Optimizing motor by minimizing parasitic loss and tuning motor drive configuration

Abstract

A powered surgical instrument is disclosed. The instrument comprises: a first circuit portion operable at a first voltage level; a second circuit portion operable at a second voltage level; a voltage source supplying the first voltage level to supply power to electrical components in the first circuit portion; a transistor including a control terminal, a first conductive terminal, and a second conductive terminal; and a control circuit coupled to the control terminal of the transistor. The second voltage level is different from the first voltage level. The first conductive terminal is coupled to the voltage source. The control circuit is configured to set the transistor to a linear mode and control the transistor to set a current for operating the motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to surgical instruments and, in various arrangements, to surgical stapling and cutting instruments configured to staple and cut tissue and staple cartridges for use therewith. Summary of the invention

[0002] The present disclosure provides an electric surgical instrument. The electric surgical instrument includes: a first circuit portion, which is capable of operating at a first voltage level; and a second circuit portion, which is capable of operating at a second voltage level. The second voltage level is different from the first voltage level. The electric surgical instrument also includes a voltage source and a transistor, the voltage source supplies the first voltage level to supply power to the electrical components in the first circuit portion. The transistor includes a control terminal, a first conduction terminal, and a second conduction terminal. The first conduction terminal is coupled to the voltage source. The electric surgical instrument also includes a control circuit coupled to the control terminal of the transistor. The control circuit sets the transistor to a linear mode, and controls the transistor to set a current for operating a motor.

[0003] The present disclosure provides a method, the method comprising: providing a first voltage level to a first circuit portion by a voltage source; setting a transistor to a linear mode by a control circuit; controlling the transistor to set a second voltage level by the control circuit to power a motor in the second circuit portion. The second voltage level is different from the first voltage level. The method also includes setting a current for the motor by the control circuit.

[0004] The present disclosure provides an electric surgical instrument, which includes: a motor; a first circuit portion, which is capable of operating at a first voltage level; and a second circuit portion, which is capable of operating at a second voltage level. The second voltage level is different from the first voltage level. The electric surgical instrument also includes: a voltage source, which supplies a first voltage level to power an electrical component in the first circuit portion; a transistor, which is coupled to the voltage source and the motor; and a control circuit, which is coupled to the transistor. The control circuit is used to control the transistor to set the second voltage level to supply power to the motor in the second circuit portion, and to control the transistor to set the current to the motor based on the torque of the motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] In the specification, for the purpose of explanation rather than limitation, specific details such as particular aspects, processes, techniques, etc. are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present technology. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present technology can be practiced in other aspects that depart from these specific details.

[0006] The accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals in the individual views refer to identical or functionally similar elements, together with the following detailed description, are incorporated in and form a part of this specification and serve to further illustrate various aspects of the concepts of the present disclosure including those protected by the claims and to explain various principles and advantages of those aspects.

[0007] Where appropriate, the methods, apparatus, and systems disclosed herein have been represented by conventional symbols in the drawings so as not to obscure the disclosure by showing only those specific details that are relevant to understanding the various aspects of the disclosure and which would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein.

[0008] Figure 1 An exploded view of an end effector and shaft portion of an electric surgical stapler according to the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0009] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating components of a staple cartridge according to the present disclosure.

[0010] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating various components of an electric surgical stapler according to the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 4 is an example of a control circuit according to the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 5 is an example of a flux ring according to the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 6 is an illustration of a flux ring disposed around a motor in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 7 An evaporation chamber is illustrated to remove heat from a motor in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 8 is a graph 4100 illustrating the characteristics of a typical MOSFET device.

[0016] Fig. 9 Illustrated is a graph of characteristic drain-to-source voltage (VDS) versus drain current (ID) curves for MOSFET devices operated at different gate-to-source voltage values ​​(VGS).

[0017] Fig.10 is a torque load versus speed graph illustrating an example of characteristics of operating a motorized surgical instrument according to the present disclosure.

[0018] Fig.11 is an example of a portion of an electric surgical stapler for controlling a motor of an electric surgical instrument according to the present disclosure.

[0019] Fig.12 is a graph illustrating an example of a stored voltage profile during a firing stroke in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0020] Fig.13 is an example of a circuit for controlling a motor of an electric surgical stapler according to the present disclosure.

[0021] Fig.14 is an example of a circuit for controlling a motor of an electric surgical stapler according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patent applications filed on the same date as the present application and each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety:

[0023] ● U.S. patent application titled “METHOD OF OPERATING A SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT”; attorney docket number END9484USNP2 / 220491-2M;

[0024] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEMS WITH ADAPTIVESTAPLE FIRING ALGORITHMS”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP3 / 220491-3;

[0025] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “LEARNED TRIGGERS FOR ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEMS”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP4 / 220491-4;

[0026] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR ACTUATING MOTORIZED FUNCTION OF SURGICALSTAPLING INSTRUMENT UTILIZINGINERTIAL DRIVE TRAIN PROPERTIES”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP5 / 220491-5;

[0027] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “PROPORTIONATE BALANCING OF THE FUNCTION IMPACT MAGNITUDE OF BATTERY OUTPUT TO PEAK MOTOR CURRENT”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP6 / 220491-6;

[0028] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “APPARATUS AND METHOD TO REDUCE PARASITICLOSSES OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF A SURGICALIN STRUMENT”; Attorney Docket Number END9484USNP8 / 220491-8;

[0029] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “SURGICAL TOOL WITH RELAXED FLEX CIRCUITARTICULATION”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP9 / 220491-9;

[0030] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “WIRING HARNESS FOR SMART STAPLER WITH MULTIAXIS ISARTICULATION”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP10 / 220491-10;

[0031] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “SURGICAL SYSTEM WITH WIRELESS ARRAY FOR POWER AND DATATRANSFER”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP11 / 220491-11; and

[0032] ●U.S. patent application titled “SURGICAL STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING REPLACEABLE ELECTRONICS PACKAGE”; attorney docket number END9484USNP12 / 220491-12.

[0033] The applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. patent applications filed on the same date as the present application and each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety:

[0034] ● U.S. patent application titled “METHOD OF ASSEMBLING A STAPLE CARTRIDGE”; attorney docket number END9484USNP13 / 220491-13M;

[0035] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “CONTROL SURFACES ON A STAPLE DRIVER OF ASURGICAL STAPLE CARTRIDGE”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP14 / 220491-14;

[0036] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “INTEGRAL CARTRIDGE STIFFENING FEATURES TOREDUCE CARTRIDGE DEFLECTION”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP15 / 220491-15;

[0037] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING WALLSTRUCTURES TO REDUCE CARTRIDGE DEFLECTION”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP16 / 220491-16;

[0038] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “PAN-LESS STAPLE CARTRIDGE ASSEMBLY COMPRISING RETENTION FEATURES FOR HOLDING STAPLED RIVERS AND SLED”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP17 / 220491-17;

[0039] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING A SLED HAVING ADRIVER LIFT CAM”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP18 / 220491-18;

[0040] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “SURGICAL STAPLE CARTRIDGES WITH SLEDSCONFIGURED TO BECOUPLED TO A FIRING DRIVER OF A COMPATIBLE SURGICAL STAPLER”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP19 / 220491-19;

[0041] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING A COMPOSITESLED”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP20 / 220491-20;

[0042] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH JAW AND FIRINGACTUATOR LOCKOUTARRANGEMENTS LOCATED PROXIMALTO A JAW PIVOT LOCATION”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP21 / 220491-21;

[0043] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH LATERALLY ENGAGEABLE LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR LOCKING AFIRING ACTUATOR”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP22 / 220491-22;

[0044] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “DUAL INDEPENDENT KEYED LOCKING MEMBERSACTING ON THE SAMEDRIVE MEMBER”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP23 / 220491-23;

[0045] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “ADJUNCTS FOR USE WITH SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP24 / 220491-24;

[0046] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “ADJUNCTS FOR USE WITH SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS”; Attorney Docket Number END9484USNP25 / 220491-25;

[0047] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “JAW CONTROL SURFACES ON A SURGICALINSTRUMENT JAW”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP26 / 220491-26;

[0048] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “ZONED ALGORITHM ADAPTIVE CHANGES BASED ON CORRELATION OF COOPERATIVE COMPRESSION CONTRIBUTIONS OF TISSUE”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP27 / 220491-27;

[0049] ● U.S. Patent Application Titled “STAPLE CARTRIDGES COMPRISING TRACERETENTION FEATURES”; Attorney Docket No. END9484USNP29 / 220491-29; and

[0050] ●U.S. patent application entitled “STAPLE CARTRIDGES COMPRISING STAPLERETENTION FEATURES”; attorney docket number END9484USNP30 / 220491-30.

