Prefabricated outer wall hole sealing and waterproof structure and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of prefabricated buildings, in particular to a prefabricated outer wall hole sealing and waterproof structure and a using method thereof.The prefabricated outer wall hole sealing and waterproof structure comprises a prefabricated outer wall, a placement cavity is formed in the surface of the prefabricated outer wall, and two symmetrically-formed clamping grooves are formed in the two sides of the inner wall of the placement cavity; and inclined blocks are fixedly connected to the two sides of an inner cavity of the clamping groove, a sealing structure is arranged in an inner cavity of the containing cavity and comprises a sealing plate located in the inner cavity of the containing cavity, a two-way threaded rod is rotationally connected to the center of an inner cavity of the sealing plate, and a first bevel gear is fixedly connected to the surface of the two-way threaded rod. The sealing structure has the advantages that the sealing and waterproof performance is improved, efficient and stable installation between the sealing block and the prefabricated outer wall is achieved through the arranged sealing structure and the well-designed sealing structure, accurate butt joint between the sealing block and the outer wall can be achieved, and constructors can conveniently, rapidly and accurately complete installation operation on site.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of prefabricated assembled buildings, and in particular to a prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Prefabricated and assembled buildings refer to buildings that use factory-standardized assembly line processing products as components and are assembled and connected. The factory-standardized assembly line processing products here refer to some concrete components pre-made in the factory, such as walls, beams, slabs, columns, balconies, stairs, etc. After these components are prefabricated, they will be transported to the construction site, where they will be assembled and connected to form the required building structure. Looking at the entire process, it can be found that it has the advantages of high overall precision, compact construction schedule, good on-site construction environment, and greatly reduced material waste.

[0003] Prefabricated exterior walls, as an important component of prefabricated buildings, are assembled at the construction site. Horizontal and vertical joints are easily generated between prefabricated components. There are also joints in the reserved placement cavities of the prefabricated components themselves and in the joints between the prefabricated components and the cast-in-place concrete structures. These joints are prone to deformation and cracks, which in turn form water seepage channels, which are prone to leakage during the rainy season.

[0004] In the current construction industry, although prefabricated exterior walls have brought many conveniences to construction with their efficient and standardized production model, the existing prefabricated exterior wall settings often fail to fully consider the convenience and efficiency of cavity sealing. There is a lack of matching and easy-to-install sealing block structures, which increases the difficulty and complexity of on-site construction. Improper installation may also result in poor sealing effects, which in turn affects the waterproof performance and structural stability of the entire exterior wall system.

[0005] In terms of waterproof structure, most prefabricated exterior wall installation cavities rely on a single waterproof adhesive as a waterproof barrier. Although the waterproof adhesive has a certain waterproof effect, it is easily affected by environmental factors (such as temperature changes, humidity fluctuations, ultraviolet radiation, etc.) during long-term use, resulting in aging and cracking, thereby weakening its waterproof performance. In addition, the use of water-stop adhesive alone is often difficult to cope with complex and changeable construction environments, such as installation cavities of different sizes and shapes, or situations that need to withstand high water pressure, which will affect the waterproof effect of the water-stop adhesive. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure and a method of using the same, which has the advantages of improving the sealing and waterproofing performance and solves the problems raised by the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure, comprising: a prefabricated exterior wall, a surface of which is provided with an accommodation cavity, two sides of the inner wall of the accommodation cavity are provided with two symmetrically arranged card slots, and both sides of the inner cavity of the card slot are fixedly connected with inclined blocks.

[0008] The inner cavity of the placement cavity is provided with a sealing structure.

