Adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function and working method

Abstract

This invention discloses an adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function and its operating method, relating to the field of internal combustion engine exhaust gas treatment and purification. It includes a ball valve, a ball valve seat, a flow divider, an orifice plate, a housing, and a sliding sleeve. It can simultaneously control gas and liquid flow and achieve self-cleaning by purging residual urea solution from the nozzle flow channel after injection. This invention controls the connection state between the ball head air orifice and the valve seat air inlet by controlling the relative displacement between the ball valve and the ball valve seat. This achieves air-assisted atomization characteristics under conditions of small ball valve lift and low injection flow rate, and swirl spray characteristics under conditions of large ball valve lift and high injection flow rate, and enables adaptive switching between the two spray characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of internal combustion engine exhaust gas treatment and purification, and in particular to an adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] Swirl nozzles are used for fuel atomization in fuel injection systems of heat engines such as gas turbines, and exhibit excellent atomization and mixing performance in fields such as metal surface treatment, agricultural pesticide spraying, and gas cooling. In exhaust aftertreatment systems, swirl nozzles inject urea-water solutions into a selective catalytic reduction system. The ammonia in the solution rapidly evaporates and mixes quickly with the pollutant gases introduced into the system. In the catalytic reduction unit, the ammonia reacts with nitrogen oxides to generate nitrogen, ultimately eliminating nitrogen oxides from the pollutant gases.

[0003] Swirl sprays utilize the centrifugal force generated by the jet's own rotation to promote radial movement of the jet, forming a large-cone-angle hollow spray. While accelerating jet atomization and breakup, swirl sprays also facilitate thorough mixing and rapid evaporation of the spray droplets with air. In selective catalytic reduction systems, swirl atomizing nozzles exhibit significantly better atomization performance than traditional pressure-type straight-hole jet nozzles. However, the small ball valve lift and low swirling velocity at the initial and final stages of injection result in poor solution atomization. Furthermore, due to the complex internal swirling channel structure, urea solution residue and crystallization can occur after injection, leading to nozzle blockage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an adaptive air-assisted swirling nozzle with automatic cleaning function and its operating method. The device of this invention can automatically switch between high-speed jet rotation atomization and low-speed jet air-assisted atomization, and can automatically clean the residual solution in the swirling groove after the ball valve is seated, thus avoiding nozzle clogging.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0006] An adaptive air-assisted cyclone nozzle with automatic cleaning function includes a ball valve, a ball valve seat, a flow divider plate, an orifice plate, a housing, and a sliding sleeve. One end of the ball valve is disposed inside the sliding sleeve, and the other end cooperates with the input end of the ball valve seat. The ball valve is capable of coaxial translation relative to the ball valve seat. The output end of the ball valve seat cooperates with the flow divider plate, which is positioned and supported by the orifice plate, and the orifice plate cooperates with the ball valve seat. The housing is disposed outside the ball valve and the ball valve seat. Gas, gas-liquid mixture, or liquid enters the ball valve seat through the ball valve, reaches the flow divider plate, and is then ejected through the orifice plate.

[0007] In the above scheme, the ball valve includes an end face cylinder, a connecting cylinder, and a ball head; a ball head plane is formed on the ball head, and the ball head head is a valve head spherical surface. A ball head air hole is formed on one of the ball head planes, and the ball head air hole communicates with an air inlet. The air inlet is formed along the interior of the end face cylinder, the connecting cylinder, and the ball head; both the valve head spherical surface and the ball head plane are fitted with the ball valve seat.

[0008] In the above scheme, the ball-shaped air inlet and the air inlet form an L-shaped structure.

[0009] In the above scheme, the inner side of the ball valve seat is provided with a ball head blind hole, a valve seat central hole and a stepped blind hole in sequence. The ball head blind hole is connected to the inlet end of the valve seat air inlet hole, and the outlet end of the valve seat air inlet hole is connected to the valve seat air outlet hole. Both the valve seat air inlet hole and the valve seat air outlet hole are opened inside the valve seat, and the valve seat air outlet hole is connected to the stepped blind hole.

