Accurate surveying and mapping equipment for road planning

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of surveying and mapping equipment, and particularly relates to precise surveying and mapping equipment for road planning, which comprises a surveying and mapping device mounted below an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the surveying and mapping device comprises a fixed connecting mechanism, a centering adjusting mechanism, a buffer supporting device, a shielding mechanism, a rotary adjusting table, a surveying instrument and a remote controller; the fixed connecting mechanism is mounted on a bottom bracket of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the centering adjusting mechanism is mounted above the fixed connecting mechanism; the surveying instrument is mounted at the adjusting end of the centering adjusting mechanism; the buffer supporting device is installed under the fixed connecting mechanism. The rotary adjusting table is mounted between the buffer supporting device and the fixed connecting mechanism; the shielding mechanism is arranged on the windward side of the surveying instrument; the remote controller is used for being in remote communication connection with the surveying instrument, the rotary adjusting table and the buffer supporting device. The surveying and mapping flexibility can be effectively improved, manpower is saved, and the surveying and mapping efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of surveying and mapping equipment, and in particular relates to a precise surveying and mapping equipment used for highway planning. Background Art

[0002] Before designing a highway, it is necessary to measure the route on site through surveying and mapping equipment. For example, in the Chinese utility model patent with the authorization announcement number CN216410194U and the authorization announcement date 2022.04.29, a measurement auxiliary device for highway design is disclosed, including: a mounting plate, the bottom three sides of the mounting plate are all provided with a first support rod through a rotating shaft, the bottom end of the first support rod is movably sleeved with a second support rod, and the top of one side of the second support rod is fixedly provided with a first fixing bolt, and the top of the mounting plate is fixedly provided with a surveying instrument through a clamping mechanism. The device pulls the three first support rods apart to the three sides, so that the mounting block and the telescopic rod are in a horizontal state at this time, and the distance between the first support rod and the second support rod can be adjusted by the first fixing bolt to adjust the height of the surveying instrument. After the support plate set at the bottom of the second support rod contacts the ground, the horizontal ruler on the four sides of the mounting plate can be used to judge whether the device is placed horizontally. At this time, the device can be leveled by adjusting the three first support rods, making the device more convenient to adjust.

[0003] Although the measurement auxiliary device for highway design can adjust the level of the surveying instrument, workers are still required to carry the equipment during measurement. Due to the complex terrain in the field, manual transportation is difficult, and manual leveling is required after transporting it to the designated location, which makes the measurement steps cumbersome and affects the detection efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning in view of the shortcomings of the prior art. The present invention can effectively improve the flexibility of surveying and mapping by combining the surveying and mapping device with an unmanned aerial vehicle, save manpower, and improve the surveying and mapping efficiency.

[0005] This solution is achieved through the following technical measures: a precise surveying and mapping device for highway planning, including a surveying and mapping device installed under a drone, the surveying and mapping device including a fixed connection mechanism, a centering adjustment mechanism, a buffer support device, a shielding mechanism, a rotating adjustment platform, a surveying instrument and a remote controller; A fixed connection mechanism, which can be detachably mounted on the bottom bracket of the drone; The centering adjustment mechanism is installed above the fixed connection mechanism and serves as the installation basis of the surveying instrument; The buffer support device is installed directly below the fixed connection mechanism and serves as the support structure of the entire surveying and mapping equipment; A shielding mechanism is arranged on the windward side of the surveying instrument, the shielding mechanism is fixedly connected to the fixed connection mechanism, and the control end of the shielding mechanism is connected to the buffer support device, and is used to shield and protect the detection end of the surveying instrument; A rotary adjustment platform is installed between the buffer support device and the fixed connection mechanism, the bottom of the rotary adjustment platform is connected to the buffer support device, and the adjustment end of the buffer support device is connected to the fixed connection mechanism, and is used to adjust the detection angle of the surveying instrument; A surveying instrument, mounted on the adjustment end of the centering adjustment mechanism, is used for surveying and mapping operations; The remote controller is used for remote communication connection of the surveying instrument, the rotating adjustment table and the buffer support device.

[0006] Preferably, the fixed connection mechanism includes a limit adjustment slide, the limit adjustment slide is provided with two movable ends, and limit fixing arms are installed on both movable ends of the limit adjustment slide, and the limit fixing arms are connected to the drone.

[0007] Preferably, the limit adjustment slide includes a first limit slide rail, a bidirectional adjustment screw is installed inside the first limit slide rail, two first sliding adjustment blocks are also provided inside the first limit slide rail, the bidirectional adjustment screw is threadedly connected to the first sliding adjustment block, and a first rotation limit mechanism is also installed between the bidirectional adjustment screw and the first limit slide rail.

[0008] Preferably, the first rotation limiting mechanism includes a fixed limiting ring installed on the side of the first limiting slide rail, and a first anti-slip surface is provided on one side of the fixed limiting ring. The first rotation limiting mechanism also includes an elastic extrusion part installed on the bidirectional adjustment screw rod, and a movable pressure ring is installed on the elastic extrusion part. The side of the movable pressure ring is provided with a second anti-slip surface, and the second anti-slip surface and the first anti-slip surface fit and contact each other.