[0009] The sealing structure includes a sealing plate located in the inner cavity of the placement chamber, a bidirectional threaded rod is rotatably connected to the center of the inner cavity of the sealing plate, a bevel gear 1 is fixedly connected to the surface of the bidirectional threaded rod, a transmission tube is penetrated through one side of the sealing plate, one end of the transmission tube penetrates into the inner cavity of the sealing plate and is fixedly connected to bevel gear 2, bevel gear 1 is meshed with bevel gear 2, and two symmetrically arranged U-shaped movable plates 56 are threadedly connected to the surface of the bidirectional threaded rod 52, and two symmetrically arranged clamping blocks are fixedly connected to one side of the U-shaped movable plate, and the clamping blocks are respectively adapted to the clamping groove and the bevel block.

[0010] The interior of the prefabricated exterior wall is provided with a waterproof structure.

[0011] The waterproof structure includes a strip groove, which is opened inside the prefabricated exterior wall. The inner cavity of the strip groove is connected to a plurality of drain pipes, one end of the drain pipe passes through the outside of the prefabricated exterior wall, a flashing layer is provided on one side of the prefabricated exterior wall, and an exhaust layer is provided on the other side of the prefabricated exterior wall and one side of the flashing layer. A polymer cement waterproof coating and a polyurethane waterproof coating are respectively provided on the opposite sides of the two exhaust layers.

[0012] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, auxiliary blocks are fixedly connected to both sides of the card block, the auxiliary blocks are adapted to the card slots, and one side of the auxiliary block is fixedly connected to the U-shaped movable plate.

[0013] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the clamping block is provided with an inclined surface matched with the inclined block.

[0014] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top and bottom of the U-shaped movable plate are fixedly connected to limit blocks, and both sides of the inner cavity of the sealing plate are provided with limit grooves adapted to the limit blocks.

[0015] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one side of the transmission tube is rotatably connected to a support plate, the support plate is located on one side of the bevel gear 2, and the bottom of the support plate is fixedly connected to a sealing plate.

[0016] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a pouring hole is provided on one side of the prefabricated exterior wall and the top of the sealing plate, and the inner cavity of the pouring hole is communicated with the placement cavity.

[0017] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a tongue and groove is provided on one side of the accommodating cavity, a water retaining plate is provided in the inner cavity of the tongue and groove, and one side of the water retaining plate is fixedly connected to the sealing plate.

[0018] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one end of the transmission pipe passes through the outside of the water baffle, the inner cavity of the transmission pipe is fixedly connected with three positioning rods distributed in a ring shape, the inner cavity of the transmission pipe is provided with a rotating rod, and the surface of the rotating rod is provided with a positioning groove adapted to the positioning rod.

[0019] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, water-stop steel plates are fixedly connected to both sides of the prefabricated exterior wall.

[0020] In the present invention, a method for using a prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure comprises the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: by placing the sealing plate in the inner cavity of the placement cavity, so that the water retaining plate and the tongue and groove are connected, the construction personnel connect the rotating rod with the transmission pipe, so that the positioning rod is located in the inner cavity of the positioning groove, and then rotate the rotating rod. The rotating rod drives the transmission pipe to rotate through the positioning rod, and the transmission pipe drives the second bevel gear to rotate. Since the second bevel gear and the two-way threaded rod are meshing, the second bevel gear drives the two-way threaded rod to rotate, and the two-way threaded rod drives the two U-shaped moving plates to move back to each other. The U-shaped moving plate pushes the card block to move toward the inner cavity of the card slot. When the card block moves to contact the inclined block, the inclined surface provided on its surface and its own elasticity are used to squeeze and shrink the card block inward at this time. The card block continues to move toward the inner cavity of the card slot until the inclined block is located between the card block and the auxiliary block. Due to the elastic characteristics of the card block itself, when the inclined block does not act on the card block, the card block returns to its original shape, so that the card block is stuck in the inner cavity of the card slot. At this time, the sealing structure is used to complete the sealing of the placement cavity;

[0022] Step 2: After the sealing structure is connected to the prefabricated exterior wall, the construction personnel can pull the rotating rod to move it away from the inner cavity of the positioning rod. At this time, the construction personnel can fill the inner cavity of the positioning rod with waterproof slurry, and fill the inner cavity of the sealing plate with waterproof slurry through the injection hole, so that the space at the connection between the prefabricated exterior wall and the sealing structure is sealed, ensuring the integrity of the sealing between the prefabricated exterior wall and the sealing plate:

[0023] Step 3: After the cavity is sealed, apply the polymer cement waterproof coating and a flashing layer to one side of the prefabricated exterior wall. When the prefabricated exterior wall is subjected to water pressure, the strip groove can absorb part of the pressure to prevent water from directly penetrating the waterproof structure. The drain pipe cooperates with the strip groove to provide a drainage channel for water seepage, and the water that penetrates into the interior of the prefabricated exterior wall is discharged in time, reducing the possibility of water retention. The flashing layer is used to make the water flow in a set direction, thereby preventing water from flowing into the room. The balanced air pressure difference is used to prevent the polymer cement waterproof coating and the polyurethane waterproof coating from being damaged due to excessive air pressure difference. At the same time, the flashing layer also helps to discharge moisture and water from the interior of the prefabricated exterior wall and keep the structure dry. A complete high-strength and tough waterproof coating film is formed by the polymer cement waterproof coating and the polyurethane waterproof coating, which can block the penetration of water molecules. The waterproof structure completes the waterproof function through multi-layer protection, physical and chemical combined waterproofing methods, and the combination of active drainage and passive protection, ensuring the waterproof effect of the building exterior wall.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The technical solution of the present application has the following technical effects: the present invention has the advantages of improving the sealing and waterproofing performance. Through the set sealing structure and the carefully designed sealing structure, the efficient and stable installation between the sealing block and the prefabricated exterior wall is achieved, which not only enables the precise docking between the sealing block and the exterior wall, but also facilitates the construction personnel to complete the installation work quickly and accurately on site, ensuring the close fit between the sealing block and the exterior wall, and effectively preventing the penetration of moisture, air or other harmful substances; through the set waterproof structure, including waterproof coating, flashing layer, strip groove and drain pipe, the waterproofing performance of the prefabricated exterior wall is improved; the waterproof coating fits tightly to the building surface with its penetration resistance and adhesion, effectively isolating the penetration of external water sources; the flashing layer enhances the overall strength and durability of the waterproof layer, and can maintain the stability of the waterproofing effect even under severe weather conditions; and the coordinated use of the strip groove and the drain pipe guides and removes the infiltrated moisture to avoid its accumulation inside the structure, thereby eliminating potential water leakage hazards, greatly improving the waterproofing performance of the prefabricated exterior wall, and extending its service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a bottom-up stereoscopic schematic diagram of a partial structural cross section of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional stereoscopic schematic diagram of the sealing structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a partially exploded three-dimensional schematic diagram of the sealing structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a split three-dimensional waterproof structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the prefabricated exterior wall and waterproof structure of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure, the meaning of each figure mark is as follows: 1. Prefabricated exterior wall; 2. Placement cavity; 3. Slot; 4. Oblique block; 5. Sealing structure; 51. Sealing plate; 52. Bidirectional threaded rod; 53. Bevel gear one; 54. Transmission pipe; 55. Bevel gear two; 56. U-shaped moving plate; 57. Block; 58. Auxiliary block; 59. Limit block; 510. Limit groove; 511. Support plate; 512. Positioning rod; 513. Rotating rod; 514. Positioning groove; 6. Waterproof structure; 61. Strip groove; 62. Drain pipe; 63. Water-flooding layer; 64. Exhaust layer; 65. Polymer cement waterproof coating; 66. Polyurethane waterproof coating; 7. Pouring hole; 8. Water retaining plate; 9. Waterstop steel plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are cited and explained in conjunction with the drawings as follows. Various aspects of the present invention are described in this disclosure with reference to the drawings, in which many illustrative embodiments are shown. It should be understood that the various concepts and embodiments introduced above, as well as those described in more detail below, can be implemented in any of many ways. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] As attached Figure 1 To Attachment Figure 7 As shown: This embodiment provides a prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure, including: a prefabricated exterior wall 1, a placement cavity 2 is provided on the surface of the prefabricated exterior wall 1, two symmetrically arranged card grooves 3 are provided on both sides of the inner wall of the placement cavity 2, and inclined blocks 4 are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner cavity of the card groove 3.