[0010] In the above scheme, the inner wall of one side of the ball head blind hole is the blind hole side plane, and the bottom of the blind hole side plane is the blind hole concave spherical surface. The blind hole side plane has the valve seat air inlet end. The blind hole side plane matches the ball head plane in the ball valve, and the axis of the ball head air inlet on the ball head plane is located in the plane formed by the valve seat air inlet axis and the valve seat axis.

[0011] In the above scheme, the lower end face of the valve seat bore and the upper end face of the stepped blind hole coincide to form the bottom plane of the blind hole; the bottom plane of the blind hole cooperates with the flow divider plate.

[0012] In the above scheme, the valve seat air inlet and valve seat air outlet form an L-shaped structure.

[0013] In the above scheme, the flow divider plate is a disc-shaped structure, and the upper surface of the flow divider plate is an annular plane. The flow divider plate is provided with a curved groove and an annular groove. The inlet end of the curved groove is provided with a flow divider hole, and the outlet end is provided with a central blind hole. There are several flow divider holes, which are evenly distributed on the annular groove. There is a boss in the annular groove, and a convex hemisphere is provided on the boss. The convex hemisphere cooperates with the valve seat hole in the ball valve seat.

[0014] In the above scheme, the inner side of the orifice plate is provided with a communicating inverted conical hole and a jet hole, and the two end faces of the orifice plate are the small end plane and the large end plane of the orifice plate, respectively; the side wall of the orifice plate is the outer circle of the orifice plate, wherein the outer circle of the orifice plate mates with the stepped blind hole on the valve seat, and the small end plane of the orifice plate mates with the bottom plane of the blind hole on the valve seat, the inlet end of the jet hole is close to the small end plane of the orifice plate, and the jet hole communicates with the central blind hole in the flow divider plate.

[0015] The operating methods of the adaptive air-assisted cyclone nozzle with automatic cleaning function include ball valve closed condition, ball valve small lift condition and ball valve large lift condition;

[0016] Ball valve closed operation:

[0017] The spherical surface of the valve head and the concave spherical surface of the blind hole of the valve seat are completely fitted to achieve a seal. The vent hole of the spherical head is connected to the inlet hole of the valve seat. The external air supply unit introduces gas through the inlet hole, which enters the annular groove through the L-shaped channel formed by the inlet hole and the outlet hole of the valve seat. It then enters the curved groove through the diversion hole. The tapered structure of the curved groove promotes the accelerated flow of fluid and purges the residual urea solution in the curved groove. Finally, the gas is gathered through the central blind hole and flows out from the jet hole.

[0018] Ball valve small lift operation:

[0019] The ball valve is far from the ball seat, and there is a slight slippage between the ball head plane and the blind hole side plane. The ball head air hole and the valve seat air inlet are partially connected, and the gas can still enter the annular groove through the L-shaped flow channel inside the valve seat. At this time, since the ball surface of the valve head and the valve seat are no longer in contact, a gap is generated between them. The external solution supply unit presses the aqueous solution into the gap formed between the ball valve, the shell and the valve seat, and further flows into the valve seat central hole. After passing through the convex hemisphere, the aqueous solution is diverted to the surrounding area. It flows into the annular groove and the diversion hole together with the gas to form a gas-liquid mixture. The gas-liquid mixture is accelerated through the curved groove and then flows into the central blind hole. Finally, it is sprayed outward with the connected jet hole. Because the gap between the ball valve and the ball seat is small, it has a pressure reduction effect on the aqueous solution. The liquid pressure is lower than the gas pressure and will not enter the L-shaped flow channel of the valve seat. The low-pressure aqueous solution is accelerated by the high-pressure gas and finally sprays out of the orifice plate jet hole at high speed, forming a gas-assisted atomized spray and producing finer spray droplets.

[0020] Large lift condition of ball valve:

[0021] As the ball valve moves further away from the ball seat, there is a significant slippage between the ball head plane and the blind hole side plane of the valve seat. The ball head vent and the valve seat inlet are no longer connected, and there is no more gas flow in the valve seat inlet. At this time, there is a large gap between the ball surface of the valve head and the valve seat, and the pressure reduction effect of the gap on the aqueous solution is weakened. The high-pressure aqueous solution is forced into the annular groove and the diversion hole through the valve seat center hole, and after being accelerated by the curved groove, it generates centrifugal acceleration. After flowing into the central blind hole, it generates high-speed rotational motion, and finally generates a strong rotating jet spray outward through the jet hole. Under the action of centrifugal force, it generates an angled spray cone angle and a small spray particle size.

