A connector and an optical communication system

Abstract

This invention provides a connector and an optical communication system. The connector includes: an adapter base having multiple optical channels spaced apart and arranged in a row; the adapter base having a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other; the optical channels passing through the first side and the second side respectively forming a first optical port and a second optical port; a waveguide device connected to the adapter base and having a third side and a fourth side arranged opposite to each other; the waveguide device having multiple non-interfering and non-intersecting three-dimensional optical waveguides arranged in at least one row on the surface of the fourth side; and a first insertion structure disposed on the waveguide device for insertion and mating with a second insertion structure of a ferrule. The alignment difficulty of the assembly method is low, resulting in lower precision requirements; moreover, the connector has the flexibility of being pluggable and reconfigurable, thereby reducing the coupling assembly requirements between the optical chip and the ferrule, and improving the flexibility and reliability of the assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical communication technology, and more particularly to a connector and an optical communication system. Background Technology

[0002] Data centers are experiencing ever-increasing bandwidth demands while facing increasingly stringent energy consumption requirements. Co-packaged optics (CPO) integrates optical and electrical chips within a single package to achieve high-speed, low-power optical interconnects. This integration reduces signal transmission latency, increases data transmission rates, and lowers system power consumption.

[0003] In related technologies, the coupling assembly of silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and mechanical transfer ferrules (MTs), especially in edge coupling, relies on directly attaching the fiber of the MT to a V-groove on the PIC. To accurately position the end face of the MT fiber, the coupling surface of the V-groove requires high precision. Furthermore, since the ferrule needs to be installed within the V-groove, rework is not an option; any error will result in the loss of the entire package, leading to high requirements for the coupling assembly between the PIC and MT. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a connector and an optical communication system, which aims to solve the problem of high coupling and assembly requirements between PIC and MT in related technologies.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a connector, comprising:

[0006] The adapter has multiple optical channels spaced apart and arranged in a row. The adapter has a first side and a second side that are oppositely distributed. The optical channels pass through the first side and the second side to form a first optical port and a second optical port, respectively. The first optical port is used to align with the third optical port of the optoelectronic module.

[0007] A waveguide device, connected to the adapter and having a third side and a fourth side distributed opposite to each other, contains multiple non-interfering and non-intersecting three-dimensional optical waveguides. The multiple three-dimensional optical waveguides are arranged in a row on the surface of the third side and aligned with multiple second optical ports one by one; their surfaces on the fourth side are aligned with multiple optical fibers of the ferrule one by one; the three-dimensional optical waveguides are arranged in at least one row on the surface of the fourth side; and...

[0008] A first insertion structure is disposed on the waveguide device, and the first insertion structure is used to insert and cooperate with the second insertion structure of the ferrule.

[0009] Optionally, in the direction from the third side to the fourth side, the waveguide device is provided with a first straight waveguide region, a curved waveguide region, and a second straight waveguide region that are sequentially and continuously distributed; wherein, the length of the three-dimensional optical waveguide in the first straight waveguide region and the second straight waveguide region is perpendicular to the coupling interface between the waveguide device and the ferrule, and the three-dimensional optical waveguide in the curved waveguide region is curved relative to the three-dimensional optical waveguide in the first straight waveguide region and the second straight waveguide region.

[0010] Optionally, the bending loss of the three-dimensional optical waveguide within the bent waveguide region satisfies the following formula:

[0011]

[0012] Among them, a t Let be the bending loss of the three-dimensional optical waveguide, a be the bending loss coefficient of the three-dimensional optical waveguide, R be the radius of curvature of the three-dimensional optical waveguide, L be the length of the bending waveguide region, and S be the transition function of the bending waveguide region.

[0013] Optionally, the transition function of the curved waveguide region satisfies the following formula:

[0014]

[0015] Where x(t) is the transition function in the horizontal direction, and A1 is the horizontal direction component of the relative displacement of the cross-sections at both ends of the three-dimensional optical waveguide within the curved waveguide region.