[0009] Preferably, a rotating adjustment rail is rotatably installed on the limiting fixed arm, and a plurality of sliding clips are slidably installed on the rotating adjustment rail. A locking cover plate is installed on the side of the sliding clip, and the top of the sliding clip is slidably connected to a movable clamping plate, and a spring is connected between the bottom of the movable clamping plate and the sliding clip.

[0010] Preferably, the centering adjustment mechanism includes a second limiting slide rail installed on the fixed connecting mechanism, a second sliding adjustment block is installed inside the second limiting slide rail, a centering mark for indicating the center position is provided on the side of the second limiting slide rail, a movable adjustment screw is also installed on the second limiting slide rail, the movable adjustment screw is threadedly connected to the second sliding adjustment block, a second rotation limiting mechanism is also provided between the movable adjustment screw and the second limiting slide rail, and the second sliding adjustment block is provided with a protective mounting seat.

[0011] Preferably, the protective mounting seat includes an airbag protection member mounted on the second sliding adjustment block, a fixed mounting bracket is mounted above the airbag protection member, and a plurality of mounting holes are provided on the fixed mounting bracket.

[0012] Preferably, the buffer support device includes a fixed seat installed at the bottom of the rotating adjustment table, and a plurality of buffer telescopic rods are rotatably installed on the fixed seat. The buffer telescopic rods are evenly distributed with the fixed seat as the axis, and a linear drive is installed at the axis position of the fixed seat. A synchronous connecting block is installed at the output end of the linear drive, and connecting rods are installed between the synchronous connecting block and the plurality of buffer telescopic rods. One end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the synchronous connecting block, and the end of the connecting rod away from the buffer telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the buffer telescopic rod. The buffer support device also includes a horizontal detector installed on the fixed connecting mechanism.

[0013] Preferably, one end of the buffer telescopic rod is rotatably connected to the fixed seat, a telescopic slide rail is provided inside the buffer telescopic rod, a telescopic adjustment rod is installed inside the telescopic slide rail, the telescopic adjustment rod is slidably connected to the telescopic slide rail, a driving adjustment screw is also installed inside the telescopic slide rail, the driving adjustment screw is threadedly connected to the telescopic adjustment rod, a rotary drive is also installed on the buffer telescopic rod, the output end of the rotary drive is transmission-connected to the driving adjustment screw, a buffer support sleeve is also installed on the outside of the buffer telescopic rod, the buffer support sleeve is slidably connected to the outer wall of the buffer telescopic rod, and a buffer spring is also installed between the buffer support sleeve and the buffer telescopic rod.

[0014] Preferably, the shielding mechanism includes a guide plate installed on the outside of the rotating adjustment table, the shielding mechanism also includes a mounting base installed on the side of the fixed connecting mechanism, a flip shielding cover is installed on the mounting base, a retaining spring is installed between the flip shielding cover and the mounting base, an elastic pull-out assembly is installed inside the flip shielding cover, the elastic pull-out assembly includes a limiting sleeve arranged inside the flip shielding cover, a pull-out connecting block is slidably installed inside the limiting sleeve, a reset spring is installed between the pull-out connecting block and the limiting sleeve, a connecting rope is also installed on the pull-out connecting block, and the end of the connecting rope away from the pull-out connecting block passes through the guide plate and is connected to the synchronous connecting block.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. The present invention realizes the remote and automated surveying and mapping operations by carrying surveying and mapping devices on unmanned aerial vehicles. Surveying and mapping personnel do not need to personally carry heavy surveying and mapping equipment to complex terrains, which significantly reduces manpower consumption and operational risks. At the same time, the precise coordination of the centering adjustment mechanism and the rotating adjustment table ensures the precise position and angle adjustment of the surveying and mapping instrument in the air, thereby improving the accuracy and consistency of the surveying and mapping data. This efficient and accurate surveying and mapping method provides reliable data support for highway planning; 2. The present invention is designed with a buffer support device and a shielding mechanism, which can operate stably under complex and changeable terrain and climatic conditions. The buffer support device can not only provide stable support when the UAV lands, but also effectively buffer the impact caused by uneven terrain through its internal shock-absorbing structure, ensuring the safety and stability of the surveying and mapping instrument. The shielding mechanism can protect the surveying and mapping instrument from interference from external factors such as wind during flight, thereby improving the reliability and stability of surveying and mapping operations. This design enables surveying and mapping equipment to operate flexibly in various complex environments, enhancing its adaptability and practicality; 3. The present invention uses a remote controller to remotely control the surveying and mapping device, so surveyors can complete the surveying and mapping work without going to the site in person. This not only avoids the tedious steps of manual handling and manual adjustment, but also reduces the potential safety hazards caused by complex terrain. At the same time, the unmanned surveying and mapping method also reduces the requirements for the number and skills of surveyors, further reducing labor costs. This intelligent and unmanned surveying and mapping method provides a new solution for surveying and mapping operations in the fields of highway planning and promotes the innovation and development of surveying and mapping technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a precise surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0017] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a precise surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0018] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a precise surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0019] Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a precise surveying and mapping device for highway planning according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0021] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the middle.

[0022] Figure 7 The present invention is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a precise surveying and mapping device for highway planning.

[0023] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the surveying instrument and the centering adjustment mechanism in the present invention.

[0024] Fig. 9It is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the buffer telescopic rod in the present invention.