[0051] Numerous specific details are set forth herein to provide a thorough understanding of the overall structure, function, manufacture, and use of the embodiments described in the specification and illustrated in the drawings. Well-known operations, components, and elements are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments described in the specification. The reader will understand that the embodiments described and illustrated are non-limiting examples, so that it can be appreciated that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may be representative and exemplary. Modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0052] Various methods, instruments, and systems for performing surgical procedures are provided. Various surgical systems disclosed herein include a working portion that can be inserted into the body in any manner, such as through a natural orifice, through an incision or perforation formed in tissue, and the like. The working portion or end effector portion can be inserted directly into the patient's body or can be inserted through an access device having a working channel. Continuing with reference to this specific implementation, it should be understood that various unique and novel arrangements of various forms of surgical systems disclosed herein can also be effectively used in combination with robotically controlled surgical systems and or handheld surgical systems. Various robotic systems, instruments, components, and methods are disclosed in U.S. patent application serial number 13 / 118,241, entitled "SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0053] refer to Figures 1 to 3The electric surgical stapling instrument 5 includes a shaft 10 and an end effector 20 extending from the shaft 10. The end effector 20 includes a first jaw and a second jaw. The first jaw defines a channel 21, and a staple cartridge 22 is removably positioned in the channel 21. However, other embodiments are envisioned in which the staple cartridge cannot be removed from the first jaw or at least can be easily replaced from the first jaw. The second jaw includes an anvil 24, which is configured to enable the staples 25 (see Figure 2 ) deformation. The second jaw can be pivoted relative to the first jaw about the closing axis to convert the end effector 20 between the open configuration and the closed configuration. Other embodiments are contemplated in which the first jaw can be pivoted relative to the second jaw.

[0054] The electric surgical stapling instrument 5 also includes an articulation joint 30 that is configured to allow the end effector 20 to rotate or articulate relative to the shaft 10. The end effector 20 can rotate around an articulation axis extending through the articulation joint 30. Other embodiments that do not include an articulation joint are contemplated. In the illustrated example, the cooperating articulation rods 31, 32 are configured to enable the end effector 20 to articulate relative to the shaft 10 around the articulation joint 30. The electric surgical stapling instrument 5 also includes an articulation locking rod 33 that selectively prevents the articulation of the end effector 20.

[0055] The staple cartridge 22 includes a cartridge body 27 having a proximal end, a distal end, and a platform 26 extending between the proximal end and the distal end. In use, the staple cartridge 22 is positioned on a first side of the tissue to be sutured, and the anvil 24 is positioned on a second side of the tissue. According to the present disclosure, the anvil 24 can be moved toward the staple cartridge 22 to compress and clamp the tissue against the platform 26. In other embodiments, the staple cartridge 22 can be moved relative to the anvil 24, or alternatively, both the staple cartridge 22 and the anvil 24 can be moved to compress and clamp the tissue.

[0056] In addition to the above, the drive shaft 40 can move distally to actuate the firing beam 60 to convert the end effector 20 toward the closed configuration, thereby compressing the tissue. In the illustrated example, the firing beam 60 is in the form of an I-shaped beam including a first cam and a second cam, which are configured to engage the first jaw and the second jaw, respectively. When the firing beam 60 is advanced toward the distal side, the first cam and the second cam can control the distance or tissue gap between the platform of the nail magazine 22 and the anvil 24. In the illustrated example, the firing beam 60 actuates the slide 50 to deploy the nail 25 from the nail magazine 22. A separate closing mechanism (e.g., a closing tube) can be used to convert the end effector 20 toward the closed configuration. In addition, according to the present disclosure, the firing beam 60 may include the first cam and the second cam or may not include the first cam and the second cam. The firing beam 60 may be in the form of an E-shaped beam having a first cam, a second cam and a third cam. The firing beam 60 and the closing tube can cooperate to achieve the closure of the end effector 20. Furthermore, in accordance with the present disclosure, the firing beam 60 may only effectuate the deployment of the staples 25 .

[0057] According to this disclosure, Figure 1 As illustrated in the figure, the firing beam 60 may include a knife configured to cut into tissue captured between the staple cartridge 22 and the anvil 24. It is desirable that the knife is positioned at least partially close to the ramp surface so that the staples are ejected before the knife. More details about alternative embodiments of surgical stapling systems suitable for use with the present disclosure are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 385,887 entitled "METHOD FOR ATTACHING A SHAFT ASSEMBLY TO A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT AND, ALTERNATIVELY, TO A SURGICAL ROBOT" and U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 209,416 entitled "METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, PROCESSING, DISPLAY, AND CLOUD ANALYTICS", which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0058] The staples 25 removably stored in the cartridge body 27 can be deployed into tissue. The cartridge body 27 includes staple cavities 28 defined therein, wherein the staples 25 are removably stored in the staple cavities 28. The staple cavities 28 are arranged in longitudinal rows. In the illustrated example, for example, three rows of staple cavities 28 are positioned on a first side of the longitudinal slot 29, and three rows of staple cavities 28 are positioned on a second side of the longitudinal slot. Other arrangements of staple cavities 28 and staples 25 are possible.

[0059] The staples 25 are supported in the cartridge body 27 by staple drivers 35. The staple drivers 35 are movable between a first or unfired position and a second or fired position to eject the staples 25 from the staple cavities 28. The staple drivers 35 are movable between their unfired positions and their fired positions by a sled 50 including a ramp surface 51 that is configured to slide under the staple drivers 35 and elevate the staple drivers 35 and the staples 25 supported thereon toward the anvil 24. In the illustrated example, distal movement of the drive shaft 40 causes the sled 50 to move distally within the staple cartridge 22 to deploy the staples 25.

[0060] Main references Figure 2 The slider 50 includes a first ramp surface 51a, a second ramp surface 51b, a third ramp surface 51c, and a fourth ramp surface 51d, which are configured to engage the first nail driver 35a, the second nail driver 35b, the third nail driver 35c, and the fourth nail driver 35d along the nail forming distance (D) to deploy the nail 25 from the corresponding nail cavity 28a, 28b, 28c, 28d to form against the corresponding forming recess in the anvil 24. In the illustrated example, the nail drivers 35b, 35c are double drivers, while the nail drivers 35a, 35d are single drivers. The double driver supports two nails in two separate nail cavities, while the single driver supports a single nail in a single nail cavity.

[0061] Figure 31 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an electric surgical stapling instrument 5. Various components of the surgical stapling instrument 5 communicate with the control circuit 100. Such components may receive signals from the control circuit 100 and / or transmit signals to the control circuit. Such signals include command signals, status signals, sensor signals, and / or any other suitable signals. The control circuit 100 may be configured to implement the various methods described herein with the help of various components of the surgical stapling system that communicate with the control circuit 100. In the illustrated example, the control circuit 100 includes a controller 102, which includes one or more processors 104 (e.g., microprocessors, microcontrollers) coupled to at least one memory circuit 106. The memory circuit 106 stores machine executable instructions that cause the processor 104 to execute machine instructions to implement the various processes described herein when executed by the processor 104. The processor 104 may be any of a variety of single-core processors or multi-core processors known in the art. The memory circuit 106 may include a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium. The processor 104 may include an instruction processing unit and an operation unit. The instruction processing unit may be configured to receive instructions from the memory circuit 106. According to the present disclosure, the control circuit 100 may include a combinational logic circuit and / or a sequential logic circuit. The processor 104 communicates with the database 124 to store various information associated with the electric surgical stapling instrument 5. According to the present disclosure, the database 124 may store identifiers of staple cartridges or other components of the end effector 20.

[0062] According to the present disclosure, the control circuit 100 may be configured to communicate with a motor assembly 110, which includes, for example, a motor and a motor controller. The motor assembly may generate a rotational motion to achieve a translational motion of the drive shaft 40. The control circuit 160 may generate a motor set point signal. The motor set point signal may be provided to the motor controller. The motor controller may include one or more circuits configured to provide a motor drive signal to the motor to drive the motor, as described herein. The motor may be a brushed DC electric motor. For example, the speed of the motor may be proportional to the motor drive signal. Alternatively or additionally, the motor may be a brushless DC electric motor, and the motor drive signal may include a PWM signal provided to one or more stator windings of the motor. In addition, according to the present disclosure, the motor controller may be omitted, and the control circuit 100 may directly generate the motor drive signal. The position, movement, displacement and / or translation of the drive shaft 40, the firing beam 60 and / or the slide 50 (collectively referred to herein as the "firing assembly") may be measured / monitored by the control circuit 100 based on input from one or more sensors 120.

[0063] The motor assembly 110 may be powered by a power source 111, which in one form may include a removable power pack. The power pack may include a housing configured to support a plurality of batteries, which may each include, for example, lithium ion ("LI") or other suitable batteries, and may be connected in series, for example. The power source 111 may be replaceable and / or rechargeable. Other power sources are contemplated by the present disclosure.