[0016] Optionally, the length of the first straight waveguide region ranges from 0.5mm to 1.5mm, the length of the curved waveguide region ranges from 8mm to 15mm, and the length of the first straight waveguide region ranges from 0.5mm to 1.5mm.

[0017] Optionally, the spacing between the three-dimensional optical waveguides in the first straight waveguide region is non-uniform, while the three-dimensional optical waveguides in the same row in the second straight waveguide region are equidistantly spaced.

[0018] Optionally, one of the first plug-in structure and the second plug-in structure is a plug-in member, and the other is a plug-in slot.

[0019] Optionally, the second side of the adapter is provided with a first step, and the third side of the waveguide device is provided with a second step, and the first step and the second step are assembled together.

[0020] Optionally, the adapter also has a fifth side connected to the first side and the second side respectively, the third side is connected to the second side, the waveguide device is at least partially disposed on the fifth side, and a third step for assembly with the optoelectronic module is provided between the third side and the fifth side.

[0021] A second aspect of the present invention provides an optical communication system, comprising:

[0022] The optoelectronic module is equipped with multiple third optical ports;

[0023] As described in any one of the above-mentioned connectors, the optoelectronic module is connected to the first side, and the plurality of third optical ports are aligned with the plurality of first optical ports one by one; and...

[0024] A ferrule is connected to the fourth side, and the ferrule is provided with multiple optical fibers, which are aligned with multiple three-dimensional optical waveguides.

[0025] Compared with related technologies, the connector and optical communication system of this invention have the following advantages: During the assembly process of the connector and optical chip, only the multiple first optical ports of the adapter need to be aligned one-to-one with the multiple third optical ports of the optical chip to achieve coupling between the connector and the optical chip. Similarly, during the assembly process of the connector and ferrule, only the multiple three-dimensional optical waveguides of the waveguide device need to be aligned one-to-one with the multiple optical fibers of the ferrule to achieve coupling between the connector and the ferrule, thereby achieving coupling between the optical chip and the ferrule. This assembly method has lower alignment difficulty, resulting in lower precision requirements. Moreover, since only the first optical port of the connector is aligned with the optical chip during assembly, the optical chip will not be damaged in case of operational errors. The plug-in assembly between the connector and the ferrule gives the connector the flexible characteristics of being pluggable and reconfigurable, thereby reducing the coupling assembly requirements between the optical chip and the ferrule and improving the flexibility and reliability of the assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the optical communication system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connector structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3This is a top view of the connector provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the connector provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the partitioning of the waveguide device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings, the reference numerals represent: 1. Adapter; 11. Optical channel; 12. First side; 13. Second side; 14. First optical port; 15. Second optical port; 16. First step; 17. Fifth side; 2. Waveguide device; 21. Third side; 22. Fourth side; 23. Three-dimensional optical waveguide; 24. Second step; 3. Connector; 4. Third step; 10. Optoelectronic module; 101. Substrate; 102. Optical chip; 20. Connector; 30. Fold; 301. Base; 302. Optical fiber; A. First straight waveguide region; B. Bent waveguide region; C. Second straight waveguide region. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "circumferential," and "radial," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0035] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0036] Example:

[0037] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides an optical communication system, including an optoelectronic module 10, a connector 20, and a ferrule 30. The connector 20 is bonded to the optoelectronic module 10, and the ferrule 30 is detachably connected to the connector 20. The optoelectronic module 10 includes a substrate 101 and an optical chip 102. The optical chip 102 is disposed on the surface of the substrate 101 and has multiple third optical ports spaced apart and arranged in a row. The ferrule 30 includes a base 301, an optical fiber 302, and a second insertion structure. The optical fiber 302 is disposed on the base 301, and multiple optical fibers 302 are provided. The second insertion structure is disposed on the base 301.