[0025] Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0026] The numbers in the figure are: 1. UAV; 2. Fixed connection mechanism; 21. Limit adjustment slide; 211. First limit slide rail; 212. Bidirectional adjustment screw rod; 213. First rotation limit mechanism; 214. Fixed limit ring; 215. Elastic extrusion member; 216. Active pressure ring; 217. First sliding adjustment block; 22. Limit fixed arm; 221. Rotation adjustment rail; 222. Sliding clamping member; 2221. Active clamping plate; 2222. Locking cover plate; 3. Centering adjustment mechanism; 31. Second limit slide rail; 32. Second sliding adjustment block; 33. Mobile adjustment screw rod; 34. Second rotation limit mechanism; 35. Protective mounting seat; 351. Airbag protection member; 35 2. Fixed mounting bracket; 4. Buffer support device; 41. Fixed seat; 42. Buffer telescopic rod; 421. Telescopic slide rail; 422. Telescopic adjustment rod; 423. Rotary drive; 424. Drive adjustment screw; 425. Buffer support sleeve; 426. Buffer spring; 43. Linear drive; 44. Synchronous connecting block; 45. Connecting rod; 46. Level detector; 5. Shielding mechanism; 51. Mounting base; 52. Flip shielding cover; 53. Retaining spring; 54. Elastic pull-out assembly; 541. Limit sleeve; 542. Reset spring; 543. Pull-out connecting block; 55. Connecting rope; 56. Guide plate; 6. Rotary adjustment table; 7. Surveying instrument. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to further understand the features, technical means, specific objectives and functions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0028] See also Figures 1 to 10 As shown, a precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning includes a surveying and mapping device installed under a drone 1, and the surveying and mapping device includes a fixed connection mechanism 2, a centering adjustment mechanism 3, a buffer support device 4, a shielding mechanism 5, a rotating adjustment platform 6, a surveying instrument 7 and a remote controller.

[0029] Wherein, the fixed connection mechanism 2 is detachably mounted on the bottom bracket of the drone 1; The centering adjustment mechanism 3 is installed above the fixed connection mechanism 2 and serves as the installation base of the surveying instrument 7; The buffer support device 4 is installed directly below the fixed connection mechanism 2 and serves as a support structure for the entire surveying and mapping equipment; A shielding mechanism 5 is arranged on the windward side of the surveying and mapping instrument 7, the shielding mechanism 5 is fixedly connected to the fixed connection mechanism 2, and the control end of the shielding mechanism 5 is connected to the buffer support device 4, and is used to shield and protect the detection end of the surveying and mapping instrument 7; A rotary adjustment platform 6 is installed between the buffer support device 4 and the fixed connection mechanism 2, the bottom of the rotary adjustment platform 6 is connected to the buffer support device 4, and the adjustment end of the buffer support device 4 is connected to the fixed connection mechanism 2, and is used to adjust the detection angle of the surveying instrument 7; A surveying instrument 7, mounted on the adjustment end of the centering adjustment mechanism 3, is used for surveying and mapping operations; The remote controller is used for remote communication connection of the surveying instrument 7, the rotating adjustment platform 6 and the buffer support device 4.

[0030] The surveying and mapping equipment is detachably connected to the bottom bracket of the UAV 1 through a fixed connection mechanism 2, ensuring that the surveying and mapping device can be stably mounted under the UAV 1. The centering adjustment mechanism 3 is installed above the fixed connection mechanism 2. Its main function is to accurately adjust the surveying and mapping instrument 7 to the center position after the surveying and mapping instrument 7 is installed to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the surveying and mapping. The surveying and mapping instrument 7 is fixedly installed at the adjustment end of the centering adjustment mechanism 3 and is responsible for performing specific surveying and mapping tasks. The rotating adjustment platform 6 allows the surveying and mapping instrument 7 to adjust its angle in the horizontal plane. The shielding mechanism 5 is designed on the windward side of the surveying and mapping instrument 7, fixedly connected to the fixed connection mechanism 2, and connected to the buffer support device 4 through the control end. During the flight, the shielding mechanism 5 can effectively shield and protect the detection end of the surveying and mapping instrument 7, reducing the influence of external factors such as wind on the surveying and mapping accuracy.

[0031] When the surveying device approaches the target surveying point, the surveying personnel send a command through the remote controller to start the buffer support device 4 to switch the working state, so that it has a stable support effect, and at the same time release the shielding protection of the surveying instrument 7 by the shielding mechanism 5. Then, the drone 1 descends so that the bottom of the buffer support device 4 contacts the ground. In this process, the buffer support device 4 effectively reduces the impact force during the fall through its internal shock-absorbing structure, ensuring the smooth landing of the surveying device. Once the buffer support device 4 lands smoothly, the buffer support device 4 will adjust the level of the surveying device to ensure that the surveying instrument 7 remains in a horizontal state.

[0032] After the leveling of the surveying instrument 7 is completed, the surveying personnel operate the rotating adjustment table 6 through the remote controller to adjust the detection angle of the surveying instrument 7 according to actual needs. The entire surveying process does not require manual handling and manual adjustment, realizing unmanned surveying, thereby effectively saving manpower and improving surveying efficiency.

[0033] By repeating the above surveying and mapping steps, multiple surveying and mapping points can be quickly and accurately surveyed and detected.

