Mixing method of sprouted Chinese fir forest and broad-leaved tree

Abstract

The invention provides a method for mixing germinated Chinese fir forests and broad-leaved trees, and belongs to the technical field of forest management. The invention provides a method for mixing sprouted cedarwood forests and broad-leaved trees, which comprises the following steps: selecting local suitable evergreen broad-leaved trees for complementary planting according to the principle of suitable trees and mutualism of organisms to form mixed forests, improving forest stand structures, restoring biodiversity, promoting and improving ecological system structures and function restoration, promoting sustainable management of forests, and improving the survival rate of the forests. The method has scientificity, operability and demonstratability, and obtains economic benefits which can be accepted by forests and farmers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of forest management, and in particular relates to a mixed planting method of budding fir forests and broad-leaved trees. Background Art

[0002] Chinese fir is also known as fragrant fir, fir, and thorny fir. It belongs to the Pinaceae family, and is a tree of the genus Cunninghamia lanceolata. It is not only a traditional Chinese medicinal material, but also a precious wood with a wide range of applications.

[0003] Long-term forestry production practice has shown that due to the biological characteristics of Chinese fir and the influence of traditional cultivation methods, continuous planting of Chinese fir pure forests has caused many problems such as soil fertility decline and forest environment deterioration, which has reduced the quality of the forest and affected the sustainable management of Chinese fir plantations. In addition, the existing forest density is too large, the forest structure is single, the biodiversity is low, and the landscape effect is poor. It is urgent to adopt a scientific management model to improve the forest landscape of the demonstration area, optimize the quality of the timber forest, and achieve sustainable management. Therefore, how to change the management method of traditional Chinese fir pure forests, improve the quality of Chinese fir plantations, and achieve sustainable management of Chinese fir plantations has become a technical problem that forestry workers today urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a mixed planting method of budding fir forest and broad-leaved trees, which improves forest structure, restores biodiversity, promotes and improves the restoration of ecosystem structure and function, and promotes sustainable forest management according to the principle of suitable trees for suitable places and biological mutualism.

[0005] The present invention provides a mixed planting method of a budding fir forest and broad-leaved trees, comprising the following steps: thinning out interfering trees and / or other trees in the budding fir forest, replanting broad-leaved trees in the open space in the forest, and harvesting the fir trees after 15 to 20 years;

[0006] The interfering trees are trees that have a direct adverse effect on the growth of target trees, or significantly affect the sanitary conditions of the forest stand and need to be felled in the near future; the other trees are trees in the forest stand other than target trees, auxiliary trees, and interfering trees, among which the target trees are trees with good trunk quality, at least no root damage, and stronger vitality than the surrounding adjacent trees; the auxiliary trees are trees that are beneficial to improving the biodiversity of the forest, protecting rare and endangered species, improving the spatial structure of the forest, and protecting and improving the soil.

[0007] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a mixed planting method for budding fir forests and broad-leaved trees based on the growth characteristics of fir, that is, fir grows fast in the early stage of budding, degenerates quickly in the later stage, and is difficult to sustain. According to the principle of suitable trees for suitable places and biological mutualism, local evergreen tree species and precious tree species suitable for local growth are selected for replanting to form mixed forests, improve forest structure, and restore biodiversity. After 15 to 20 years, fir will be harvested, and broad-leaved trees will have grown in scale, which will promote and improve the restoration of ecosystem structure and function and promote sustainable forest management. The mixed planting method of the present invention combines the short-term benefits of fir forests with the long-term benefits of broad-leaved trees. The implementation plan is scientific, operable and demonstrable, and the economic benefits obtained are acceptable to forest farmers and the demonstration can be realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 The current status of the demonstration forest of Chinese fir plantation in Xikou Village, where A is the Chinese fir control plot and B is the mixed forest plot of Chinese fir and evergreen broad-leaved trees;

[0009] Figure 2 Design drawings for mixed forest model operation of Chinese fir and evergreen broad-leaved trees;

[0010] Figure 3 It is the sum of carbon storage under different management modes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The invention provides a mixed planting method of budding fir forest and broad-leaved trees, comprising the following steps: thinning interfering trees and / or other trees in the budding fir forest, replanting broad-leaved trees in the open space in the forest, and harvesting the fir trees after 15 to 20 years.