[0064] The sensor 120 may include a position sensor 121 configured to sense the position, movement, displacement and / or translation of one or more components of the firing assembly (such as, for example, the drive shaft 40, the firing beam 60 and / or the slider 50). The position sensor 121 may include any type of sensor capable of generating position data indicating the position of the firing assembly. According to the present disclosure, the position sensor 121 may include an encoder configured to provide a series of pulses to the control circuit 100 when the firing assembly is translated distally and proximally. The control circuit 100 may track the pulses to determine the position, movement, displacement and / or translation of the components of the firing assembly. Other suitable position sensors may be used, including, for example, proximity sensors. Other types of position sensors may provide other signals indicating the movement of the firing assembly. In the case where the motor is a stepper motor, the control circuit 100 may track the position of the components of the firing assembly by summing the number and direction of the steps that the motor has been instructed to perform. The sensor 120 may be located in the end effector 20, or at any other part of the electric surgical stapling instrument 5.

[0065] The various sensors 120 may be adapted to measure various other parameters, such as gap distance versus time, tissue compression versus time, and anvil strain versus time. The sensors 120 may include magnetic sensors, magnetic field sensors, strain gauges, pressure sensors, force sensors, inductive sensors (such as eddy current sensors), resistive sensors, capacitive sensors, optical sensors, and / or any other suitable sensor for measuring one or more parameters of the end effector 20. One or more sensors 120 may be sampled in real time by the processor 104 of the control circuit 100 during the clamping operation. The control circuit 100 receives the real-time sample measurements to provide and analyze time-based information and evaluate the measured parameters, such as force and / or position parameters, in real time.

[0066] One or more sensors 120 may include a strain gauge (such as a micro strain gauge) configured to measure the amount of strain in the anvil 24 during the clamping state. The strain gauge provides an electrical signal whose amplitude varies with the amount of strain. The sensor 120 may include a pressure sensor configured to detect the pressure generated by the presence of compressed tissue between the anvil 24 and the staple cartridge 22. The sensor 120 may be configured to detect the impedance of the tissue section between the anvil 24 and the staple cartridge 22, which indicates the thickness and / or completeness of the tissue located therebetween.

[0067] The sensor 120 may include a force sensor 122 configured to measure forces associated with the firing and / or closing state. For example, the force sensor 122 may be located at the interaction point between the closure tube and the anvil 24 to detect the closing force applied to the anvil 24 by the closure tube. The force applied to the anvil 24 may represent the tissue compression experienced by the tissue segment captured between the anvil 24 and the staple cartridge 22. The force sensor 122 may be positioned at various interaction points along the closure drive system to detect the closing force applied to the anvil 24.

[0068] Similarly, the force sensor 122 may be located at the interaction point between the components of the firing assembly to detect the firing force applied by the firing assembly to advance the firing beam 60 and the slide 50 to deploy the nail into the tissue and cut the tissue. The measured force represents the firing load experienced by the firing assembly. Alternatively or additionally, a current sensor may be used to measure the current drawn by the motor of the motor assembly 110. The force required to advance the firing assembly corresponds to the current drawn by the motor. The measured force may be converted into a digital signal and provided to the processing circuit 100.

[0069] In addition to the above, the electric surgical stapling instrument 5 includes a user interface 140 having an input device (e.g., a capacitive touch screen or a keyboard) for receiving input from a user and an output device (e.g., a display screen) for providing output to the user. The output may include data from a query input by the user, a recommendation for a product or product mixture to be used in a given operation, and / or instructions for actions to be performed before, during, or after a surgical operation. The user interface 140 may communicate with the control circuit 100, such as Figure 3 exemplified in .

[0070] During a surgical stapling procedure, a clinician can operate the electric surgical stapling instrument 5 to sequentially fire multiple staple cartridges along a selected tissue resection line to achieve a clinical result. For example, in a gastrectomy procedure, a clinician can sequentially fire staple cartridges of different characteristics (e.g., size, color, type, length, staple height, staple diameter, staple size) along a selected tissue resection line to remove a portion of the stomach. The staple cartridges can be fired in an end-to-end arrangement along the tissue resection line.

[0071] The clinician can use any suitable imaging technology (such as, for example, x-ray, registered magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and / or computed tomography (CT) scan) to examine the tissue to be resected. The clinician can then select the appropriate tissue resection line and staple cartridge for sequential firing along the selected tissue resection line. However, visual inspection has its limitations, and the response of the tissue to suturing can vary according to many factors, including, for example, patient age, tissue health and / or tissue type. In addition, tissue thickness and / or hardness can vary along the selected tissue resection line, resulting in unexpected tissue response.

[0072] Various methods, devices, and systems are provided for adaptively adjusting operating parameters of the powered surgical stapling instrument 5 during staple cartridge firing based on tissue response in an earlier stage / region of the staple cartridge firing. In addition, various methods, devices, and systems are provided for adaptively adjusting operating parameters of the powered surgical stapling instrument 5 during staple cartridge firing based on tissue response in one or more previous staple cartridge firings in a surgical procedure involving multiple sequential firings.

[0073] According to the present disclosure, the processor 104 may execute various program instructions that may be stored in a memory circuit such as the memory circuit 106 to implement various algorithms associated with firing a staple cartridge by the electric surgical stapling instrument 5. Various aspects of such algorithms, such as thresholds, limits, triggers, conditions, pauses, wait times, are adjusted based on information learned from tissue reactions in earlier stages / regions of the staple cartridge firing and / or based on tissue reactions in one or more previous staple cartridge firings in a surgical procedure involving multiple sequential firings, as described in more detail below.

[0074] According to the present disclosure, the control circuit 100 and the motor assembly 110 may have different voltage levels. The control circuit 100 may have a first voltage level that is different from the voltage of the motor assembly 110. This reduces the loss in the transmission of voltage or current through the motor control system of the surgical instrument. The loss in transmission occurs during the transmission of power from the power source to the motor assembly. According to the present disclosure, the motor assembly 110 may have an "H-bridge" portion that operates at a voltage level different from at least one other part of the circuit. The voltage of the control circuit 100 may be higher than the voltage within the motor assembly 110 to minimize the resistive loss of power transmission from the power source to the motor assembly. Alternatively, the voltage of the control circuit 100 may be lower than the voltage of the motor assembly 110, resulting in higher motor efficiency.

[0075] Improvements in transfer rates result in increased power transfer and higher motor efficiency. According to the present disclosure, power transfer can be optimized through architectural improvements. For example, the reduction of intermediate control elements within the control circuit 100 reduces overall power consumption. Distance, resistance, conductor shape and shape all affect current capacity and therefore overall power consumption. For example, resistance is between 80mOhm and 170-200mOhm to reduce power consumption.

[0076] In addition, parasitic losses and other forms of energy losses such as magnetic, capacitive and thermal occur in surgical instruments. Heat dissipation is a form of loss that occurs in a circuit due to proximity or packaging constraints to other electronic devices. Minimization of these losses is necessary to extend battery life and efficient power delivery to the motor. The present disclosure is directed to maximizing the power delivered to the motor system, given a set battery voltage. For example, the present disclosure is directed to capturing as much magnetic field as possible, using flux loops and running the motor at its peak point on the motor curve. Since each cell within the battery has some internal resistance, the losses caused by the internal cell resistance (heat from the battery) are reduced by minimizing the current drawn by the device. Cell heating can also negatively affect battery performance.

[0077] Figure 4 is an example of a control circuit 4000 according to the present disclosure. The control circuit 4000 is Figure 3 A specific implementation of the control circuit 100 is shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown in the example, the control circuit 4000 includes a first lead 4002a and a second lead 4002b of the motor to couple the control circuit 4000 to the motor ( Figure 4 Not shown, see Figure 6 According to the present disclosure, the control circuit 4000 may include a battery 4004.

[0078] According to the present disclosure, when circuit components are closely spaced to minimize losses, the total current path can be minimized. The current path is through the positive (+) terminal of the battery 4004, to the H-bridge, to the motor, and to the negative (-) return terminal of the battery 4004. Adjacent circuit components also lose power through inductive capacitive coupling and inductive coupling.

[0079] The control circuit 4000 is disposed on a printed circuit board (PCB). On the PCB, the power electronics 4001 are separated from the logic circuits 4003 such as digital electronics or electrical conductors carrying data signals to physically and electrically isolate the noisy power signal traces from the digital / data traces. Thus, the digital traces are not affected by unwanted noise or interference caused by electrical, magnetic or thermal sources.

[0080] According to the present disclosure, in order to minimize parasitic losses in the control circuit 4000, the voltage source that powers the control circuit may be unpaired or decoupled from the voltage source that powers the motor. This technology enables the use of different power sources. For example, a 24V battery that powers a 12V motor uses a step-down circuit at the motor. The 24V battery then has less electrical losses than the 12V battery when stored. This minimizes parasitic losses. During pulse width modulation (PWM), additional losses occur due to the skin effect in the electrical conductor. For example, in electromagnetism, the skin effect refers to the tendency of the alternating current (AC) distribution curve within the electrical conductor so that the current density is maximum near the surface of the electrical conductor and decreases exponentially with the greater depth in the conductor. Therefore, in an AC circuit, power transfer is mainly transmitted through the skin, while in a DC circuit, power transfer occurs in the middle electrical conductor.

