Tensioning device and tensioning method

Abstract

The invention relates to a tensioning device and a tensioning method, and belongs to the technical field of engineering machinery rope coiling. The tensioning device comprises a rack assembly, at least two tensioning discs, a rotating shaft and a brake damping piece. The tensioning disc is used for winding or unwinding a rope, a rotating shaft is arranged in the brake shell, and the brake damping piece provides damping to tension the rope in the no-load state or the state smaller than a set load value and cancels damping to avoid the load in the heavy-load state or the state larger than the set load value. The invention further provides a hoisting machine comprising the tensioning device and a tensioning method. Torque energy is released through cooperation of the coil spring and the overrun clutch to assist no-load hook falling and rope releasing, and the operation efficiency is improved; through the cooperative use of the friction plate assembly, the piston and the brake oil port, the tensioning force is automatically adjusted, the problems of rope deformation and wire breakage are avoided, and the device has the advantages that the rope winding quality is improved, the tensioning force is automatically adjusted, the maintenance cost is reduced, the operation efficiency is improved, and the structural stability is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery rope coiling, and in particular to a tensioning device and a tensioning method. Background Art

[0002] The lifting mechanism is an indispensable key mechanism for cranes and other lifting machinery to realize their functions, and winches, cables and other cables are indispensable key components in the lifting mechanism. When the lifting mechanism is working normally, under the condition of lifting heavy objects, the winch is provided with its torque by the motor or motor to neatly and orderly store and wind the cables and other cables on its own drum structure. Under the condition of lowering heavy objects, the winch is provided with its reverse torque by the motor or motor to neatly and orderly release the cables and other cables from its own drum structure.

[0003] However, in the current application process, there has always been an industry failure problem in the lifting mechanism that has not been solved. There are two failure phenomena: First, due to the inherent flexibility of the rope itself, the degree of contraction of its cross-sectional area is different when it is stretched under heavy load and light load, resulting in a large difference in rope diameter. The design rope groove diameter and other dimensions of the winch drum are fixed and optimally matched with a certain rope diameter of the rope and other cables. This will cause the rope and other cables to be wound on the winch. There are problems such as uneven winding, tangled ropes, and trapped ropes, and more seriously, deformation and broken wires of ropes and other cables. Second, there is a rope-collecting condition when the lifting machinery is not lifting heavy objects and is unloaded. At this time, the tension of ropes and other cables is small, and they are loose when wound on the drum of the winch. This will cause the upper layer of ropes to sink into the lower layer when multiple layers are wound, resulting in dangerous ropes, squeezed ropes, and tangled ropes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device that can ensure that ropes and other cables have a certain tension when the lifting machinery is lightly loaded or unloaded and the winch is reeling in the rope to ensure the consistency of the diameter of the ropes and other cables and that they are neat, dense and tight when wound around the winch drum. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a tensioning device and a tensioning method, which can provide uniform and linearly adjustable tensioning force when collecting the rope with light load or no load through at least two tensioning plates and a brake damping member, thereby avoiding rope deformation and wire breakage, and also through the cooperation of a winding spring and an overrunning clutch to release the torque energy to assist in releasing the hook and the rope with no load, thereby improving the working efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a tensioning device, comprising:

[0006] Rack components;

[0007] At least two tensioning discs, the tensioning discs are used to wind or release the cable, the inner wall of each tensioning disc is correspondingly provided with a brake housing, one end of the brake housing is connected to the frame assembly, and the tensioning disc is rotatably connected to the brake housing;

[0008] A rotating shaft, which is correspondingly arranged in the brake housing, and one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the frame assembly;

[0009] The brake damping member is arranged between the rotating shaft and the brake housing, and is configured to provide damping to tension the rope when the hoisting machinery is unloaded or the load is less than a set load value, and to cancel the damping to avoid the load when the hoisting machinery is overloaded or the load is greater than the set load value.

[0010] Furthermore, the frame assembly includes a base plate, a first frame and a second frame, wherein the first frame and the second frame are arranged in parallel and are respectively fixed to two ends of the base plate, wherein the brake housing is fixed to the inner wall of the first frame, and a support seat is fixed to the inner wall of the second frame.

