Excavating equipment for building construction and using method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of excavation, and discloses excavation equipment for building construction, comprising: a drill cylinder, the lower end and the upper end of the drill cylinder are respectively provided with a soil inlet hole and a soil discharge hole; the spiral auger is rotationally connected into the drilling barrel; the first power assembly is used for driving the drilling barrel and the spiral auger to rotate reversely; the adjusting disc is fixedly connected to the peripheral side of the middle of the drilling barrel; the upper ends of the cutters are in sliding connection with the adjusting disc in the radial direction of the drilling barrel, and the lower ends of the cutters are located on the peripheral side of the soil inlet hole; the reciprocating driving mechanism is used for driving the upper end of the cutter to slide back and forth along the radial direction of the drill cylinder; and the stroke adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the sliding stroke of the cutting knife. In addition, the invention further discloses a using method of the excavation equipment for building construction. By optimizing the motion mode of the cutting knife, the cutting knife can gradually cut the soil body outwards from the position close to the drilling cylinder, and the effects of cutting the soil body in batches and collecting the soil body in batches can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of excavation, and in particular to an excavation device used in building construction and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the process of construction, excavation is a basic and crucial link. Although traditional excavation equipment, such as excavators, can meet the excavation requirements to a certain extent, they have many limitations. Specifically, for some narrow spaces or areas with complex terrain, traditional equipment is difficult to fully exert its effectiveness, and the excavation efficiency and accuracy are difficult to be effectively guaranteed. It can be seen that the development of a new type of excavation equipment for construction has extremely important practical significance.

[0003] The patent with publication number CN117231125A discloses an excavation equipment for construction. In this patented technical solution, the motor drives the gear and the tooth block to mesh with each other, thereby driving the rotating disk and the radius adjustment disk to rotate, thereby achieving the multi-angle excavation operation of the cutting knife. Utilizing the matching structure of the sliding rod and the trough body, combined with the hinge connecting rod structure driven by the cylinder, the excavation radius of the cutting knife can be adjusted in real time to adapt to the needs of different earth volumes. With the linkage mechanism between the cutting knife and the radius adjustment component, it can ensure that the earth is evenly distributed in the excavation area and effectively reduce the unevenness of the surface. In addition, the drill bit and the spiral auger work together to suck the earth into the earth extraction pipe through the earth inlet, and then transport it to the earth discharge pipe through the spiral auger, successfully realizing an efficient earth processing process of digging and extracting at the same time.

[0004] However, in actual application, the device involved in this patent exposed several areas that need to be improved. The rotary cutter moves from the outside to the inside during operation. When the soil volume is large, the cutter will be subject to excessive resistance during the soil contraction process. This is because when a large volume of soil contracts toward the center, its mass and inertia are large, and the reaction force generated on the cutter exceeds the normal tolerance range of the cutter. When in this high resistance state for a long time, the blade of the cutter is prone to damage such as wear, deformation, and even breakage, which will not only affect the normal excavation efficiency of the equipment, but may also lead to a decrease in excavation accuracy and fail to meet construction requirements. Frequent replacement of damaged cutters will increase construction costs and time costs, which will have an adverse effect on the progress of construction. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide an excavation device and a method of use for building construction to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the first aspect of the present invention provides an excavation equipment for construction, comprising:

[0007] A drill tube, wherein the lower end and the upper end of the drill tube are respectively provided with a soil inlet hole and a soil outlet hole;

[0008] Rotating a spiral auger connected to the drill tube;

[0009] A first power assembly for driving the drill barrel and the auger to rotate in opposite directions respectively;

[0010] An adjustment plate fixedly connected to the circumferential side of the middle portion of the drill tube;

[0011] A plurality of cutting knives arranged in parallel with the drill tube, the upper ends of which are slidably connected with the adjustment disk along the radial direction of the drill tube, and the lower ends of which are located at the peripheral side of the soil entry hole;

[0012] A reciprocating drive mechanism, used for driving the upper end of the cutting blade to slide reciprocatingly along the radial direction of the drill tube; and

[0013] The stroke adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the sliding stroke of the cutting knife.

[0014] Furthermore, the reciprocating drive mechanism comprises:

[0015] A plurality of first sliding blocks connected to the upper ends of the plurality of cutting knives in a one-to-one correspondence, wherein the first sliding blocks are slidably connected to the adjustment disk along the radial direction of the drill tube;

[0016] A plurality of connecting rods, one end of which is hingedly connected to a plurality of the first sliding blocks in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0017] A first fixed ring and a second fixed ring are fixedly sleeved on the circumference of the drill tube and are located above the adjustment plate. A sliding ring is slidably sleeved on the circumference of the drill tube. The sliding ring is located between the first fixed ring and the second fixed ring. The other ends of the plurality of connecting rods are hinged to the sliding ring.

[0018] Rotating a plurality of screws connected between the first fixing ring and the second fixing ring, wherein the screws are threadedly connected to the sliding ring, and the stroke adjustment mechanism selectively adjusts the rotation direction of the screws; and

[0019] A second power assembly is used to drive the screw to rotate.

[0020] Furthermore, the second power assembly comprises:

[0021] A gear rack fixedly connected to a first fixed ring. The gear rack has a "C"-shaped structure and includes a first horizontal plate, a vertical plate, and a second horizontal plate that are integrally formed or connected. The first horizontal plate, the vertical plate, and the second horizontal plate are respectively rotatably connected to a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, and a third bevel gear. The first bevel gear and the third bevel gear are respectively meshed with the second bevel gear for transmission. One end of the screw rod movably penetrates through the first bevel gear and the third bevel gear, and the stroke adjustment mechanism selectively drives one of the first bevel gear and the third bevel gear to be in transmission connection with the screw rod; and

[0022] A second drive motor connected to any one of the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear, and the third bevel gear for transmission.

