High-toughness full-degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-toughness full-degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, which is prepared from the following ingredients in parts by mass: 30 to 60 parts of degradable thermoplastic plastics, 10 to 20 parts of thermoplastic polymers, 10 to 30 parts of plant fibers, 5 to 10 parts of ester and resin mixtures, 2 to 6 parts of spider silk, 4 to 8 parts of coupling agents, 3 to 9 parts of antioxidants and 2 to 6 parts of flame retardants. After the formula of the high-toughness full-degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material is disclosed, the invention further discloses a preparation method of the high-toughness full-degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, and the plant fiber composite material is prepared from various thermoplastic polymers, plant fibers, esters, a resin mixture and spider silk. The plant fiber composite material has the advantages of light weight, high strength, good impact resistance and the like, also has high toughness and good processability, and can greatly improve the durability, aesthetic property and wear resistance of processed products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bio-based plant fiber composite materials, and in particular to a high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material. Background Art

[0002] As people's environmental awareness increases, more and more environmentally friendly materials are gradually applied to all aspects of life. Bio-based plant fiber composite materials are increasingly used in the fields of automotive interiors, household kitchen utensils, packaging boxes, musical instrument manufacturing, etc. due to their light weight, high strength, good impact resistance, environmental protection, biodegradability and recyclability, wide sources of raw materials, diverse preparation methods, and wide application fields. In many application fields, such as aviation and sporting goods, bio-based plant fiber composite materials are required to have the above advantages while also having high toughness, wear resistance, high temperature resistance and other performance requirements. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the further research and development of bio-based plant fiber composite materials. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention is aimed at the above problems and proposes a high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material to solve the above problems.

[0004] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts a high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, which comprises the following components by mass: 30-60 parts of degradable thermoplastic plastics, 10-20 parts of thermoplastic polymers, 10-30 parts of plant fibers, 5-10 parts of esters and resin mixtures, 2-6 parts of spider silk, 4-8 parts of coupling agents, 3-9 parts of antioxidants, and 2-6 parts of flame retardants.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the degradable thermoplastic plastic is PBAT, a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester.

[0006] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thermoplastic polymer is PLA obtained by polymerizing renewable sugar-based raw materials through a series of treatments.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thermoplastic polymer is a thermoplastic biodegradable material PHB produced by a microbial fermentation agent.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant fiber is a mixture of the following plant fibers: ramie fiber, ramie fiber, paper mulberry fiber, palm leaf fiber, betel leaf fiber, reed fiber, kapok fiber, mulberry fiber, palm oil fiber, bamboo fiber, sugarcane fiber, and wood fiber.

[0009] The palm oil fiber in the present invention is derived from the fibrous tissue around the fruit of the palm tree. These fibers have excellent water resistance, oil resistance and acid and alkali resistance, and have good elasticity and strength. The extraction process of palm oil fiber usually includes harvesting mature palm fruits, and then crushing, screening and separating to finally obtain fibers. These fibers have a wide range of applications, such as furniture manufacturing, automobile interior panel manufacturing, etc.

[0010] The PLA in the present invention is a thermoplastic polymer obtained by polymerizing renewable sugar-based raw materials through a series of treatments. The main raw materials are corn, cassava, etc. It can replace non-biodegradable or difficult-to-degrade polymers and is an ideal green polymer material.

[0011] PBAT in the present invention is a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester, which is widely used in packaging, biomedicine and industrial composting. Compared with traditional plastics, PBAT has defects such as low tensile strength, poor UV shielding and water vapor barrier properties, which hinder the development and application of PBAT. Reinforcing PBAT with plant fibers can effectively improve the mechanical properties and barrier properties of composite materials and expand the application scope of PBAT.

[0012] The apocynum ramie in the present invention is also called wild hemp and tea flower. It is a wild plant fiber with the characteristics of good hygroscopicity, strong air permeability and high strength of hemp fiber. In addition, the apocynum ramie fiber is soft, smooth and has a silky feel, and can be used to develop high-end textiles. The fiber cross section is circular or oval with vertical cross sections, the length is 15-70mm, the fineness is 17-23μm, the breaking strength is 7.0-7.9cN / dtex, and the breaking elongation is 3%-4%.

[0013] The mulberry fiber in the present invention is extracted from the branches pruned from mulberry trees through degumming treatment. The domestic report on extracting fiber from mulberry bark was first seen in the 1990s. The mulberry fiber extraction process includes removing the epidermis, chemical scouring, mechanical preparation, rinsing, pickling, softening, drying, combing and other steps. The average length of the final mulberry fiber is 31.50 mm, the breaking strength is 5.30 cN / dtex, the product is better than or similar to the performance of cotton fiber, and has the luster of silk. The mulberry fiber single fiber is shorter and is spun by process fiber. The bundle fiber length is 27-39 mm, the linear density is 3.25-4 tex, the breaking strength is 15-29 cN / tex, and the breaking elongation is 4%-12%.

