A system and method for determining the three zones of spontaneous combustion in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams.

Abstract

This invention provides a system and method for determining the three spontaneous combustion zones in steeply inclined coal seam goaf areas. It includes the deployment of fixed monitoring points and mobile monitoring equipment. By combining distributed multi-parameter monitoring with mobile monitoring equipment, the system accurately determines the three spontaneous combustion zones within steeply inclined coal seam goaf areas and issues timely warnings when anomalies are detected. This addresses the limitations of traditional measurement methods, which are unsuitable for the special characteristics of steeply inclined coal seam goaf areas. It belongs to the technical field of three-zone determination in steeply inclined coal seam wells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a system and method for determining the three zones of spontaneous combustion in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams, belonging to the technical field of three-zone determination in steeply inclined coal seam wells. Background Technology

[0002] Due to the unique geological structure of steeply inclined coal seams, various operational procedures during mine production, such as transportation, goaf treatment, prevention of spontaneous combustion, and roof management, present certain unique challenges compared to near-horizontal coal seam mining. Spontaneous combustion hazard prevention in this area is particularly difficult. The uneven distribution of gas and oxygen within the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams easily leads to gas accumulation. Influenced by the coal seam dip angle and gas flow within the goaf, the distribution of the three spontaneous combustion zones ("three zones") within the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams is irregular. Spontaneous combustion in goafs is a serious hazard, difficult to manage, and one of the major disasters faced in coal mining. Therefore, accurately identifying the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams is of great significance for ensuring mine safety and improving mine efficiency.

[0003] Traditional methods for determining the "three zones" of goaf are generally used in gently dipping coal seams. These methods mostly involve setting fixed monitoring points to assess oxygen concentration and delineating the three zones for spontaneous combustion. However, these fixed monitoring points cannot be flexibly distributed, and the data cannot be dynamically distributed, resulting in a lack of comprehensiveness and real-time monitoring. Traditional methods have limitations and are not suitable for the special characteristics of steeply dipping coal seam goaf areas.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a system and method for determining the three zones of spontaneous combustion in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a system and method for determining the three zones of spontaneous combustion in steeply inclined coal seam goaf, to solve the problems of limitations of traditional determination methods and their unsuitability for special steeply inclined coal seam goaf areas.

[0006] To address the aforementioned issues, a system suitable for measuring the three spontaneous combustion zones in steeply inclined coal seam goafs is proposed. This system includes the deployment of fixed monitoring points and mobile monitoring equipment. By combining distributed multi-parameter monitoring with mobile monitoring equipment, the system can accurately measure the three spontaneous combustion zones in steeply inclined coal seam goafs and issue timely warnings when anomalies are detected.

[0007] In the aforementioned system, both the fixed monitoring point and the mobile monitoring device have data monitoring equipment to collect relevant parameters, including at least temperature, oxygen concentration, and gas concentration. The data monitoring equipment at the fixed monitoring point continuously monitors and uploads the monitoring data to the ground monitoring center via a wireless communication module. The mobile monitoring device is located outside the goaf of the steeply inclined coal seam and moves back and forth periodically along the steeply inclined direction. When the mobile monitoring device moves to a set location distributed on its movement trajectory, it activates the data monitoring equipment to monitor and uploads the monitoring data to the ground monitoring center via a wireless communication module.

[0008] To achieve full coverage monitoring of different orientations and dip distances in the goaf, the relevant details of the fixed monitoring point layout are as follows: Fixed monitoring points are set up at different heights and areas along the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams, with a spacing of 20m-30m between each fixed monitoring point, and the fixed monitoring points are evenly distributed. They are selected at different depths at the upper and lower ends of the goaf and on the left and right sides to form a multi-layer monitoring network.

[0009] In the aforementioned system, the ground monitoring center uses data fusion algorithms and simulation to build a three-dimensional distribution model of the steeply inclined goaf based on temperature, oxygen, and gas concentrations. Based on these parameters, three zones are determined: the area with oxygen concentration ≥18% and low gas concentration is determined as the heat dissipation zone; the area with low gas concentration, 8% ≤ oxygen concentration ≤18% and temperature increase ≥1℃ / d is determined as the oxidation zone; and the area with high gas concentration, oxygen concentration ≤8% and relatively stable temperature is determined as the asphyxiation zone.

[0010] When the oxygen concentration at a sampling point exceeds the set threshold or the temperature rises abnormally, the system automatically issues an early warning signal and marks the area where the sampling point is located as a risk area.