[0036] The inner cavity of the placement cavity 2 is provided with a sealing structure 5 .

[0037] The sealing structure 5 includes a sealing plate 51 located in the inner cavity of the placement chamber 2, a bidirectional threaded rod 52 is rotatably connected to the center of the inner cavity of the sealing plate 51, a bevel gear 1 53 is fixedly connected to the surface of the bidirectional threaded rod 52, a transmission tube 54 is penetrated through one side of the sealing plate 51, one end of the transmission tube 54 penetrates into the inner cavity of the sealing plate 51 and is fixedly connected to a bevel gear 2 55, the bevel gear 1 53 is meshed with the bevel gear 2 55, the surface of the bidirectional threaded rod 52 is threadedly connected to two symmetrically arranged U-shaped movable plates 56, one side of the U-shaped movable plate 56 is fixedly connected to two symmetrically arranged clamping blocks 57, the surface of the clamping block 57 is provided with an inclined surface adapted to the inclined block 4, the clamping block 57 is respectively adapted to the clamping slot 3 and the inclined block 4.

[0038] A waterproof structure 6 is arranged inside the prefabricated exterior wall 1 .

[0039] The waterproof structure 6 includes a strip groove 61, which is opened inside the prefabricated exterior wall 1. The inner cavity of the strip groove 61 is connected to a plurality of drain pipes 62. One end of the drain pipe 62 passes through the outside of the prefabricated exterior wall 1. A flashing layer 63 is provided on one side of the prefabricated exterior wall 1, and exhaust layers 64 are provided on the other side of the prefabricated exterior wall 1 and one side of the flashing layer 63. A polymer cement waterproof coating 65 and a polyurethane waterproof coating 66 are respectively provided on the opposite sides of the two exhaust layers 64.

[0040] Specifically, auxiliary blocks 58 are fixedly connected to both sides of the clamping block 57 . The auxiliary blocks 58 are adapted to the clamping slot 3 , and one side of the auxiliary block 58 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped moving plate 56 .

[0041] In this embodiment, the auxiliary block 58 is provided to further increase the sealing surface between the sealing structure 5 and the prefabricated exterior wall 1 , thereby improving the sealing performance between the prefabricated exterior wall 1 and the sealing structure 5 .

[0042] Specifically, the top and bottom of the U-shaped movable plate 56 are fixedly connected to the limiting blocks 59 , and both sides of the inner cavity of the sealing plate 51 are provided with limiting grooves 510 matched with the limiting blocks 59 .

[0043] In this embodiment, the limiting block 59 and the limiting groove 510 are used in coordination to guide and limit the U-shaped movable plate 56 , thereby ensuring the moving trajectory of the U-shaped movable plate 56 .

[0044] Specifically, one side of the transmission tube 54 is rotatably connected to a support plate 511 . The support plate 511 is located on one side of the second bevel gear 55 . The bottom of the support plate 511 is fixedly connected to the sealing plate 51 .

[0045] In this embodiment, the support plate 511 is provided to support the bevel gear 2 55 , thereby further ensuring the stability of the bevel gear 2 55 during rotation.

[0046] Specifically, a pouring hole 7 is opened on one side of the top of the prefabricated exterior wall 1 and the sealing plate 51 , and the inner cavity of the pouring hole 7 is connected with the placement cavity 2 .

[0047] In this embodiment, the provision of the injection hole 7 provides a channel for injecting the external waterproof slurry into the inner cavity of the sealing plate 51 .