[0022] Beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The device of the present invention realizes the automatic switching between high-speed jet rotation atomization and low-speed jet gas-assisted atomization; it also realizes the automatic cleaning function of residual solution in the swirl tank after the ball valve is seated, thus avoiding nozzle clogging.

[0024] 2. The adaptive air column atomizing swirl nozzle provided by this invention has a simple flow divider structure and offers beneficial effects such as low-flow air column atomization and ball valve seating for purging residual solution. Under specific operating conditions, it can produce a liquid spray with finer droplet size and controllable atomization angle.

[0025] 3. The present invention has air-assisted atomization characteristics under the condition of small ball valve lift and low injection flow rate, and swirling spray characteristics under the condition of large ball valve lift and high injection flow rate. The above two spray characteristics can be adaptively switched according to the ball valve lift.

[0026] 4. The present invention limits the spray cone angle by means of a tapered hole provided on the outside of the orifice plate. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of an adaptive air-assisted cyclone nozzle with automatic cleaning function involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The ball valve and its cross-section diagram involved in the process;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The cross-sectional view of the ball valve seat involved in the process;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The longitudinal section of the manifold involved in the process;

[0032] Figure 6 for Figure 1 The swirling groove at the bottom of the manifold involved in the process;

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 1 The perforated plate cross-section diagram involved in the process;

[0034] Figure 8 for Figure 1 The assembly diagram of the ball valve seat, flow divider, orifice plate and housing involved in the process;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the coaxial translation of the ball valve relative to the ball valve seat.

[0036] Figure label:

[0037] 1-Ball valve; 101-End face cylinder; 102-Connecting cylinder; 103-Ball head; 104-Valve head spherical surface; 105-Inlet port; 106-Ball head vent; 107-Ball head plane; 2-Ball valve seat; 201-Valve seat inlet port; 202-Ball head blind hole; 203-Stepped blind hole; 204-Valve seat central hole; 205-Blind hole side plane; 206-Blind hole bottom plane; 207-Valve seat outlet port; 208- 3-Blind hole concave spherical surface; 3-Diverter plate; 301-Annular plane; 302-Groove plane; 303-Annular groove; 304-Boss; 305-Diverter hole; 306-Convex hemisphere; 307-Bent groove; 308-Central blind hole; 4-Orifice plate; 401-Small end plane of orifice plate; 402-Large end plane of orifice plate; 403-Outer circle of orifice plate; 404-Jet hole; 405-Inverted conical hole; 5-Shell; 6-Sliding sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. In this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "joined," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] An adaptive air-assisted cyclone nozzle with automatic cleaning function includes a ball valve 1, a ball valve seat 2, a flow divider 3, an orifice plate 4, a housing 5, and a sliding sleeve 6. It can simultaneously control gas and liquid flow, and features residual solution purging and low-speed jet air-assisted atomization characteristics.

[0041] The ball valve 1 is a composite structure, consisting of an end-face cylinder 101 at one end, a connecting cylinder 102 in the middle (the former having a larger diameter than the latter), and a ball head 103 at the other end. The ball head 103 is connected to the connecting cylinder 102, with the valve head spherical surface 104 facing away from the connecting surface. When the ball valve is seated, the valve head spherical surface 104 fits against the ball valve seat 2 to achieve a surface seal. The end-face cylinder 101 has an air inlet 105 inside, which passes through the connecting cylinder 102 and communicates with the ball head air inlet 106. The ball head 103 is a spherical composite with four circular planes, which are not directly connected. The ball head plane 107 transitions with the other three planes via spherical surfaces. The four planes are symmetrical about the axis of the ball valve 1. The ball head plane 107 has a ball head air inlet 106 that communicates with the internal air inlet 105 of the ball valve, forming an L-shaped channel. During the movement of the ball valve 1, the ball head plane 107 remains in contact with the ball valve seat 2. When ball valve 1 is seated, the ball head air hole 106 communicates with the valve seat air inlet hole 201.