[0011] In the aforementioned system, a three-dimensional distribution model of the steeply inclined goaf is established based on temperature, oxygen, and gas concentration using data fusion algorithms and simulation. The specific steps include:

[0012] 1) Data preprocessing: Preprocessing the monitoring data collected from fixed monitoring points and mobile monitoring equipment, including geometric correction, atmospheric correction, radiometric correction and spatial registration, to eliminate errors caused by different sensors and environmental factors;

[0013] 2) Data fusion: Data fusion algorithms, such as Orthogonal Order Fusion (OSF) or BalanceMLA framework, are used to integrate data from different sources. These algorithms can enhance orthogonality, extract unique information from each data type, and dynamically balance and optimize the contribution of each modality. Data fusion methods are divided into pixel-level fusion, feature-level fusion, and decision-level fusion. The appropriate fusion algorithm is selected according to the fusion purpose and fusion level.

[0014] 3) Three-dimensional model establishment: Based on the fused data, the finite volume method is used to establish a discretized coupled model of the oxygen field and temperature field in the goaf; considering the porosity distribution, oxygen consumption rate and temperature variation in the goaf, and heat release intensity and temperature variation in the goaf, a coupled field model of the goaf is constructed.

[0015] 4) Simulation: Utilize simulation platforms, such as coal mine safety management decision-making models and simulation research platforms based on big data mining, to monitor, warn, and make decisions on coal mine safety; through simulation, simulate the oxygen concentration distribution and temperature distribution in goaf areas, and classify the three spontaneous combustion zones;

[0016] 5) Results Analysis and Verification: Analyze the simulation results to determine the specific locations and extents of the heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone, and asphyxiation zone; verify the results at the engineering site by comparing the simulated oxygen concentration and temperature distribution with actual monitoring data to verify the accuracy of the model.

[0017] 6) Early warning and decision support: Based on the simulation results, when the oxygen concentration at a certain sampling point is higher than the set threshold or the temperature rises abnormally, the system will automatically issue an early warning signal and mark the area where the sampling point is located as a risk area.

[0018] The aforementioned system also includes a walking track and a fixed support. The walking track is fixedly mounted on the outer coal wall of the steeply inclined coal seam goaf by the fixed support. The bottom of the mobile monitoring device is equipped with a walking mechanism and moves back and forth on the walking track through the walking mechanism. The walking mechanism is equipped with a cable traction or slide rail system so that it can move freely up and down on the inclined path of the coal seam.

[0019] In the aforementioned system, the data monitoring equipment includes an oxygen detector, a temperature sensor, and a gas detector. The selected sensors need to have the characteristics of fast sampling speed, high accuracy, and strong anti-interference ability to meet the monitoring needs in the complex environment of steeply inclined coal seam goaf. Data from fixed monitoring points is uploaded to the ground monitoring center in real time via wireless transmission to ensure that the dynamic changes of each fixed point in the goaf can be recorded. Mobile monitoring equipment collects oxygen concentration, temperature, and gas concentration at each station point. The data is transmitted wirelessly or recorded by a memory card and uploaded to the ground monitoring center periodically. Station points are set at intervals of 3-5 meters.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. By combining distributed monitoring points and mobile monitoring equipment, the system can monitor different distances along the dip and strike of the goaf, accurately delineate the oxidation zone, asphyxiation zone, and heat dissipation zone of steeply inclined coal seams, and comprehensively understand the gas and temperature distribution within the goaf.

[0022] 2. Design a portable or track-mounted mobile monitoring device equipped with multi-parameter sensors. This mobile monitoring device is highly flexible and can promptly inspect monitoring blind spots that are difficult to cover in inclined areas. It can automatically move up and down along the dip angle of the coal seam and collect data to monitor the gas concentration and temperature changes in the goaf in real time.

[0023] 3. This invention combines fixed and mobile monitoring to obtain real-time dynamic data and track risk changes in the goaf in a timely manner. The system establishes an early warning mechanism based on real-time monitoring data of multiple parameters. Once the data is abnormal, the system will automatically trigger an alarm.

