An experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind forces and terrains

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of carbon dioxide pipeline leakage, especially to a test different wind, topography under the carbon dioxide pipeline leakage experimental device, it includes input system, test test system, data acquisition system; Input system includes CO2 storage tank, first ball valve, input pipeline, second ball valve; Test test system includes test section, leakage pipeline, third ball valve, topography model, first pipeline, second pipeline, third pipeline; Data acquisition system includes straight pipe temperature sensor, straight pipe pressure sensor, ambient temperature sensor, CO2 concentration sensor, leakage pressure sensor, leakage temperature sensor and computer. Through the present application, the change of temperature and concentration inside and outside the pipeline after the leakage of the land carbon dioxide pipeline can be understood, different wind and topography conditions can be simulated, the operability and safety can reach the conditions of indoor development, which is helpful for the monitoring of the land carbon dioxide pipeline leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide pipeline leakage, and more particularly to an experimental apparatus for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind conditions and terrain. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing global attention to climate change and adjustments to the energy structure, carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology is being used more widely, and carbon dioxide pipeline transportation is becoming increasingly important, but the risk of leakage cannot be ignored.

[0003] Carbon dioxide possesses unique physicochemical properties, yet systematic research on its leakage in pipelines is currently insufficient. Existing pipeline leakage simulation devices have numerous limitations. Some devices are not specifically designed for the characteristics of carbon dioxide, making it difficult to accurately simulate key parameters such as phase changes and diffusion rates under different operating conditions. Some devices oversimplify the simulation of the external environment; in terms of terrain simulation, they cannot accurately represent the undulations and slopes of actual terrain, and their wind simulation is limited to simple wind speed settings, failing to realistically reflect changes in wind direction and the complex flow of wind under different terrain conditions. Consequently, the experimental results differ significantly from real leakage scenarios.

[0004] As a result, these shortcomings make it impossible to provide a reliable basis for the safe design of carbon dioxide pipelines. Designs can only rely on experience and rough estimates, increasing uncertainty and risk. They also affect the accuracy of risk assessments, making it difficult to develop scientific risk management strategies and emergency plans. In the event of a leak, the lack of effective response could escalate the accident's impact, causing environmental damage and casualties, resulting in significant social and economic losses. Therefore, improvements and refinements are urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide an experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind forces and terrains. This device simulates and tests the leakage behavior of onshore carbon dioxide pipelines under varying terrain and wind conditions, encompassing changes in internal pipeline pressure and temperature, changes in ambient temperature around the pipeline, the formation of carbon dioxide accumulation zones, and low-temperature zones under upper, middle, and lower wind conditions. These tests aim to provide a scientific basis for the design, construction, and monitoring of onshore carbon dioxide pipelines in areas with different terrains and wind conditions, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0007] An experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind conditions and terrain includes an input system, a test system, and a data acquisition system.

[0008] As one embodiment of this application, the input system includes a CO2 storage tank (1), a first ball valve (2), an input pipe (3), an electric heating belt (4), an insulation layer (5), a second ball valve (8), and a flange (9); the front end of the input pipe (3) is connected to the CO2 storage tank (1), the first ball valve (2) is provided between the two, the end is connected to the flange (9), and the second ball valve (8) is provided at the front end of the flange (9); the electric heating belt (4) and the insulation layer (5) are provided around the pipe wall of the input pipe (3).

