A method of increasing the productivity of a degraded grazed pasture

Abstract

The application provides a method for improving productivity of degenerated grazing grassland, and belongs to the technical field of grassland restoration.The application comprises the following steps: installing a water and fertilizer automatic management device every 2m on a grazing grassland in need of restoration; performing no-tillage supplemental sowing of pasture: sowing gramineous pasture in a furrow, and then crosswise sowing two leguminous pastures mixed uniformly with the gramineous pasture; the water and fertilizer automatic management device is provided with a wireless sensor system, the soil water content, soil nutrient content and vegetation growth condition are monitored by using the wireless sensor system, and precise irrigation and precise fertilization are performed according to the monitoring data.The application improves the productivity of the degenerated grassland by the measures of intelligent fertilization and irrigation and no-tillage supplemental sowing.The application strictly controls the fertilization time, dosage and field water holding capacity of the pasture on the grassland, can promote the absorption of the pasture on the grassland to the nutrient components, and further improves the productivity of the grassland and the yield of the pasture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of grassland restoration technology, and in particular relates to a method for improving the productivity of degraded grazing grassland. Background Technology

[0002] Grasslands are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems. Due to overgrazing and continuous mowing, and other unhealthy development practices, grassland soil nutrients are rapidly depleted, vegetation degradation is severe, grassland yields are reduced, and carrying capacity is decreased, seriously impacting agricultural and pastoral production and hindering the sustainable use of land resources. If measures are not taken to restore and enhance the productivity of degraded grasslands, not only will the healthy development of grassland animal husbandry be severely affected, but the ecological service functions of grasslands will also continue to decline. Rapidly improving the productivity of degraded grasslands is a formidable task. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the productivity of degraded pastureland, which can promote the absorption of nutrients by pasture grasses, thereby increasing the productivity of the pastureland and the yield of pasture grasses.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A method for improving the productivity of degraded pastureland includes the following steps:

[0006] Install an automatic water and fertilizer management device every 2m on the pastureland that needs to be restored; carry out no-till reseeding of pasture: sow grass pasture in furrows, and then mix the two kinds of legume pasture evenly and sow them in a cross-shaped pattern with grass pasture.

[0007] The automatic water and fertilizer management device is equipped with a wireless sensor system to monitor soil moisture content, soil nutrient content, and vegetation growth status, and to carry out precise irrigation and fertilization based on the monitoring data.

[0008] Preferably, irrigation is carried out when the soil moisture content monitored by the wireless sensor system is lower than 60% of the field capacity; the irrigation is stopped when the soil moisture content is higher than 80% of the field capacity.

[0009] Preferably, topdressing is applied when the available phosphorus content in the soil is below 10 mg / kg, available nitrogen content is below 15 mg / kg, and available potassium content is below 100 mg / kg, as monitored by the wireless sensor system.

[0010] Preferably, the topdressing is as follows: when the coverage of leguminous forage grass in the vegetation is 30% to 70%, apply 8 to 10 kg of organic fertilizer per mu + 8 to 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu + 5 kg of P2O5 per mu.

[0011] When the coverage of leguminous forage grasses in the vegetation is greater than 70%, apply 8-10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 10.4-15 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer + 5 kg / mu of P2O5 as top dressing;

[0012] When the coverage of leguminous forage grasses in the vegetation is less than 30%, apply 8-10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 8-10 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer + 6.5-7.5 kg / mu of P2O5 as top dressing.

[0013] Preferably, the grass forage is any one of oats, crested wheatgrass, awnless bromegrass, triticale, and flat-spike wheatgrass.

[0014] Preferably, the legume forage grass is any two of the following: arrowhead pea, red clover, alfalfa, birdsfoot root, and hairy vetch.

[0015] Preferably, the sowing rate of the grass is 7-9 kg / mu, and the sowing rate of the two leguminous forages is 2-4 kg / mu.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic water and fertilizer management device, including a solar panel, a camera, a wireless signal device, a fertilization system, an irrigation system, and a sensor system;

[0017] The fertilization system includes a fertilizer pipe, a fertilizer storage device, and a fertilizer smart switch. The fertilizer storage device is connected to the fertilizer pipe, and the fertilizer smart switch is installed on the fertilizer pipe. The sensor system monitors the soil nutrient content data and feeds it back to the central control system via a wireless signal device. The central control system controls the opening and closing of the fertilizer smart switch via the wireless signal device.