[0048] Specifically, a tongue and groove is provided on one side of the placement cavity 2 , and a water retaining plate 8 is provided in the inner cavity of the tongue and groove. One side of the water retaining plate 8 is fixedly connected to the sealing plate 51 .

[0049] In this embodiment: through the arrangement of the tongue and groove and the water retaining plate 8, firstly, through the arrangement of the tongue and groove, the moisture in the inner cavity of the placement cavity 2 can be diverted, and secondly, through the arrangement of the water retaining plate 8, the sealing of the placement cavity 2 can be ensured.

[0050] Specifically, one end of the transmission tube 54 passes through the outside of the water baffle 8, and the inner cavity of the transmission tube 54 is fixedly connected with three circularly distributed positioning rods 512. The inner cavity of the transmission tube 54 is provided with a rotating rod 513, and the surface of the rotating rod 513 is provided with a positioning groove 514 adapted to the positioning rod 512.

[0051] In this embodiment, by using the positioning rod 512 , the rotating rod 513 and the positioning groove 514 in coordination, an auxiliary tool for rotating the transmission tube 54 is provided to the construction personnel, so that the construction personnel can work on the transmission tube 54 more conveniently.

[0052] Specifically, water-stop steel plates 9 are fixedly connected to both sides of the prefabricated exterior wall 1 .

[0053] In this embodiment: by providing the water-stop steel plate 9, when the prefabricated exterior wall 1 is connected to other exterior walls, the structural gaps can be effectively sealed and blocked to prevent moisture penetration.

[0054] In the present invention, a method for using a prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure comprises the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: After the sealing plate 51 is placed in the inner cavity of the placement cavity 2 so that the water retaining plate 8 is connected to the tongue and groove, the construction personnel connect the rotating rod 513 with the transmission tube 54 so that the positioning rod 512 is located in the inner cavity of the positioning groove 514, and then rotate the rotating rod 513. The rotating rod 513 drives the transmission tube 54 to rotate through the positioning rod 512, and the transmission tube 54 drives the bevel gear 2 55 to rotate. Since the bevel gear 2 55 and the two-way threaded rod 52 are meshed, the bevel gear 2 55 drives the two-way threaded rod 52 to rotate, and the two-way threaded rod 52 drives the two U-shaped moving plates 56 The U-shaped moving plate 56 pushes the card block 57 to move toward the inner cavity of the card slot 3. When the card block 57 moves to contact the inclined block 4, the card block 57 is squeezed and contracted inwards by the inclined surface and its own elasticity. The card block 57 continues to move toward the inner cavity of the card slot 3 until the inclined block 4 is located between the card block 57 and the auxiliary block 58. Due to the elastic characteristics of the card block 57 itself, when the inclined block 4 does not act on the card block 57, the card block 57 returns to its original shape, so that the card block 57 is inserted into the inner cavity of the card slot 3. At this time, the sealing structure 5 is used to complete the sealing of the placement cavity 2.

[0056] Step 2: After the sealing structure 5 is connected to the prefabricated exterior wall 1, the construction personnel can pull the rotating rod 513 to move the rotating rod 513 away from the inner cavity of the positioning rod 512. At this time, the construction personnel can fill the inner cavity of the positioning rod 512 with waterproof slurry, and fill the inner cavity of the sealing plate 51 with waterproof slurry through the injection hole 7, so that the space at the connection between the prefabricated exterior wall 1 and the sealing structure 5 is sealed, ensuring the integrity of the sealing between the prefabricated exterior wall 1 and the sealing plate 51:

[0057] Step 3: After the cavity 2 is sealed, a polymer cement waterproof coating 65 and a flashing layer 63 are applied to one side of the prefabricated exterior wall 1. When the prefabricated exterior wall 1 is subjected to water pressure, the strip groove 61 can absorb part of the pressure to prevent water from directly penetrating the waterproof structure 6. The drain pipe 62 cooperates with the strip groove 61 to provide a drainage channel for water seepage, and the water that penetrates into the interior of the prefabricated exterior wall 1 is discharged in time, reducing the possibility of water retention. The flashing layer 63 is used to make the water flow along the set direction, thereby preventing water from flowing into the room. The balanced air pressure difference is used to prevent the polymer cement waterproof coating 65 and the polyurethane waterproof coating 66 from being damaged due to excessive air pressure difference. At the same time, the flashing layer 63 also helps to discharge moisture and water inside the prefabricated exterior wall 1 to keep the structure dry. The polymer cement waterproof coating 65 and the polyurethane waterproof coating 66 form a complete high-strength and tough waterproof coating film that can block the penetration of water molecules. The waterproof structure 6 completes the waterproof function through multi-layer protection, physical and chemical combined waterproof methods, and the combination of active drainage and passive protection, ensuring the waterproof effect of the building exterior wall.

[0058] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0059] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. A person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure, comprising: A prefabricated exterior wall (1), characterized in that: a placement cavity (2) is provided on the surface of the prefabricated exterior wall (1), two symmetrically arranged clamping grooves (3) are provided on both sides of the inner wall of the placement cavity (2), and inclined blocks (4) are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner cavity of the clamping groove (3); The inner cavity of the placement cavity (2) is provided with a sealing structure (5); The sealing structure (5) comprises a sealing plate (51) located in the inner cavity of the placement cavity (2); a bidirectional threaded rod (52) is rotatably connected at the center of the inner cavity of the sealing plate (51); a bevel gear 1 (53) is fixedly connected to the surface of the bidirectional threaded rod (52); a transmission tube (54) is provided through one side of the sealing plate (51); one end of the transmission tube (54) passes through the inner cavity of the sealing plate (51) and is fixedly connected to a bevel gear 2 (55); the bevel gear 1 (53) is meshed with the bevel gear 2 (55); two symmetrically arranged U-shaped movable plates (56) are threadedly connected to the surface of the bidirectional threaded rod (52); two symmetrically arranged clamping blocks (57) are fixedly connected to one side of the U-shaped movable plate (56); the clamping blocks (57) are respectively adapted to the clamping groove (3) and the inclined block (4); A waterproof structure (6) is provided inside the prefabricated exterior wall (1); The waterproof structure (6) comprises a strip groove (61), wherein the strip groove (61) is arranged inside the prefabricated exterior wall (1), wherein the inner cavity of the strip groove (61) is connected to a plurality of drain pipes (62), wherein one end of the drain pipe (62) penetrates to the outside of the prefabricated exterior wall (1), wherein a flashing layer (63) is arranged on one side of the prefabricated exterior wall (1), and an exhaust layer (64) is arranged on the other side of the prefabricated exterior wall (1) and one side of the flashing layer (63), and wherein opposite sides of the two exhaust layers (64) are respectively provided with a polymer cement waterproof coating (65) and a polyurethane waterproof coating (66).

2. A prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Auxiliary blocks (58) are fixedly connected to both sides of the clamping block (57); the auxiliary blocks (58) are adapted to the clamping slot (3); and one side of the auxiliary block (58) is fixedly connected to the U-shaped movable plate (56).

3. The prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the clamping block (57) is provided with an inclined surface which matches the inclined block (4).

4. The prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top and bottom of the U-shaped movable plate (56) are fixedly connected to the limit block (59), and both sides of the inner cavity of the sealing plate (51) are provided with limit grooves (510) adapted to the limit block (59).

5. The prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support plate (511) is rotatably connected to one side of the transmission tube (54), and the support plate (511) is located on one side of the second bevel gear (55). The bottom of the support plate (511) is fixedly connected to the sealing plate (51).

6. The prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pouring hole (7) is provided on one side of the top of the prefabricated exterior wall (1) and the sealing plate (51), and the inner cavity of the pouring hole (7) is connected to the placement cavity (2).

7. The prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tongue and groove is provided on one side of the placement cavity (2), and a water baffle (8) is provided in the inner cavity of the tongue and groove. One side of the water baffle (8) is fixedly connected to the sealing plate (51).