[0038] Please see Figures 1 to 5 The connector 20 includes an adapter 1, a waveguide device 2, and a first insertion structure. The adapter 1 has multiple optical channels 11 spaced apart and arranged in a row, and the adapter 1 has a first side 12 and a second side 13 arranged opposite to each other. The optical channels 11 pass through the first side 12 and the second side 13 to form a first optical port 14 and a second optical port 15, respectively. The first optical port 14 is used to align with the third optical port of the optoelectronic module 10. The waveguide device 2 is connected to the adapter 1 and has a third side 21 and a fourth side 22 arranged opposite to each other. The waveguide device 2 has multiple three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 that do not interfere with each other and do not cross each other. The multiple three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 are arranged in a row on the surface of the third side 21 and aligned with the multiple second optical ports 15 one by one. On the surface of the fourth side 22, they are aligned with the multiple optical fibers 302 of the ferrule 30 one by one. The three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 are arranged in at least one row on the surface of the fourth side 22. The first insertion structure is disposed on the waveguide device 2 and is used to insert and cooperate with the second insertion structure of the ferrule 30.

[0039] During the assembly of connector 20 and optical chip 102, coupling between connector 20 and optical chip 102 can be achieved simply by aligning the multiple first optical ports 14 of adapter 1 with the multiple third optical ports of optical chip 102 one by one. Similarly, during the assembly of connector 20 and ferrule 30, coupling between connector 20 and ferrule 30 can be achieved simply by aligning the multiple three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 of waveguide device 2 with the multiple optical fibers 302 of ferrule 30 one by one. This assembly method has lower alignment difficulty, resulting in lower precision requirements. Moreover, since only the first optical ports 14 of connector 20 are aligned with optical chip 102 during assembly, optical chip 102 will not be damaged in case of operational errors. The plug-in assembly between connector 20 and ferrule 30 gives connector 20 the flexibility of being pluggable and reconfigurable, thereby reducing the coupling assembly requirements between optical chip 102 and ferrule 30 and improving assembly flexibility and reliability.

[0040] It should be noted that the light emitted by the optical chip 102 enters the optical channel 11 through the third optical port and the first optical port 14. The light in the optical channel 11 is emitted from the second optical port 15 and coupled through the end face into the waveguide device 2. Within the waveguide device 2, it undergoes three-dimensional spatial transformation via the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23, and is then coupled through the end face into the optical fiber 302 of the ferrule 30 for transmission, thereby achieving low-loss and high-efficiency coupling. The design of multiple three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 within the waveguide device 2 allows for complex optical signal transmission paths and multi-wavelength applications, thus providing greater design flexibility. Furthermore, it can improve the integration and miniaturization of the optical communication system, which is beneficial for achieving optoelectronic integration.

[0041] It should be understood that, due to the reciprocity of light, the optical path of connector 20 is reversible. Light emitted from the ferrule 30 can also enter the optical chip 102 through the same optical path, thus enabling connector 20 to have the function of transmitting and receiving.

[0042] Please see Figure 3 In this invention, the number of optical channels 11 is set according to actual needs. For example, there can be twelve optical channels 11, then there are twelve first optical ports 14 and twelve second optical ports 15, and twelve three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 are provided in the waveguide device 2. Among them, the second optical ports 15 are arranged in a row on the second side 13, and the three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 are arranged in two rows on the surface of the fourth side 22, so that the waveguide device 2 maps 1*12 light to 2*6 light output. Alternatively, the waveguide device 2 maps 1*16 light to 2*8 light output and 1*9 light to 3*3 light output.

[0043] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 5 Along the direction from the third side 21 to the fourth side 22, the waveguide device 2 is provided with a first straight waveguide region A, a curved waveguide region B, and a second straight waveguide region C, which are sequentially and continuously distributed. The length of the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 within the first and second straight waveguide regions A and C is perpendicular to the coupling interface between the waveguide device 2 and the ferrule 30, allowing for redundancy in subsequent grinding and polishing. The three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 within the curved waveguide region B is curved relative to the three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 within the first and second straight waveguide regions A and C. The three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 within the curved waveguide region B can three-dimensionally twist and change the optical path, thereby remapping the optical port distribution. This helps solve the coupling problems caused by mode field and structural adaptation, achieving low-loss and low-crosstalk changes in beam position.