[0023] Further, the stroke adjustment mechanism includes:

[0024] First tooth disc and third tooth disc are respectively arranged on the opposite surfaces of the first bevel gear and the third bevel gear;

[0025] One end of the screw rod located between the first bevel gear and the third bevel gear is fixedly connected with a tooth disc sleeve on its circumferential side. A second tooth disc is arranged on one side of the tooth disc sleeve close to the first tooth disc, and a fourth tooth disc is arranged on one side of the tooth disc sleeve close to the third tooth disc. The connections between the first tooth disc and the second tooth disc, and between the third tooth disc and the fourth tooth are all detachable;

[0026] Two first sliding chutes and a second sliding chute are arranged at intervals on the side wall of the other end of the screw rod. An active locking tongue is arranged on the second fixed ring. The first sliding chute and the second sliding chute are respectively detachably connected with the active locking tongue. The first sliding chute is located at the combination position of the active locking tongue when the first tooth disc and the second tooth disc are connected, and the second sliding chute is located at the combination position of the active locking tongue when the third tooth disc and the fourth tooth disc are connected;

[0027] An adjustment component for selectively adjusting the cooperation connection between one of the first sliding chute and the second sliding chute and the active locking tongue.

[0028] Further, the adjustment component includes:

[0029] A plurality of elastic members arranged on the end face of the first fixed ring close to the sliding ring. The elastic members selectively contact the sliding ring and drive it to move away from the first fixed ring;

[0030] A plurality of magnetic members are embedded in the sliding ring; and

[0031] The second fixing ring is provided with a plurality of electromagnets arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of magnetic parts, and the electromagnets and the magnetic parts repel each other.

[0032] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly also includes a plurality of first guide rods whose two ends are respectively connected to the first fixed ring and the second fixed ring, the first guide rods are parallel to the axis of the drill barrel, the sliding ring is slidably connected to the first guide rods, and the elastic member is a first compression spring sleeved on the circumference of the first guide rod, and one end of the first compression spring is fixedly connected to the first fixed ring.

[0033] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0034] A first gear ring located above the adjustment plate and rotatably connected to the outer side wall of the drill tube;

[0035] A third power assembly for driving the first gear ring to rotate;

[0036] A plurality of second guide rods and a third guide rod are arranged on the upper surface of the adjustment disk along the radial direction of the drill tube, and the plurality of second guide rods and third guide rods are movably connected to and penetrate the plurality of first sliders in a one-to-one correspondence. A fourth bevel gear is keyed to one end of the second guide rod close to the drill tube, and the fourth bevel gear is meshed with the first gear ring for transmission. A fifth bevel gear is slidably connected along the length direction of the second guide rod and can rotate synchronously. The fifth bevel gear is rotatably connected to the first slider, and the third guide rod is slidably connected to the first slider;

[0037] The sixth bevel gear and the cam on the first slider are rotated in a one-to-one correspondence and coaxially, the sixth bevel gear is meshed with the fifth bevel gear for transmission, the end face of the cam away from the sixth bevel gear is fixedly connected to a camshaft, and the camshaft is staggered with the axis of the cam; and

[0038] A second sliding block is slidably connected to the adjustment disk along the radial direction of the drill tube, the second sliding block is fixedly connected to the upper end of the cutting knife, a vertical sliding groove is provided on the end surface of the second sliding block close to the cam, and the cam shaft is slidably connected to the vertical sliding groove.

[0039] Furthermore, a soil taking cavity is provided on the side wall of the lower end of the drill tube, and the soil taking cavity is located below the adjusting plate. The soil taking cavity is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped soil entry holes arranged in the same direction as the rotation direction of the drill tube;

[0040] The upper end side wall of the drill tube is provided with a soil discharge pipe, and the soil discharge pipe is provided with the soil discharge hole;

[0041] The cutting blade is an arc-shaped structure, and the cutting blade can guide the soil to move toward the soil entry hole;

[0042] The lower end of the rotating shaft of the spiral auger passes through the soil extraction cavity and is fixedly connected with a drill bit;

[0043] The excavation equipment also includes a shell, which is located below the soil discharge pipe, the upper end of the shell is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the upper end of the drill tube, the shell cover is arranged around the reciprocating drive mechanism and the stroke adjustment mechanism, and the lower end of the shell is fixedly connected to the edge of the side wall of the adjustment plate and extends downward.

[0044] Furthermore, the first power assembly comprises:

[0045] Rotating a support frame connected to the upper end of the drill pipe, wherein a first drive motor is fixedly connected to the support frame; and

[0046] The planetary gear comprises a sun gear, a second gear ring and a planet carrier, wherein the sun gear is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the first drive motor, and the sun gear is connected to the rotating shaft of the spiral auger, the second gear ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drill barrel, planetary gears are installed on the planet carrier, the planetary gears are respectively meshed with the sun gear and the gear ring, and the planet carrier is fixedly connected to the support frame.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the excavation equipment for construction of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0048] The present invention optimizes the movement mode of the cutting knife, utilizes a reciprocating drive mechanism to drive the upper end of the cutting knife to slide reciprocatingly along the radial direction of the drill barrel, utilizes a stroke adjustment mechanism to adjust the sliding stroke of the cutting knife, and gradually changes the sliding stroke from small to large, so that the cutting knife can gradually cut the soil from close to the drill barrel to the outside, and can achieve the effect of cutting and gathering the soil in batches, thereby reducing the resistance of the cutting knife in the process of gathering the soil, thereby reducing the wear and damage risk of the cutting knife, extending the service life of the cutting knife, and reducing construction costs and time costs.