[0081] Motor efficiency is a measure of how much electrical energy applied to the motor is converted into mechanical energy. A large amount of excess energy is converted into heat, which can cause the motor to burn out if the motor is running at a torque and / or revolutions per minute (RPM) that makes the motor efficiency very low. Motor heating is directly related to the output torque of the motor system. Therefore, it is important to control the heat generated by the motor. One way to control the heat generated by the motor is to use a flux ring to enclose the motor.

[0082] Figure 5 is an example of a flux ring 4010 according to the present disclosure. The flux ring 4010 is an iron metal ring that increases the efficiency of the magnetic field on the motor by reducing the RPM per volt and reducing the amperage draw of the motor. The flux ring 4010 also conducts additional heat away from the motor. Increasing the thickness of the flux ring 4010 enables additional heat to be conducted away from the motor.

[0083] Figure 6 is an illustration of a flux ring 4010 disposed around a motor 4012 according to the present disclosure. The flux ring 4010 is slidably disposed on the motor 4012. The flux ring 4010 changes the magnetic flux characteristics of the motor 4012 and affects the performance of the motor 4012. The flux ring 4010 disposed around the motor 4012 advantageously reduces the power consumption of the motor 4012 and extends battery life.

[0084] Figure 7 An evaporation chamber 4020 is illustrated for removing heat from a motor 4012 in accordance with the present disclosure. Figure 6The flux ring 4010 shown in the figure may include an evaporation chamber 4020. The evaporation chamber 4020 includes a condenser 4022, an evaporator 4026, and a core 4024 coupled to the condenser provides a liquid return path. A cavity 4032 is defined between the core 4024 and the evaporator 4026 to contain the fluid in the cavity 4032. A coil 4028 is disposed in the cavity 4032. The liquid returned from the core 4024 is converted into steam in the cavity 4032. The evaporator 4026 is used to absorb heat from the motor. According to the present disclosure, the evaporator 4026 may be in physical contact with a motor (not shown), and the evaporation chamber removes heat from the motor.

[0085] When heat is introduced to the evaporator 4026 from the motor coupling side 4034 of the evaporation chamber 4020, the working fluid within the evaporation chamber 4020 becomes vapor that moves to a lower pressure region. According to the present disclosure, the evaporator 4026 may be in contact with one side of the motor 4012 through the motor coupling side 4014. In another example, the evaporator 4026 is in contact with the open side of the flux ring 4010. The condenser 4022, which is typically a fin-like structure, cools the vapor so that the vapor condenses back into a liquid that is absorbed by the wick 4024 and returned to the heat source region via capillary action.

[0086] According to the present disclosure, the evaporation chamber 4020 may be Figure 5 and Figure 6 4010 to conduct heat away from the motor 4012 ( Figure 6 ). The evaporation chamber 4020 is formed in a cylindrical shape. The evaporation chamber 4020 may be a copper heat pipe. In addition, according to the present disclosure, the evaporation chamber 4020 may define a shape conforming to the outer housing or shape of the motor.

[0087] Additional techniques to minimize system parasitic losses and cool system components by removing heat (energy) from them include removing heat from the H-bridge and transistors (eg, MOSFET devices) through cooling mechanisms including heat sinks, heat pipes, or evaporation chambers.

[0088] Other heat sources that contribute include heat energy generated by motor vibration when the motor is out of specification (e.g., when the motor is operating above its operating condition). When the motor vibrates, the motor gearbox may encounter tooth loads, which will add heat energy to the system. One solution is to optimize the impact angle for high load conditions. During low load conditions, the efficiency is lower, but higher output is allowed during critical high load conditions during the instrument firing process.

[0089] Another solution is to replace the plastic gears with metal gears. The load characteristics of the plastic gears change the optimization or efficiency of the contact with the mating gear. The load distribution curve will "steal" output power because the gears require more energy to rotate. If the gears were metal, then the contact point would not deflect as much, which would keep the required power input lower than it would be if plastic gears were used.

[0090] Other sources of thermal energy that can be mitigated include electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). This includes adding effective EMI / EMC shielding and filtering to surgical instruments to simultaneously improve EMI / EMC immunity and reduce electromagnetic emissions while minimizing risk.

[0091] In addition, motor efficiency can be optimized by tuning the motor drive configuration to compensate for resistance changes or losses in the power supply voltage level. One method for compensating for the power supply voltage applied to the motor is to continuously control the changes in one or more H-bridge transistors by operating at least one of the transistors in a linear operating region. Operating the H-bridge transistors in the linear region provides additional control over the current flowing to the motor. The linear region can be used to reduce the current flowing to the motor, which in turn reduces the speed and reduces the energy consumption that contributes to the system heat loss.

[0092] In describing a method for operating a motorized surgical instrument such as a Figures 1 to 3 Before the technology of the electric surgical stapling instrument 5) shown in the present disclosure turns to Figure 8 . Figure 8 4100 is a graph illustrating the characteristics of a typical MOSFET device. Graph 4100 shows the drain-to-source voltage (V DS ) for drain current (I D ). When V GS >V TH When , a saturation region 4102 occurs, which produces a maximum current. The load line 4106 has two points A and B, which illustrate the voltage and current at the cut-off region and the saturation region 4102.

[0093] In the saturation region 4102, the MOSFET device will be biased such that a maximum gate voltage is applied to the MOSFET device, resulting in a channel resistance R DS As small as possible, where maximum drain current flows through the MOSFET device. Thus, for an enhancement mode MOSFET device, the conduction channel opens and the device is switched "ON".

[0094] When V GS <V THThe cut-off region 4108 occurs when the MOSFET device operates as an open switch. The breakdown voltage 4110 is shown on the graph 4120. By applying a suitable drive voltage to the gate of the MOSFET device, the resistance R of the drain-source channel is DS(on) It can vary from an "off resistance" of several hundred kilo-ohms, effectively acting as an open circuit, to an "on resistance" of less than 1 Ω, effectively acting as a short circuit.

[0095] Fig. 9 The following example shows the gate-to-source voltage at different values ​​(V GS ) is a characteristic drain-to-source voltage (V DS ) for drain current (I D ) curve 4120. The primary current flowing through the MOSFET device is controlled by the voltage applied to one of the terminals, rather than by the control current flowing through any part of the device. When the drain voltage increases to the saturation voltage V SAT When , the current through the device becomes controlled solely by the gate voltage under drain saturation conditions. The linear region 4124 and the saturation region 4126 are separated by the upwardly curved parabola 4122.

[0096] Fig.10 is an example torque load versus speed graph 4130 illustrating the characteristics of operating a motorized surgical instrument. Modulation of the current delivered to the motor affects the output force that the motor can apply. There is a direct relationship between speed 4132 and torque.

[0097] For example, without a load, the speed of the motor is at a maximum. For example, when the motor is stalled 4142, there is maximum current applied to the motor, but no torque is produced and the rotor does not rotate when the motor is stalled. The speed and efficiency are also zero. The rated operating point is between the no-load and stalled conditions. The speed line 4132, efficiency line 4134, current line 4138, and power line 4136 all intersect the rated operating point 4140 of the motor. The rated operating point 4140 intersects all lines for the specific load applied to the motor.

[0098] The following will be combined Figures 1 to 3 The electric surgical stapling instrument 5 and the control circuit 100 shown in FIG. Figures 11 to 14 For example, as described below, control circuits 4204, 4304, 4404 are Figure 3 An example implementation of the control circuit 100 of the electric surgical stapling instrument 5 is shown in FIG. Figures 11 to 14 as well as Figures 1 to 3 , power source 111( Figure 3 ) is divided into two circuit parts. The first part supplies power to the components of the control circuit 100, and the second circuit part supplies power to the motor assembly 110 ( Figure 3) for power supply. Figures 11 to 14 , two circuit parts are shown as a first circuit part 4201, 4301, 4401 and a second circuit part 4203, 4303, 4403. The first circuit part 4201, 4301, 4401 includes a voltage source 4202, 4302, 4402 and a control circuit 4204, 4304, 4404, and the second circuit part 4203, 4303, 4403 includes a motor 4210, 4310, 4410. Figures 4 to 7 All aspects can be combined Figures 11 to 14 Together to improve motor efficiency, such as setting Figures 11 to 14 The flux ring or evaporation chamber on the motor.

[0099] Fig.11 4 is an example of a motor control system 4200 of an electric surgical instrument for controlling a motor 4210 of an electric surgical instrument according to the present disclosure. The motor control system 4200 of the electric surgical instrument includes a voltage source 4202, a transistor 4206 coupled to the voltage source 4202, and a control circuit 4204. The transistor 4206 can be a MOSFET, a BJT, a JFET, a FET, an NPN transistor, a PNP transistor, or any suitable transistor. The electric surgical instrument includes a first circuit portion 4201 operable at a first voltage level and a second circuit portion 4203 operable at a second voltage level 4212, which is shown as a voltage applied to the motor 4210. For example, the voltage source 4202 is configured to supply the second voltage level to the second circuit portion 4203 so that the motor receives a voltage level similar to that of the voltage source 4202.