[0034] The rotary adjustment platform 6 is used to adjust the detection angle of the surveying and mapping instrument 7. The structure of the rotary adjustment platform 6 adopts the existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0035] See also Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the fixed connection mechanism 2 includes a limit adjustment slide 21, which is provided with two movable ends, and the limit fixed arms 22 are installed on the two movable ends of the limit adjustment slide 21, and the limit fixed arms 22 are connected to the drone 1. The limit adjustment slide 21 is provided with double movable ends, and each movable end is equipped with a limit fixed arm 22. When performing the connection operation with the bottom bracket of the drone 1, the surveying and mapping personnel first accurately adjust the positions of the two limit fixed arms 22 through the limit adjustment slide 21 according to the actual width of the bottom bracket of the drone 1. The displacement adjustment of the two limit fixed arms 22 in the horizontal direction is realized to ensure that the limit fixed arms 22 can be accurately moved to the predetermined installation position. Then, the limit fixed arms 22 are used to achieve a stable connection with the bottom bracket of the drone 1. This structural form ensures that the fixed connection mechanism 2 can adapt to the bottom brackets of drones 1 of different sizes, and at the same time ensures that the surveying and mapping device can be stably and reliably mounted under the drone 1, providing a solid foundation for subsequent surveying and mapping operations.

[0036] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the limit adjustment slide 21 includes a first limit slide rail 211 installed, a bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 is installed inside the first limit slide rail 211, two first sliding adjustment blocks 217 are also provided inside the first limit slide rail 211, the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 is threadedly connected to the first sliding adjustment block 217, and a first rotation limit mechanism 213 is also installed between the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 and the first limit slide rail 211.

[0037] The first limit slide rail 211 provides stable support and guidance for the first sliding adjustment block 217, ensuring that the sliding adjustment process of the first sliding adjustment block 217 is carried out on a predetermined track. When the surveying and mapping personnel rotate the two-way adjustment screw rod 212, the two first sliding adjustment blocks 217 move toward or away from each other along the two-way adjustment screw rod 212. The first sliding adjustment block 217 is connected to the limit fixed arm 22. Therefore, when the first sliding adjustment block 217 moves along the first limit slide rail 211 driven by the two-way adjustment screw rod 212, the limit fixed arm 22 will also move synchronously. The movement and adjustment of the first sliding adjustment block 217 can accurately control the position of the limit fixed arm 22 in the horizontal direction, thereby achieving adaptation to the bottom brackets of drones 1 of different sizes.

[0038] In order to ensure the stability and accuracy of the adjustment process, the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 is installed between the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 and the first limiting slide rail 211. The main function of the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 is to limit the self-rotation of the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 during the adjustment process to prevent the adjustment position from being offset due to the self-rotation of the screw rod. In this way, when the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 is rotated to the specified position and stops, the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 can ensure that the screw rod maintains the current position unchanged, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the adjustment result.

[0039] See also Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 includes a fixed limiting ring 214 installed on the side of the first limiting slide rail 211, and a first anti-slip surface is provided on one side of the fixed limiting ring 214. The first rotation limiting mechanism 213 also includes an elastic extrusion piece 215 installed on the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212, and a movable pressing ring 216 is installed on the elastic extrusion piece 215. The side of the movable pressing ring 216 is provided with a second anti-slip surface, and the second anti-slip surface and the first anti-slip surface are mutually fitted and abutted. The fixed limiting ring 214 is firmly installed on the side of the first limiting slide rail 211, and a first anti-slip surface is designed on one side of the fixed limiting ring 214 to provide sufficient friction. The elastic extrusion piece 215 is installed on the bidirectional adjustment screw rod 212 and is connected to the movable pressing ring 216. The side of the movable pressing ring 216 is provided with a second anti-slip surface, and the second anti-slip surface matches the first anti-slip surface of the fixed limiting ring 214 in structure.

[0040] When the surveying and mapping personnel operate and rotate the bidirectional adjustment screw 212, the bidirectional adjustment screw 212 drives the elastic extrusion piece 215 and the movable pressure ring 216 to rotate synchronously. As the movable pressure ring 216 rotates, its second anti-slip surface will come into frictional contact with the first anti-slip surface of the fixed limiting ring 214. Due to the action of the elastic extrusion piece 215, the movable pressure ring 216 is continuously pushed toward the fixed limiting ring 214, ensuring the close fit between the pressure ring 216 and the fixed limiting ring 214, thereby generating sufficient friction. When the bidirectional adjustment screw 212 rotates to the desired position and stops rotating, the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 can effectively prevent the bidirectional adjustment screw 212 from rotating by the friction between the second anti-slip surface and the first anti-slip surface. Therefore, the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 not only ensures the stability of the adjustment process, but also ensures the reliability of the adjustment result, and prevents the adjustment position from being offset due to the rotation of the bidirectional adjustment screw 212.

[0041] See also Figures 3 to 6As shown, a rotating adjustment rail 221 is rotatably installed on the limiting fixed arm 22, and a plurality of sliding clips 222 are slidably installed on the rotating adjustment rail 221. A locking cover plate 2222 is installed on the side of the sliding clip 222. The top of the sliding clip 222 is slidably connected to a movable clamping plate 2221, and a spring is connected between the bottom of the movable clamping plate 2221 and the sliding clip 222.