[0024] The combination of fixed and mobile monitoring also has the following advantages:

[0025] Improved monitoring coverage and flexibility: Fixed monitoring stations provide long-term, stable data, while mobile monitoring equipment can cover a wider area, especially in hard-to-reach or blind spots, improving monitoring flexibility and coverage; Enhanced data representativeness and accuracy: Mobile monitoring equipment can provide high spatiotemporal resolution data, helping to more accurately reflect the actual state of environmental quality, especially in complex urban environments; Real-time monitoring and rapid response: Fixed monitoring stations enable continuous, unmanned monitoring projects, while mobile monitoring equipment can be quickly deployed and immediately started, enabling timely data acquisition, analysis, and response; Improved monitoring data quality and reliability: The combination of fixed and mobile monitoring allows for mutual calibration and verification of data, improving the quality and reliability of monitoring data; Adaptability to changing environmental conditions: Mobile monitoring equipment can adapt to varying environmental conditions... The combination of fixed and mobile monitoring allows for flexible adjustments to monitoring locations based on changing environmental conditions, while fixed monitoring stations provide a stable data source. This combination better adapts to fluctuating environmental conditions, enhances early warning and emergency response capabilities, and improves data fusion and analysis. The large volume of data generated by mobile monitoring, combined with fixed monitoring data, enables deeper data mining and analysis, providing more comprehensive environmental quality information. It also improves the robustness of the monitoring system by allowing the other system to continue providing data even if one system fails, thus enhancing the system's robustness. Furthermore, the combination of fixed and mobile monitoring provides more comprehensive data support, helping decision-makers develop more effective environmental management and response strategies.

[0026] The system described in this application can establish an accurate three-dimensional distribution model of the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams, enabling dynamic monitoring of multiple parameters within the goaf. Through wireless communication, it can transmit data in real time to the ground monitoring center, establishing a comprehensive three-zone distribution model. This provides effective support for goaf fire prevention and safety management, and offers scientific basis and theoretical support for coal mine safety. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0029] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Fixed monitoring point; 2. Track system; 3. Fixed support; 5. Mobile monitoring equipment; 6. Goaf. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] See attached document Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 This embodiment improves the three-zone spontaneous combustion detection system for steeply inclined coal seam goaf, specifically providing a system suitable for detecting the three-zone spontaneous combustion in steeply inclined coal seam goaf. It includes the deployment of fixed monitoring points 1 and mobile monitoring equipment 5. To achieve full coverage detection of different orientations and dip distances of the goaf, the relevant details of the deployment of fixed monitoring points 1 are as follows: fixed monitoring points 1 are deployed along different heights and areas of the steeply inclined coal seam goaf, with a spacing of 20m-30m between each fixed monitoring point 1, and the fixed monitoring points 1 are evenly distributed. They are selected at different depths at the upper and lower ends of the goaf and on the left and right sides to form a multi-layer monitoring network.

[0033] Both the fixed monitoring point 1 and the mobile monitoring device 5 are equipped with data monitoring devices to collect relevant parameters, including temperature, oxygen concentration, and gas concentration. The data monitoring device at the fixed monitoring point 1 continuously monitors and uploads the monitoring data to the ground monitoring center via a wireless communication module. The walking track 2 is fixedly mounted on the outer coal wall of the steeply inclined coal seam goaf area by a fixed support 3. The bottom of the mobile monitoring device 5 is equipped with a walking mechanism, which allows it to move back and forth on the walking track 2. The walking mechanism is equipped with a cable traction or sliding rail system, so that it can move freely up and down on the inclined path of the coal seam. Thus, the mobile monitoring device 5 is located on the periphery of the steeply inclined coal seam goaf area and moves back and forth periodically along the steep inclination direction. When the mobile monitoring device 5 moves to a set location distributed on the moving track, it starts the data monitoring device to monitor and uploads the monitoring data to the ground monitoring center via a wireless communication module.