[0100] According to the present disclosure, a motor control system 4200 may be located within a powered surgical instrument, such as, for example, Figures 1 to 34201. In addition, according to the present disclosure, the second voltage level 4212 may be different from the first voltage level of the voltage source 4202. The voltage source 4202 of the electric surgical instrument supplies the first voltage level to power the electrical components in the first circuit portion 4201. A boost circuit (not shown) may be coupled between the voltage source 4202 and the control circuit 4204 to boost the voltage level of the voltage source to a first voltage level such that the first voltage level is higher than the voltage level of the voltage source 4202. The higher voltage to the control circuit 4204 allows the control circuit 4204 to draw less current from the voltage source 4202. This allows the motor 4210 to receive more power. The first current carrying terminal 4207 of the transistor 4206 is coupled to the voltage source 4202, and the second current carrying terminal 4209 of the transistor 4206 is coupled to the motor 4210 via transmission / parasitic losses 4208. The control circuit 4204 is coupled to the control terminal 4205 of the transistor 4206 to control the conductivity of the transistor 4206 between the first current carrying terminal 4207 and the second current carrying terminal 4209 .

[0101] Return to reference Fig.11 , taking into account the transmission / parasitic losses 4208, the transistor 4206 outputs a voltage to be applied to the motor 4210. The transistor 4206 outputs a current between the first current carrying terminal 4207 and the second current carrying terminal 4209 controlled by the control circuit 4204 to compensate for the transmission / parasitic losses 4208.

[0102] According to the present disclosure, when the voltage source 4202 is higher than the input voltage rating of the motor 4210 , the control circuit 4204 can gradually reduce the voltage of the voltage source 4202 to a voltage usable by the motor 4210 by controlling the conductivity of the transistor 4206 between the first current carrying terminal 4207 and the second current carrying terminal 4209 .

[0103] For example, according to the present disclosure, the control circuit 4204 may set the transistor 4206 to a linear mode (as described above in conjunction with Figures 8 to 9 The output voltage of the transistor 4206 is controlled to set the current to the motor 4210 to power the motor 4210. The transistor 4206 may be located between the first circuit portion and the second circuit portion.

[0104] According to the present disclosure, the control circuit 4204 can set the transistor 4206 to the linear mode (as described above in conjunction with Figures 8 to 9 In addition, according to the present disclosure, when transistor 4206 is a MOSFET device, Figures 8 to 9 The linear mode of a MOSFET device is shown in FIG. Linear mode operation refers to the current saturation region in the output characteristic. For a given gate-to-source voltage (V GS ), drain current (IDS ) is almost independent of the drain-to-source voltage (V DS ). The drain current then depends directly on the V GS Voltage.

[0105] According to the present disclosure, the control circuit 4204 can control the output voltage of the transistor 4206 at the second current carrying terminal 4209 of the transistor 4206 to a second voltage level by applying a stored profile to the control terminal 4205 of the transistor 4206. The stored profile stores a compensation factor to compensate for the voltage drop of the voltage source 4202 during the firing operation of the electric surgical instrument driven by the motor 4210. The control circuit 4204 adjusts the voltage drop and increases the voltage applied to the motor 4210 so that the voltage applied to the motor is similar to the voltage level of the voltage source 4202. According to the present disclosure, the control circuit 4204 can set the current for the motor 4210 by controlling the control terminal 4205 of the transistor 4206 to adjust the conductivity of the transistor 4206 and apply a desired transistor voltage that compensates for the transmission / parasitic losses 4208 at the second current carrying terminal 4209 of the transistor 4206 so that the second voltage level 4212 is suitable for effectively operating the motor 4210 during the firing process.

[0106] According to the present disclosure, when the firing trigger of the electric surgical instrument is activated, any voltage drop can be "pre-compensated". The pre-compensation can be based on a known distribution curve of the inrush current of a given motor 4210. For example, each electric surgical instrument includes a memory for storing the motor distribution curve. The electric surgical instruments are individually calibrated to meet predetermined performance based on predetermined parameters. According to the present disclosure, the compensation parameter value can be physically stored in the potentiometer circuit or in the memory circuit of the control circuit 4204, such as, for example, an EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory). In addition, according to the present disclosure, the potentiometer can be controlled by the control circuit 4204 to adjust the second voltage level 4212 applied to the motor 4210. The following is combined with Fig.12 An example of a stored voltage profile during a firing operation is described.

[0107] Fig.12 4220 is a graph illustrating an example stored voltage profile as a function of time during a firing stroke. Fig.12 as well as Fig.11 , control circuit 4204 stores a profile similar to the profile depicted in graph 4220. Control circuit 4204 adjusts second voltage level 4212 based on the stored profile of motor 4210. The stored profile includes uncompensated voltage 4226, compensation factor 4222, and compensated voltage 4224.

[0108] To determine the profile in calibration, the second voltage level 4212 applied to the motor 4210 is measured and compared to the desired voltage to be applied to the motor 4210. A compensation factor is determined based on the difference between the applied voltage and the desired voltage. The control circuit 4204 stores the compensation factor 4222.

[0109] For example, the first circuit portion 4201 includes the control circuit 4204 and the second circuit portion 4203 includes the motor 4210. The transistor 4206 can separate the first circuit portion 4201 from the second circuit portion 4203. The motor 4210 receives the second voltage level 4212. The control circuit 4204 receives the first voltage level. According to the present disclosure, the first voltage level can be a compensation voltage compensated by the compensation factor 4222, so that the first voltage level is higher than the second voltage level.

[0110] According to the present disclosure, the first voltage level—the voltage at the voltage source 4202—can be higher than the second voltage level 4212 applied to the motor 4210. Alternatively, the first voltage level—the voltage at the voltage source 4202—can be lower than the second voltage level 4212 applied to the motor 4210.

[0111] The control circuit 4204 also minimizes or maximizes the power applied to the motor 4210 and stores an algorithm to modulate the power applied to the motor 4210. For example, the first few firings of the electric surgical instrument will encounter higher forces to fire and will require more power applied to the motor 4210 to advance the drive shaft 40. Based on the number of device cycles, the control circuit 4204 increases the output power and monitors the power throughout the cycle. The control circuit 4204 counts the number of cycles and stores the number of device cycles. The control circuit 4204 also determines the second voltage level 4212 to be applied to the motor based on the stored number of device cycles. The control circuit 4204 also stores the output power of the previous cycle and determines the desired output power to the motor 4210 based at least in part on the previous output power.

[0112] According to the present disclosure, the increase in output power from the voltage source 4202 can be controlled by changing the second voltage level 4212 (e.g., the voltage applied to the motor 4210). For example, if the motor control system 4200 uses an 18V voltage source 4202 (e.g., a battery) to power the control circuit 4204 and the motor 4210, then during the initial firing cycle, the control circuit 4204 applies the full 18 volts to the motor 4210. As the load increases, the second voltage level 4212 applied to the motor 4210 is adjusted to the voltage required to complete the firing cycle. If the first few firings are at an increased load above a predetermined threshold, the control circuit 4204 continues to apply the full 18 volts to the motor 4210. If the initial firing is below the threshold, the motor 4210 is decelerated to better match the end effector 20 ( Figure 1 and Figure 3 The control circuit 4204 stores the previous load on the end effector 20 for the previous firing, and determines, based at least in part on the previous load, an appropriate voltage level to be applied to the motor 4210 to properly operate under the load.

[0113] In another example, during the motor 4210 stall condition, the control circuit 4204 incrementally raises the second voltage level 4212 applied to the motor 4210 in an attempt to return the firing beam 60 / blade ( Figure 1 ). The control circuit 4204 stores different thresholds for firing and returning to minimize damage and risk. The control circuit 4204 determines the condition of the motor 4210 and determines the second voltage level 4212 to be applied to the motor 4210 based on the condition of the motor 4210. In addition, the control circuit 4204 controls the decay of the H-bridge drive circuit. The slow decay of the H-bridge drive circuit improves the efficiency of the motor 4210. Faster decay allows for faster braking.

[0114] According to the present disclosure, the motor 4210 can be a bipolar or unipolar stepper motor to operate beyond the pull-out and pull-in torques of the motor 4210, which causes the motor 4210 and the attached drive system to vibrate.

[0115] According to the present disclosure, transistor 4206 can be replaced by a DC / DC power converter. The DC / DC power converter steps down the higher voltage provided by voltage source 4202 to a lower second voltage level 4212 for operating motor 4210. According to the present disclosure, transistor 4206 can be a MOSFET device. In addition, according to the present disclosure, transistor 4206 can be a BJT device.

[0116] According to the present disclosure, a higher second voltage level 4212 may be utilized to drive the motor 4210, such as a 14V second voltage level 4212 for a 12V battery voltage source 4202. An unknown amount of voltage drop, such as 1V, will occur due to transmission / parasitic losses 4208. The transistor 4206 may then be used in a linear region to compensate the remaining overhead voltage to a second voltage level 4212 that is acceptable to the motor 4210. The control circuit 4204 controls the voltage drop of the transistor 4206 by controlling the conductivity of the transistor 4206 via the control terminal 4205.