[0009] As one embodiment of this application, the test system includes a leakage pipe (10), a leakage port (13), a third ball valve (14), an exhaust pipe (15), a shut-off valve (16), an exhaust collection box (17), a test section (18), a temperature control device (19), a humidity control device (20), a terrain model (21), a first partition (22), a second partition (23), a first movable support (24), a second movable support (25), an air collection port (26), a rectifier (27), and a first pipe. (28), second pipeline (29), third pipeline (30), first electric regulating valve (31), second electric regulating valve (32), third electric regulating valve (33); the front end of the leakage pipeline (10) is connected to a flange (9), a leakage port (13) is opened in the middle, and the end is connected to the air inlet of the waste gas collection box (17), and a third ball valve (14) is set in front of the waste gas collection box (17); the front end of the waste gas pipeline (15) is connected to the lower air outlet of the test section (18), the end is connected to the air inlet of the waste gas collection box (17), and a third ball valve (14) is set in the middle. The shut-off valve (16); the temperature regulating device (19) and humidity regulating device (20) are set at the top of the test section (18); the terrain model (21) is set at the bottom of the test section (18); the first partition (22) and the second partition (23) are horizontally set inside the test section (18), dividing the test section (18) into upper, middle and lower parts; both the first partition (22) and the second partition (23) are perforated, and the number and diameter of the holes in the second partition (23) are larger than those in the first partition (22); The first movable support (24) and the second movable support (25) are set inside the test section (18) perpendicular to the leakage pipe (10); the first pipe (28), the second pipe (29), and the third pipe (30) are connected to the rectifier (27) at the front end, and the end is set at the upper, middle, and lower air inlets at the front end of the test section (18), and the first electric regulating valve (31), the second electric regulating valve (32), and the third electric regulating valve (33) are respectively set in the middle; the front end of the rectifier (27) is connected to the air collection port (26).

[0010] As one embodiment of this application, the data acquisition system includes a straight pipe temperature sensor (6), a straight pipe pressure sensor (7), a leakage temperature sensor (11), a leakage pressure sensor (12), a hub (34), a computer (35), an ambient temperature sensor (36), and a CO2 concentration sensor (37); the straight pipe temperature sensor (6) and the straight pipe pressure sensor (7) are located on the side wall of the input pipe (3) and are used to measure the internal pressure and temperature of the input pipe (3); the leakage temperature sensor (11) and the leakage pressure sensor (12) are located on the side wall of the leakage pipe (10) and are used to measure the internal pressure and temperature of the leakage pipe (10); the ambient temperature sensor (36) and the CO2 concentration sensor (37) are located on the first movable support (24) and the second movable support (25) respectively, and are arranged in a matrix; the hub (34) connects the sensor and the computer; the computer (35) is located outside the test section (18) and is used to collect data from each sensor.

[0011] As one embodiment of this application, the input pipe (3) heats and pressurizes carbon dioxide through an electric heating belt (4) to produce supercritical carbon dioxide, providing supercritical carbon dioxide to the leakage pipe (10); the supercritical carbon dioxide production status is determined by monitoring the data of the straight pipe temperature sensor (6) and the straight pipe pressure sensor (7).

[0012] As one embodiment of this application, the leak outlet (13) is circular or rectangular in shape; the waste gas collection box (17) is used to collect experimental waste gas to ensure personnel safety; the temperature regulation device (19) and humidity regulation device (20) are used to regulate the temperature and humidity conditions inside the test section (18); the terrain model (21) is a liftable terrain adjustment device to change the terrain undulation; the first partition (22) and the second partition (23) are both perforated, and the number and diameter of the holes in the second partition (23) are larger than those in the first partition (22), so as to ensure that the gas flow is not obstructed after the leak pipe (10) leaks, while maintaining the stability of the wind force in the upper, middle and lower layers.

[0013] As one embodiment of this application, the air collection port (26) is equipped with a fan for collecting outside air and rectifying it to make the airflow uniform; the rectifier (27) rectifies the air to make the airflow uniform; the first pipe (28), the second pipe (29), and the third pipe (30) are equipped with a first electric regulating valve (31), a second electric regulating valve (32), and a third electric regulating valve (33) for adjusting the wind speed and wind direction of the upper, middle, and lower levels.