[0034] The data monitoring equipment includes an oxygen detector, a temperature sensor, and a gas detector. The selected sensors need to be characterized by fast sampling speed, high accuracy, and strong anti-interference capabilities to meet the monitoring needs in the complex environment of steeply inclined coal seam goaf areas. Data from fixed monitoring point 1 is uploaded to the ground monitoring center in real time via wireless transmission to ensure that the dynamic changes at each fixed point in the goaf area can be recorded. Mobile monitoring device 5 collects oxygen concentration, temperature, and gas concentration at each station point. The data is transmitted wirelessly or recorded via memory card and uploaded to the ground monitoring center periodically. Station points are set at intervals of 3-5 meters. The main materials used for both fixed monitoring point 1 and mobile monitoring device 5 are corrosion-resistant, non-deformable, and lightweight alloy steel, capable of bearing the weight of the equipment and long-term operation. The travel track needs to adapt to the dip angle of the steeply inclined coal seam and is designed as an adjustable-angle support. The main components of the fixed support 3 are a base, an adjustable column, a slide rail and clamps, a manual screw-type adjusting rod or hydraulic cylinder, and an angle indicator device. The angle can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting rod or controlling the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the angle between the column and the base, thereby achieving the overall tilt of the support. The angle range can be designed from 0° to 90° to accommodate different coal seam dip angles. The wall-supporting steel pipe or drilling equipment is fixed to the slide rail by clamps and precisely adjusted along the slide rail according to the required drilling angle. After adjustment to the target angle, the rotating shaft and clamps are locked to ensure the support remains stable during operation. Sensor wiring is installed in protective conduits to prevent damage to the wiring.

[0035] The ground monitoring center uses data fusion algorithms and simulation to analyze the received monitoring data. Based on temperature, oxygen, and gas concentration, it establishes a three-dimensional distribution model of the steeply inclined goaf. According to temperature, oxygen, and gas concentration, three zones are determined: the area with oxygen concentration ≥18% and low gas concentration is determined as the heat dissipation zone; the area with low gas concentration, 8% ≤ oxygen concentration ≤18% and temperature rise ≥1℃ / d is determined as the oxidation zone; and the area with high gas concentration, oxygen concentration ≤8% and relatively stable temperature (temperature rise ≤1℃ / d) is determined as the asphyxiation zone.

[0036] Using data fusion algorithms and simulation, a three-dimensional distribution model of the steeply inclined goaf was established based on temperature, oxygen, and gas concentration. The specific steps include:

[0037] 1) Data preprocessing: The monitoring data collected by the fixed monitoring point 1 and the mobile monitoring device 5 are preprocessed, including geometric correction, atmospheric correction, radiometric correction and spatial registration, in order to eliminate errors caused by different sensors and environmental factors;

[0038] 2) Data fusion: Data fusion algorithms, such as Orthogonal Order Fusion (OSF) or BalanceMLA framework, are used to integrate data from different sources. These algorithms can enhance orthogonality, extract unique information from each data type, and dynamically balance and optimize the contribution of each modality. Data fusion methods are divided into pixel-level fusion, feature-level fusion, and decision-level fusion. The appropriate fusion algorithm is selected according to the fusion purpose and fusion level.

[0039] 3) Three-dimensional model establishment: Based on the fused data, the finite volume method is used to establish a discretized coupled model of the oxygen field and temperature field in the goaf; considering the porosity distribution, oxygen consumption rate and temperature variation in the goaf, and heat release intensity and temperature variation in the goaf, a coupled field model of the goaf is constructed.

[0040] 4) Simulation: Utilize simulation platforms, such as coal mine safety management decision-making models and simulation research platforms based on big data mining, to monitor, warn, and make decisions on coal mine safety; through simulation, simulate the oxygen concentration distribution and temperature distribution in goaf areas, and classify the three spontaneous combustion zones;

[0041] 5) Results Analysis and Verification: Analyze the simulation results to determine the specific locations and extents of the heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone, and asphyxiation zone; verify the results at the engineering site by comparing the simulated oxygen concentration and temperature distribution with actual monitoring data to verify the accuracy of the model.

[0042] 6) Early warning and decision support: Based on the simulation results, when the oxygen concentration at a certain sampling point is higher than the set threshold or the temperature rises abnormally, the system will automatically issue an early warning signal and mark the area where the sampling point is located as a risk area.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] See attached document Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 Based on Example 1, this example provides a method for determining the three zones of spontaneous combustion in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams, specifically including:

[0045] The first step involves installing track system 2 along the dip angle of the coal seam. Corrosion-resistant materials are used, and the track is designed with a suitable angle to adapt to the environment of steeply inclined coal seams. The track is securely fixed to the coal wall by fixed supports, and anti-slip strips and braking devices are installed at sampling points to ensure equipment stability. Sampling stops are set at regular intervals (3-5 meters) along track system 2. The spacing of these stops is adjusted according to the goaf structure to ensure comprehensive coverage of the entire goaf. A stable base, typically made of steel plate or other high-strength materials, is installed at the bottom of the support to ensure stability in the inclined coal seam environment. The column adopts a jointed structure, allowing its tilt angle to be adjusted mechanically or hydraulically. Slide rails are installed on the support to fix the wall steel pipe or drilling equipment, ensuring smooth movement of the equipment during angle adjustment. Clamps are installed at both ends of the slide rails to securely fix the steel pipe or sensor, preventing positional shifts. A manual screw-type adjusting rod or hydraulic cylinder is used to adjust the angle between the column and the base. A lockable rotating shaft is installed at the connection between the column and the base to provide precise angle adjustment. An angle gauge or tilt gauge is installed on the bracket to display the tilt angle of the bracket in real time, making it easy for operators to adjust.

