A method of ring forging

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of annular forgings forging process method, belongs to annular forgings forging technical field, and its technical scheme main points are as follows: a. blanking: raw material is detected after passing, is input heating furnace and is heated;B. pre-forging: the billet after heating is laid on the forging die and is flattened, and pre-forging cavity is set on the forging die, the billet after flattening is placed in pre-forging cavity and is pre-forged, and preliminary forging is formed;C. punching: after pre-forging, annular forgings is placed to composite die and is punched, and after removing the metal of the part in the middle of the skin, it is heated in the furnace;D. final forging: after heating in the furnace, annular forgings is placed in final forging cavity on the forging die and is finally forged;E. edge cutting: after final forging, composite die is used to cut the edge of the forging;F. sand blasting and polishing: the billet after final forging is sand blasted and polished.The scheme can realize the semi-forming of forging, shorten the production cycle, improve the production efficiency and have high quality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ring forging technology, in particular to a ring forging process. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the forging of ring forgings, according to the law of minimum resistance, when the forging body has been completely filled, the excess metal of the skin rapidly flows to the forging edge and drives the metal near it to flow to the forging edge, causing the two streams of metal to converge, resulting in the generation of through-flow, thereby affecting the forging quality of the forging. The existing ring forging process is designed as two fires and one correction to prevent through-flow, that is, after the first heating and forging, the excess metal of the skin is removed by edge cutting, and then sand blasting and polishing are performed for heating, and then the second heating and forging are performed, and then the edge cutting and punching are performed, and then the sand blasting and polishing are performed for heating, and then the correction is performed, and then the sand blasting and polishing are performed for heat treatment, and then after the physical and chemical treatment, the final product is obtained after detection. This process not only has a complex process, but also has more burrs after correction, which requires multiple polishing to remove, resulting in increased polishing amount, high polishing difficulty, difficult to control by manual labor, easy to cause local size to exceed the specification or defects, and high scrap rate. Therefore, a ring forging process is provided. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a ring forging process, which can realize one-fire semi-forming of the forging, shorten the production cycle, improve the production efficiency and has high quality.

[0004] The above technical purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical scheme: a ring forging process, comprising the following steps:

[0005] a. blanking: after the raw material is detected to be qualified, it is put into a heating furnace for heating;

[0006] b. pre-forging: the heated blank is laid flat on a forging die for flattening, and a pre-forging cavity is set on the forging die, the flattened blank is placed in the pre-forging cavity for pre-forging to preliminarily form an initial forging;

[0007] c. punching: after pre-forging, the ring forging is placed on a composite die for punching a small hole, and the excess metal in the middle of the skin is removed and then reheated;

[0008] d. finish forging: the ring forging reheated is placed in a finish forging cavity on the forging die for finish forging;

[0009] e. edge cutting and punching: after the ring forging is finish forged, a composite die is used for edge cutting and punching operation on the forging;

[0010] f. sand blasting polishing: the blank after finish forging is sand blasted, then heat treated, and after heat treatment, sand blasting, physical and chemical treatment, finally the finished product is made and detected and stored.

[0011] In some embodiments, the forging die comprises the pre-forging cavity and the finish-forging cavity, the pre-forging cavity and the finish-forging cavity are arranged in a central symmetry, and the die also comprises a burr groove, the burr groove is provided with a flattening groove, and the burr groove is provided with a material blocking table.

[0012] In some embodiments, the finish-forging cavity is provided with a material storage bin.

[0013] In some embodiments, the small hole punching of the pre-forged ring-shaped forging in step c and the edge cutting and hole punching of the finish-forged ring-shaped forging in step e are combined on the compound die.

[0014] In some embodiments, the compound die comprises a male die and a female die, the male die is installed on a punch, the male die is provided with an edge cutting and hole punching punch and a pre-forging hole punching punch, the female die is provided with a finish-forging edge and a pre-forging edge, the female die is provided with a hole punching punch at the position of the finish-forging edge, and the bottom of the hole punching punch is provided with a blocking ring.

[0015] In some embodiments, the middle part of the hole punching punch is provided with a groove, and the female die is provided with a discharging frame above the pre-forging edge.

[0016] In some embodiments, the female die further comprises a positioning mechanism, the positioning mechanism is located at the side of the finish-forging edge, the positioning mechanism comprises two positioning tooth plates, the positioning tooth plates are engaged with a gear rod, the gear rod is rotationally connected with the female die, and the gear rod is fixedly connected with a handle.