[0117] According to the present disclosure, the control circuit 4204 can monitor the voltage drop and dynamically compensate for the voltage drop. The voltage drop is due to a sudden drop in voltage and battery voltage.

[0118] Fig.13 and Fig.14 Illustrated Fig.11 An alternative implementation of the motor control system 4200 shown in FIG. Fig.13 and Fig.14 As illustrated in FIG. , the control circuits 4304 , 4404 may use algorithms and active monitoring of the second voltage levels 4312 , 4412 applied to the motors 4310 , 4410 to provide states of the second voltage levels 4312 , 4412 applied to the motors and compensate the second voltage levels 4312 , 4412 to desired voltage levels.

[0119] Reference Fig.13 , shows a motor control system 4300 of an electric surgical instrument according to the present disclosure. The electric surgical instrument is similar to Figures 1 to 3 The motor control system 4300 is an example circuit implementation for controlling a motor 4310 of an electric surgical instrument. According to the present disclosure, the circuit may be contained within the housing of the electric surgical instrument. The motor control system 4300 is similar to Fig.11, and similar components will not be described in detail for the sake of brevity and clarity of disclosure. According to the present disclosure, the motor control system 4300 may be located within the housing of the electric surgical instrument. The motor control system 4300 includes a first circuit portion 4301 that can operate at a first voltage level supplied by a voltage source 4302 and a second circuit portion 4303 that can operate at a second voltage level 4312. According to the present disclosure, the second voltage level 4312 may be different from the first voltage level supplied by the voltage source 4302. The voltage source 4302 of the electric surgical instrument supplies the first voltage level to power the electronic / electrical components (such as the control circuit 4304) in the first circuit portion 4301. The first conduction terminal 4307 of the transistor 4306 is coupled to the voltage source 4302. The second conduction terminal 4309 of the transistor 4306 is coupled to the motor 4310 via transmission / parasitic losses 4308. The control circuit 4304 is coupled to the control terminal 4305 of the transistor 4306.

[0120] The motor control system 4300 includes a voltage monitoring circuit 4314 coupled to the second conduction terminal 4309 of the transistor 4306, the voltage monitoring circuit 4314 measuring the voltage applied to the motor 4310 and providing the voltage as feedback to the control circuit 4304. According to the present disclosure, the control circuit 4304 may receive the second voltage level 4312 applied to the motor 4310 measured by the voltage monitoring circuit 4314, and may adjust the second voltage level 4312 based on the measured voltage. According to the present disclosure, the control circuit 4304 may compare a predetermined value of the second voltage level 4312 with the voltage applied to the motor 4310 measured by the voltage monitoring circuit 4314, and may adjust the second voltage level 4312 based on the comparison. For example, the predetermined value of the second voltage level 4312 is the voltage level of the voltage source 4302.

[0121] Compensation can also be used to allow for monitoring. Compensation can be used to allow for unintentional losses as well as losses due to passive components (eg, diodes) and active components (eg, other active / powered circuits).

[0122] Fig.14 is a motor control system 4400 for a surgical instrument according to the present disclosure. An electric surgical instrument similar to Figures 1 to 3 The motor control system 4300 is an example circuit implementation for controlling a motor 4410 of an electric surgical instrument. The motor control system 4400 is similar to Fig.11 and Fig.13, and similar components will not be described in detail for the sake of brevity and clarity of disclosure. According to the present disclosure, the motor control system 4400 may be located within the housing of the electric surgical instrument. The motor control system 4400 includes a first circuit portion 4401 operable at a first voltage level supplied by a voltage source 4402 and a second circuit portion 4403 operable at a second voltage level 4412. According to the present disclosure, the second voltage level 4412 may be different from the first voltage level supplied by the voltage source 4402. The voltage source 4402 of the electric surgical instrument supplies the first voltage level to power electronic / electrical components (such as the control circuit 4404) in the first circuit portion 4401. The first conduction terminal 4407 of the transistor 4406 is coupled to the voltage source 4402. The second conduction terminal 4409 of the transistor 4406 is coupled to the motor 4410 via transmission / parasitic losses 4408. The control circuit 4404 is coupled to the control terminal 4405 of the transistor 4406. The motor control system 4400 includes a first voltage monitoring circuit 4414 coupled to the motor 4410 to measure an input voltage applied to the motor 4410. The voltage monitoring circuit 4414 measures the voltage applied to the motor 4410. The motor control system 4400 includes a second voltage monitor 4416 coupled to the second conduction terminal 4409 of the transistor 4406 to measure the voltage of the voltage source 4402.

[0123] The differential voltage measured by the first voltage monitoring circuit 4414 and the second voltage monitoring circuit 4416 implements a current monitor to monitor the current supplied to the motor 4410. The control circuit 4404 receives the first voltage measured by the first voltage monitor circuit 4414 and the second voltage monitored by the second voltage monitor 4416 to derive the measured current to the motor 4410, and adjust the current based on the measured current. According to the present disclosure, the control circuit 4404 can monitor both the current and the voltage applied to the motor 4410. The control circuit 4404 stores the algorithm in a memory and actively monitors both the voltage level supplied by the voltage source 4402 and the second voltage level 4412 applied to the motor 4410 to provide a state of the current drawn by the motor 4410. The differential voltage is measured across the transmission / parasitic loss 4408, which acts as a shunt for the purpose of monitoring the current supplied to the motor 4410. This value can be characterized and calibrated to a known quantity during the manufacturing process to reduce the need to use a shunt resistor and thus save costs. For example, the transmission / parasitic losses 4408 may be characterized during manufacturing, and a current monitor implemented along with the differential voltage measured by the first voltage monitor circuit 4414 and the second voltage monitor circuit 4416 to measure the current supplied to the motor 4410. The control circuit 4404 adjusts the current and voltage applied to the motor 4410 based on the monitored voltage and current.

[0124] Examples of devices and methods according to various aspects of the present disclosure are provided below in the following numbered clauses. An aspect of a device or method may include any one or more than one of the following numbered clauses and any combination thereof.

[0125] Embodiment 1 - An electric surgical instrument, comprising: a first circuit portion, the first circuit portion being capable of operating at a first voltage level; a second circuit portion (4203, 4303, 4403), the second circuit portion being capable of operating at a second voltage level. The second voltage level is different from the first voltage level. The electric surgical instrument also comprises: a voltage source (4202, 4302, 4402), the voltage source supplying the first voltage level to supply power to an electrical component in the first circuit portion; a transistor (4206, 4306, 4406), the transistor comprising a control terminal (4205, 4305, 4405), a first conduction terminal (4207, 4307, 4407) and a second conduction terminal (4209, 4309, 4409). The first conduction terminal (4207, 4307, 4407) is coupled to the voltage source. The electric surgical instrument further includes a control circuit (100, 4000, 4204, 4304, 4404) coupled to the control terminal (4205, 4305, 4405) of the transistor (4206, 4306, 4406). The control circuit (100, 4000, 4204, 4304, 4404) sets the transistor (4206, 4306, 4406) to a linear mode and controls the transistor (4206, 4306, 4406) to set a current for operating a motor.

[0126] Example 2 - An electric surgical instrument according to Example 1, comprising a first voltage monitoring circuit (4314, 4414), which is coupled to the motor to measure the voltage applied to the motor, and wherein the control circuit is used to receive the measured voltage applied to the motor and adjust the second voltage level based on the measured voltage.

[0127] Example 3 - The electric surgical instrument of any one of Examples 1 to 2, comprising a second voltage monitor (4416) coupled to the second conduction terminal (4409) of the transistor to measure a voltage at the second conduction terminal of the transistor. The control circuit is configured to receive the voltage measured at the second conduction terminal of the transistor and to adjust the second voltage level based on the voltage measured at the second conduction terminal of the transistor.

[0128] Example 4 - The electric surgical instrument according to Example 3 includes a current monitor, the current monitor including the first voltage monitor and the second voltage monitor to measure the current supplied to the motor based on the differential voltage measured by the first voltage monitor and the second voltage monitor. The control circuit is used to receive the measured current supplied to the motor based on the differential voltage, and adjust the current supplied to the motor based on the measured current.

[0129] Example 5 - An electric surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 2 to 4, wherein the control circuit is used to compare the second voltage level with the voltage applied to the motor measured by the first voltage monitor, and to adjust the second voltage level based on the comparison.

[0130] Example 6 - An electric surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the control circuit is used to adjust the second voltage level based on a stored distribution curve of the motor.

[0131] Example 7 - According to any one of Examples 1 to 6, the electric surgical instrument also includes a motor (4210, 4310, 4410).

[0132] Example 8 - The electric surgical instrument according to Example 7 also includes a flux ring (4010) slidably arranged around the outer housing of the motor.

[0133] Example 9 - An electric surgical instrument according to Example 8, wherein the flux ring includes an evaporation chamber (4020).