[0049] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for using the above-mentioned excavation equipment for construction, comprising the following steps:

[0050] The first step is to hoist the above-mentioned excavation equipment to the excavation site, adjust the cutting knife to the side wall close to the lower end of the drill tube through the second power assembly and the stroke adjustment assembly, then close the second power assembly and the stroke adjustment assembly so that the cutting knife and the drill tube remain relatively still, and then start the first power assembly to drive the drill tube and the spiral auger to rotate in opposite directions respectively;

[0051] The second step is to drive the excavation equipment to cut the soil downwards and ensure that the adjustment plate is located above the excavated soil;

[0052] Step 3: Synchronously start the second power assembly and the stroke adjustment assembly, so that the cutting knife reciprocates in the direction away from and close to the drill tube, and the stroke adjustment assembly continuously adjusts the cutting radius between the cutting knife and the axis of the drill tube, and gradually increases from small to large;

[0053] Repeat the second and third steps to continue digging downwards;

[0054] Step 4: After the excavation is completed, lift the excavation equipment upwards and clean the bottom.

[0055] The method of using the excavation equipment for construction is the same as the advantages of the excavation equipment for construction compared with the prior art, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0057] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the excavation equipment used for construction in the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the excavation equipment used for construction of the present invention from another perspective;

[0059] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the excavation equipment used for construction of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of the middle A area;

[0061] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of assembling the second power assembly and the adjustment assembly of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of the middle B area;

[0063] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of the middle C area;

[0064] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of assembling the first gear ring, the third power assembly, the second guide rod and the third guide rod of the present invention;

[0065] Fig. 9It is an assembly diagram of the first slider, the fifth bevel gear, the sixth bevel gear, the second slider, the cam and the slide rail of the present invention.

[0066] Figure numerals: 1, drill tube; 2, spiral auger; 3, adjustment plate; 4, cutting knife; 5, soil taking cavity; 6, soil inlet hole; 7, soil discharge pipe; 8, soil discharge hole; 9, drill bit; 10, support frame; 11, first drive motor; 12, bearing; 13, soil retaining plate; 14, sun gear; 15, second gear ring; 16, planetary carrier; 17, planetary gear; 18, first slider; 19, connecting rod; 20, first fixed ring; 21, second fixed ring; 22, sliding ring; 23, screw; 24, gear frame; 25, first bevel gear; 26, second bevel gear; 27, third bevel gear; 28, second drive motor; 29, first toothed disc; 30, third toothed disc; 31 , toothed disc sleeve; 32, second toothed disc; 33, fourth toothed disc; 34, first sliding slot; 35, second sliding slot; 36, locking tongue; 37, second compression spring; 38, sliding slot; 39, first guide rod; 40, first compression spring; 41, magnetic member; 42, electromagnet; 43, first gear ring; 44, third drive motor; 45, seventh bevel gear; 46, second guide rod; 47, third guide rod; 48, fourth bevel gear; 49, fifth bevel gear; 50, cam; 51, second slider; 52, vertical slide slot; 53, mounting seat; 54, slide rail; 55, strip hole; 56, housing; 57, connecting plate; 58, sixth bevel gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0069] Reference Figure 1-3 In a first aspect, the present invention provides an excavation device for use in construction, which is used to replace traditional equipment to perform excavation operations in some narrow spaces or areas with complex terrain. The specific structure includes a drill barrel 1, a spiral auger 2, a first power component, an adjustment disk 3, a cutting knife 4, a reciprocating drive mechanism and a stroke adjustment mechanism.

[0070] Among them, the drill barrel 1 is one of the main components of the equipment, and its lower end is provided with a soil entry hole 6 for receiving soil; and the upper end is provided with a soil discharge hole 8 for discharging the excavated soil. The spiral auger 2 is installed inside the drill barrel 1 and is coaxially connected to the drill barrel 1 for conveying the soil entering the drill barrel 1 upward to the soil discharge hole 8 for discharge. The first power assembly is used to drive the drill barrel 1 and the spiral auger 2 to rotate in opposite directions respectively, so as to realize the excavation and transportation of the soil. The adjustment disk 3 is fixedly connected to the peripheral side of the middle part of the drill barrel 1 for installing and adjusting other components. There are multiple cutting knives 4, which are evenly distributed on the peripheral side of the drill barrel 1. The cutting knives 4 are arranged parallel to the drill barrel 1, and their upper ends are slidably connected to the adjustment disk 3, and the lower ends are located on the peripheral side of the soil entry hole 6. The cutting knives 4 are used to crush the soil below the adjustment disk 3, and can gather the soil toward the soil entry hole 6, so as to facilitate the soil entry process of the drill barrel 1. The reciprocating drive mechanism is used to drive the upper end of the cutting knife 4 to slide back and forth along the radial direction of the drill tube 1, so that the cutting knife 4 cuts the soil in different radial areas with the axis of the drill tube 1 as the center, and achieves the effect of gathering the soil toward the soil entry hole 6.

[0071] Preferably, a soil taking cavity 5 is provided on the lower side wall of the drill tube 1, and the soil taking cavity 5 is located below the adjustment plate 3. The soil taking cavity 5 is provided with strip-shaped soil entry holes 6 arranged in the same direction as the rotation direction of the drill tube 1. A soil discharge pipe 7 is provided on the upper side wall of the drill tube 1, and a soil discharge hole 8 is provided on the soil discharge pipe 7.

[0072] The cutting blade 4 is an arc-shaped structure, which can guide the soil to move toward the soil entry hole 6. The lower end of the rotating shaft of the spiral auger 2 passes through the soil extraction cavity 5 and is fixedly connected with a drill bit 9, which is a conical structure and can break the soil.