[0014] As one embodiment of this application, the ambient temperature sensor (36) and CO2 concentration sensor (37) are distributed in a matrix on the first movable support (24) and the second movable support (25); the first movable support (24) and the second movable support (25) can move in parallel within the test section (18) to form a spatial coordinate system, and can form a comprehensive temperature and concentration monitoring network within the test section (18) to provide temperature and concentration data from multiple points in order to analyze the changes in the temperature field and concentration field within the test section (18) during the carbon dioxide leakage process.

[0015] The experimental apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present invention has at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0016] ① The main body of the experimental device is the test section (18). The land carbon dioxide leakage experiment is carried out in the test section. The designed terrain model (21) is a terrain adjustment device that can be raised and lowered. It can be adjusted according to the experimental needs and is flexible and versatile. The designed temperature adjustment device (19) and humidity adjustment device (20) can further simulate the actual environmental conditions of the pipeline. The designed wind simulation device rectifies the outside air to form a stable airflow, which enters different pipelines. By controlling the opening of the valve, the differences in wind speed and direction at different heights of the upper, middle and lower sections are realized. In the test section (18), the first partition (22) and the second partition (23) are designed. The partition adopts a perforated design, which not only ensures the stability of the wind conditions at each layer, but also keeps the gas in the test section circulating. The number and diameter of the holes in the second partition (23) are larger than those in the first partition (22). The advantage is that it avoids the upward diffusion of leaked gas being blocked, and gradually reduces the exchange intensity of airflow between the upper and lower areas, so that the wind speed in the upper area can be adjusted independently of the bottom area to a certain extent.

[0017] ② The design of the leak outlet (13) of the leaking pipe (10) is flexible and varied, and the shape is not limited to circular or rectangular. The entire pipe section of the leaking pipe (10) and the input pipe (3) is designed with electric heating belt (4) for heat tracing and insulation layer (5), which can more effectively ensure the stability of the carbon dioxide phase inside the pipe. The test section (18) and the leaking pipe (10) are both connected to the exhaust gas collection box (17) to ensure personnel safety and a good environment.

[0018] ③ The monitoring sensors are distributed in a matrix and installed on the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25). The advantage is that the position of the sensors can be moved freely, thus forming a spatial coordinate system. This enables a comprehensive temperature and concentration monitoring network to be formed within the test section (18), providing multi-point temperature and concentration data to analyze the changes in the temperature field and concentration field within the test section (18) during the carbon dioxide leakage process. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view of the first partition provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a top view of the second partition provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 A side view of a first movable support provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a side view of the second movable support provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] In the diagram: 1-CO2 storage tank; 2-First ball valve; 3-Input pipe; 4-Electric heating belt; 5-Insulation layer; 6-Straight pipe temperature sensor; 7-Straight pipe pressure sensor; 8-Second ball valve; 9-Flange; 10-Leakage pipe; 11-Leakage temperature sensor; 12-Leakage pressure sensor; 13-Leakage port; 14-Third ball valve; 15-Exhaust gas pipe; 16-Stop valve; 17-Exhaust gas collection box; 18-Test section; 19-Temperature control device; 20-Humidity control device; 21-Terrain model; 22-First partition; 23-Second partition; 24-First movable support; 25-Second movable support; 26-Gas collection port; 27-Rectifier; 28-First pipe; 29-Second pipe; 30-Third pipe; 31-First electric regulating valve; 32-Second electric regulating valve; 33-Third electric regulating valve; 34-Junction port; 35-Computer; 36-Ambient temperature sensor; 37- CO2 concentration sensor Detailed Implementation

[0025] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0026] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments.

[0027] ① Experimental preparation and connection

[0028] Connect the experimental setup. Connect the CO2 storage tank (1) to the input pipe (3) through the first ball valve (2). After the input pipe (3) is equipped with the electric heating belt (4) and the insulation layer (5), it is connected to the flange (9) at the front end of the leakage pipe (10) through the second ball valve (8). The end of the leakage pipe (10) is connected to the waste gas collection box (17) through the third ball valve (14). The waste gas collection box (17) is connected to the lower part of the test section (18) through the waste gas pipe (15) and the shut-off valve (16). Install the ambient temperature sensor (36) and the CO2 concentration sensor (37) on the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25) and place them in the test section (18). At the same time, install the straight pipe temperature sensor (6), the straight pipe pressure sensor (7), the leakage pressure sensor (12), and the leakage temperature sensor (11). Finally, connect the computer (35) to the circuits of each sensor.