[0012] The concepts of target number, auxiliary trees, interfering trees and other trees referred to in the present invention are derived from the "Forest Tending Regulations" (GB / T15781-2015), which defines target trees as trees with good trunk quality, no (or at least no root) damage, and stronger vitality than surrounding adjacent trees; auxiliary trees are trees that are beneficial to improving forest biodiversity, protecting rare and endangered species, improving forest spatial structure, protecting and improving soil, etc.; interfering trees are trees that have a direct adverse effect on the growth of target trees, or significantly affect the sanitary conditions of the forest stand and need to be felled in the near future; trees in the forest stand other than target trees, auxiliary trees and interfering trees are other trees.

[0013] When thinning is performed in the budding fir forest of the present invention, the order of felling trees can be: interfering trees are cut first, followed by other trees, and auxiliary trees are not cut as much as possible; and among the trees that need to be cut, all interfering trees are cut; when other trees or auxiliary trees need to be cut, trees with weak growth, close to death or dead are cut first; followed by trees with slender trunks, narrow and skewed crowns, crowns below the average height of the canopy layer, and insufficient light and nutrition requirements; if necessary, trees with medium diameter and tree height, whose crowns constitute the main body of the canopy but are squeezed to a certain extent on the side can be cut. The order of retaining tree species in the budding fir forest of the present invention can be: target trees are retained first, followed by auxiliary trees and other trees.

[0014] The fir described in the present invention has a large number of latent buds in the rhizosphere. When the planting is too shallow, the rhizosphere is exposed, the terminal bud is injured or the stem is tilted, it is easy to cause internal physiological changes, destroy the apical dominance, and thus sprout a lot of tillers, resulting in multiple trunks for one tree, dispersing nutrients and water, and seriously affecting the growth of the fir. Therefore, in the present invention, it is also necessary to remove the sprouts from the fir once a year, and the removal of sprouts is carried out according to the requirements of removing early, removing small and removing completely. For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, in order to prevent the latent buds from sprouting and growing, thick soil is used to build the stump, so that the rhizosphere is shaded, the sprouting of buds is inhibited, and the water and fertilizer conditions near the stump are improved; the crooked saplings are promptly straightened to maintain their apical dominance, and attention is paid to protecting the saplings from damaging the terminal buds and bark, especially not hitting the live branches.

[0015] In the growth process of the fir, the present invention also needs to remove the shrubs, grass and vines that hinder the growth of the young trees every year. For example, in most areas of the south, the shrubs and grasses are cut once in July and October of the Gregorian calendar every year, for a total of two times, and chemical herbicides are prohibited during the shrubs and grasses. The present invention can also remove sprouts once when cutting shrubs and grasses in July every year.

[0016] The present invention carries out thinning and broad-leaved tree replanting in the forest, removes over-dense and poorly growing trees, further adjusts the tree species composition and forest stand density, and maintains the density of the mixed fir and broad-leaved trees at 80-120 trees per mu after thinning, wherein the density of the fir in the large-diameter fir timber cultivation zone is maintained at 120 trees per mu, and the density of the broad-leaved trees is maintained at 40-60 trees per mu.

[0017] The present invention replants broad-leaved tree species in forest clearings, wherein the broad-leaved tree species are evergreen tree species and precious tree species suitable for local growth. For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, a total of five broad-leaved tree seedlings, namely, purple macula, Zhejiang camphor, Zhejiang macula, camphor tree and liquidambar, are replanted in the forest clearings, and each seedling is a 2-3 year-old container seedling.