[0011] Furthermore, one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first frame, and the other end is provided with an overrunning clutch. The inner ring of the overrunning clutch is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the outer ring of the overrunning clutch is fixed with a coil spring mounting seat. The overrunning clutch is configured to allow the rotating shaft to rotate in the same direction as the coil spring mounting seat in the rope-releasing direction, and to be relatively stationary with the coil spring mounting seat in the rope-collecting direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the tensioning device further comprises:

[0013] A coil spring, the inner ring of which is fixedly connected to the coil spring mounting seat, and the outer ring of the coil spring is fixedly connected to the tensioning disc;

[0014] When the rope is collected, the friction force of the rope drives the tensioning disk to rotate, and the tensioning disk drives the coil spring to tighten and wind to store force. The coil spring after storing force continues to drive the rotation of the overrunning clutch. When the rope is released, the coil spring releases the stored force to accelerate the release of the rope.

[0015] Furthermore, the brake damping member specifically includes:

[0016] A friction plate assembly, the friction plate assembly comprising a static friction plate and a dynamic friction plate, the two being alternately arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, the static friction plate being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the brake housing, and the dynamic friction plate being fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft;

[0017] A piston is arranged at an end of the friction plate assembly close to the first frame, a spring is sleeved on the piston, a spring support is arranged on the inner wall of the first frame, the spring is abutted against the spring support, a sealed cavity is reserved between the piston and the brake housing to form a brake oil port, and a brake oil channel opened on the brake housing delivers pressure oil to the brake oil port to provide pressure, so as to push the piston to move toward the first frame;

[0018] When there is no pressure oil in the brake oil port, the piston abuts against the friction plate assembly to provide pressure, thereby increasing the tension of the cable;

[0019] After the brake oil passage delivers pressure oil to the brake oil port, the piston is pushed by the pressure oil to move toward the first frame to release the pressure on the friction plate assembly, thereby reducing the tension of the cable.

[0020] Furthermore, the frame assembly also includes an end cover fixedly connected to the brake housing, and the end of the brake oil channel is arranged on the end cover.

[0021] Furthermore, a mounting groove is provided at the end of the tensioning disk to adapt to the coil spring, and a support disk is sleeved on one end of the support seat close to the coil spring, and the support disk is connected to the tensioning disk to limit the coil spring.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a lifting machine including the tensioning device according to the first aspect, comprising:

[0023] A crane arm, with an arm head pulley at the top, a tensioning device fixed on the side wall, a turntable at the bottom, and a winch on the side wall of the turntable;

[0024] A rope with a hook at the end;

[0025] The cable is released by the winch and then wound into a tensioning disc of the tensioning device, wound and released from another tensioning disc, and then connected to the hook through the arm pulley;

[0026] When the rope is released or collected, the tensioning disc is driven to rotate by the friction force of the rope.

[0027] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a tensioning method, comprising the following:

[0028] When the hoisting machinery is unloaded or the load is less than the set load value, the brake oil port has no pressure oil, the friction static plate and the friction dynamic plate are tightly fitted under the pressure of the spring and the piston, providing the tension of the rope, and the rope is wound around the winch. The rope drives the tensioning disk to rotate due to the friction force, and drives the winding spring to rotate and tighten and store force until the unloaded rope collection is completed;

[0029] When the lifting machinery is unloaded or the load is less than the set load value to drop the hook and release the rope, there is no pressure oil in the brake oil port, and the coil spring releases the torque energy after storing force to provide the rope propulsion force to assist the winch in releasing the rope. After the torque energy of the coil spring is completely released, the rope relies on inertia to cooperate with the overrunning clutch to rotate in the opposite direction to continue to drop the hook and release the rope.

[0030] Furthermore, the tensioning method also includes the following cases:

[0031] When the hoisting machinery is overloaded or the load value is greater than the set value, the pressure is provided through the brake oil port, there is no pressure between the friction static plate and the friction dynamic plate, and the tensioning device does not have a tensioning effect to avoid load;

[0032] When the hoisting machinery is overloaded or the load value is greater than the set load value, the overrunning clutch rotates in the reverse direction to achieve resistance-free hook dropping and rope release.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) The present invention provides a uniform and linearly adjustable tensioning force when the rope is collected under light load or no load by providing at least two tensioning discs and a brake damping member, thereby ensuring that the rope maintains a consistent diameter and is neatly and densely arranged when wound on the winch drum, thereby effectively avoiding problems such as uneven winding, tangled ropes, and rope trapping, and reducing the risk of rope deformation and wire breakage.