[0042] After the position-limiting fixed arm 22 is precisely adjusted to the predetermined position by the position-limiting adjustment slide 21, the rotation adjustment rail 221 on the position-limiting fixed arm 22 begins to function. The rotation adjustment rail 221 allows surveying and mapping personnel to finely adjust the angle of the sliding clamp 222 according to the specific form and installation requirements of the bottom bracket of the drone 1. This adjustment capability ensures that the sliding clamp 222 can be accurately aligned with the fixing point of the bottom bracket of the drone 1. The sliding clamp 222 can be slidably adjusted under the guidance of the rotation adjustment rail 221 to meet the installation requirements of different positions and angles.

[0043] The surveying and mapping personnel manually adjust the sliding clamp 222 to the specified position of the bottom bracket of the drone 1. When the sliding clamp 222 moves to the specified position, the surveying and mapping personnel use bolts to fix the upper end of the locking cover 2222 to the sliding clamp 222, and the lower end of the locking cover 2222 is clamped to the rotating adjustment rail 221 to ensure that the position of the sliding clamp 222 on the rotating adjustment rail 221 is locked to prevent displacement caused by vibration or external force. The movable clamping plate 2221 cooperates with the sliding clamp 222 to clamp and fix the bottom bracket of the drone 1. It provides a stable connection and ensures that the surveying and mapping device can be safely and reliably mounted under the drone 1, laying a solid foundation for subsequent surveying and mapping operations.

[0044] See also Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the centering adjustment mechanism 3 includes a second limiting slide rail 31 installed on the fixed connection mechanism 2, a second sliding adjustment block 32 is installed inside the second limiting slide rail 31, a centering mark is provided on the side of the second limiting slide rail 31 for indicating the center position, a movable adjustment screw rod 33 is also installed on the second limiting slide rail 31, the movable adjustment screw rod 33 is threadedly connected to the second sliding adjustment block 32, a second rotation limiting mechanism 34 is also provided between the movable adjustment screw rod 33 and the second limiting slide rail 31, and the second sliding adjustment block 32 is provided with a protective mounting seat 35.

[0045] The centering adjustment mechanism 3 is first fixedly installed on the fixed connection mechanism 2 through the second limit rail 31. A second sliding adjustment block 32 is provided inside the second limit rail 31, and the second sliding adjustment block 32 can move linearly along the second limit rail 31. A centering mark is provided on one side of the second limit rail 31 to indicate the center position. In addition, the second limit rail 31 is also equipped with a movable adjustment screw 33, and the movable adjustment screw 33 is threadedly connected to the second sliding adjustment block 32. Rotating the movable adjustment screw 33 can drive the second sliding adjustment block 32 to move in the second limit rail 31. In order to ensure that the movable adjustment screw 33 does not rotate during operation, a second rotation limiting mechanism 34 is installed between the second limit rail 31 and the movable adjustment screw 33. The second rotation limiting mechanism 34 has the same structure as the first rotation limiting mechanism 213 and has the same limiting function.

[0046] The second sliding adjustment block 32 is provided with a protective mounting seat 35, which is used to fix and install the surveying instrument 7. After the surveying instrument 7 is installed, the surveying personnel rotate and move the adjusting screw 33 to accurately control the position of the second sliding adjustment block 32 in the second limit slide rail 31, and the second sliding adjustment block 32 moves to drive the protective mounting seat 35 and the surveying instrument 7 to move synchronously.

[0047] The surveying and mapping personnel can judge whether the surveying and mapping instrument 7 has been accurately adjusted to the center position by observing the center mark on the side of the second limit slide rail 31. This ensures that regardless of the type of the surveying and mapping instrument 7, its detection end can be accurately positioned in the middle position of the center adjustment mechanism 3, thereby meeting the requirements of surveying and mapping operations for accuracy and consistency.

[0048] See also Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the protective mounting seat 35 includes an airbag protective member 351 mounted on the second sliding adjustment block 32, and a fixed mounting bracket 352 is mounted above the airbag protective member 351, and a plurality of mounting holes are provided on the fixed mounting bracket 352. A protective airbag is provided inside the airbag protective member 351. Under normal operating conditions, the protective airbag is in an uninflated state and does not affect the normal operation and mapping accuracy of the surveying and mapping instrument 7. When the drone 1 fails (such as falling out of control or sudden turbulence, etc.), the remote controller controls the protective airbag to quickly and automatically inflate, forming a protective barrier, tightly wrapping and cushioning the surveying and mapping instrument 7, effectively reducing the damage to the surveying and mapping instrument 7 caused by external impacts, and ensuring the safety and integrity of the surveying and mapping equipment.

[0049] The fixed mounting bracket 352 is located above the airbag protection member 351, and its structural design is strong and stable, and is used to carry and fix the surveying instrument 7. The fixed mounting bracket 352 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the layout and size of the mounting holes are optimized to adapt to and install various types of surveying instruments 7. Surveying personnel can select appropriate mounting holes according to actual needs, and firmly mount the surveying instrument 7 on the fixed mounting bracket 352 by bolts or other fastening devices, so as to ensure the stability and accuracy of the surveying instrument 7 during the surveying process.