[0073] The first power assembly includes a support frame 10, a first drive motor 11 and a planetary gear 17. The support frame 10 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the drill tube 1 and is located on both sides of the soil discharge hole 8. The first drive motor 11 is fixedly connected therein, and the first drive motor 11 is preferably a reduction motor. The outer wall of the upper end of the drill tube 1 is rotatably connected to the support frame 10 through a bearing 12. The upper end of the spiral auger 2 is provided with a retaining plate 13, which is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the top end of the rotating shaft of the spiral auger 2. The retaining plate 13 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the drill tube 1, and the retaining plate 13 is located above the soil discharge pipe 7. The planetary gear 17 is located above the retaining plate 13, and the planetary gear 17 includes a sun gear 14, a second gear ring 15 and a planetary frame 16. The sun gear 14 is transmission-connected to the output shaft of the first drive motor 11, and the upper end of the output shaft of the rotary auger passes through the retaining plate 13 and is transmission-connected to the sun gear 14, and the second gear ring 15 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drill tube 1. The planetary carrier 16 is mounted with planetary gears 17 , which are respectively meshed with the sun gear 14 and the second ring gear 15 , and the planetary carrier 16 is fixedly connected to the support frame 10 .

[0074] Reference Figure 5-7 The reciprocating drive mechanism includes a first slider 18, a connecting rod 19, a first fixing ring 20, a second fixing ring 21, a sliding ring 22, a screw rod 23, and a second power assembly. A plurality of first sliders 18 are provided, and the plurality of first sliders 18 are respectively connected to the upper ends of the plurality of cutting blades 4 in one-to-one correspondence. The first slider 18 can be slidably connected to the adjusting disc 3 along the radial direction of the drill cylinder 1. A plurality of connecting rods 19 are provided, and the connecting rods 19 are inclined. One end of the connecting rod 19 is hinged to the first slider 18 in one-to-one correspondence, and the other end of the connecting rod 19 is hinged to the sliding ring 22. The first fixing ring 20 and the second fixing ring 21 are fixedly sleeved on the peripheral side of the drill cylinder 1 at intervals. The sliding ring 22 is slidably sleeved on the peripheral side of the drill cylinder 1 and is located between the first fixing ring 20 and the second fixing ring 21. A plurality of screw rods 23 are rotatably connected between the first fixing ring 20 and the second fixing ring 21. The screw rods 23 are parallel to the axis direction of the drill cylinder 1 and are threadedly connected to the sliding ring 22. When the plurality of screw rods 23 rotate synchronously, the sliding ring 22 can be driven to slide along the axis direction of the drill cylinder 1, so that the first slider 18 and the cutting blade 4 slide along the radial direction of the drill cylinder 1. The stroke adjustment mechanism can adjust the interval of the sliding ring 22 by changing the rotation direction of the screw rod 23, thereby realizing the adjustment of the sliding stroke of the cutting blade 4. The second power assembly is used to drive the screw rod 23 to rotate, so as to realize the movement of the sliding ring 22.

[0075] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first fixing ring 20 is located above the second fixing ring 21, and a plurality of connecting ears are provided on the side wall of the sliding ring 22. The connecting rod 19 is inclined, its upper end is hinged to the connecting ear, and its lower end is hinged to the first slider 18. When the sliding ring 22 slides downward along the side wall of the drill cylinder 1, the first slider 18 is driven by the connecting rod 19 to slide away from the drill cylinder 1; on the contrary, when the sliding ring 22 slides upward along the side wall of the drill cylinder 1, the first slider 18 is driven by the connecting rod 19 to slide towards the drill cylinder 1.

[0076] The second power assembly includes a gear rack 24, a first bevel gear 25, a second bevel gear 26, a third bevel gear 27, and a second driving motor 28. Among them, the gear rack 24 has a "C"-shaped structure and includes a first horizontal plate, a vertical plate, and a second horizontal plate. The first horizontal plate, the vertical plate, and the second horizontal plate are respectively rotatably connected with a first bevel gear 25, a second bevel gear 26, and a third bevel gear 27. The first bevel gear 25, the second bevel gear 26, and the third bevel gear 27 are preferably bevel gears of the same specification size. The first bevel gear 25 and the third bevel gear 27 are respectively meshed and transmitted with the second bevel gear 26. One end of the screw rod 23 movably penetrates through the first bevel gear 25 and the third bevel gear 27. The stroke adjustment mechanism can selectively drive the first bevel gear 25 or the third bevel gear 27 to be respectively connected with the screw rod 23 for transmission. The second driving motor 28 is connected to any one of the first bevel gear 25, the second bevel gear 26, and the third bevel gear 27, so as to drive the screw rod 23 to rotate.

[0077] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the second drive motor 28 is fixedly mounted on the vertical plate, and its output shaft is key-connected with the second bevel gear 26. When the second drive motor 28 is started, the second bevel gear 26 can be driven to rotate, thereby causing the first bevel gear 25 and the third bevel gear 27 to rotate in different directions. The stroke adjustment mechanism can selectively drive one of the first bevel gear 25 and the third bevel gear 27 to be connected to the screw 23, thereby realizing the bidirectional rotation process of the screw 23, thereby realizing the up and down sliding effect of the sliding ring 22.