[0018] The irrigation system includes micro-sprinklers, a water storage tank, and a micro-sprinkler smart switch. The water storage tank is connected to the micro-sprinklers, and the micro-sprinkler smart switch is installed on the micro-sprinklers. The sensor system monitors the soil moisture content data and feeds it back to the central control system via a wireless signal transmitter. The central control system controls the opening and closing of the micro-sprinkler smart switch via the wireless signal transmitter.

[0019] Preferably, the sensor system includes a soil detection sensor system, which is located within the 0-10cm soil layer of the pasture.

[0020] Preferably, the water storage device and the fertilizer storage device are detachably connected to form an integrated structure.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] This invention provides a method for improving the productivity of degraded grazing grasslands. It utilizes supplemental irrigation and fertigation technology to achieve scientific and rational grassland utilization and increase livestock carrying capacity. Through intelligent fertilization and irrigation, as well as no-till reseeding, this invention enhances the productivity of degraded grasslands. Strict control is exercised over the timing, amount, and field water holding capacity of fertilization for forage grasses, promoting nutrient absorption and thus increasing grassland productivity and forage yield. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 The automatic water and fertilizer management device includes: 1. Solar panel; 2. Camera; 3. Wireless signal transmitter; 4. Micro-sprinkler; 5. Fertilizer pipe; 6. Water storage device; 7. Fertilizer storage device; 8. Soil moisture monitoring device; 9. Soil nutrient monitoring device; 10. Micro-sprinkler intelligent switch; 11. Fertilizer intelligent switch.

[0024] Figure 2 The pastureland restored by the method provided in Example 1;

[0025] Figure 3 The pastureland restored by the method provided in Comparative Example 1;

[0026] Figure 4 Aboveground biomass after different treatments; different lowercase letters indicate significant differences. P <0.05);

[0027] Figure 5 For community vegetation cover after different treatments, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences. P <0.05). Detailed Implementation

[0028] This invention provides a method for improving the productivity of degraded pastureland, comprising the following steps: installing an automatic water and fertilizer management device every 2m on the pastureland to be restored; performing no-till reseeding of forage grasses: furrow sowing of gramineous forage grasses, followed by uniform mixing of two types of leguminous forage grasses and cross-seeding with the gramineous forage grasses; the automatic water and fertilizer management device is equipped with a wireless sensor system, which monitors soil moisture content, soil nutrient content and vegetation growth status, and performs precise irrigation and precise fertilization based on the monitoring data.

[0029] In this invention, the gramineous forage grasses are selected from any one of oats, crested wheatgrass, awnless bromegrass, triticale, and flat-spike wheatgrass. The sowing rate of the gramineous forage grasses is 7-9 kg / mu, preferably 8 kg / mu. The legume forage grasses are selected from any two of arrowhead pea, red clover, alfalfa, birdsfoot root, and hairy vetch. When sowing the legume forage grasses, the sowing rate of each legume forage grass is 2-4 kg / mu, preferably 3 kg / mu. As an implementable method, this invention uses an inverted T-shaped furrow opener to sow the forage grass seeds.

[0030] This invention involves sowing gramineous and leguminous forage grasses in a cross-seeding manner. This improves the ventilation and permeability of the pasture during the growing season and ensures that the leguminous forage grasses receive sufficient sunlight, avoiding the shading effect of the gramineous forage grasses. Furthermore, the mixed sowing of these two leguminous forage grasses enhances soil fertility, increases biodiversity, and strengthens resilience.

[0031] The present invention applies 3-6 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate after sowing of forage grass, preferably 5 kg / mu.

[0032] The method provided by this invention is preferably used to restore degraded pastureland during the fallow period; preferably, the pastureland to be restored is enclosed by fencing, and as an implementable method, this invention uses electronic fences.

[0033] In this invention, irrigation is carried out when the soil moisture content is lower than 60% of the field capacity by the wireless sensor system; irrigation is stopped when the soil moisture content is higher than 80% of the field capacity.