[0046] The second step involves a mobile monitoring device 5 equipped with portable oxygen, temperature, and gas concentration monitoring instruments. This device includes a mobile power system, a wireless communication module, and a data storage module, enabling it to move automatically on the track system 2. The mobile monitoring device 5 is designed with an automatic stop-and-sampling function; it stops at a designated point to collect data for several minutes before continuing its movement, collecting oxygen, temperature, and gas concentration data at different locations. This can be achieved by setting a control system.

[0047] The third step involves deploying fixed monitoring points 1 at key locations in the goaf area to monitor gas concentration and temperature changes in specific areas over long periods, supplementing the dynamic monitoring data from the mobile monitoring equipment 5. These fixed monitoring points 1 are connected to the ground monitoring center via a wireless network to ensure synchronous data transmission.

[0048] In the fourth step, the mobile monitoring device 5 automatically operates on a track in the goaf, sequentially collecting data on oxygen, temperature, and gas concentration at each stop point. The data acquisition module inside the device stores the sensor data and uploads it to the ground monitoring center in real time via a wireless network. The fixed monitoring point 1 continuously monitors changes in these parameters. Data synchronization between the mobile monitoring device 5 and the fixed monitoring point 1 allows for the acquisition of multi-dimensional data from different spatial locations and times.

[0049] The fifth step involves transmitting the collected data to the ground monitoring center via Wi-Fi or other wireless communication methods. If the signal in the goaf area is unstable, the device's built-in data storage module will temporarily save the data and upload it centrally when the device reaches the track start point or a signal-stable area, ensuring data integrity.

[0050] In the sixth step, after receiving data from mobile monitoring device 5 and fixed monitoring point 1, the ground monitoring center uses a data fusion algorithm to integrate oxygen, temperature, and gas concentration data from different locations at the same time to form spatial distribution data. The data is then interpolated to fill in the gaps between sampling points, generating a continuous parameter distribution within the goaf and forming a complete three-dimensional distribution model.

[0051] The seventh step involves automatically identifying and marking three zones (oxidation zone, asphyxiation zone, and normal zone) based on set oxygen, temperature, and gas concentration thresholds, and delineating the boundaries of each zone. The distribution of the three zones is visualized through a 3D model, and the boundaries of the three zones are dynamically adjusted based on updates to new data.

[0052] The eighth step involves the ground monitoring center periodically analyzing model data to identify areas where oxygen concentrations are below safe levels or temperatures are abnormally rising, automatically generating high-risk area alarm information. The system marks these high-risk areas as "warning zones" and notifies on-site management personnel to ensure timely implementation of measures such as ventilation, cooling, or nitrogen injection to prevent fires.

[0053] Step 8: Mobile monitoring device 5 and fixed monitoring point 1 require regular maintenance to ensure sensor accuracy and stable equipment operation. An automatic fault self-diagnosis system should be established so that the device returns to the base station for repair when it detects low battery or sensor malfunction.

[0054] The ninth step is to store the historical monitoring data of the goaf in the database, which will facilitate future analysis of the changing trends of the three zones and the distribution of high-risk areas, and provide data support for goaf management.

[0055] The tenth step is to establish an emergency response plan for fires or gas accumulation in the goaf area. For high-risk situations in the warning area, on-site personnel should be notified in real time to evacuate and take corresponding protective measures to ensure the safety of personnel in the mining area.