[0078] In the present invention, the stroke adjustment mechanism mainly realizes the bidirectional rotation of the screw 23 by selectively connecting the first bevel gear 25 or the third bevel gear 27 to the screw 23, thereby changing the cutting radius of the cutting knife 4. Specifically, the stroke adjustment mechanism includes a toothed disc, a toothed disc sleeve 31, a movable locking tongue and an adjustment component. Among them, the first toothed disc 29 and the third toothed disc 30 are respectively provided on the opposite surfaces of the first bevel gear 25 and the third bevel gear 27. The toothed disc sleeve 31 is located between the first toothed disc 29 and the third toothed disc 30, and is fixedly connected to the circumference of the upper end of the screw 23. The toothed disc sleeve 31 is provided with a second toothed disc 32 on the side close to the first toothed disc 29, and a fourth toothed disc 33 on the side close to the third toothed disc 30. The first toothed disc 29 and the second toothed disc 32, and the third toothed disc 30 and the fourth toothed disc 33 are all detachably connected. When the first toothed disc 29 is connected to the second toothed disc 32, the first bevel gear 25 and the screw 23 can be driven to rotate synchronously; similarly, when the third toothed disc 30 is connected to the fourth toothed disc 33, the third bevel gear 27 and the screw 23 can be driven to rotate synchronously. Through the above switching process, the two-way rotation of the screw 23 can be achieved. In order to achieve the above switching effect, the lower end of the screw 23 is provided with two first sliding slots 34 and second sliding slots 35 arranged at intervals, both of which are annular structures. The first sliding slot 34 and the second sliding slot 35 are detachably connected to the movable locking tongue respectively. The first sliding slot 34 is located at the combination position of the movable locking tongue when the first toothed disc 29 is connected to the second toothed disc 32, and the second sliding slot 35 is located at the combination position of the movable locking tongue when the third toothed disc 30 is connected to the fourth toothed disc 33. The second fixed ring 21 is provided with a movable locking tongue, and the movable locking tongue can be selectively matched and connected with the first sliding slot 34 or the second sliding slot 35. The adjustment component is used to selectively make the first sliding slot 34 or the second sliding slot 35 cooperate with the movable locking tongue to achieve the adjustment of the stroke.

[0079] Preferably, the movable locking tongue includes a locking tongue 36 and a second compression spring 37. A sliding groove 38 is provided in the second fixing ring 21, and a locking tongue 36 and a second compression spring 37 are provided in the sliding groove 38. One end of the second compression spring 37 is fixedly connected to the groove wall of the sliding groove 38, and the other end is fixedly connected to the locking tongue 36. The locking tongue 36 is connected to the sliding rod at the lower end of the screw rod 23, and an arc-shaped card is provided at one end of the locking tongue 36 close to the screw rod 23, and the first sliding card slot 34 and the second sliding card slot 35 are respectively detachably connected to the arc-shaped card.

[0080] The adjustment assembly includes an elastic member, a magnetic member 41 and an electromagnet 42. A plurality of elastic members are arranged on the end surface of the first fixed ring 20 close to the sliding ring 22. The elastic members can selectively contact the sliding ring 22 and drive the sliding ring 22 to move away from the first fixed ring 20. A plurality of magnetic members 41 (preferably magnets) are embedded in the sliding ring 22. A plurality of electromagnets 42 corresponding to the magnetic members 41 are arranged on the second fixed ring 21. The opposite magnetic poles of the electromagnets 42 and the magnetic members 41 are opposite, so as to repel each other.

[0081] The adjustment assembly further includes a plurality of first guide rods 39, both ends of which are connected to the first fixing ring 20 and the second fixing ring 21 respectively, and are parallel to the axis direction of the drill tube 1. The sliding ring 22 is slidably connected to the first guide rod 39, and the elastic member is a first compression spring 40 sleeved on the circumference of the first guide rod 39, and one end of the first compression spring 40 is fixedly connected to the first fixing ring 20.

[0082] Taking the screw 23 as a right-handed example, when the first toothed disc 29 is connected to the second toothed disc 32, the screw 23 rotates counterclockwise from a top view. At this time, the arc-shaped card of the lock tongue 36 is connected to the first sliding card slot 34, driving the sliding ring 22 to move in the direction close to the first fixed ring 20 along the axis of the drill tube 1, and the cutting knife 4 moves in the direction close to the drill tube 1. As the sliding ring 22 continues to approach the first fixed ring 20 and contacts the first compression spring 40, the first compression spring 40 is compressed, and its elastic force gradually increases, and finally squeezes the sliding ring 22 to move downward. At this time, the screw 23 moves downward synchronously, and the arc-shaped card slides out of the first sliding card slot 34 until it is opposite to and engaged with the second sliding card slot 35. At the same time, the first toothed disc 29 is disconnected from the second toothed disc 32, the third toothed disc 30 is connected to the fourth toothed disc 33, and the screw 23 starts to rotate clockwise, driving the sliding ring 22 to move downward. The sliding ring 22 moves along the axis of the drill tube 1 toward the direction close to the second fixed ring 21, and the cutting knife 4 moves away from the drill tube 1 accordingly. At this time, the magnetic member 41 gradually approaches the electromagnet 42, and the repulsive force between the two increases, driving the sliding ring 22 to move upward. The screw 23 moves upward synchronously, and the arc card slides out of the second sliding card slot 35 until it is opposite to and engaged with the first sliding card slot 34. At the same time, the third toothed tooth plate 30 is disconnected from the fourth toothed tooth plate 33, and the screw 23 rotates counterclockwise, driving the sliding ring 22 to move upward. The above process is repeated in a cycle, and the cutting knife 4 can slide radially along the drill tube 1. By changing the magnetic force of the electromagnet 42 (for example, adjusting the current charged in the electromagnet 42), the cutting radius of the cutting knife 4 can be controlled: when the magnetic force of the electromagnet 42 is large, the repulsive force between the electromagnet 42 and the magnetic member 41 increases, and the cutting radius of the cutting knife 4 decreases; when the magnetic force of the electromagnet 42 is small, the repulsive force decreases, and the cutting radius of the cutting knife 4 increases. Therefore, by adjusting the magnetic force of the electromagnet 42 , the sliding stroke of the cutting blade 4 can be changed.

[0083] In addition, refer to Figure 8-9 The present invention also includes a driving and guiding mechanism of the cutting knife 4, which specifically includes a first gear ring 43, a third power assembly, a second guide rod 46, a third guide rod 47, a fourth bevel gear 48, a fifth bevel gear 49, a cam 50 and a slider. The first gear ring 43 is located above the adjustment disk 3 and is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the drill tube 1. The third power assembly is used to drive the first gear ring 43 to rotate, and it includes a third drive motor 44 and a seventh bevel gear 45 keyed to the output shaft of the third drive motor 44. The third drive motor 44 is fixedly connected above the adjustment disk 3, and the seventh bevel gear 45 is meshed with the first gear ring 43. When the third drive motor 44 is started, the first gear ring 43 is driven to rotate through the seventh bevel gear 45.