[0014] The spider silk used in the present invention has high strength and excellent elasticity, and its properties are very similar to the high-strength synthetic fiber aramid 1414 and the elastic fiber spandex. In terms of strength, spider silk is even better than high-performance Kevlar fiber. Although both fibers have similar high strength levels, Krvlar fiber can only extend 4% of its original length before breaking, while spider silk can reach a breaking elongation of 30%.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ester and resin mixture includes the following: polyhydroxy fatty acid, polybutylene succinate, polycarbonate, natural rubber, biodegradable resin, thermoplastic elastic resin, and water-based resin.

[0016] After disclosing the formula of the above-mentioned high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, the present invention then discloses a preparation method of the high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0017] (1) placing sufficient amounts of degradable thermoplastics, thermoplastic polymers, plant fibers, ester and resin mixtures, spider silk, coupling agents, antioxidants, and flame retardants in a constant temperature drying oven for drying;

[0018] (2) placing the dried degradable thermoplastic plastic, thermoplastic polymer, plant fiber, ester and resin mixture, spider silk, coupling agent, antioxidant, and flame retardant in different proportions in a high-speed mixer and mixing for 8-10 minutes, and after mixing evenly, obtaining a pretreated material;

[0019] (3) The pretreated material obtained in step (2) is extruded and granulated by a granulator to obtain a high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material.

[0020] The high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material obtained by the above formula and preparation method is mainly used in the preparation of high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material injection molding products.

[0021] After adopting the above technical improvements, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The present invention uses a variety of thermoplastic polymers, plant fibers, esters and resin mixtures and spider silk to prepare plant fiber composite materials, so that the plant fiber composite materials have the advantages of light weight, high strength, good impact resistance, etc., and also have high toughness and good processing performance, which can greatly improve the durability, aesthetics and wear resistance of processed products;

[0023] 2. The preparation method of the present invention is simple, and only requires drying, mixing, granulation, and finally injection molding into the desired product as needed, which is suitable for large-scale production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 Shown is a preparation process flow chart of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30 parts of degradable thermoplastic plastic, 10 parts of thermoplastic polymer, 10 parts of plant fiber, 5 parts of ester and resin mixture, 2 parts of spider silk, 4 parts of coupling agent, 3 parts of antioxidant, and 2 parts of flame retardant.

[0028] In this embodiment, the degradable thermoplastic is PBAT, a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester.

[0029] In this embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer is PLA obtained by polymerizing renewable sugar-based raw materials through a series of treatments.

[0030] In this embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer is a thermoplastic biodegradable material PHB produced by a microbial fermentation agent.

[0031] In this embodiment, the plant fiber is a mixture of the following plant fibers: ramie fiber, ramie fiber, paper mulberry fiber, palm leaf fiber, betel leaf fiber, reed fiber, kapok fiber, mulberry fiber, palm oil fiber, bamboo fiber, sugarcane fiber, and wood fiber.

[0032] In this embodiment, the esters and resin mixtures include the following: polyhydroxy fatty acids, polybutylene succinate, polycarbonate, natural rubber, biodegradable resins, thermoplastic elastic resins, and water-based resins.

[0033] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that after disclosing the formula of the above-mentioned high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, the present invention then discloses a preparation method of the high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, which comprises the following steps:

[0034] (1) placing sufficient amounts of degradable thermoplastic plastics, thermoplastic polymers, plant fibers, esters and resin mixtures, spider silk, coupling agents, antioxidants, and flame retardants in a constant temperature drying oven for 60 minutes; (2) placing the dried degradable thermoplastic plastics, thermoplastic polymers, plant fibers, esters and resin mixtures, spider silk, coupling agents, antioxidants, and flame retardants in different proportions in a high-speed mixer and mixing for 8 minutes, and after mixing evenly, obtaining a pretreated material;

[0035] (3) The pretreated material obtained in step (2) is extruded and granulated by a granulator to obtain a high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material.

[0036] The high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material obtained by the above formula and preparation method is mainly used in the preparation of high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material injection molding products.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60 parts of degradable thermoplastic plastic, 20 parts of thermoplastic polymer, 30 parts of plant fiber, 10 parts of ester and resin mixture, 6 parts of spider silk, 8 parts of coupling agent, 9 parts of antioxidant, and 6 parts of flame retardant.

[0039] In this embodiment, the degradable thermoplastic is PBAT, a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester.

[0040] In this embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer is PLA obtained by polymerizing renewable sugar-based raw materials through a series of treatments.

[0041] In this embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer is a thermoplastic biodegradable material PHB produced by a microbial fermentation agent.

[0042] In this embodiment, the plant fiber is a mixture of the following plant fibers: ramie fiber, ramie fiber, paper mulberry fiber, reed fiber, kapok fiber, mulberry fiber, palm oil fiber, bamboo fiber, sugarcane fiber, and wood fiber.