[0029] After the connection is completed, open the first ball valve (2), the second ball valve (8), and the third ball valve (14), close the leak port (13), and purge the pipeline with carbon dioxide gas. After completion, check the airtightness of the device to ensure that there is no leakage.

[0030] ② Simulation of experimental conditions

[0031] Close the second ball valve (8) and the third ball valve (14), and adjust the temperature and humidity in the test section (18) through the temperature adjustment device (19) and the humidity adjustment device (20); use the first electric adjustment valve (31), the second electric adjustment valve (32) and the third electric adjustment valve (33) to simulate different wind conditions and adjust the wind speed and wind direction of the upper, middle and lower levels; operate the adjustment device of the terrain model (21) to simulate mountainous terrain and change the terrain undulation.

[0032] ③ Experimental Operation and Data Acquisition

[0033] Turn on the electric heating belt (4) and prepare supercritical carbon dioxide based on the monitoring of the straight pipe temperature sensor (6) and the straight pipe pressure sensor (7). After preparation, open the second ball valve (8) to input the supercritical carbon dioxide into the leakage pipe (10) and open the leakage port (13) according to the experimental design to start the leakage experiment.

[0034] Open the third ball valve (14) and the shut-off valve (16), and start the computer (35) to control the data acquisition system. The ambient temperature sensor (36), CO2 concentration sensor (37), leakage pressure sensor (12), and leakage temperature sensor (11) monitor the changes in relevant data in real time. The computer (35) collects and records the data. At the same time, the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25) can be moved to collect data at different positions.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0036] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between components; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0037] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0038] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind conditions and terrain, comprising an input system, a testing system, and a data acquisition system, characterized in that: The input system includes a CO2 storage tank (1), a first ball valve (2), an input pipe (3), an electric heating belt (4), an insulation layer (5), a second ball valve (8), and a flange (9); the front end of the input pipe (3) is connected to the CO2 storage tank (1) through the first ball valve (2), and the end is connected to the flange (9) with a second ball valve (8) installed at the front end of the flange (9); the electric heating belt (4) and the insulation layer (5) are installed around the pipe wall of the input pipe (3); The test system includes a leak pipe (10), a leak outlet (13), a third ball valve (14), an exhaust gas pipe (15), a shut-off valve (16), an exhaust gas collection box (17), a test section (18), a temperature control device (19), a humidity control device (20), a terrain model (21), a first partition (22), a second partition (23), a first movable support (24), a second movable support (25), an air collection port (26), a rectifier (27), a first pipe (28), and a second pipe (29). The third pipeline (30), the first electric regulating valve (31), the second electric regulating valve (32), and the third electric regulating valve (33); the front end of the leakage pipeline (10) is connected to the flange (9), a leakage port (13) is opened in the middle, and the end is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust gas collection box (17) and a third ball valve (14) is set in front of the exhaust gas collection box (17); the front end of the exhaust gas pipeline (15) is connected to the lower air outlet of the test section (18), the end is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust gas collection box (17), and a shut-off valve (16) is set in the middle; the temperature The regulating device (19) and humidity regulating device (20) are set at the top of the test section (18); the terrain model (21) is set at the bottom of the test section (18); the first partition (22) and the second partition (23) are horizontally set inside the test section (18), dividing the test section (18) into upper, middle and lower layers; the first partition (22) and the second partition (23) are each provided with multiple through holes, and the number and diameter of the through holes on the second partition (23) are greater than the number and diameter of the through holes on the first partition (22); the first adjustable The movable support (24) and the second movable support (25) are installed inside the test section (18) perpendicular to the leakage pipe (10); the front ends of the first pipe (28), the second pipe (29), and the third pipe (30) are connected to the rectifier (27), and the ends are respectively set at the upper, middle, and lower air inlets at the front end of the test section (18), and the middle is respectively set with the first electric regulating valve (31), the second electric regulating valve (32), and the third electric regulating valve (33); the front end of the rectifier (27) is connected to the air collection port (26); The data acquisition system includes a straight pipe temperature sensor (6), a straight pipe pressure sensor (7), a leakage temperature sensor (11), a leakage pressure sensor (12), a hub (34), a computer (35), an ambient temperature sensor (36), and a CO2 concentration sensor (37). The straight pipe temperature sensor (6) and the straight pipe pressure sensor (7) are installed on the side wall of the input pipe (3) to measure the pressure and temperature inside the input pipe (3). The leakage temperature sensor (11) and the leakage pressure sensor (12) are installed on the side wall of the leakage pipe (10) to measure the pressure and temperature inside the leakage pipe (10). The ambient temperature sensor (36) and the CO2 concentration sensor (37) are respectively installed on the first movable support (24) and the second movable support (25) in a matrix arrangement. The hub (34) connects each sensor to the computer (35). The computer (35) is located outside the test section (18) and is used to collect data from each sensor.