[0084] A plurality of second guide rods 46 and a third guide rod 47 are arranged on the upper surface of the adjustment disk 3 along the radial direction of the drill tube 1, and the plurality of second guide rods 46 and the plurality of third guide rods 47 are movably connected to the plurality of first sliders 18 in a one-to-one correspondence. A plurality of mounting seats 53 are arranged on the adjustment disk 3, and the two ends of the third guide rod 47 are respectively connected to the two mounting seats 53, and the two ends of the second guide rod 46 are respectively connected to the two mounting seats 53 for rotation. The end of the second guide rod 46 close to the drill tube 1 passes through the mounting seat 53 and is keyed to a fourth bevel gear 48, which is meshed with the first gear ring 43 for transmission. A fifth bevel gear 49 is slidably connected to the second guide rod 46, which is located between the two mounting seats 53 connected to the second guide rod 46 and is rotatably connected to the first slider 18. The third guide rod 47 is slidably connected to the first slider 18 for guiding the sliding of the first slider 18. A sixth bevel gear 58 and a cam 50 are coaxially arranged on the first slider 18 for rotation, and the sixth bevel gear 58 is meshed with the fifth bevel gear 49 for transmission. The cam 50 is fixedly connected to one end away from the sixth bevel gear 58 with a camshaft, and the camshaft is staggered with the axis of the cam 50. The second slider 51 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the cutting knife 4, and a vertical slot 52 is provided on the end surface close to the cam 50, and the camshaft is slidably connected to the vertical slot 52.

[0085] Start the third drive motor 44 to drive the seventh bevel gear 45 to rotate, thereby driving the first ring gear 43 to rotate relative to the drill barrel 1, further driving the fourth bevel gear 48 to rotate, and at the same time driving the second guide rod 46 and the fifth bevel gear 49 to rotate. The fifth bevel gear 49 is meshed with the sixth bevel gear 58 to drive the camshaft to rotate, so that the cutting knife 4 can move in a small range in the radial direction of the drill barrel 1, thereby increasing the contact area between the cutting knife 4 and the soil per unit time and improving the soil crushing efficiency.

[0086] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a side wall of the second guide rod 46 is provided with a strip-shaped protrusion, and the fifth bevel gear 49 is provided with a keyway. The strip-shaped protrusion is slidably connected to the keyway and can rotate synchronously.

[0087] Optionally, a slide rail 54 is provided on the upper surface of the adjustment disk 3, and the slide rail 54 is arranged along the radial direction of the drill tube 1, and the second slider 51 is slidably connected to the slide rail 54. A strip hole 55 is provided on the lower surface of the slide rail 54 and the adjustment disk 3, and the cutting knife 4 is arranged through the strip hole 55. A retractable sealing component (not shown in the figure) is provided in the strip hole 55, which is used to reduce the possibility of soil passing through the strip hole 55 during the sliding process of the cutting knife 4. The sealing component adopts the existing technology and is not repeated here. Similarly, the present invention also provides other sealing structures (not shown in the figure) on the outside of structures such as bevel gears and screws 23 to achieve a dustproof effect.

[0088] The shell 56 is located below the soil discharge pipe 7, with its upper end fixedly connected to the outer wall of the upper end of the drill tube 1, and its lower end fixedly connected to the side wall edge of the adjustment plate and extending downward, and the cover is arranged on the surrounding side of the reciprocating drive mechanism and the stroke adjustment mechanism to achieve a dust-proof effect.

[0089] In addition, a connecting plate 57 is fixedly connected to the support frame 10 for connecting other control devices (such as a construction trolley, etc.) to drive the excavation equipment of the present invention to be lifted and lowered and to change its position.

[0090] Working principle of the present invention:

[0091] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for using an excavation device for construction, comprising the following steps:

[0092] The first step is to hoist the above excavation equipment to the excavation site; adjust the cutting knife 4 to the side wall close to the lower end of the drill tube 1 through the second power assembly and the stroke adjustment assembly, then close the second power assembly and the stroke adjustment assembly to keep the cutting knife 4 and the drill tube 1 relatively still, and then start the first power assembly to drive the drill tube 1 and the spiral auger 2 to rotate in opposite directions respectively;

[0093] The second step is to drive the excavation equipment to cut the soil downwards and ensure that the adjustment plate is located above the excavated soil;

[0094] Step 3: Synchronously start the second power assembly and the stroke adjustment assembly, so that the cutting knife 4 reciprocates in the direction away from and close to the drill tube 1, and the stroke adjustment assembly continuously adjusts the cutting radius between the cutting knife 4 and the axis of the drill tube 1, and gradually increases from small to large;

[0095] Repeat the second and third steps to continue digging downwards;

[0096] Step 4: After the excavation is completed, lift the excavation equipment upwards and clean the bottom.

[0097] Preferably, in the first step, "adjusting the cutting knife 4 to the side wall close to the lower end of the drill barrel 1 through the second power assembly and the stroke adjustment assembly, and then closing the second power assembly and the stroke adjustment assembly to keep the cutting knife 4 and the drill barrel 1 relatively still" specifically includes: starting the second drive motor 28 to drive the screw 23 to rotate, and using an electromagnet to realize the upward movement of the sliding ring 22 so that the sliding ring 22 moves toward the direction of the first fixed rod, and the first slider 18 drives the cutting knife 4 to move toward the drill barrel 1, so that the cutting knife 4 is close to the lower end of the drill barrel 1, that is, near the soil extraction cavity 5.

[0098] Through the above operation, it can be achieved that the cutting blade 4 mainly cuts the soil near the drill tube 1 during the initial cutting of the soil, and then gradually expands the cutting radius.