[0134] Embodiment 10 - A method, comprising: providing a first voltage level to a first circuit portion (4201, 4301, 4401) by a voltage source (4202, 4302, 4402); setting a transistor (4206, 4306, 4406) to a linear mode by a control circuit (100, 4000, 4204, 4304, 4404); controlling the transistor by the control circuit to set a second voltage level to power a motor (4012, 4210, 4310, 4410) in a second circuit portion (4203, 4303, 4403), wherein the second voltage level is different from the first voltage level; and setting a current for the motor by the control circuit.

[0135] Example 11 - The method according to Example 10 also includes: measuring the voltage applied to the motor by a voltage monitoring circuit (4314, 4414); receiving the voltage applied to the motor measured by the voltage monitor by the control circuit; and adjusting the second voltage level by the control circuit based on the measured voltage.

[0136] Example 12 - The method according to Example 11 also includes: comparing the second voltage level with the voltage applied to the motor measured by the voltage monitor by the control circuit; and adjusting the second voltage level by the control circuit based on the comparison.

[0137] Example 13 - The method of any one of Examples 10 to 12, wherein adjusting the second voltage level is based on a stored profile of the motor.

[0138] Example 14 - The method according to any one of Examples 10 to 13 further includes: measuring the current to the motor by a current monitor; receiving the measured current by the control circuit; and adjusting the current by the control circuit based on the measured current.

[0139] Embodiment 15 - The method of Embodiment 14, wherein the control circuit compares the current to the measured current, and the control circuit adjusts the current based on the comparison.

[0140] Example 16 - An electric surgical instrument, comprising: a first circuit portion, the first circuit portion being capable of operating at a first voltage level; a second circuit portion, the second circuit portion being capable of operating at a second voltage level, wherein the second voltage level is different from the first voltage level; a voltage source, the voltage source supplying the first voltage level to supply power to an electrical component in the first circuit portion; a transistor, the transistor comprising a control terminal, a first conduction terminal, and a second conduction terminal. The first conduction terminal is coupled to the voltage source. The electric surgical instrument comprises a control circuit coupled to the control terminal of the transistor. The control circuit is used to set the transistor to a linear mode and control the transistor to set a current for operating a motor.

[0141] Example 17 - The electric surgical instrument of Example 16, comprising a first voltage monitor coupled to the motor to measure a voltage applied to the motor. The control circuit is configured to receive the measured voltage applied to the motor and to adjust the second voltage level based on the measured voltage.

[0142] Example 18 - The electric surgical instrument of Example 17, comprising a second voltage monitor coupled to the second conduction terminal of the transistor to measure the voltage at the second conduction terminal of the transistor. The control circuit is configured to receive the voltage measured at the second conduction terminal of the transistor and adjust the second voltage level based on the voltage measured at the second conduction terminal of the transistor.

[0143] Example 19 - The electric surgical instrument according to Example 18, comprising a current monitor, the current monitor comprising the first voltage monitor and the second voltage monitor to measure the current supplied to the motor based on the differential voltage measured by the first voltage monitor and the second voltage monitor. The control circuit is used to receive the measured current supplied to the motor based on the differential voltage, and to adjust the current supplied to the motor based on the measured current.

[0144] Example 20 - An electric surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 17 to 19, wherein the control circuit compares the second voltage level with the voltage applied to the motor measured by the first voltage monitor, and adjusts the second voltage level based on the comparison.

[0145] Example 21 - An electric surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 16 to 20, wherein the control circuit is used to adjust the second voltage level based on a stored distribution curve of the motor.

[0146] Example 22 - An electric surgical instrument according to any one of Examples 16 to 21, wherein the first voltage level is higher than the second voltage level or lower than the second voltage level.

[0147] Example 23 - An electric surgical instrument, comprising: a motor; a first circuit portion, the first circuit portion being capable of operating at a first voltage level; and a second circuit portion, the second circuit portion being capable of operating at a second voltage level. The second voltage level is different from the first voltage level. The electric surgical instrument comprises: a voltage source, the voltage source supplying the first voltage level to power electrical components in the first circuit portion; a transistor coupled to the voltage source and the motor; and a control circuit coupled to the transistor. The control circuit is used to control the transistor to set the second voltage level to supply power to the motor in the second circuit portion, and to control the transistor to set a current to the motor based on a torque of the motor.

[0148] Example 24 - The electric surgical instrument of Example 23 further includes a flux ring slidably disposed around the outer housing of the motor.

[0149] Example 25 - An electric surgical instrument according to Example 24, wherein the flux ring includes an evaporation chamber.

[0150] Example 26 - An electric surgical instrument according to Example 25, wherein the evaporation chamber includes a condenser, an evaporator, and a core coupled to the condenser and the evaporator, the core defining a cavity between the condenser and the evaporator, wherein a fluid is disposed in the cavity.

[0151] Embodiment 27 - An electric surgical instrument according to any one of Embodiments 23 to 26, comprising a voltage monitor coupled to the transistor and the motor. The voltage monitor measures the voltage applied to the motor. The control circuit is configured to receive the voltage applied to the motor by the voltage monitor and adjust the second voltage level based on the measured voltage.

[0152] Embodiment 28 - The electric surgical instrument of any one of Embodiments 23 to 27, comprising a current monitor coupled to the transistor to measure current. The control circuit is configured to receive the measured current and to adjust the current based on the measured current.

[0153] Example 29 - A method comprising: providing a first voltage level to a first circuit portion by a voltage source; setting a transistor to a linear mode by a control circuit; controlling the transistor by the control circuit to set a second voltage level to power a motor in a second circuit portion, wherein the second voltage level is different from the first voltage level; and setting a current for the motor by the control circuit.

[0154] Example 30 - The method according to Example 29 further includes: measuring the voltage applied to the motor by a voltage monitor; receiving the voltage applied to the motor measured by the voltage monitor by the control circuit; and adjusting the second voltage level by the control circuit based on the measured voltage.

[0155] Example 31 - The method according to Example 30 also includes: the control circuit comparing the second voltage level with the voltage applied to the motor measured by the voltage monitor; and the control circuit adjusting the second voltage level based on the comparison.

[0156] Embodiment 32 - The method of any one of Embodiments 29 to 31, wherein adjusting the second voltage level is based on a stored profile of the motor.

[0157] Example 33 - The method according to any one of Examples 29 to 32 further includes: measuring the current to the motor by a current monitor; receiving the measured current by the control circuit; and adjusting the current by the control circuit based on the measured current.

[0158] Embodiment 34 - The method according to any one of Embodiments 29 to 33 further includes: comparing the current with the measured current by the control circuit; and adjusting the current based on the comparison by the control circuit.

[0159] Embodiment 35 - The method according to any one of Embodiments 29 to 33 further includes: providing a heat flux ring around the motor to remove heat.

[0160] The above specific embodiments have been described in various forms of systems and / or processes using block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples. As long as such block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples contain one or more functions and / or operations, those skilled in the art will understand that each function and / or operation in such block diagrams, flow charts and / or examples can be implemented individually and / or collectively by a variety of hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the forms disclosed herein can be implemented equivalently in integrated circuits as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as any combination thereof in whole or in part, and according to the present disclosure, designing circuits and / or writing software and / or hardware codes will be within the technical scope of those skilled in the art. In addition, those skilled in the art will recognize that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein can be distributed as one or more program products in a variety of forms, and the illustrative forms of the subject matter described herein are applicable regardless of the specific type of signal-bearing medium used to actually distribute.

[0161] Instructions for programming logic to perform various disclosed aspects may be stored in a memory in the system, such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a cache, a flash memory, or other memory. In addition, the instructions may be distributed via a network or by other computer-readable media. Therefore, a machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a machine (e.g., computer) readable form, but is not limited to a floppy disk, an optical disk, a compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), and a magneto-optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a magnetic card or an optical card, a flash memory, or a tangible, machine-readable storage device used when transmitting information on the Internet via an electrical signal, an optical signal, an acoustic signal, or other form of propagation signal (e.g., a carrier wave, an infrared signal, a digital signal, etc.). Therefore, a non-transitory computer-readable medium includes any type of tangible machine-readable medium suitable for storing or transmitting electronic instructions or information in a machine (e.g., computer) readable form.

[0162] Any of the software components or functions described in this application may be implemented as software code to be executed by a processor using any suitable computer language (such as, for example, Python, Java, C++, or Perl), using, for example, conventional or object-oriented techniques. The software code may be stored as a series of instructions or commands on a computer-readable medium, such as RAM, ROM, magnetic media (such as a hard drive or floppy disk), or optical media (such as a CD-ROM). Any such computer-readable medium may reside on or within a single computing device, and may be present on or within different computing devices within a system or network.

[0163] As used in any aspect of this document, the term "logic" may refer to an application, software, firmware, and / or circuitry configured to perform any of the foregoing operations. Software may be embodied as a software package, code, instructions, instruction sets, and / or data recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Firmware may be embodied as code, instructions, instruction sets, and / or data hard-coded (e.g., non-volatile) in a memory device.