[0044] In this invention, to determine the positions, spot sizes, and optical path layout of the optical chip 102 and the ferrule 30, optical design software is used for simulation and optimization to ensure that the optical path meets performance requirements. The path, bends, branches, and coupling regions of the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 are designed to ensure that the optical signal can be transmitted effectively.

[0045] In some embodiments, in order to optimize the bending loss caused by the bending of the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23, it is necessary to optimize the radius of curvature and length of the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23. For this purpose, the bending loss of the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 in the bent waveguide region B satisfies the following formula:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, a t Let be the bending loss of the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23, a be the bending loss coefficient of the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23, R be the radius of curvature of the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23, R can be approximated as |1 / S″|, L be the length of the bending waveguide region B, and S be the transition function of the bending waveguide region B.

[0048] It should be understood that the bending loss of S-shaped three-dimensional optical waveguides 23, such as cosine, sine, power function, and circular arc types, can be simulated and calculated based on the bending loss formula described above. This allows for the optimization of the curvature radius and length of the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23, thereby reducing the overall insertion loss of the waveguide device 2. The additional bending loss introduced does not exceed 0.5 dB, resulting in connector 20 exhibiting low bending loss characteristics.

[0049] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 is formed by femtosecond laser direct writing of the waveguide device 2. During processing, the transition function of the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 within the curved waveguide region B satisfies the following formula:

[0050]

[0051] Where x(t) is the transition function in the horizontal direction, A1 is the horizontal component of the relative displacement of the cross sections at both ends of the three-dimensional optical waveguide in the curved waveguide region, y(t) is the transition function in the vertical direction, and A2 is the vertical component of the relative displacement of the cross sections at both ends of the three-dimensional optical waveguide in the curved waveguide region.

[0052] It should be understood that scanning and direct writing using a femtosecond laser along a curved trajectory that satisfies the above formula can optimize the overall transmission loss of waveguide device 2. During processing, relative to the zero-point position of the femtosecond laser direct writing process, the horizontal axis coordinate of the real-time position satisfies the transition function x(t), and the vertical axis coordinate satisfies the transition function y(t).

[0053] Since the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 is formed by femtosecond laser direct writing of the waveguide device 2, a precise three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 can be formed inside the glass material without damaging the material surface. The stability and heat resistance of the glass material enable the connector 20 to work stably under various environmental conditions, thus enabling it to be used for three-dimensional directional optical signal transmission. Of course, the waveguide device 2 can also be made of different transparent materials such as lithium niobate, polymers, or various crystal materials.

[0054] In some embodiments, the femtosecond laser processing apparatus includes: a femtosecond laser in the near-infrared or visible light band, an objective lens, and a three-dimensional motorized displacement stage. Before processing, a suitable glass material for laser processing is selected. This material should have sufficient transparency and appropriate optical properties to allow the laser pulse to propagate and be absorbed internally. A femtosecond laser is used, capable of generating ultrashort pulses (femtosecond level) with high peak power, which can produce nonlinear optical effects within the material. The femtosecond laser is focused into the glass through the objective lens. The focusing position and scanning path of the beam are precisely controlled to form the desired three-dimensional structure. When the femtosecond laser pulse is focused inside the glass, its high peak power can produce a nonlinear absorption effect in the focused region, causing permanent changes in the glass material in local areas (such as changes in refractive index). By precisely controlling the movement and repeated scanning of the laser beam, the refractive index inside the glass is changed point by point, gradually constructing a three-dimensional optical waveguide 23. Utilizing the three-dimensional processing capabilities of the femtosecond laser, complex three-dimensional paths, including curved, branching, and intersecting structures, can be created inside the glass without damaging the glass surface. Based on the test results, it may be necessary to adjust the laser processing parameters, perform optimization and iteration to achieve optimal performance. The processed waveguide coupling loss is <0.35dB / area, and the transmission loss is <0.15dB / cm (for straight waveguides or waveguides with large bending radii), thus this processing method has the advantages of low loss and high efficiency.