[0050] See also Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the buffer support device 4 includes a fixed seat 41 installed at the bottom of the rotating adjustment platform 6, and a plurality of buffer telescopic rods 42 are rotatably installed on the fixed seat 41. The buffer telescopic rods 42 are evenly distributed with the fixed seat 41 as the axis. A linear driver 43 is installed at the axis position of the fixed seat 41, and a synchronous connecting block 44 is installed at the output end of the linear driver 43. Connecting rods 45 are installed between the synchronous connecting block 44 and the plurality of buffer telescopic rods 42. One end of the connecting rod 45 is rotatably connected to the synchronous connecting block 44, and the end of the connecting rod 45 away from the buffer telescopic rod 42 is rotatably connected to the buffer telescopic rod 42. The buffer support device 4 also includes a horizontal detector 46 installed on the fixed connection mechanism 2.

[0051] When the drone 1 transports the surveying device to the top of the surveying area, the linear drive 43 starts and drives the synchronous connection block 44 to perform a downward movement. When the synchronous connection block 44 moves, it pushes the multiple connecting rods 45 to expand synchronously, thereby driving the buffer telescopic rod 42 to expand synchronously to form a stable support structure. Subsequently, the drone 1 begins to descend, and the buffer telescopic rod 42 first contacts the ground, and the buffering function of the buffer telescopic rod 42 is used to effectively slow down the impact force during the falling process. After the buffer telescopic rod 42 lands stably, the horizontal detector 46 accurately detects the horizontal state of the fixed connection mechanism 2. Based on the feedback of the horizontal detector 46, the remote surveying personnel adjust the telescopic length of each buffer telescopic rod 42 through the remote controller to achieve fine-tuning of the horizontal state of the fixed connection mechanism 2. It ensures that the surveying instrument 7 always remains horizontal, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the surveying data. At the same time, by adjusting the telescopic length of the buffer telescopic rod 42, the surveying height of the surveying instrument 7 from the ground can also be accurately controlled to meet different surveying needs.

[0052] See also Figure 7 and Fig.10As shown, one end of the buffer telescopic rod 42 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 41, a telescopic slide rail 421 is provided inside the buffer telescopic rod 42, a telescopic adjustment rod 422 is installed inside the telescopic slide rail 421, the telescopic adjustment rod 422 is slidably connected to the telescopic slide rail 421, a driving adjustment screw 424 is also installed inside the telescopic slide rail 421, the driving adjustment screw 424 is threadedly connected to the telescopic adjustment rod 422, a rotating driver 423 is also installed on the buffer telescopic rod 42, the output end of the rotating driver 423 is transmission-connected to the driving adjustment screw 424, a buffer support sleeve 425 is also installed on the outside of the buffer telescopic rod 42, the buffer support sleeve 425 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the buffer telescopic rod 42, and a buffer spring 426 is also installed between the buffer support sleeve 425 and the buffer telescopic rod 42.

[0053] One end of the buffer telescopic rod 42 is rotatably connected to the fixed seat 41 to meet the requirements of its expansion and contraction. A telescopic adjustment rod 422 is installed inside the telescopic slide 421, and a sliding connection is adopted between the telescopic adjustment rod 422 and the telescopic slide 421 to ensure that it can smoothly perform telescopic movement. In addition, a drive adjustment screw 424 is also provided inside the telescopic slide 421, and the drive adjustment screw 424 is threadedly connected to the telescopic adjustment rod 422 to achieve a drive adjustment function. The buffer telescopic rod 42 is also equipped with a rotary driver 423, and the output end of the rotary driver 423 is connected to the drive adjustment screw 424 to achieve a transmission connection, so that the drive adjustment screw 424 can be driven to rotate by the rotary driver 423. The start and control of the rotary driver 423 are completed by a remote controller. A buffer support sleeve 425 is installed on the outside of the buffer telescopic rod 42, and a sliding connection is adopted between the buffer support sleeve 425 and the outer wall of the buffer telescopic rod 42 to adapt to the telescopic action of the buffer telescopic rod 42. At the same time, a buffer spring 426 is installed between the buffer support sleeve 425 and the buffer telescopic rod 42. The buffer spring 426 can effectively absorb and slow down the impact force during the falling process, protecting the surveying and mapping device from damage. When the drone 1 drives the surveying and mapping device to descend close to the ground, the buffer telescopic rod 42 first contacts the ground. At this time, the buffer support sleeve 425 works together with the buffer spring 426 to effectively slow down the impact force when the drone 1 falls.

[0054] If the level of the surveying instrument 7 needs to be adjusted, the remote surveying personnel activates the rotary driver 423 through the remote controller. The rotary driver 423 drives the drive adjustment screw 424 to rotate, thereby driving the telescopic adjustment rod 422 to telescopically move in the telescopic slide rail 421. When the telescopic adjustment rod 422 extends out of the telescopic slide rail 421 and contacts the ground, the placement state of the surveying instrument 7 can be adjusted by pushing until the required level is reached. The precise adjustment of the horizontal state of the surveying instrument 7 is achieved, ensuring the accuracy of the surveying data.