8. The prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: One end of the transmission tube (54) passes through the outer side of the water baffle (8); the inner cavity of the transmission tube (54) is fixedly connected with three positioning rods (512) distributed in a ring shape; the inner cavity of the transmission tube (54) is provided with a rotating rod (513); the surface of the rotating rod (513) is provided with a positioning groove (514) adapted to the positioning rod (512).

9. The prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Water-stop steel plates (9) are fixedly connected to both sides of the prefabricated exterior wall (1).

10. A method for using a prefabricated exterior wall opening sealing and waterproofing structure, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: After the sealing plate (51) is placed in the inner cavity of the placement cavity (2) so that the water retaining plate (8) is connected to the tongue and groove, the construction personnel connect the rotating rod (513) with the transmission tube (54) so ​​that the positioning rod (512) is located in the inner cavity of the positioning groove (514), and then the rotating rod (513) is rotated. The rotating rod (513) drives the transmission tube (54) to rotate through the positioning rod (512), and the transmission tube (54) drives the second bevel gear (55) to rotate. Since the second bevel gear (55) and the bidirectional threaded rod (52) are meshed, the second bevel gear (55) drives the bidirectional threaded rod (52) to rotate, and the bidirectional threaded rod (52) drives the two U-shaped moving plates (56). The U-shaped moving plate (56) pushes the card block (57) to move toward the inner cavity of the card slot (3). When the card block (57) moves to contact the inclined block (4), the card block (57) is squeezed and contracted inwards by utilizing the inclined surface on its surface and its own elasticity. The card block (57) continues to move toward the inner cavity of the card slot (3) until the inclined block (4) is located between the card block (57) and the auxiliary block (58). Due to the elastic characteristics of the card block (57), when the inclined block (4) does not act on the card block (57), the card block (57) returns to its original shape, thereby allowing the card block (57) to be inserted into the inner cavity of the card slot (3). At this time, the sealing structure (5) is used to complete the sealing of the placement cavity (2); Step 2: After the sealing structure (5) is connected to the prefabricated exterior wall (1), the construction personnel can pull the rotating rod (513) to move the rotating rod (513) away from the inner cavity of the positioning rod (512). At this time, the construction personnel can fill the inner cavity of the positioning rod (512) with waterproof slurry, and fill the inner cavity of the sealing plate (51) with waterproof slurry through the injection hole (7), so that the space at the connection between the prefabricated exterior wall (1) and the sealing structure (5) is sealed, thereby ensuring the integrity of the sealing between the prefabricated exterior wall (1) and the sealing plate (51). Step 3: After the cavity (2) is sealed, a polymer cement waterproof coating (65) and a flashing layer (63) are applied to one side of the prefabricated exterior wall (1). When the prefabricated exterior wall (1) is subjected to water pressure, the strip groove (61) can absorb part of the pressure to prevent water from directly penetrating the waterproof structure (6). The drain pipe (62) cooperates with the strip groove (61) to provide a drainage channel for water seepage, and the water that has penetrated into the interior of the prefabricated exterior wall (1) is discharged in time, reducing the possibility of water retention. The flashing layer (63) is used to make the water flow in a set direction, thereby preventing water from flowing into the room, and using the balanced air pressure difference to prevent The polymer cement waterproof coating (65) and the polyurethane waterproof coating (66) are damaged due to the excessive pressure difference. At the same time, the flashing layer (63) also helps to discharge the moisture and water inside the prefabricated exterior wall (1) to keep the structure dry. The polymer cement waterproof coating (65) and the polyurethane waterproof coating (66) form a complete high-strength and tough waterproof coating film that can block the penetration of water molecules. The waterproof structure (6) completes the waterproof function through multi-layer protection, physical and chemical combined waterproofing methods, and the combination of active drainage and passive protection, thereby ensuring the waterproof effect of the building exterior wall.

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