[0164] As used in any aspect of this document, the terms "component," "system," "module" and the like may refer to a computer-related entity, hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution.

[0165] As used in any aspect herein, an "algorithm" refers to a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result, wherein the "steps" refer to manipulations of physical quantities and / or logical states which may (but need not) take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. References to such signals are often made to bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, and the like. These and similar terms may be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to such quantities and / or states.

[0166] The network may include a packet switching network. The communication devices may be able to communicate with each other using the selected packet switching network communication protocol. An example communication protocol may include an Ethernet communication protocol that may allow communication using a transmission control protocol / Internet protocol (TCP / IP). The Ethernet protocol may comply with or be compatible with the Ethernet standard named "IEEE 802.3 Standard" issued by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in December 2008 and / or a higher version of this standard. Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may be able to communicate with each other using an X.25 communication protocol. The X.25 communication protocol may comply with or be compatible with the standard issued by the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may be able to communicate with each other using a frame relay communication protocol. The frame relay communication protocol may comply with or be compatible with the standard issued by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) and / or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Alternatively or additionally, the transceivers may be able to communicate with each other using an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) communication protocol. The ATM communication protocol may conform to or be compatible with the ATM standard entitled "ATM-MPLS Network Interworking 2.0" published by the ATM Forum in August 2001 and / or later versions of the standard. Of course, different and / or later developed connection-oriented network communication protocols are also contemplated herein.

[0167] Unless otherwise expressly indicated in the above disclosure, it is to be understood that throughout this disclosure, terms such as "processing", "computing", "calculating", "determining", "displaying" and the like are used to refer to the actions and processes of a computer system or similar electronic computing device that manipulates data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories and transforms the data into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system's memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.

[0168] One or more components may be referred to herein as "configured to be able to", "configurable to be able to", "operable / operably", "suitable / adaptable to", "able to", "conformable / conform to", etc. Those skilled in the art will recognize that, unless the context indicates otherwise, "configured to be able to" may generally cover components in an active state and / or components in an inactive state and / or components in a standby state.

[0169] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in general, the terms used herein, and in particular in the appended claims (e.g., the body of the appended claims), are generally intended to be "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least", the term "comprising" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", etc.). Those skilled in the art will also understand that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such intent will be explicitly stated in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation, no such intent is present. For example, to aid understanding, the following appended claims may contain use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more than one" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed as implying that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to claims containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more than one" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should generally be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more than one"); this also applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. The singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0170] In addition, even if a specific number of claim recitations is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should generally be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., a bare recitation of "two recitations" without other modifiers generally means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). In addition, in those cases where a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, generally, such construction is intended to have the meaning that those skilled in the art will understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" will include, but is not limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those cases where a convention similar to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, generally, such construction is intended to have the meaning that those skilled in the art will understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" will include, but is not limited to, systems having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). Those skilled in the art will also understand that, generally, unless the context indicates otherwise, transitional words and / or phrases presenting two or more alternative terms in the detailed description, claims, or drawings should be understood to include the possibility of including one of the terms, any one of the terms, or both of the terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will generally be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B" or "A and B".

[0171] For the appended claims, those skilled in the art will understand that the operations described therein may generally be performed in any order. In addition, although various operational flow charts are presented in one or more sequences, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders different from the illustrated order, or the various operations may be performed simultaneously. Unless the context otherwise dictates, examples of such alternative orderings may include overlapping, interleaved, interrupted, reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplementary, simultaneous, reverse, or other altered orderings. In addition, unless the context otherwise dictates, terms such as "responsive to," "related to," or other past tense adjectives are generally not intended to exclude such variations.

[0172] It is worth mentioning that any reference to "one aspect", "an aspect", "an example", or "an example" means that the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in conjunction with the aspect are included in at least one aspect. Therefore, the phrases "in one aspect", "in an aspect", "in an example", or "in an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same aspect. In addition, specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more aspects.

[0173] It is noted that any reference signs included in the appended claims are used to reference exemplary embodiments / elements described in the present disclosure. Therefore, any such reference signs are not meant to limit the scope of the subject matter recited in the appended claims.

[0174] Any patent application, patent, non-patent publication or other public material referred to in this specification and / or listed in any Application Data Sheet is incorporated herein by reference to the extent that the incorporated material is inconsistent herewith. Therefore, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure explicitly listed herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material or portion thereof that is alleged to be incorporated herein by reference but conflicts with existing definitions, statements or other public material listed herein will be incorporated only to the extent that there is no conflict between the incorporated material and the existing public material. None is admitted to be prior art.

[0175] In summary, many of the benefits resulting from the adoption of the concepts described herein have been described. For purposes of illustration and description, one or more of the above specific embodiments have been provided. These specific embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the precise forms disclosed by the invention. The invention may be modified or varied in accordance with the above teachings. The one or more forms selected and described are intended to illustrate the principles and practical applications, thereby enabling one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize various forms and various modifications suitable for the intended specific use. The claims filed herewith are intended to define the full scope.

Claims

1. An electric surgical instrument, comprising: a first circuit portion (4201, 4301, 4401) capable of operating at a first voltage level; a second circuit portion (4203, 4303, 4403) capable of operating at a second voltage level, wherein the second voltage level is different from the first voltage level; a voltage source (4202, 4302, 4402) that supplies the first voltage level to supply power to electrical components in the first circuit portion; a transistor (4206, 4306, 4406), the transistor comprising a control terminal (4205, 4305, 4405), a first conduction terminal (4207, 4307, 4407) and a second conduction terminal (4209, 4309, 4409), wherein the first conduction terminal (4207, 4307, 4407) is coupled to the voltage source; A control circuit (100, 4000, 4204, 4304, 4404), the control circuit being coupled to the control terminal (4205, 4305, 4405) of the transistor (4206, 4306, 4406), the control circuit (100, 4000, 4204, 4304, 4404) being used to: Setting the transistors (4206, 4306, 4406) to a linear mode; and Control the transistors (4206, 4306, 4406) to Sets the current used to operate the motor (4012, 4210, 4310, 4410).

2. The electric surgical instrument according to claim 1, comprising: a first voltage monitoring circuit (4314, 4414) coupled to the motor to measure a voltage applied to the motor; and Wherein, the control circuit is used to: receiving a measured voltage applied to the motor; as well as The second voltage level is adjusted based on the measured voltage.

3. The electric surgical instrument according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: a second voltage monitor (4416) coupled to the second conduction terminal (4409) of the transistor to measure a voltage at the second conduction terminal of the transistor; and Wherein, the control circuit is used to: receiving the voltage measured at the second conduction terminal of the transistor; as well as The second voltage level is adjusted based on the voltage measured at the second conduction terminal of the transistor.

4. The electric surgical instrument according to claim 3, comprising: a current monitor including the first voltage monitor and the second voltage monitor to measure a current supplied to the motor based on a differential voltage measured by the first voltage monitor and the second voltage monitor; and Wherein, the control circuit is used to: receiving a measured current supplied to the motor based on the differential voltage; as well as The current supplied to the motor is adjusted based on the measured current.

5. An electric surgical instrument according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein: The control circuit is used to: comparing the second voltage level to the voltage applied to the motor measured by the first voltage monitor; as well as The second voltage level is adjusted based on the comparison.

6. An electric surgical instrument according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein: The control circuit is configured to adjust the second voltage level based on a stored profile of the motor.

7. The electric surgical instrument of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, further comprising a motor (4210, 4310, 4410).

8. The electric surgical instrument of claim 7, further comprising a flux ring (4010) slidably disposed around the outer housing of the motor.

9. The electric surgical instrument according to claim 8, wherein: The flux ring includes an evaporation chamber (4020).

10. A method comprising: A voltage source (4202, 4302, 4402) provides a first voltage level to a first circuit portion (4201, 4301, 4401); The control circuit (100, 4000, 4204, 4304, 4404) sets the transistor (4206, 4306, 4406) to a linear mode; controlling the transistor by the control circuit to set a second voltage level to power a motor (4012, 4210, 4310, 4410) in a second circuit portion (4203, 4303, 4403), wherein the second voltage level is different from the first voltage level; and The current for the motor is set by the control circuit.

11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: measuring a voltage applied to the motor by a voltage monitoring circuit (4314, 4414); receiving, by the control circuit, the voltage applied to the motor as measured by a voltage monitor; as well as The second voltage level is adjusted by the control circuit based on the measured voltage.

12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising: comparing, by the control circuit, the second voltage level with the voltage applied to the motor measured by the voltage monitor; as well as The second voltage level is adjusted by the control circuit based on the comparison.

13. The method according to claim 10, 11 or 12, wherein: Adjusting the second voltage level is based on a stored profile for the motor.

14. The method of claim 10, 11, 12 or 13, further comprising: measuring the current flowing into the motor by a current monitor; receiving, by the control circuit, the measured current; as well as The current is adjusted by the control circuit based on the measured current.

15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising: comparing, by the control circuit, the current with the measured current; as well as The current is adjusted by the control circuit based on the comparison.

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