[0055] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the shielding mechanism 5 includes a guide plate 56 installed on the outside of the rotating adjustment platform 6, and the shielding mechanism 5 also includes a mounting base 51 installed on the side of the fixed connection mechanism 2, and a flip shielding cover 52 is installed on the mounting base 51, and a retaining spring 53 is installed between the flip shielding cover 52 and the mounting base 51, and an elastic pull-out assembly 54 is installed inside the flip shielding cover 52, and the elastic pull-out assembly 54 includes a limiting sleeve 541 arranged inside the flip shielding cover 52, and a pull-out connecting block 543 is slidably installed inside the limiting sleeve 541, and a return spring 542 is installed between the pull-out connecting block 543 and the limiting sleeve 541, and a connecting pull rope 55 is also installed on the pull-out connecting block 543, and the end of the connecting pull rope 55 away from the pull-out connecting block 543 passes through the guide plate 56 and is connected to the synchronous connecting block 44.

[0056] The guide plate 56 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the rotating adjustment platform 6 to guide the moving path of the connecting rope 55; the mounting base 51 is firmly mounted on the side of the fixed connection mechanism 2 to serve as the mounting base of the flip shielding cover 52. The flip shielding cover 52 is connected to the mounting base 51 through a retaining spring 53. The elastic action of the retaining spring 53 enables the flip shielding cover 52 to remain in the shielding position when not under force, effectively protecting the surveying instrument 7 from interference from the external environment. An elastic pull-out assembly 54 is provided inside the flip shielding cover 52, a limiting sleeve 541 is fixed inside the flip shielding cover 52, and a pull-out connection block 543 slides inside the limiting sleeve 541. A reset spring 542 is installed between the pull-out connection block 543 and the limiting sleeve 541 to provide a restoring force for the movement of the pull-out connection block 543. One end of the connecting rope 55 is connected to the pull-out connecting block 543 , and the other end passes through the guide plate 56 and is connected to the synchronous connecting block 44 , thereby realizing the linkage between the synchronous connecting block 44 and the flip shielding cover 52 .

[0057] In the initial stage when the drone 1 transports the surveying and mapping device to the top of the surveying and mapping area, the flip shield 52 is in the shielding position, effectively shielding and protecting the surveying and mapping instrument 7. When the linear drive 43 starts and drives the synchronous connection block 44 to press down, the movement of the synchronous connection block 44 is transmitted to the pull-out connection block 543 through the connecting pull rope 55. As the synchronous connection block 44 is pressed down, the connecting pull rope 55 is gradually tightened, thereby pulling the pull-out connection block 543 to slide inside the limiting sleeve 541. The movement of the pull-out connection block 543 will squeeze the reset spring 542, causing the reset spring 542 to gradually compress and store elastic potential energy. At the same time, due to the tension of the connecting pull rope 55, the flip shield 52 is subjected to an outward flipping torque, gradually overcomes the elastic resistance of the retaining spring 53, and begins to flip. As the flip shield 52 flips, its shielding protection of the surveying and mapping instrument 7 is gradually released, and the surveying and mapping instrument 7 is exposed for subsequent surveying and mapping operations. The design of the guide plate 56 not only provides a limited movement path for the connecting rope 55, but also effectively prevents the connecting rope 55 from being entangled with the buffer telescopic rod 42 during movement, thereby ensuring independent and coordinated movement between the shielding mechanism 5 and the buffer support device 4. The shielding mechanism 5 effectively protects the safety of the surveying instrument 7 during transportation, and automatically removes the shielding during surveying and mapping operations, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the surveying and mapping work.

[0058] Technical features not described in the present invention can be implemented by existing technologies and will not be described in detail here. The present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by ordinary technicians in the field within the essential scope of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precise mapping device for highway planning, comprising a mapping device installed under a drone (1), characterized in that: The surveying and mapping device comprises a fixed connection mechanism (2), a centering adjustment mechanism (3), a buffer support device (4), a shielding mechanism (5), a rotating adjustment platform (6), a surveying and mapping instrument (7) and a remote controller; A fixed connection mechanism (2) is detachably mounted on a bottom bracket of the drone (1); A centering adjustment mechanism (3) is installed above the fixed connection mechanism (2) and serves as an installation base for the surveying instrument (7); A buffer support device (4) is installed directly below the fixed connection mechanism (2) and serves as a support structure for the entire surveying and mapping equipment; A shielding mechanism (5) is arranged on the windward side of the surveying instrument (7), the shielding mechanism (5) is fixedly connected to the fixed connection mechanism (2), and the control end of the shielding mechanism (5) is connected to the buffer support device (4) to shield and protect the detection end of the surveying instrument (7); A rotary adjustment platform (6) is installed between the buffer support device (4) and the fixed connection mechanism (2), the bottom of the rotary adjustment platform (6) is connected to the buffer support device (4), and the adjustment end of the buffer support device (4) is connected to the fixed connection mechanism (2), and is used to adjust the detection angle of the surveying instrument (7); A surveying instrument (7) is mounted on the adjustment end of the centering adjustment mechanism (3) and is used for surveying and mapping operations; A remote controller is used for remote communication connection between the surveying instrument (7), the rotary adjustment platform (6) and the buffer support device (4).

2. The precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed connection mechanism (2) comprises a limit adjustment slide (21), the limit adjustment slide (21) being provided with two movable ends, and limit fixing arms (22) being mounted on both movable ends of the limit adjustment slide (21), and the limit fixing arms (22) being connected to the drone (1).