[0043] In this embodiment, the esters and resin mixtures include the following: polyhydroxyalkanoic acid, polybutylene succinate, biodegradable resin, thermoplastic elastic resin, and water-based resin.

[0044] After disclosing the formula of the above-mentioned high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, the present invention then discloses a preparation method of the high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0045] (1) placing sufficient amounts of degradable thermoplastic plastics, thermoplastic polymers, plant fibers, esters and resin mixtures, spider silk, coupling agents, antioxidants, and flame retardants in a constant temperature drying oven for drying for 90 minutes; (2) placing the dried degradable thermoplastic plastics, thermoplastic polymers, plant fibers, esters and resin mixtures, spider silk, coupling agents, antioxidants, and flame retardants in different proportions in a high-speed mixer and mixing for 10 minutes, and after mixing evenly, obtaining a pretreated material;

[0046] (3) The pretreated material obtained in step (2) is extruded and granulated by a granulator to obtain a high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material.

[0047] The high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material obtained by the above formula and preparation method is mainly used in the preparation of high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material injection molding products.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] A high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 45 parts of degradable thermoplastic plastic, 15 parts of thermoplastic polymer, 20 parts of plant fiber, 7 parts of ester and resin mixture, 4 parts of spider silk, 6 parts of coupling agent, 6 parts of antioxidant, and 4 parts of flame retardant.

[0050] In this embodiment, the degradable thermoplastic is PBAT, a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester.

[0051] In this embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer is PLA obtained by polymerizing renewable sugar-based raw materials through a series of treatments.

[0052] In this embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer is a thermoplastic biodegradable material PHB produced by a microbial fermentation agent.

[0053] In this embodiment, the plant fiber is a mixture of the following plant fibers: ramie fiber, ramie fiber, paper mulberry fiber, palm leaf fiber, betel leaf fiber, reed fiber, mulberry fiber, bamboo fiber, sugarcane fiber, and wood fiber.

[0054] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ester and resin mixture includes the following: polybutylene succinate, polycarbonate, natural rubber, biodegradable resin, thermoplastic elastic resin, and water-based resin.

[0055] After disclosing the formula of the above-mentioned high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, the present invention then discloses a preparation method of the high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0056] (1) placing sufficient amounts of degradable thermoplastic plastics, thermoplastic polymers, plant fibers, esters and resin mixtures, spider silk, coupling agents, antioxidants, and flame retardants in a constant temperature drying oven for drying for 45 minutes; (2) placing the dried degradable thermoplastic plastics, thermoplastic polymers, plant fibers, esters and resin mixtures, spider silk, coupling agents, antioxidants, and flame retardants in different proportions in a high-speed mixer and mixing for 9 minutes, and after mixing evenly, obtaining a pretreated material;

[0057] (3) The pretreated material obtained in step (2) is extruded and granulated by a granulator to obtain a high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material.

[0058] The high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material obtained by the above formula and preparation method is mainly used in the preparation of high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material injection molding products.

[0059] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components by mass: 30-60 parts of degradable thermoplastic plastic, 10-20 parts of thermoplastic polymer, 10-30 parts of plant fiber, 5-10 parts of ester and resin mixture, 2-6 parts of spider silk, 4-8 parts of coupling agent, 3-9 parts of antioxidant and 2-6 parts of flame retardant.

2. A high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The degradable thermoplastic is PBAT, a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester.

3. The high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoplastic polymer is PLA obtained by polymerizing renewable sugar-based raw materials through a series of treatments.

4. The high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoplastic polymer is a thermoplastic biodegradable material PHB produced by a microbial fermentation agent.

5. The high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant fiber is a mixture of the following plant fibers: ramie fiber, ramie fiber, paper mulberry fiber, palm leaf fiber, betel leaf fiber, reed fiber, kapok fiber, mulberry fiber, palm oil fiber, bamboo fiber, sugarcane fiber, and wood fiber.

6. The high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The esters and resin mixtures include the following: polyhydroxy fatty acids, polybutylene succinate, polycarbonate, natural rubber, biodegradable resins, thermoplastic elastic resins, and water-based resins.

7. A method for preparing a high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material as described in claims 1-6, characterized in that: The following steps are included: (1) placing sufficient amounts of degradable thermoplastics, thermoplastic polymers, plant fibers, ester and resin mixtures, spider silk, coupling agents, antioxidants, and flame retardants in a constant temperature drying oven for drying; (2) placing the dried degradable thermoplastic plastic, thermoplastic polymer, plant fiber, ester and resin mixture, spider silk, coupling agent, antioxidant, and flame retardant in different proportions in a high-speed mixer and mixing for 8-10 minutes, and after mixing evenly, obtaining a pretreated material; (3) The pretreated material obtained in step (2) is extruded and granulated by a granulator to obtain a high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material.

8. Use of the high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 in the preparation of high-toughness fully degradable bio-based plant fiber composite material injection molding products.

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