[0034] In this invention, when the available phosphorus content in the soil is below 10 mg / kg, available nitrogen below 15 mg / kg, and available potassium below 100 mg / kg, topdressing is applied. The topdressing is as follows: when the legume forage grass coverage in the vegetation is 30%~70%, apply 8~10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 8~10 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer + 5 kg / mu of P2O5; when the legume forage grass coverage in the vegetation is >70%, apply 8~10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 10.4~15 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer + 5 kg / mu of P2O5; when the legume forage grass coverage in the vegetation is <30%, apply 8~10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 8~10 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer + 6.5~7.5 kg / mu of P2O5.

[0035] In this invention, the nitrogen fertilizer is a conventional nitrogen fertilizer (N > 46%), and as one feasible method, the conventional nitrogen fertilizer is urea (N > 46%). The organic fertilizer is a compound microbial fertilizer with organic matter ≥ 40%, effective viable bacteria count ≥ 20 million / gram, and N2+P2O5+K2O ≥ 8%. The compound microbial fertilizer in the specific embodiment of this invention was purchased from Ningxia Wufeng Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0036] This invention, through topdressing, can maintain the ratio of legume forage to grass forage in the vegetation at about 1:1, which can optimize nutrient utilization, increase forage yield and quality, improve soil structure and enhance stress resistance.

[0037] Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic water and fertilizer management device, including a solar panel 1, a camera 2, a wireless signal device 3, a fertilization system, an irrigation system, and a sensor system (such as...). Figure 1 (As shown). The solar panel provides power to the automatic water and fertilizer management device of the present invention.

[0038] In this invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fertilization system includes a fertilizer pipe 5, a fertilizer storage tank 7, and a fertilizer smart switch 11. The fertilizer storage tank 7 is connected to the fertilizer pipe 5, and the fertilizer smart switch 11 is installed on the fertilizer pipe 5. The sensor system monitors soil nutrient content data and feeds it back to the central control system via a wireless signal transmitter 3. The central control system controls the opening and closing of the fertilizer smart switch 11 via the wireless signal transmitter 3. During the pasture growing season, this invention monitors soil nutrient content data in real time and transmits it to the central control system for analysis. When the soil nutrient content falls below a preset threshold, the fertilizer smart switch 11 is activated via the wireless signal transmitter 3 to apply topdressing fertilizer.

[0039] This invention monitors the growth of legume and grass forage using a camera, obtains the coverage ratio of legume and grass forage using a needle-punching method, and applies different types of fertilizers in a targeted manner based on the coverage ratio of legume and grass forage.

[0040] In this invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the irrigation system includes micro-sprinklers 4, a water storage tank 6, and a micro-sprinkler smart switch 10. The water storage tank 6 is connected to the micro-sprinklers 4, and the micro-sprinkler smart switch 10 is installed on the micro-sprinklers 4. The sensor system monitors soil moisture content data and feeds it back to the central control system via a wireless signal transmitter 3. The central control system controls the opening and closing of the micro-sprinkler smart switch 10 via the wireless signal transmitter 3. This invention collects soil moisture content data in real time after pasture sowing and transmits it to the central control system for analysis. When the soil moisture content deviates from the optimal range, the micro-sprinkler smart switch 10 is activated via the wireless signal transmitter 3 to initiate irrigation.

[0041] The central controller in this invention is responsible for receiving and processing data and issuing control commands. The data from the central controller can be monitored in real time via a client, and the central controller can be remotely controlled via the client after analyzing the monitored data.

[0042] In this invention, the sensor system includes a soil detection sensor system located within the 0-10cm soil layer of the pasture. In a specific embodiment, the soil detection sensor is the Zhaotaisheng ZTS-3002-TR-ECTHNPKPH-N01 seven-in-one soil analyzer. This analyzer can monitor soil moisture, soil temperature, soil EC value, soil pH value, and the content of available phosphorus, available potassium, and available nitrogen in the soil in real time.

[0043] In this invention, the water storage device 6 and the fertilizer storage device 7 are detachably connected to form an integrated structure.

[0044] This invention utilizes intelligent monitoring, precise fertilization and irrigation, and scientific management strategies to achieve efficient management and ecological restoration of degraded grazing grasslands. It not only increases forage yield and soil fertility but also promotes the healthy and stable development of the agricultural ecosystem, providing an innovative and feasible solution to the problem of grassland degradation.