[0035] (2) The present invention uses a piston and a brake oil port in combination, and can adjust the tensioning force according to the size of the load. When it is necessary to provide tensioning force for the cable, the friction force of the friction plate assembly provides the tensioning force; when it is not necessary to provide tensioning force for the cable, the dynamic friction plate is separated from the static friction plate by injecting pressurized oil, thereby reducing the load on the winch. In this way, it can be flexibly adjusted according to actual working conditions, thereby improving the adaptability and safety of the operation.

[0036] (3) The present invention utilizes the torque energy stored in the coil spring to assist in lowering the rope when the hook is unloaded or lightly loaded. The stored force of the coil spring is released to the rope to push it down, thereby solving the problem of difficulty, poor or even inability to release the rope when the hook is unloaded in the prior art.

[0037] (4) The present invention eliminates hydraulic system components such as pumps, valves, and high-pressure pipelines, thereby reducing system complexity and maintenance costs. The use of a friction plate assembly as a mechanical brake damping structure is simple and reliable, easy to arrange, and low in cost.

[0038] (5) The tensioning device and method of the present invention are applicable to various working conditions such as light load, no load and heavy load, and have wide applicability. In particular, when the rope is collected at no load or less than the set load value, the brake damping member applies continuous tension to the rope wound between the tensioning discs, and when the rope is released at no load or less than the set load value, the auxiliary effect of the coil spring can make the rope lowered smoothly, thereby improving the convenience and safety of operation.

[0039] In summary, the tensioning device and tensioning method of the present invention have significant beneficial effects in improving the rope winding quality, automatically adjusting the tensioning force, reducing maintenance costs, improving operating efficiency and enhancing structural stability. They are suitable for lifting machinery under various working conditions and have good market application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a tensioning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a lifting machine for a tensioning device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a partial assembly of a tensioning device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a friction plate assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Rope; 2. Hook; 3. Lifting arm; 4. Turntable; 5. Winch; 6. Tensioning device; 7. Boom head pulley; 6-1. Tensioning plate; 6-2. First bearing; 6-3. Brake housing; 6-4. Brake oil port; 6-5. Spring; 6-6. Piston; 6-7. Second bearing; 6-8. End cover; 6-9. Rotating shaft; 6-10. Friction plate assembly; 6-10-1. Friction static plate; 6-10-2. Friction moving plate; 6-11. First frame; 6-12. Coil spring; 6-13. Coil spring mounting seat; 6-14. Overrunning clutch; 6-15. Support seat; 6-16. Third bearing; 6-17. Support plate; 6-18. Second frame; 6-19. Bottom plate; 6-20. Interference pin; 6-21. Top plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "axial", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0047] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tensioning device, comprising:

[0049] Rack components;

[0050] At least two tensioning discs 6-1, the tensioning discs 6-1 are used to wind or release the rope 1, and the inner wall of each tensioning disc 6-1 is correspondingly provided with a brake housing 6-3, one end of the brake housing 6-3 is connected to the frame assembly, and the tensioning disc 6-1 is rotatably connected to the brake housing 6-3;

[0051] A rotating shaft 6-9 is correspondingly arranged in the brake housing 6-3, and one end of the rotating shaft 6-9 is connected to the frame assembly;

[0052] The brake damping member is disposed between the rotating shaft 6-9 and the brake housing 6-3 and is configured to provide damping to tension the rope 1 when the hoisting machinery is unloaded or the load is less than a set load value when the rope is retracted, and to cancel the damping to avoid load when the hoisting machinery is heavily loaded and retracted.

[0053] like Figure 3As shown, the frame assembly includes a base plate 6-19, a first frame 6-11 and a second frame 6-18, the first frame 6-11 and the second frame 6-18 are arranged in parallel and are respectively fixed to the two ends of the base plate 6-19, wherein the brake housing 6-3 is fixed on the inner wall of the first frame 6-11, and the support seat 6-15 is fixed on the inner wall of the second frame 6-18; the tensioning plate 6-1 is sleeved on the outer wall of the brake housing 6-3 and is rotatably connected thereto, preferably, the tensioning plate 6-1 is connected to the brake housing 6-3 via a first bearing 6-2.