[0056] Obviously, the above embodiments and comparative examples are only a part of the present invention, and not all examples. The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention, and do not describe all details exhaustively. Many modifications and variations can be made based on the contents of this specification. All other embodiments and various modifications or additions obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention without inventive effort, as long as they do not depart from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the terms used do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments and comparative examples. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

Claims

1. A system for determining the three zones of spontaneous combustion in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams, characterized in that: This includes mobile monitoring equipment deployed at fixed monitoring points. By combining distributed multi-parameter monitoring with mobile monitoring equipment, the spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams can be accurately measured, and early warnings can be issued in a timely manner when an anomaly is detected. Both the fixed monitoring point and the mobile monitoring equipment are equipped with data monitoring devices to collect relevant parameters, including at least temperature, oxygen concentration, and methane concentration. The data monitoring device at the fixed monitoring point continuously monitors and uploads the monitoring data to the ground monitoring center via a wireless communication module. The mobile monitoring device is located outside the goaf of the steeply inclined coal seam and moves back and forth periodically along the steeply inclined direction. When the mobile monitoring device moves to a set location distributed on its movement trajectory, it starts the data monitoring device to monitor and uploads the monitoring data to the ground monitoring center via a wireless communication module. The ground monitoring center uses data fusion algorithms and simulation to analyze the received monitoring data. Based on temperature, oxygen, and gas concentration, it establishes a three-dimensional distribution model of the steeply inclined goaf. According to temperature, oxygen, and gas concentration, three zones are determined: the area with oxygen concentration ≥18% and low gas concentration is determined as the heat dissipation zone; the area with low gas concentration, 8%≤oxygen concentration≤18% and temperature increase ≥1℃ / d is determined as the oxidation zone; and the area with high gas concentration, oxygen concentration ≤8% and relatively stable temperature and temperature increase ≤1℃ / d is determined as the asphyxiation zone. When the oxygen concentration at a sampling point exceeds the set threshold or the temperature rises abnormally, the system will automatically issue an early warning signal and mark the area where the sampling point is located as a risk area. Using data fusion algorithms and simulation, a three-dimensional distribution model of the steeply inclined goaf was established based on temperature, oxygen, and gas concentration. The specific steps include: 1) Data preprocessing: Preprocessing the monitoring data collected from fixed monitoring points and mobile monitoring equipment, including geometric correction, atmospheric correction, radiometric correction and spatial registration, to eliminate errors caused by different sensors and environmental factors; 2) Data fusion: Using data fusion algorithms, data from different sources are integrated to extract unique information from each data type and dynamically balance and optimize the contribution of each modality; appropriate fusion algorithms are selected according to the fusion purpose and fusion level. 3) Three-dimensional model establishment: Based on the fused data, the finite volume method is used to establish a discretized coupled model of the oxygen field and temperature field in the goaf; considering the porosity distribution, oxygen consumption rate and temperature variation in the goaf, and heat release intensity and temperature variation in the goaf, a coupled field model of the goaf is constructed. 4) Simulation: Utilizing a coal mine safety management decision-making model and simulation research platform based on big data mining, coal mine safety is monitored, warned, and decisions are made; through simulation, the oxygen concentration and temperature distribution in the goaf are simulated, and the three spontaneous combustion zones are divided; 5) Results Analysis and Verification: Analyze the simulation results to determine the specific locations and extents of the heat dissipation zone, oxidation zone, and asphyxiation zone; verify the results at the engineering site by comparing the simulated results of oxygen concentration and temperature distribution with actual monitoring data to verify the accuracy of the model. 6) Early warning and decision support: Based on the simulation results, when the oxygen concentration at a certain sampling point is higher than the set threshold or the temperature rises abnormally, the system will automatically issue an early warning signal and mark the area where the sampling point is located as a risk area.

2. The system for determining the three zones of spontaneous combustion in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fixed monitoring points are set up at different heights and areas along the goaf of the steeply inclined coal seam. The fixed monitoring points are spaced 20m-30m apart and are distributed at equal intervals. They are selected at different depths at the upper and lower ends of the goaf and on the left and right sides to form a multi-layer monitoring network.

3. The system for determining the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a walking track and a fixed support. The walking track is fixedly attached to the outer coal wall of the steeply inclined coal seam goaf by the fixed support. The bottom of the mobile monitoring device is equipped with a walking mechanism and moves back and forth on the walking track through the walking mechanism.

4. The system for determining the three spontaneous combustion zones in the goaf of steeply inclined coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data monitoring equipment includes an oxygen detector, a temperature sensor, and a gas detector. Data from fixed monitoring points is uploaded to the ground monitoring center in real time via wireless transmission to ensure that the dynamic changes at each fixed point in the goaf are recorded. Mobile monitoring equipment collects oxygen concentration, temperature, and gas concentration at each station. The data is transmitted wirelessly or recorded on a memory card and uploaded to the ground monitoring center periodically.

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