[0017] In some embodiments, the die and auxiliary tools are preheated before forging, the preheating temperature is 350 DEG C, and the preheating time is greater than or equal to 1.5 hours.

[0018] In summary, the present application has the following advantages:

[0019] The present application replaces the two-fire one-calibration forming mode of the original process by the pre-forging and finish-forging forging mode, designs a pre-forging cavity and optimizes a finish-forging cavity, thereby reducing the resistance of the excess metal of the forging skin along the outer contour of the forging, preventing the generation of the outer contour flow of the forging, and improving the quality of the ring-shaped forging.

[0020] The composite die is also used for punching the pre-forged workpiece to remove the excess metal in the skin middle, replaces the original process of cutting the edge after the first fire, and the workpiece after the final forging is cut and punched, replaces the original process of cutting the edge after the second die forging, and then punching the edge, realizes the semi-forging of the workpiece after the first fire, reduces the fire times, simplifies the process, shortens the production cycle, has low scrap rate and improves the production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The process flowchart of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0022] Figure 2 The top view of the forging die of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0023] Figure 3 The three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the forging die of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0024] Figure 4 The structure schematic diagram of the final forging cavity of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0025] Figure 5 The overall structure schematic diagram of the composite die of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0026] Figure 6 The pre-forging schematic diagram of the ring-shaped workpiece of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0027] Figure 7 The final forging schematic diagram of the ring-shaped workpiece of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0028] Figure 8 The overall structure schematic diagram of the male die of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0029] Figure 9 The overall structure schematic diagram of the female die of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0030] Figure 10 The sectional view of the composite die of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0031] Figure 11 The overall structure schematic diagram of the positioning mechanism of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0032] In the figure: 1, forging die; 11, pre-forging cavity; 12, final forging cavity; 121, storage bin; 13, flattening groove; 14, burr groove; 15, material blocking table; 2, male die; 21, edge cutting and punching punch; 22, pre-forging punching head; 3, female die; 31, edge cutting and punching punch; 32, pre-forging blade; 4, unloading rack; 5, punching head; 51, blocking ring; 6, pre-forged ring-shaped workpiece; 7, final forged ring-shaped workpiece; 8, positioning mechanism; 81, toothed plate; 82, gear rod; 83, handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] With reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0034] Referring to Figures 1-11 A ring-shaped forging forging process, comprising the following steps:

[0035] a. blanking: the raw material will be reduced from Φ40x60 to Φ40x45 specification, reduce the material cost while facilitating the pre-forging directly hit, reduce the metal flow amount of the intermediate skin in the blank, after testing qualified, put into the heating furnace with a temperature of 1160℃±20 for heating;

[0036] b. pre-forging: lay the heated blank flat on the flattening groove 13 of the forging die 1 to flatten to 16mm thick, and set the pre-forging cavity 11 on the forging die 1, put the flattened blank into the pre-forging cavity 11 for pre-forging, initially form the initial forging, i.e. the ring-shaped forging 6 after pre-forging;

[0037] c. punching: after pre-forging, place the ring-shaped forging on the pre-forging blade edge 32 on the compound die to punch a small hole, remove the excess metal in the middle skin, thereby reducing the projection area of the forging, improving the flowability of the metal to the middle skin of the ring-shaped forging, facilitating the subsequent final forging directly hit (the forging die 1 is provided with two, the hit is to make the die surfaces of the two forging dies 1 as close as possible, and the vertical under-pressure amount of the ring-shaped forging is as small as possible), and then reheat for 10 minutes;

[0038] d. final forging: put the reheated ring-shaped forging into the final forging cavity 12 on the forging die 1 for final forging to form the ring-shaped forging 7 after final forging;

[0039] e. edge cutting: after the ring-shaped forging is finally forged, use the edge cutting punch 21 on the compound die to perform edge cutting operation on the ring-shaped forging 7 after final forging;

[0040] f. sandblasting and polishing: sandblast and polish the ring-shaped forging 7 after final forging, then perform heat treatment, sandblast after heat treatment, and finally make the finished product and detect it into the warehouse.