[0099] The main operation of the third step is to adjust the magnetic force of the electromagnet 42 to the maximum at the beginning, so that the cutter 4 mainly cuts the soil near the drill tube 1, and then gradually reduce the magnetic force of the electromagnet 42 to increase the cutting radius of the cutter 4.

[0100] Optionally, the third step also includes turning on the third drive motor 44 to increase the cutting complexity of the cutting blade 4 so that it contacts more soil to achieve cutting.

[0101] In the prior art, when the cutting blade 4 cuts a large volume of soil at one time, it will be subjected to greater resistance, which may easily cause the blade of the cutting blade 4 to wear, deform, or even break. The present invention optimizes the movement of the cutting blade 4, gradually cutting the soil from close to the drill tube 1 to the outside, thereby achieving the effect of cutting and gathering the soil in batches, thereby reducing the resistance of the cutting blade 4 in the process of gathering the soil, reducing the risk of wear and damage of the cutting blade 4, extending the service life of the cutting blade 4, and reducing construction costs and time costs.

[0102] The excavation equipment of the present invention can realize the cutting action of the cutting knife 4 in different radius areas through the cooperation of the stroke adjustment mechanism and the reciprocating drive mechanism, adapt to the needs of different earthwork volumes, enhance the adaptability of the equipment, and enable it to work effectively in various construction environments.

[0103] The first power assembly adopts a planetary gear 17 structure, which can effectively transmit power to the drill tube 1 and the spiral auger 2, realize the reverse rotation of the two, and improve the efficiency of excavation and transportation of soil.

[0104] The design of the housing 56 also effectively prevents dust from entering the interior of the device, thereby reducing the maintenance workload of the device.

[0105] By reducing the wear and damage of the cutting blade 4 and improving the operation efficiency and stability of the equipment, the excavation equipment of the present invention can reduce the construction cost and improve the economy and feasibility of the construction.

[0106] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0107] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An excavation equipment for construction, characterized in that: Comprising: A drill pipe (1), with a soil inlet hole (6) and a soil discharge hole (8) respectively arranged at the lower end and the upper end of the drill pipe (1); A spiral auger (2) rotatably connected inside the drill pipe (1); A first power assembly for driving the drill pipe (1) and the spiral auger (2) to rotate in opposite directions respectively; An adjustment disk (3) fixedly connected to the circumferential side of the middle part of the drill pipe (1); A plurality of cutting blades (4) arranged parallel to the drill pipe (1), with their upper ends slidably connected to the adjustment disk (3) in the radial direction of the drill pipe (1), and their lower ends located on the periphery of the soil inlet hole (6); A reciprocating driving mechanism for driving the upper ends of the cutting blades (4) to slide reciprocally in the radial direction of the drill pipe (1); And A stroke adjustment mechanism for adjusting the sliding stroke of the cutting blades (4).

2. The excavation equipment for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reciprocating driving mechanism comprises: A plurality of first sliders (18) respectively connected to the upper ends of the plurality of cutting blades (4) one by one, and the first sliders (18) are slidably connected to the adjustment disk (3) in the radial direction of the drill pipe (1); A plurality of connecting rods (19), one ends of which are respectively hinged to the plurality of first sliders (18) one by one; A first fixing ring (20) and a second fixing ring (21) spaced and fixedly sleeved on the circumferential side of the drill pipe (1) above the adjustment disk (3), and a sliding ring (22) slidably sleeved on the circumferential side of the drill pipe (1), the sliding ring (22) is located between the first fixing ring (20) and the second fixing ring (21), and the other ends of the plurality of connecting rods (19) are hinged to the sliding ring (22); A plurality of screw rods (23) rotatably connected between the first fixing ring (20) and the second fixing ring (21), the screw rods (23) are threadedly connected to the sliding ring (22), and the stroke adjustment mechanism selectively adjusts the screw rods (23) in the self-rotating direction; and A second power assembly for driving the screw rods (23) to rotate.

3. The excavation equipment for construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second power assembly comprises: A gear rack (24) fixedly connected to the first fixing ring (20), the gear rack (24) is in a "C" - shaped structure, including a first horizontal plate, a vertical plate and a second horizontal plate which are integrally formed or connected, a first bevel gear (25), a second bevel gear (26) and a third bevel gear (27) are respectively rotatably connected to the first horizontal plate, the vertical plate and the second horizontal plate, the first bevel gear (25) and the third bevel gear (27) are respectively meshed and driven with the second bevel gear (26), one end of the screw rod (23) movably penetrates through the first bevel gear (25) and the third bevel gear (27), and the stroke adjustment mechanism selectively drives one of the first bevel gear (25) and the third bevel gear (27) to be in transmission connection with the screw rod (23); and A second driving motor (28) in transmission connection with any one of the first bevel gear (25), the second bevel gear (26) and the third bevel gear (27).

4. The excavation equipment for construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The stroke adjustment mechanism comprises: A first tooth disk (29) and a third tooth disk (30) are respectively arranged on the opposite surfaces of the first bevel gear (25) and the third bevel gear (27); A toothed disc sleeve (31) is fixedly connected to one end circumferential side of the screw rod (23) located between the first bevel gear (25) and the third bevel gear (27); a second toothed disc (32) is arranged on the side of the toothed disc sleeve (31) close to the first toothed disc (29); a fourth toothed disc (33) is arranged on the side of the toothed disc sleeve (31) close to the third toothed disc (30); the first toothed disc (29) and the second toothed disc (32), and the third toothed disc (30) and the fourth toothed disc are all detachably connected; The side wall at the other end of the screw rod (23) is provided with two first sliding slots (34) and second sliding slots (35) which are spaced apart from each other. The second fixing ring (21) is provided with a movable locking tongue. The first sliding slot (34) and the second sliding slot (35) are respectively detachably connected to the movable locking tongue. The first sliding slot (34) is located at a combined position of the movable locking tongue when the first toothed tooth plate (29) and the second toothed tooth plate (32) are connected. The second sliding slot (35) is located at a combined position of the movable locking tongue when the third toothed tooth plate (30) and the fourth toothed tooth plate (33) are connected. An adjustment component for selectively adjusting one of the first sliding slot (34) and the second sliding slot (35) which is cooperatively connected with the movable locking tongue.