[0042] The ball valve seat 2 is a hollow cylinder with a ball head blind hole 202 at one end and a stepped blind hole 203 at the other end, which are connected by the valve seat central hole 204. The side of the ball valve seat 2 is connected to the outer shell 5. The ball head blind hole 202 is a cylindrical blind hole with a concave hemispherical bottom, and the radius of the concave spherical surface 208 of the blind hole is the same as the radius of the ball head 103. The side wall of the ball head blind hole 202 has a blind hole side plane 205. The blind hole side plane 205 is a rectangular plane, and its normal is perpendicular to the central axis of the ball valve seat 2. A valve seat air inlet 201 is provided on the plane. When the ball valve moves, the blind hole side plane 205 fits against the ball valve 1. When the ball valve 1 is seated, the valve seat air inlet 201 is connected to the ball head air hole 106, and the former has a larger diameter than the latter. The stepped hole blind hole 203 is a flat-bottomed blind hole, and the diameter of the end face circular hole is larger than the diameter of the bottom blind hole. The bottom plane of the blind hole is 206. The bottom plane 206 of the blind hole is provided with a valve seat central hole 204 and a valve seat air outlet 207, and the latter is connected to the valve seat air inlet 201 to form an L-shaped channel. The bottom plane 206 of the blind hole is in contact with the flow divider plate 3.

[0043] The flow divider 3 is a grooved disc-shaped cylinder with a diameter equal to the diameter of the bottom circular hole of the stepped blind hole 203. The flow divider 3 has an annular plane 301 and a grooved plane 302 at its two ends, which are connected to the ball valve seat 2 and the orifice plate 4, respectively. The annular plane 301 is a circular plane with an annular groove 303 and a cylindrical boss 304 in the center, the height of which is lower than the annular plane 301. The annular plane 301 fits into the bottom plane 206 of the blind hole at one end of the ball valve seat 2. Multiple flow dividers 305 are provided within the annular groove 303, symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the flow divider 3. A convex hemisphere 306 is located at the center of the cylindrical boss 304, serving to disperse the fluid around its perimeter. The grooved plane 302 has an area parallel to the annular plane 301, with multiple evenly distributed curved grooves 307, and a central blind hole 308 at its center. The grooved plane 302 fits into the orifice plate 4, and after assembly, the curved groove 307 forms a flow channel. The curved groove 307 is a semi-annular groove, with its two ends connected to the diversion hole 305 and the central blind hole 308, respectively. The width of the groove gradually increases, and the width is the largest at the connection with the diversion hole 305.

[0044] The orifice plate 4 is a hollow stepped cylinder with two end faces: a small-end plane 401 and a large-end plane 402. The outer diameter of the former is equal to that of the flow divider plate 3, and the outer diameter of the latter is equal to that of the large hole of the stepped hole in the ball valve seat 2. The small-end plane 401 of the orifice plate fits into the grooved plane 302 of the flow divider plate. The outer circle 403 of the orifice plate is threaded to the side of the stepped hole in the ball valve seat 2. The small-end plane 401 of the orifice plate is an annular plane with a jet hole 404 at its center. The small-end plane 401 of the orifice plate fits into the grooved plane 302 on the flow divider plate 3, and the jet hole 404 communicates with the central blind hole 308 on the flow divider plate 3. The large-end plane 402 of the orifice plate is an annular plane with an inverted conical hole 405 on its surface. The small end of the conical hole communicates with the jet hole 404. The inverted conical hole is the jet outlet, and the angle of the conical hole limits the spray cone angle.

[0045] The housing 5 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the ball valve seat 2. The housing 5 is connected to the sliding sleeve 6.

[0046] The sliding sleeve 6 is a hollow cylinder, the inner diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the end face cylinder 101 of the ball valve, and the outer diameter of which is equal to the inner diameter of the housing 5. The outer cylindrical surface of the sliding sleeve is connected to the housing 5.

[0047] By employing the above technical solution, the adaptive air column atomizing swirl nozzle provided by this invention has a simple flow divider structure and offers beneficial effects such as small-flow air column atomization and ball valve seating for purging residual solution. Under specific operating conditions, it can produce a liquid spray with finer droplet size and controllable atomization angle.