[0041] In some embodiments, the forging die 1 includes a pre-forging cavity 11 and a final forging cavity 12, which are centrally symmetrically arranged. It also includes a burr groove 14, which is provided with a flattening groove 13 and a material blocking platform 15. During use, the operator places the billet on the flattening groove 13 and flattens it to 16mm. Then, it is placed on the pre-forging cavity 11. The pre-forging cavity 11 and the final forging cavity 12 are centrally symmetrically arranged to ensure a consistent forging environment. This not only saves forging die resources but also ensures the surface quality of the annular forging. The material blocking platform 15 increases the resistance of excess metal from the connecting skin of the annular forging flowing directly to the burr groove 14, preventing the generation of small ribs (i.e., the outer contour of the annular forging) through the flow. The design of the pre-forging cavity 11 requires a cross-sectional equivalent analysis of the annular forging to ensure that the pre-forged annular forging 6 formed by the pre-forging cavity 11 is connected at a four-degree angle from the connecting skin core to the body. The radius of the transition fillet between the connecting skin and the body is 5mm, thereby reducing the resistance of excess metal from the connecting skin flowing along the small ribs (the outer contour of the forging). Both the pre-forging and final forging of the annular forging are done using two forging dies 1.

[0042] In some embodiments, a storage bin 121 is provided on the final forging cavity 12. The storage bin 121 is 7mm thick and stores excess metal with the skin attached, effectively preventing the generation of small ribs (i.e., the outer contour of the annular forging) during the final forging process.

[0043] In some embodiments, the punching of small holes in the pre-forged annular forging in step c and the trimming and punching of the annular forging after final forging in step e are performed in a combined operation on a composite die. This simultaneous operation can accelerate the production progress of annular forgings, reduce forging steps, and increase the output of annular forgings.

[0044] In some embodiments, the composite mold comprises a male mold 2 and a female mold 3, the male mold 2 is installed on a punch, the male mold 2 is provided with a trimming and punching punch 21 and a pre-forging punching punch 22, the female mold 3 is provided with a finish-forging blade opening 31 and a pre-forging blade opening 32, the female mold 3 is provided with a punching punch 5 at the position of the finish-forging blade opening 31, and the bottom of the punching punch 5 is provided with a retaining ring 51. When punching the pre-forged annular forging 6, the operator places the pre-forged annular forging 6 on the pre-forging blade opening 32 using an auxiliary tool, and then drives the pre-forging punching punch 22 in the male mold 2 by the existing punch to press down and punch the pre-forged annular forging 6, so as to remove the excess part of the metal in the middle of the skin, thereby reducing the projection area of the forging, improving the flowability of the metal to the middle skin of the annular forging, and facilitating the direct hitting of the subsequent finish-forging; when trimming the finish-forged annular forging 7, the operator places the finish-forged annular forging 7 on the punching punch 5 in the finish-forging blade opening 31 using an auxiliary tool, and the pre-forged annular forging 6 and the finish-forged annular forging 7 are both provided with burrs (not shown in the drawing), and then the operator controls the existing punch to drive the trimming and punching punch 21 in the male mold 2 to trim the finish-forged annular forging 7, so as to remove the middle part and the surrounding burr part of the finish-forged annular forging 7, and obtain the final annular forging, and finally obtain the final product after a series of deburring, sandblasting and polishing treatments.

[0045] In some embodiments, the middle part of the punching punch 5 is provided with a groove, and the female mold 3 is provided with a discharging rack 4 above the pre-forging blade opening 32. After the punching punch 5 punches the hole in the middle skin of the pre-forged annular forging 6, the punching punch 5 will lift the pre-forged annular forging 6 due to thermal expansion and cold contraction of the metal, and the discharging rack 4 can block the pre-forged annular forging 6 from moving upward, so as to separate the pre-forged annular forging 6 from the punching punch 5 and discharge the pre-forged annular forging 6.

[0046] In some embodiments, the female die 3 further comprises a positioning mechanism 8 located on the side of the finish-forging edge 31, the positioning mechanism 8 comprises two positioning tooth plates 81, gear rods 82 are engaged on the positioning tooth plates 81, the gear rods 82 are rotationally connected with the female die 3, and a handle 83 is fixedly connected on the gear rods 82. After the punching head 5 is placed on the female die 3, the operator controls the two gear rods 82 to rotate, so that the two tooth plates 81 move towards each other into the finish-forging edge 31 and clamp the punching head 5, thereby realizing the positioning of the punching head 5. Not only can the punching head 5 be quickly placed, but also the punching head 5 can be prevented from being skewed during placement, causing errors during punching and affecting the quality of the annular forging. When the annular forging is forged, the operator rotates the two gear rods 82 to move the two tooth plates 81 away from each other, so that the punching head 5 is not hindered in the finish-forging edge 31 during punching. After the punching is completed, due to the pressure change during punching, the trimming and punching punch 21 will move upward together with the punching head 5. After the trimming and punching punch 21 moves out of the range of the finish-forging edge 31, the operator controls the two gear rods 82 to rotate, so that the two tooth plates 81 move into the finish-forging edge 31 again. With the movement of the punching head 5, the blocking ring 51 on the punching head 5 is blocked by the two tooth plates 81, so that the punching head 5 is pulled off from the trimming and punching punch 21 and returns to the initial position for punching the next annular forging. This cycle is very convenient to operate, and the punching head 5 does not need to be manually pulled off with a tool, thereby improving the punching efficiency and increasing the production progress of the annular forging.