[0055] In some embodiments, the length of the first straight waveguide region A ranges from 0.5mm to 1.5mm, for example, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, etc. The length of the curved waveguide region B ranges from 8mm to 15mm, for example, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 12mm, 14mm, 15mm. The length of the first straight waveguide region A ranges from 0.5mm to 1.5mm, for example, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, etc.

[0056] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 5In some embodiments, the spacing between the three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 within the first straight waveguide region A is not uniform. For example, the spacing between two adjacent three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 within the first straight waveguide region A can be 127 μm or an integer multiple thereof, or 250 μm or an integer multiple thereof. Within the second straight waveguide region C, the three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 in the same row are equally spaced. The spacing between two adjacent three-dimensional optical waveguides 23 within the second straight waveguide region C can be 80 μm or an integer multiple thereof, or 127 μm or an integer multiple thereof, or 250 μm or an integer multiple thereof.

[0057] It should be noted that the spacing between each three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 in the first straight waveguide region A matches the spacing between each second optical port 15, the spacing between each three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 in the second straight waveguide region C matches the spacing between each optical fiber 302, and the diameter of each three-dimensional optical waveguide 23 in the second straight waveguide region C matches the diameter of each optical fiber 302.

[0058] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, one of the first and second plug-in structures is a plug-in 3, and the other is a plug-in slot. For example, the first plug-in structure can be a plug-in 3, and the second plug-in structure can be a plug-in slot, with the plug-in 3 plugging into the plug-in slot; wherein, there can be two plug-in 3s, which are respectively disposed at opposite ends of the fourth side 22 of the waveguide device 2.

[0059] It should be noted that the first plug-in structure can also be a plug-in slot, and the second plug-in structure can also be a plug-in component 3.

[0060] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 The adapter 1 has a first step 16 on its second side 13 and a second step 24 on its third side 21. The first step 16 and the second step 24 are assembled together. The first step 16 and the second step 24 can be used to achieve precise positioning of the adapter 1 and the waveguide device 2, which facilitates the rapid alignment of the second optical port 15 and the three-dimensional optical waveguide 23. Two second steps 24 can be provided, and the adapter 1 and the waveguide device 2 can be fixed by adhesive bonding.

[0061] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 4 The adapter 1 is also provided with a fifth side 17 connected to the first side 12 and the second side 13 respectively. The third side 21 is connected to the second side 13. The waveguide device 2 is at least partially disposed on the fifth side 17. A third step 4 for assembly with the optoelectronic module 10 is provided between the third side 21 and the fifth side 17. The third step 4 is assembled with the substrate 101, which can realize the quick alignment of the first optical port 14 and the third optical port. At the same time, the connector 20 can be glued and fixed on the substrate 101 to avoid damage to the optical chip 102.

[0062] It should be noted that after the connector 20 is bonded and fixed to the substrate 101, the first side 12 of the adapter 1 is attached to the side of the optical chip 102 with the third optical port; after the ferrule 30 is inserted into the waveguide device 2, the fourth side 22 of the waveguide device 2 is attached to the side of the ferrule 30 with the end face of the optical fiber 302, thereby achieving precise end-face coupling between the connector 20 and the optical chip 102, and between the connector 20 and the ferrule 30, improving the coupling efficiency of the optical signal, reducing the loss of the optical signal, reducing transmission loss, and improving mode field matching. Moreover, it also allows the connector 20 to be seamlessly integrated into the optical chip 102.