[0054] Furthermore, one end of the rotating shaft 6-9 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first frame 6-11, and the other end is also provided with an overrunning clutch 6-14. The inner ring of the overrunning clutch 6-14 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 6-9, and the outer ring of the overrunning clutch 6-14 is fixed with a coil spring mounting seat 6-13. The overrunning clutch 6-14 is configured to allow the rotating shaft 6-9 to rotate in the same direction as the coil spring mounting seat 6-13 in the rope-releasing direction, and to be relatively stationary with the coil spring mounting seat 6-13 in the rope-collecting direction.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, the tensioning device also includes a coil spring 6-12, an inner ring of which is fixedly connected to a coil spring mounting seat 6-13, and an outer ring of the coil spring 6-12 is fixedly connected to a tensioning disk 6-1; when the rope is collected, the friction force of the cable 1 drives the tensioning disk 6-1 to rotate, and the tensioning disk 6-1 drives the coil spring 6-12 to tighten and wind to store force, and the coil spring 6-12 after storing force continues to drive the rotation of the overrunning clutch 6-14, and when the rope is released, the coil spring 6-12 releases the stored force to accelerate the release of the cable 1.

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, the brake damping member specifically includes:

[0057] The friction plate assembly 6-10 includes a static friction plate 6-10-1 and a dynamic friction plate 6-10-2, which are alternately arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 6-9, the static friction plate 6-10-1 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the brake housing 6-3, and the dynamic friction plate 6-10-2 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating shaft 6-9;

[0058] The piston 6-6 is arranged at the end of the friction plate assembly 6-10 close to the first frame 6-11. The piston 6-6 is sleeved with a spring 6-5. The inner wall of the first frame 6-11 is provided with a spring support. The spring 6-5 is abutted against the spring support. A sealed cavity is left between the piston 6-6 and the brake housing 6-3 to form a brake oil port 6-4. The brake oil channel opened on the brake housing 6-3 delivers pressure oil to the brake oil port 6-4 to provide pressure, so as to push the piston 6-6 to move toward the first frame 6-11.

[0059] When there is no pressure oil in the brake oil port 6-4, the piston 6-6 abuts against the friction plate assembly 6-10 to provide pressure, thereby increasing the tension of the cable 1;

[0060] After the brake oil channel delivers pressurized oil to the brake oil port 6-4, the piston 6-6 is pushed by the pressurized oil to move toward the first frame 6-11 to release the pressure on the friction plate assembly 6-10, thereby reducing the tension of the cable 1.

[0061] Specifically, an interference pin 6-20 is provided on the outer wall of the first frame 6-11 to facilitate installation on a lifting machinery.

[0062] Furthermore, a cavity is provided in the rotating shaft 6-9, and holes are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the cavity, and the holes are connected with the friction plate assembly 6-10 so that the lubricating oil circulates to cool the friction plate assembly 6-10.

[0063] Preferably, the rack assembly also includes a top plate 6-21, and the top plate 6-21 is used to connect the first rack 6-11 and the second rack 6-18.

[0064] Furthermore, the frame assembly also includes an end cover 6-8, which is fixedly connected to the brake housing 6-3 and rotatably connected to the first frame 6-11. Specifically, one end of the connecting shaft 6-9 is supported on the end cover 6-8 through the second bearing 6-7, and the end of the brake oil channel is arranged on the end cover 6-8.

[0065] Preferably, a mounting groove is provided at the end of the tensioning disk 6-1 to adapt to the coil spring 6-12, and a support disk 6-17 is sleeved on one end of the support seat 6-15 close to the coil spring 6-12, and the support disk 6-17 is connected to the tensioning disk 6-1 to limit the coil spring 6-12, and the support disk 6-17 is rotatably connected to the support seat 6-15 through a third bearing 6-16.

[0066] like Figure 2 As shown, as an embodiment, a lifting machine includes:

[0067] A lifting arm 3, with an arm head pulley 7 at the top, a tensioning device 6 fixed on the side wall, a turntable 4 at the bottom, and a winch 5 on the side wall of the turntable 4;

[0068] A rope 1, at the end of which a hook 2 is provided;

[0069] The cable 1 is released through the winch 5 and then wound into a tensioning disc 6-1 of the tensioning device 6, and then wound and released from another tensioning disc 6-1 and connected to the hook 2 through the arm pulley 7;

[0070] When the rope is released or collected, the friction force of the rope 1 drives the tensioning disc 6-1 to rotate.