5. The excavation equipment for construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment component comprises: A plurality of elastic members are arranged on the end surface of the first fixed ring (20) close to the sliding ring (22), wherein the elastic members selectively contact the sliding ring (22) and drive the sliding ring (22) to move away from the first fixed ring (20); The sliding ring (22) is embedded with a plurality of magnetic parts (41); and The second fixing ring (21) is provided with a plurality of electromagnets (42) arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of magnetic parts (41), and the electromagnets (42) and the magnetic parts (41) repel each other.

6. The excavation equipment for construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly further comprises a plurality of first guide rods (39) whose two ends are respectively connected to the first fixing ring (20) and the second fixing ring (21); the first guide rods (39) are parallel to the axial direction of the drill tube (1); the sliding ring (22) is slidably connected to the first guide rods (39); the elastic member is a first compression spring (40) sleeved on the circumference of the first guide rods (39); one end of the first compression spring (40) is fixedly connected to the first fixing ring (20).

7. The excavation equipment for construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: A first gear ring (43) located above the adjustment plate (3) and rotatably connected to the outer wall of the drill tube (1); a third power assembly for driving the first gear ring (43) to rotate; A plurality of second guide rods (46) and a third guide rod (47) are arranged on the upper surface of the adjustment disk (3) along the radial direction of the drill tube (1); the plurality of second guide rods (46) and third guide rods (47) are movably connected to and penetrate the plurality of first sliders (18) in a one-to-one correspondence; a fourth bevel gear (48) is keyed to one end of the second guide rod (46) close to the drill tube (1); the fourth bevel gear (48) is meshed with the first gear ring (43) for transmission; a fifth bevel gear (49) is slidably connected to the second guide rod (46) along its length direction and can rotate synchronously; the fifth bevel gear (49) is rotatably connected to the first slider (18); and the third guide rod (47) is slidably connected to the first slider (18); The sixth bevel gear (58) and the cam (50) on the first slider (18) are rotated in a one-to-one correspondence and coaxially, the sixth bevel gear (58) is meshed with the fifth bevel gear (49) for transmission, the end surface of the cam (50) away from the sixth bevel gear (58) is fixedly connected to a camshaft, and the camshaft and the axis of the cam (50) are staggered; as well as A second sliding block (51) is slidably connected to the adjustment disk (3) along the radial direction of the drill tube (1), the second sliding block (51) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the cutting knife (4), a vertical sliding groove (52) is provided on the end surface of the second sliding block (51) close to the cam (50), and the cam shaft is slidably connected to the vertical sliding groove (52).

8. The excavation equipment for construction according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The lower end side wall of the drill tube (1) is provided with a soil sampling cavity (5), the soil sampling cavity (5) is located below the adjustment plate (3), and the soil sampling cavity (5) is provided with a plurality of strip-shaped soil entry holes (6) arranged in the same direction as the rotation direction of the drill tube (1); The upper end side wall of the drill tube (1) is provided with a soil discharge pipe (7), and the soil discharge pipe (7) is provided with the soil discharge hole (8); The cutting blade (4) is an arc-shaped structure, and the cutting blade (4) can guide the soil to move in the direction of the soil entry hole (6); The lower end of the rotating shaft of the spiral auger (2) passes through the soil extraction cavity (5) and is fixedly connected to a drill bit (9); The excavation equipment also includes a shell (56), which is located below the soil discharge pipe (7), the upper end of the shell (56) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the upper end of the drill tube (1), the shell (56) is covered around the reciprocating drive mechanism and the stroke adjustment mechanism, and the lower end of the shell (56) is fixedly connected to the edge of the side wall of the adjustment plate and extends downward.

9. The excavation equipment and method of use for construction according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The first power assembly comprises: A support frame (10) rotatably connected to the upper end of the drill tube (1), wherein a first drive motor (11) is fixedly connected inside the support frame (10); and A planetary gear (17) comprises a sun gear (14), a second gear ring (15) and a planet carrier (16); the sun gear (14) is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the first drive motor (11), and the sun gear (14) is connected to the rotating shaft of the spiral auger (2); the second gear ring (15) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the drill tube (1); a planetary gear (17) is mounted on the planet carrier (16); the planetary gear (17) is meshed with the sun gear (14) and the gear ring respectively; and the planet carrier (16) is fixedly connected to a support frame (10).

10. A method for using the excavation equipment for construction according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The first step is to hoist the above-mentioned excavation equipment to the excavation site, adjust the cutting knife (4) to a position close to the lower side wall of the drill tube (1) through the second power assembly and the stroke adjustment assembly, then close the second power assembly and the stroke adjustment assembly so that the cutting knife (4) and the drill tube (1) remain relatively still, and then start the first power assembly to drive the drill tube (1) and the spiral auger (2) to rotate in opposite directions respectively; The second step is to drive the excavation equipment to cut the soil downwards and ensure that the adjustment plate is located above the excavated soil; Step 3: Synchronously start the second power assembly and the stroke adjustment assembly, so that the cutting knife (4) reciprocates in the direction away from and close to the drill tube (1), and the stroke adjustment assembly continuously adjusts the cutting radius between the cutting knife (4) and the axis of the drill tube (1), and gradually increases from small to large; Repeat the second and third steps to continue digging downwards; Step 4: After the excavation is completed, lift the excavation equipment upwards and clean the bottom.

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