[0048] Combined with appendix Figures 1-9As shown, the ball valve 1 is located at the bottom dead center position. The assembly process is as follows: First, insert the ball valve seat 2 from the ball head direction, with the ball head plane 107 fitting against the blind hole side plane 205 of the valve seat, and the valve head spherical surface 104 fitting against the concave spherical surface 208 of the blind hole of the valve seat; Second, insert the housing 5 from the cylindrical end of the ball valve and screw the valve seat completely into the housing; Third, insert the end face cylinder 101 into the sliding sleeve and screw the sliding sleeve completely into the housing; Fourth, insert the flow divider plate 3 into the stepped hole of the ball valve seat 2; Fifth, screw the orifice plate 4 into the stepped hole of the ball valve to complete the sealing. At this time, the above-mentioned adjacent components can fit seamlessly together. Except for the ball valve 1, which can move along the axis, the other components do not move relative to the housing 5. The end face cylinder 101 can drive the ball valve to translate relative to the sliding seat 5 and the ball valve seat 2 along the axis.

[0049] In the specific implementation, the external air supply unit fills the nozzle with air, and the external high-pressure urea solution supply unit fills the nozzle with urea solution. Under the action of external driving force, the ball valve gradually rises from the closed state to the maximum lift, the urea nozzle injection speed increases from small to large, and after the injection is completed, the ball valve falls until it is completely in contact with the ball valve seat, and the urea injection volume gradually decreases to zero. According to the different ball valve lift, the following working conditions can be divided into: (1) ball valve closed working condition, (2) ball valve small lift working condition and (3) ball valve large lift working condition. The implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the above working conditions:

[0050] (1) Ball valve closed condition

[0051] The closing condition specifically includes two situations: before the ball valve is raised and after the ball valve is seated after the injection ends. The spherical surface 104 of the valve head is completely fitted with the concave spherical surface 208 of the blind hole to achieve a seal. The vent 106 of the ball head is connected to the air inlet 201 of the valve seat. The external air supply unit introduces air from the air inlet 105 of the ball valve, which enters the annular groove 303 through the L-shaped channel formed by the air inlet 201 and the air outlet 207 of the valve seat, and further enters the curved groove 307 through the diversion hole 305. The reduction structure of the curved flow channel promotes the accelerated flow of fluid and purges the residual urea solution in the flow channel. Finally, the gas is gathered through the central blind hole 308 and flows out from the jet hole 404.

[0052] (2) Ball valve small lift condition

[0053] The small-lift operating condition specifically includes two situations: the initial stage of ball valve opening and the final stage of ball valve seating. Ball valve 1 translates relative to ball valve seat 2 along the axis of ball valve 1, the ball valve plane 107 disengages from ball valve seat 2, and the ball head plane 107 and the blind hole side plane 205 of the valve seat undergo a slight translation along the ball valve axis. At this time, there is partial communication between the ball head vent 106 and the valve seat inlet vent 201, allowing gas to still enter the annular groove 303 through the L-shaped flow channel inside the ball valve seat 2.

[0054] Since the spherical surface 104 of the valve head and the ball valve seat 2 are no longer in contact, a gap is created between them. The external urea solution supply unit forces the urea solution into the gap formed between the ball valve 1, the housing 5, and the valve seat, and further flows into the central hole 204 of the valve seat. After passing through the convex hemisphere 306 of the diverter plate, the urea solution is diverted to the surrounding area and flows into the annular groove 303 and the diverter hole 305 together with the gas to form a gas-liquid mixture. After being accelerated by the curved groove 307, the gas-liquid mixture flows into the central blind hole 308 and finally is sprayed outward from the orifice plate jet hole 404 connected to it.

[0055] Because the gap between ball valve 1 and ball valve seat 2 is small, it has a pressure-reducing effect on the urea solution. The liquid pressure is lower than the gas pressure, so it will not enter the L-shaped flow channel of ball valve seat 2. Under the action of high-pressure gas, the low-pressure urea solution accelerates its flow and finally sprays out of the orifice plate jet at high speed, forming a gas-assisted atomized spray and producing finer spray droplets.