[0047] In some embodiments, the mold and auxiliary tools are preheated before opening forging, the preheating temperature is 350°C, and the preheating time is ≥1.5 hours. If the mold and auxiliary tools are not preheated before forging, the temperature during forging of the forged piece is likely to be insufficient, affecting the forging quality of the forged piece and increasing the failure rate of forging.

[0048] In some embodiments, the initial forging temperature of the pre-forging process in step b and the final forging temperature of the finish-forging process in step d are 1160°C, and the final forging temperature is ≥850°C. The initial forging temperature in steps b and d is the same, which ensures the consistency of the forging conditions and avoids defects in the surface quality and internal organization of the forged piece during the forging process due to different temperatures, thereby producing a shunt effect and affecting the quality of the forged piece.

[0049] It should be noted that the above parameters are parameters set for the retaining ring forging during forging. During actual forging, the parameters required for different forgings are not the same, and the operator can set the parameters according to different forgings.

[0050] The specific embodiments are only an explanation of the present application, and are not a limitation of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make modifications to the embodiments without creative contribution after reading the specification, as long as the modifications are within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of ring forging, the method comprising: It comprises the following steps: ​ a. blanking: after the raw material is detected, it is put into the heating furnace for heating; b. pre-forging: the heated blank is laid flat on the forging die for flattening, and a pre-forging cavity is set on the forging die, the flattened blank is put into the pre-forging cavity for pre-forging, and an annular forging is preliminarily formed; c. punching: after pre-forging, the annular forging is placed on the compound die to punch small holes, and the excess metal in the skin is removed and reheated; d. finish forging: the reheated annular forging is put into the finish forging cavity on the forging die for finish forging; e. trimming and punching: after finish forging, the annular forging is trimmed and punched by the compound die; f. sand blasting and polishing: the annular forging after finish forging is sand blasted and polished, then heat treated, and after sand blasting and chemical treatment, the finished product is made and detected and stored; The forging die comprises the pre-forging cavity (11) and the finish forging cavity (12), the pre-forging cavity (11) and the finish forging cavity (12) are centrally symmetrically arranged, and the die also comprises a burr groove (14), the burr groove (14) is provided with a flattening groove (13), and the burr groove (14) is provided with a resistance material table (15) capable of increasing the resistance of the excess metal of the annular forging skin directly flowing to the burr groove (14); The finish forging cavity (12) is provided with a storage bin (121) capable of storing excess metal of the skin; The small hole punching of the annular forging after pre-forging in step c and the trimming and punching of the annular forging after finish forging in step e are combined on the compound die; The compound die comprises a male die (2) and a female die (3), the male die (2) is installed on a punch, the male die (2) is provided with a trimming and punching punch (21) and a pre-forging punch (22), the female die (3) is provided with a finish forging edge (31) and a pre-forging edge (32), and the female die (3) is provided with a punching head (5) at the position of the finish forging edge (31), and the bottom of the punching head (5) is provided with a retaining ring (51); The female die (3) further comprises a positioning mechanism (8), the positioning mechanism (8) is located on the side of the finish forging edge (31), the positioning mechanism (8) comprises two positioning tooth plates (81), the positioning tooth plates (81) are engaged with gear rods (82), the gear rods (82) are rotatably connected with the female die (3), and the gear rods (82) are fixedly connected with handles (83), by controlling the rotation of the two gear rods (82), the two positioning tooth plates (81) move towards each other, enter the finish forging edge (31) and clamp the punching head (5).

2. A method of ring forging according to claim 1, wherein: The middle part of the punching head (5) is provided with a groove, and the female die (3) is provided with a discharging rack (4) above the pre-forging edge (32).

3. A method of ring forging according to claim 1, wherein: The mold and auxiliary tools are preheated before forging, the preheating temperature is 350℃, and the preheating time is ≥1.5 hours.

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