[0071] As an embodiment, a tensioning method includes:

[0072] When the lifting machinery is unloaded or the load is less than the set load value, the brake oil port 6-4 has no pressure oil, the friction static plate 6-10-1 and the friction dynamic plate 6-10-2 fit tightly under the pressure of the spring 6-5 and the piston 6-6, providing the tensioning force of the cable 1, and the cable 1 is wound around the winch 5. The friction force of the cable 1 drives the tensioning plate 6-1 to rotate, and drives the winding spring 6-12 to rotate and tighten to store force until the unloaded rope collection is completed;

[0073] When the lifting machinery is unloaded or the load is less than the set load value to drop the hook and release the rope, there is no pressure oil in the brake oil port 6-4, and the coil spring 6-12 releases the torque energy after storing the force, providing the rope 1 with the driving force to assist the winch 5 in releasing the rope. After the torque energy of the coil spring 6-12 is completely released, the rope 1 relies on inertia to cooperate with the overrunning clutch 6-14 to rotate in the reverse direction to continue to drop the hook and release the rope.

[0074] Furthermore, the tensioning method further comprises:

[0075] When the hoisting machine is overloaded or the load value is greater than the set value, the pressure is provided through the brake oil port 6-4, there is no pressure between the friction static plate 6-10-1 and the friction dynamic plate 6-10-2, and the tensioning device 6 does not have a tensioning effect to avoid load;

[0076] When the hoisting machinery is overloaded or the load value is greater than the set value, the hook is dropped and the rope is released without resistance by relying on the overrunning clutch 6-14 to rotate in the reverse direction.

[0077] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0078] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tensioning device, characterized in that: include: Rack components; At least two tensioning discs (6-1), the tensioning discs (6-1) being used for winding or releasing the rope (1), the inner wall of each tensioning disc (6-1) being correspondingly provided with a brake housing (6-3), one end of the brake housing (6-3) being connected to the frame assembly, and the tensioning disc (6-1) being rotatably connected to the brake housing (6-3); A rotating shaft (6-9) is correspondingly arranged in the brake housing (6-3), and one end of the rotating shaft (6-9) is connected to the frame assembly; A brake damping member is provided between the rotating shaft (6-9) and the brake housing (6-3), and is configured to provide damping to tension the rope (1) when the hoisting machinery is unloaded or the rope is reeled in with a load less than a set load value, and to cancel the damping to avoid loading when the hoisting machinery is overloaded or the rope is reeled in with a load greater than a set load value.

2. The tensioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame assembly comprises a base plate (6-19), a first frame (6-11) and a second frame (6-18), wherein the first frame (6-11) and the second frame (6-18) are arranged in parallel and are respectively fixed to two ends of the base plate (6-19), wherein the brake housing (6-3) is fixed to the inner wall of the first frame (6-11), and a support seat (6-15) is fixed to the inner wall of the second frame (6-18).

3. The tensioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (6-9) has one end rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first frame (6-11), and the other end is sleeved with an overrunning clutch (6-14), the inner ring of the overrunning clutch (6-14) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (6-9), and the outer ring of the overrunning clutch (6-14) is fixedly provided with a coil spring mounting seat (6-13), and the overrunning clutch (6-14) is configured to allow the rotating shaft (6-9) to rotate in the same direction as the coil spring mounting seat (6-13) in the rope releasing direction, and to remain relatively stationary with the coil spring mounting seat (6-13) in the rope collecting direction.

4. The tensioning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A coil spring (6-12), the inner ring of which is fixedly connected to the coil spring mounting seat (6-13), and the outer ring of the coil spring (6-12) is fixedly connected to the tensioning disk (6-1); When the rope is collected, the friction force of the rope (1) drives the tensioning disk (6-1) to rotate, and the tensioning disk (6-1) drives the coil spring (6-12) to tighten and wind to store force, and the coil spring (6-12) after storing force continues to drive the overrunning clutch (6-14) to rotate, and when the rope is released, the coil spring (6-12) releases the stored force to accelerate the release of the rope (1).