[0045] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A method for improving the productivity of degraded pastureland includes the following steps:

[0048] During the grazing rest period, identify the grazing grasslands that need restoration, enclose them with electronic fences, and install an automatic water and fertilizer management device every 2 meters on the grazing grasslands that need restoration.

[0049] For no-till sowing of forage grasses on grazing grasslands: Oats are sown using an inverted T-shaped furrow opener at a rate of 8 kg / mu; arrowhead peas (3 kg / mu) and red clover (3 kg / mu) are mixed and then sown together with the oats using an inverted T-shaped furrow opener in a cross pattern. After sowing, 5 kg / mu of diammonium phosphate is applied.

[0050] The automatic water and fertilizer management system is equipped with a wireless sensor system. Irrigation is initiated when soil moisture content falls below 60% of field capacity, and stopped when soil moisture content exceeds 80% of field capacity. During the pasture growing season, topdressing is applied when the wireless sensor system detects soil nutrient content: available phosphorus below 10 mg / kg, available nitrogen below 15 mg / kg, and available potassium below 100 mg / kg. The coverage of leguminous pasture in the vegetation is 30%. When the coverage of legumes in the vegetation is >70%, apply 10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 9 kg / mu of urea (N>46%) + 5 kg / mu of P2O5. When the coverage of legumes in the vegetation is >70%, apply 10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 11.7 kg / mu of urea (N>46%) + 5 kg / mu of P2O5. When the coverage of legumes in the vegetation is <30%, apply 10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 9 kg / mu of urea (N>46%) + 6.5 kg / mu of P2O5.

[0051] Ninety days after fencing, the vegetation growth on the restored grazing grassland is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] A method for improving the productivity of degraded pastureland. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: when the coverage of leguminous forage in the vegetation is >70%, apply 10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 13.5 kg / mu of urea (N>46%) + 5 kg / mu of P2O5; when the coverage of leguminous forage in the vegetation is <30%, apply 10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 10 kg / mu of urea (N>46%) + 7.5 kg / mu of P2O5.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A method for improving the productivity of degraded pastureland, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: the grass forage is red fescue, and the legume forage is alfalfa and arrowhead pea.

[0056] Comparative Example 1

[0057] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that only an electronic fence was used to enclose the grazing grassland that needed to be repaired, without installing an automatic water and fertilizer management device or reseeding pasture.

[0058] Ninety days after fencing, the vegetation growth on the grazing grassland requiring restoration is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that when the coverage of leguminous forage grass in the vegetation is >70%, 10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 9 kg / mu of urea (N>46%) + 5 kg / mu of P2O5 are applied as top dressing.

[0061] Comparative Example 3

[0062] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that when the coverage of leguminous forage grass in the vegetation is <30%, 10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 9 kg / mu of urea (N>46%) + 5 kg / mu of P2O5 are applied as top dressing.

[0063] Comparative Example 4

[0064] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that urea was not applied during topdressing.

[0065] Comparative Example 5

[0066] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no organic fertilizer was applied during topdressing.

[0067] Comparative Example 6

[0068] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no additional fertilizer was applied.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] This embodiment compares the impact of different methods on the productivity of degraded pastureland.

[0071] The methods described in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were used to restore grazing grasslands:

[0072] The experiment was conducted on degraded grazing grasslands in Zhaosu County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, from May to August 2024.

[0073] The survey was conducted in mid-August during the peak plant growth period. The plant survey method involved randomly selecting three quadrats from each plot for population investigation, with each quadrat covering an area of ​​1 square meter. 2 The quadrat (1m × 1m) survey included plant species composition, canopy cover, height, and aboveground biomass. Canopy cover was estimated using the needle-punch method, and the natural height of each plant species in each quadrat was measured using a steel tape measure. Aboveground biomass was collected from each species at ground level within the quadrat, and each species was sorted, placed in an envelope, and then brought back to the laboratory to be dried to constant weight at 65℃ and weighed. Grassland plants were divided into three functional groups: grasses (Grass), legumes, and forbs.

[0074] The vegetation growth on the pasture restored by the method provided in Embodiment 1 of this invention is as follows: Figure 2As shown, the vegetation growth on the pasture restored using the method provided in Comparative Example 1 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, this invention effectively promotes the growth of forage grass and increases forage grass yield.