3. The precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limit adjustment slide (21) comprises a first limit slide rail (211) installed thereon, a bidirectional adjustment screw rod (212) being installed inside the first limit slide rail (211), two first sliding adjustment blocks (217) being also provided inside the first limit slide rail (211), the bidirectional adjustment screw rod (212) being threadedly connected to the first sliding adjustment blocks (217), and a first rotation limit mechanism (213) being installed between the bidirectional adjustment screw rod (212) and the first limit slide rail (211).

4. The precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first rotation limiting mechanism (213) comprises a fixed limiting ring (214) mounted on the side of the first limiting slide rail (211), and a first anti-slip surface is provided on one side of the fixed limiting ring (214). The first rotation limiting mechanism (213) further comprises an elastic extrusion member (215) mounted on the bidirectional adjustment screw rod (212), and a movable pressing ring (216) is mounted on the elastic extrusion member (215), and a second anti-slip surface is provided on the side of the movable pressing ring (216), and the second anti-slip surface and the first anti-slip surface are in contact with each other.

5. The precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning according to claim 4, characterized in that: A rotation adjustment rail (221) is rotatably mounted on the position-limiting fixed arm (22), a plurality of sliding clamping members (222) are slidably mounted on the rotation adjustment rail (221), a locking cover plate (2222) is mounted on the side of the sliding clamping member (222), the top of the sliding clamping member (222) is slidably connected to a movable clamping plate (2221), and a spring is connected between the bottom of the movable clamping plate (2221) and the sliding clamping member (222).

6. The precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning according to claim 5, characterized in that: The centering adjustment mechanism (3) comprises a second limiting slide rail (31) mounted on the fixed connection mechanism (2), a second sliding adjustment block (32) being mounted inside the second limiting slide rail (31), a centering mark for indicating a centering position being provided on the side of the second limiting slide rail (31), a movable adjustment screw rod (33) being further mounted on the second limiting slide rail (31), the movable adjustment screw rod (33) being threadedly connected to the second sliding adjustment block (32), a second rotation limiting mechanism (34) being further provided between the movable adjustment screw rod (33) and the second limiting slide rail (31), and the second sliding adjustment block (32) being provided with a protective mounting seat (35).

7. The precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning according to claim 6, characterized in that: The protective mounting seat (35) comprises an airbag protection member (351) mounted on the second sliding adjustment block (32); a fixed mounting bracket (352) is mounted above the airbag protection member (351); and a plurality of mounting holes are provided on the fixed mounting bracket (352).

8. The precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning according to claim 7, characterized in that: The buffer support device (4) comprises a fixed seat (41) mounted at the bottom of the rotary adjustment platform (6); a plurality of buffer telescopic rods (42) are rotatably mounted on the fixed seat (41); the buffer telescopic rods (42) are evenly distributed with the fixed seat (41) as the axis; a linear drive (43) is mounted at the axis of the fixed seat (41); a synchronous connection block (44) is mounted at the output end of the linear drive (43); connecting rods (45) are mounted between the synchronous connection block (44) and the plurality of buffer telescopic rods (42); one end of the connecting rod (45) is rotatably connected to the synchronous connection block (44); and one end of the connecting rod (45) away from the buffer telescopic rod (42) is rotatably connected to the buffer telescopic rod (42); the buffer support device (44) further comprises a level detector (46) mounted on the fixed connection mechanism (2).

9. The precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning according to claim 8, characterized in that: One end of the buffer telescopic rod (42) is rotatably connected to the fixed seat (41); a telescopic rail (421) is provided inside the buffer telescopic rod (42); a telescopic adjustment rod (422) is installed inside the telescopic rail (421); the telescopic adjustment rod (422) is slidably connected to the telescopic rail (421); a driving adjustment screw (424) is also installed inside the telescopic rail (421); the driving adjustment screw (424) is threadedly connected to the telescopic adjustment rod (422); a rotary driver (423) is also installed on the buffer telescopic rod (42); the output end of the rotary driver (423) is transmission-connected to the driving adjustment screw (424); a buffer support sleeve (425) is also installed on the outer side of the buffer telescopic rod (42); the buffer support sleeve (425) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the buffer telescopic rod (42); a buffer spring (426) is also installed between the buffer support sleeve (425) and the buffer telescopic rod (42).

10. The precise surveying and mapping equipment for highway planning according to claim 9, characterized in that: The shielding mechanism (5) comprises a guide plate (56) mounted on the outside of the rotating adjustment platform (6). The shielding mechanism (5) further comprises a mounting base (51) mounted on the side of the fixed connection mechanism (2). A flip shielding cover (52) is mounted on the mounting base (51). A retaining spring (53) is mounted between the flip shielding cover (52) and the mounting base (51). An elastic pull-out assembly (54) is mounted inside the flip shielding cover (52). The elastic pull-out assembly (54) comprises a limiting sleeve (541) arranged inside the flip shielding cover (52). A pull-out connection block (543) is slidably mounted inside the limiting sleeve (541). A return spring (542) is mounted between the pull-out connection block (543) and the limiting sleeve (541). A connecting rope (55) is also mounted on the pull-out connection block (543). One end of the connecting rope (55) away from the pull-out connection block (543) passes through the guide plate (56) and is connected to the synchronous connection block (44).

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