[0018] When the present invention is replanting the broad-leaved tree seedlings, it is necessary to prepare the land and dig planting holes. The size of the planting holes is generally 60cm×60cm and 45cm deep. Block land preparation, 1m wide vertical grass strip cleaning, and timely backfilling after digging the holes. When digging holes, the topsoil and subsoil should be separated, 1.5kg of compound fertilizer should be applied to each hole, mixed thoroughly with the topsoil, and backfilled to one-half, and then backfilled with an appropriate amount of subsoil. The broad-leaved tree seedlings described in the present invention can be planted in February and March of the Gregorian calendar each year. Degradable containers such as clay nutrient cups, paper nutrient cups or peat cups can be planted together with the seedlings; non-degradable containers such as hard polystyrene nutrient cups, polystyrene nutrient cups, etc., need to be removed before planting. When cultivating, dig a small hole with a depth and width of 20 cm in the center of the backfilled planting hole, place the roots of the seedlings in the hole, take a small amount of topsoil and backfill, gently lift the seedlings to allow the roots to fully stretch, then straighten them and step on them firmly, water them through the roots, and water them once every 3 to 5 days after planting depending on the soil moisture conditions.

[0019] The replanting and mixed planting strategies described in the present invention may include three types, such as block replanting and small block mixed planting; group replanting and group mixed planting; and scattered replanting and scattered mixed planting. Among them, small block mixed planting refers to a mixed planting method in which different tree species are arranged alternately with a few to dozens of different species, and the area of ​​a single species generally does not exceed 50m 2 For larger areas of open space in the forest, small-scale replanting is carried out to form small-scale mixed planting.

[0020] In the present invention, clustered mixed planting is also called block mixed planting, which is a mixed planting method in which one tree species is planted in regular or irregular blocks and another tree species is planted in blocks alternately. In plains or gently sloping hills with small terrain undulations, regular blocks can be used, while in mountains with large terrain undulations, irregular blocks can be used according to the natural changes of the terrain. In principle, the block area should not be less than the average nutritional area occupied by each tree when the tree reaches maturity, which can generally be 25 to 50 m 2 . Block mixed planting can effectively utilize the favorable relationships within and between tree species, and is suitable for mixed planting of tree species with large conflicts or the transformation of low-value forest stands. The present invention can utilize forest windows or open forest windows, and replant 3 to 5 trees in groups to form a massed mixed planting. The forest windows (gaps) referred to in the present invention, also known as forest gaps or canopy gaps, mainly refer to the death of old trees in the forest community or the death of dominant tree species in the mature stage due to accidental factors (such as drought, typhoons, fires, etc.), thereby causing gaps in the canopy layer.

[0021] In the present invention, regular or irregular planting is performed in the empty spaces to form scattered interplanting or star-shaped interplanting.

[0022] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a mixed interplanting method of sprouted fir forest and broad-leaved trees provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] against Figure 1 The fir plantation demonstration forest in Xikou Village shown in A in the middle is transformed into a mixed fir forest-broadleaf forest. The transformation model is as follows Figure 2 As shown:

[0025] (1) Adjust the forest stand structure and promote growth through thinning and replanting. Keep 80 dominant Chinese fir trees per mu as target trees, remove interfering trees, and replant broad-leaved tree species such as Phoebe maculatum (plant height 80 cm, 2-year-old container seedlings), Cinnamomum camphora (plant height 120 cm, 3-year-old container seedlings), Phoebe chinensis (plant height 80 cm, 3-year-old container seedlings), Phoebe chinensis (plant height 120 cm, 3-year-old container seedlings), and Liquidambar formosana (plant height 120 cm, 3-year-old container seedlings) in small blocks or spots in the forest. The replanting density of a single tree species is 8 trees per mu, totaling 40 trees per mu.

[0026] (2) In addition to choosing the right trees for the right place, the selection of tree species for replanting must take into account ecological and economic principles from the perspective of forest management objectives. From an ecological perspective, replanting tree species should be conducive to increasing biodiversity, improving soil conditions and soil fertility, increasing ecosystem stability, and increasing naturalness; from an economic perspective, replanting tree species should have good economic value. Based on the actual situation of the project area, the main characteristics of the selected replanting tree species are shown in Table 1.