[0063] During the assembly of the optoelectronic module 10, connector 20, and ferrule 30, a multi-dimensional electric or manual displacement stage can be used to couple the optoelectronic module 10, connector 20, and ferrule 30. A vacuum adsorption fixture is used to fix the optoelectronic module 10 and connector 20, and their positions are adjusted under real-time observation by a high-definition camera. After confirming the coupling and performing initial alignment, the positional deviation is fed back using real-time monitoring by an optical power meter. After fine adjustment, UV adhesive is used for curing. UV adhesive with good light transmittance is selected for end-face coupling to reduce the impact of curing deformation on device coupling loss. The ferrule 30 is inserted into the connector 20 and fixed with adhesive in the same way. After the device is coupled, the loss per channel does not exceed 1.5 dB, with a typical value of 1.0 dB.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A connector, characterized in that, include: The adapter has multiple optical channels spaced apart and arranged in a row. The adapter has a first side and a second side that are oppositely distributed. The optical channels pass through the first side and the second side to form a first optical port and a second optical port, respectively. The first optical port is used to align with the third optical port of the optoelectronic module. A waveguide device, connected to the adapter and having a third side and a fourth side distributed opposite to each other, contains multiple non-interfering and non-intersecting three-dimensional optical waveguides. The multiple three-dimensional optical waveguides are arranged in a row on the surface of the third side and aligned with multiple second optical ports one by one; their surfaces on the fourth side are aligned with multiple optical fibers of the ferrule one by one; the three-dimensional optical waveguides are arranged in at least one row on the surface of the fourth side; and... A first insertion structure is disposed on the waveguide device, and the first insertion structure is used to insert and cooperate with the second insertion structure of the ferrule; Along the direction from the third side to the fourth side, the waveguide device is provided with a first straight waveguide region, a curved waveguide region, and a second straight waveguide region that are sequentially and continuously distributed; wherein, the length of the three-dimensional optical waveguide in the first straight waveguide region and the second straight waveguide region is perpendicular to the coupling interface between the waveguide device and the ferrule, and the three-dimensional optical waveguide in the curved waveguide region is curved relative to the three-dimensional optical waveguide in the first straight waveguide region and the second straight waveguide region; The bending loss of the three-dimensional optical waveguide within the bent waveguide region satisfies the following formula: ； in, The bending loss of the three-dimensional optical waveguide is... Let be the bending loss coefficient of the three-dimensional optical waveguide. Let L be the radius of curvature of the three-dimensional optical waveguide, and L be the length of the curved waveguide region. The transition function of the curved waveguide region; The transition function of the curved waveguide region satisfies the following formula: ； ； in, This is the transition function along the horizontal axis. The horizontal component of the relative displacement between the cross sections at both ends of the three-dimensional optical waveguide within the curved waveguide region. This is the transition function along the vertical axis. The vertical component of the relative displacement of the cross sections at both ends of the three-dimensional optical waveguide within the curved waveguide region.

2. The connector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the first straight waveguide region ranges from 0.5mm to 1.5mm, the length of the curved waveguide region ranges from 8mm to 15mm, and the length of the first straight waveguide region ranges from 0.5mm to 1.5mm.

3. The connector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the three-dimensional optical waveguides in the first straight waveguide region is non-uniform, while the three-dimensional optical waveguides in the same row in the second straight waveguide region are equally spaced.

4. The connector according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the first plug-in structure and the second plug-in structure is a plug-in component, and the other is a plug-in slot.

5. The connector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adapter has a first step on its second side and the waveguide device has a second step on its third side. The first step and the second step are assembled together.

6. The connector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adapter also has a fifth side that is connected to the first side and the second side respectively. The third side is connected to the second side. The waveguide device is at least partially disposed on the fifth side, and a third step for assembly with the optoelectronic module is provided between the third side and the fifth side.

7. An optical communication system, characterized in that, include: The optoelectronic module is equipped with multiple third optical ports; The connector as described in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the optoelectronic module is connected to the first side, and the plurality of third optical ports are aligned with the plurality of first optical ports one by one; and, A ferrule is connected to the fourth side, and the ferrule is provided with multiple optical fibers, which are aligned with multiple three-dimensional optical waveguides.

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