5. The tensioning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The brake damping member specifically comprises: A friction plate assembly (6-10), the friction plate assembly (6-10) comprising a static friction plate (6-10-1) and a dynamic friction plate (6-10-2), the static friction plate (6-10-1) and the dynamic friction plate (6-10-2), the static friction plate (6-10-1) and the inner wall of the brake housing (6-3), and the dynamic friction plate (6-10-2) and the outer wall of the rotating shaft (6-9); A piston (6-6) is arranged at an end of the friction plate assembly (6-10) close to the first frame (6-11); a spring (6-5) is sleeved on the piston (6-6); a spring support is arranged on the inner wall of the first frame (6-11); the spring (6-5) is abutted against the spring support; a sealed cavity is reserved between the piston (6-6) and the brake housing (6-3) to form a brake oil port (6-4); a brake oil channel provided on the brake housing (6-3) delivers pressure oil to the brake oil port (6-4) to provide pressure, thereby pushing the piston (6-6) to move toward the first frame (6-11); When there is no pressure oil in the brake oil port (6-4), the piston (6-6) is pressed against the friction plate assembly (6-10) to provide pressure, thereby increasing the tension of the cable (1); After the brake oil channel delivers pressure oil to the brake oil port (6-4), the piston (6-6) is pushed by the pressure oil to move toward the first frame (6-11) to release the pressure on the friction plate assembly (6-10), thereby reducing the tension of the cable (1).

6. The tensioning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The frame assembly also includes an end cover (6-8) fixedly connected to the brake housing (6-3), and the end of the brake oil channel is arranged on the end cover (6-8).

7. The tensioning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The end of the tensioning disk (6-1) is provided with a mounting groove to adapt to the coil spring (6-12), and the end of the support seat (6-15) close to the coil spring (6-12) is sleeved with a support disk (6-17), and the support disk (6-17) is connected to the tensioning disk (6-1) to limit the coil spring (6-12).

8. A lifting machine comprising the tensioning device of claim 7, characterized in that: include: A lifting arm (3) is provided with an arm head pulley (7) at its top, a tensioning device (6) is fixed on its side wall, a turntable (4) is provided at its bottom, and a winch (5) is provided on the side wall of the turntable (4); A rope (1) having a hook (2) at the end thereof; The rope (1) is released through a winch (5) and then wound into a tensioning disk (6-1) of the tensioning device (6), and is wound and released from another tensioning disk (6-1) and then connected to the hook (2) through a boom pulley (7); When the rope is released or collected, the tensioning disc (6-1) is driven to rotate by the friction force of the rope (1).

9. A tensioning method, based on a lifting machine of the tensioning device according to claim 8, characterized in that: This includes the following situations: When the lifting machine is unloaded or the load is less than the set load value and the hook is raised and the rope is collected, there is no pressure oil in the brake oil port (6-4), and the friction static plate (6-10-1) and the friction dynamic plate (6-10-2) are tightly fitted under the pressure of the spring (6-5) and the piston (6-6), providing the tensioning force of the rope (1), and the rope (1) is wound around the winch (5). The rope (1) drives the tensioning disk (6-1) to rotate due to the friction force, and drives the winding spring (6-12) to rotate and tighten to store force until the unloaded rope collection is completed; When the lifting machinery is unloaded or the load is less than the set load value, the brake oil port (6-4) has no pressure oil, and the coil spring (6-12) releases the torque energy after accumulating force, providing the driving force of the rope (1) to assist the winch (5) in releasing the rope. After the torque energy of the coil spring (6-12) is completely released, the rope (1) relies on inertia to cooperate with the overrunning clutch (6-14) to rotate in the reverse direction to continue to drop the hook and release the rope.

10. The tensioning method according to claim 9, characterized in that: This also includes the following situations: When the lifting machinery is overloaded or the load is greater than the set load value and the hook is raised and the rope is collected, pressure is provided through the brake oil port (6-4), there is no pressure between the friction static plate (6-10-1) and the friction dynamic plate (6-10-2), and the tensioning device (6) does not have a tensioning effect to avoid load; When the hoisting machine is overloaded or the load is greater than the set load value, the overrunning clutch (6-14) rotates in the reverse direction to achieve resistance-free hook dropping and rope release.

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