2. The experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The electric heating belt (4) is used to heat and pressurize the carbon dioxide in the input pipe (3) to produce supercritical carbon dioxide and provide supercritical carbon dioxide to the leakage pipe (10); the production status of supercritical carbon dioxide is determined by monitoring the data of the straight pipe temperature sensor (6) and the straight pipe pressure sensor (7).

3. The experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The leak (13) is circular or rectangular in shape; the exhaust gas collection box (17) is used to collect experimental exhaust gas; the temperature regulation device (19) and the humidity regulation device (20) are used to regulate the temperature and humidity inside the test section (18); the terrain model (21) is a liftable terrain adjustment device to change the terrain undulation.

4. The experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A fan is installed inside the air collection port (26) to collect outside air; the rectifier (27) rectifies the air to make the airflow uniform; the first electric regulating valve (31), the second electric regulating valve (32) and the third electric regulating valve (33) are used to regulate the wind speed and wind direction of the upper, middle and lower levels.

5. The experimental apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first movable support (24) and the second movable support (25) can move in parallel within the test section (18) to form a spatial coordinate system, and can form a comprehensive temperature and concentration monitoring network within the test section (18) to provide multi-point temperature and concentration data to analyze the changes in temperature and concentration fields during carbon dioxide leakage.

6. A method for investigating carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind conditions and terrains using the experimental apparatus described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The experimental steps include the following: ① Connect the experimental apparatus and check its airtightness; ② Open the first ball valve (2), the second ball valve (8) and the third ball valve (14), close the leak port (13), and purge the pipeline with carbon dioxide gas to verify the airtightness of the device; ③ Close the second ball valve (8) and the third ball valve (14), adjust the temperature and humidity in the test section (18) by the temperature adjustment device (19) and the humidity adjustment device (20), set the wind speed and wind direction of the upper, middle and lower layers by adjusting the first electric adjustment valve (31), the second electric adjustment valve (32) and the third electric adjustment valve (33), and adjust the terrain model (21) to set the required terrain; ④ Start the electric heating belt (4), and prepare supercritical carbon dioxide by monitoring the data of the straight pipe temperature sensor (6) and the straight pipe pressure sensor (7). After preparation, open the second ball valve (8) and input the supercritical carbon dioxide into the leakage pipe (10) for leakage experiment. ⑤ Open the third ball valve (14) and the shut-off valve (16), and monitor the changes in the internal and external temperature and CO2 concentration of the pipeline through the data acquisition system, and record the data.

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