[0075] Table 1 shows the results of vegetation cover, height, density, and aboveground biomass measurements after different methods were used to restore grazing grasslands. Figures 4-5 As shown.

[0076] Table 1. Effects of different methods on restoring pastureland

[0077]

[0078] Note: Data with no letter or the same letter above the data indicate that the difference is not significant. P >0.05), different letters indicate significant differences ( P <0.05)

[0079] After different methods were used to restore grazing grasslands, the aboveground biomass was as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the vegetation cover of the community is as follows: Figure 5 As shown. In Example 1 of this invention, the aboveground biomass reached its highest level, 13040 kg / ha, which was 10134 kg / ha higher than that of Control Example 1; [The remaining text appears to be incomplete and requires further context.] Figure 5 It can be seen that the coverage of the treatment in Example 1 was 100%, which was 15% higher than that of the control group 1. The coverage of the treatment in Example 2 was 10% higher than that of the control group 1, and the coverage of the treatment in Example 3 was 13% higher than that of the control group 1. The method provided by the present invention strictly controls the timing, amount and field water holding capacity of fertilization for pasture on grassland, which can promote the absorption of nutrients by grassland forage, thereby improving grassland productivity and forage yield.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the productivity of degraded grazing grassland, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Enclose the pastureland that needs restoration with fences and install an automatic water and fertilizer management device every 2 meters; carry out no-till reseeding of pasture: sow gramineous pastures in furrows, and then mix two kinds of leguminous pastures evenly and sow them in a cross-shaped pattern with the gramineous pastures. The automatic water and fertilizer management device is equipped with a wireless sensor system to monitor soil moisture content, soil nutrient content and vegetation growth status, and to carry out precise irrigation and precise fertilization based on the monitoring data. The wireless sensor system irrigates when the soil moisture content is below 60% of the field capacity; irrigation is stopped when the soil moisture content is above 80% of the field capacity. When the wireless sensor system monitors the soil nutrient content, topdressing is applied when available phosphorus is below 10 mg / kg, available nitrogen is below 15 mg / kg, and available potassium is below 100 mg / kg. The topdressing is as follows: when the coverage of leguminous forage grass in the vegetation is 30%~70%, apply 8~10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 8~10 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer + 5 kg / mu of P2O5. When the coverage of legume forage grasses in the vegetation is greater than 70%, apply 8-10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 10.4-15 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer + 5 kg / mu of P2O5 as top dressing; When the coverage of leguminous forage grasses in the vegetation is less than 30%, apply 8-10 kg / mu of organic fertilizer + 8-10 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer + 6.5-7.5 kg / mu of P2O5 as top dressing. The grass forage is oats; the legume forage is pea shoots and red clover.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing rate of the grass forage is 7-9 kg / mu, and the sowing rate of the two leguminous forages is 2-4 kg / mu.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic water and fertilizer management device includes a solar panel (1), a camera (2), a wireless signal device (3), a fertilization system, an irrigation system, and a wireless sensor system; The fertilization system includes a fertilizer pipe (5), a fertilizer storage device (7), and a fertilizer smart switch (11). The fertilizer storage device (7) is connected to the fertilizer pipe (5), and the fertilizer smart switch (11) is installed on the fertilizer pipe (5). The data of soil nutrient content monitored by the sensor system is fed back to the central control system through a wireless signal device (3). The central control system controls the opening and closing of the fertilizer smart switch (11) through the wireless signal device (3). The irrigation system includes a micro-sprinkler (4), a water storage tank (6), and a micro-sprinkler smart switch (10). The water storage tank (6) is connected to the micro-sprinkler (4), and the micro-sprinkler smart switch (10) is installed on the micro-sprinkler (4). The data on soil moisture content monitored by the sensor system is fed back to the central control system through a wireless signal device (3). The central control system controls the opening and closing of the micro-sprinkler smart switch (10) through the wireless signal device (3).

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wireless sensor system includes a soil detection sensor system, which is located within the 0-10cm soil layer of the grazing grassland.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water storage unit (6) and fertilizer storage unit (7) are detachably connected to form an integrated structure.

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