[0027] Table 1 Main characteristics of tree species replanted in the demonstration forest of Chinese fir plantation in Xikou Village

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] During the growth of Chinese fir, interfering trees are cut down and 80 dominant Chinese fir trees are retained as target trees per acre. Broad-leaved tree species such as purple nanmu, Zhejiang camphor, Zhejiang nanmu, camphor tree, and liquidambar are planted in small blocks or points in the forest. The planting density of a single tree species is 8 trees per acre, totaling 40 trees per acre.

[0031] Table 2 Carbon storage unit of Chinese fir in soil layer (t / hm 2 )

[0032]

[0033] The soil carbon storage in different patterns was as follows: Chinese fir-evergreen broad-leaved > Chinese fir-deciduous broad-leaved > Chinese fir control, which showed that the mixed planting of Chinese fir and broad-leaved tree species significantly improved soil fertility and carbon storage (Table 2).

[0034] The total carbon storage of different management modes is as follows: Chinese fir-evergreen broadleaf ( Figure 1Middle B) > Chinese fir-deciduous broadleaf > Chinese fir control. This shows that the improvement of soil carbon storage can significantly improve the carbon storage capacity of the ecosystem ( Figure 3 ), and at the same time, mixed planting of Chinese fir and broad-leaved trees can increase the overall carbon storage in the Chinese fir plots.

[0035] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mixed planting method of budding fir forest and broad-leaved trees, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Thinning out interfering trees and / or other trees in the budding fir forest, replanting broad-leaved trees in the open space in the forest, and harvesting the fir after 15 to 20 years; The interfering trees are trees that have a direct adverse effect on the growth of target trees, or significantly affect the sanitary conditions of the forest stand and need to be felled in the near future; the other trees are trees in the forest stand other than target trees, auxiliary trees, and interfering trees, among which the target trees are trees with good trunk quality, at least no root damage, and stronger vitality than the surrounding adjacent trees; the auxiliary trees are trees that are beneficial to improving the biodiversity of the forest, protecting rare and endangered species, improving the spatial structure of the forest, and protecting and improving the soil.

2. The hybrid method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the thinning, the density of Chinese fir trees is maintained at 80 to 120 trees per mu, and the density of broad-leaved trees is maintained at 40 to 60 trees per mu.

3. The hybrid method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The order of thinning is interfering trees, other trees and auxiliary trees, among which all interfering trees are cut down. When other trees or auxiliary trees are cut down, the trees with weak growth, close to death or dead are cut down first; the trees with slender trunks, narrow and skewed crowns, crowns below the average height of the canopy layer, and insufficient light and nutrition requirements are cut down next; finally, when necessary, the trees with medium diameter and height, whose crowns constitute the main body of the canopy but are squeezed to a certain extent on the sides are cut down.

4. The hybrid method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The growth process of the fir trees in the sprouting fir forest also includes removing sprouts and cutting brush and grass.

5. The hybrid method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mowing and shrub cutting is carried out twice a year, respectively in July and October of the Gregorian calendar, and the sprout removal is carried out once when mowing and shrub cutting in July every year.

6. The hybrid method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The sprout removal includes shading the root zone of the fir and improving the water and fertilizer conditions near the tree stump.

7. The hybrid method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The broad-leaved tree species include at least one of the following: Phoebe macranthoides, Cinnamomum camphora, Phoebe macranthoides, Phoebe zhennan and Liquidambar formosana.

8. The hybrid method according to claim 7, characterized in that: When replanting the broad-leaved tree species, a small block or point replanting method is adopted.

9. The hybrid method according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: When replanting the broad-leaved tree species, the replanting density of each broad-leaved tree species is 8 to 12 trees per mu.

10. The hybrid method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The replanting is carried out in February to March of the Gregorian calendar every year, and the broad-leaved tree species used for replanting are 2-3 year-old container seedlings.

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