[0056] (3) Ball valve high lift condition

[0057] The ball valve 1 undergoes a significant translational movement relative to the ball valve seat 2 along the axis of the ball valve 1. There is a substantial slippage between the ball head plane 107 and the blind hole side plane 205, but they still remain in contact with each other. The ball head vent 106 is no longer connected to the valve seat vent 201, and there is no longer any gas flow inside the latter.

[0058] At this point, a large gap exists between the spherical valve head 104 and the ball valve seat 2, and the pressure reduction effect of this gap on the urea solution is weakened. The high-pressure urea solution is forced into the annular groove 303 and the diversion hole 305 through the central hole 204 of the valve seat. After being accelerated by the curved groove 307, it generates centrifugal acceleration and, upon converging into the central blind hole 308, generates high-speed rotational motion, ultimately producing a strong rotating jet spray outward through the jet hole 404. This spray, under the action of centrifugal force, produces an angled spray cone angle and a smaller spray particle size. This invention limits the spray cone angle through the conical holes provided on the outer side of the orifice plate.

[0059] In addition to its self-cleaning function of purging residual urea solution in the nozzle flow channel after spraying, this invention also features air-assisted atomization characteristics under the condition of small ball valve lift and low spray flow, and swirling spray characteristics under the condition of large ball valve lift and high spray flow. The above two spray characteristics are adaptively switched according to the relative displacement between ball valve 1 and ball valve seat 2 and the connection between the ball head air hole 106 and the valve seat air inlet 201 controlled by it.

[0060] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0061] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive air-assisted cyclone nozzle with automatic cleaning function, characterized in that, The system includes a ball valve (1), a ball valve seat (2), a flow divider (3), an orifice plate (4), a housing (5), and a sliding sleeve (6). One end of the ball valve (1) is located inside the sliding sleeve (6), and the other end is engaged with the input end of the ball valve seat (2). The ball valve (1) can be coaxially translated relative to the ball valve seat (2). The output end of the ball valve seat (2) is engaged with the flow divider (3). The flow divider (3) is positioned and supported by the orifice plate (4), and the orifice plate (4) is engaged with the ball valve seat (2). The housing (5) is located outside the ball valve (1) and the ball valve seat (2). Gas, gas-liquid mixture, or liquid enters the ball valve seat (2) through the ball valve (1), reaches the flow divider (3), and is ejected through the orifice plate (4). The ball valve (1) includes an end face cylinder (101), a connecting... A cylinder (102) and a ball head (103); a ball head plane (107) is provided on the ball head (103), and the head of the ball head (103) is a valve head spherical surface (104). A ball head air hole (106) is provided on one of the ball head planes (107), and the ball head air hole (106) communicates with the air inlet (105). The air inlet (105) is opened along the end face cylinder (101), connecting the cylinder (102) and the ball head (103); the valve head spherical surface (104) and the ball head plane (107) both cooperate with the ball valve seat (2); a ball head blind hole (202), a valve seat central hole (204) and a stepped blind hole (203) are sequentially provided on the inner side of the ball valve seat (2), wherein the ball head blind hole (202) communicates with the valve seat air inlet (105) 201) The inlet end is connected, and the outlet end of the valve seat air inlet (201) is connected to the valve seat air outlet (207). The valve seat air inlet (201) and the valve seat air outlet (207) are both opened in the ball valve seat (2), and the valve seat air outlet (207) is connected to the stepped blind hole (203). The inner wall of one side of the ball head blind hole (202) is the blind hole side plane (205), and below the blind hole side plane (205) is the blind hole concave spherical surface (208). The valve seat air inlet (201) inlet end is on the blind hole side plane (205). The blind hole side plane (205) is matched with the ball head plane (107) in the ball valve (1), and the axis of the ball head air hole (106) on the ball head plane (107) is located at the axis of the valve seat air inlet (201) and the axis of the ball valve seat (2). Within the formed plane; the diversion plate (3) is a disc-shaped structure, the upper plane of the diversion plate (3) is an annular plane (301), the lower end face of the valve seat hole (204) and the upper end face of the stepped blind hole (203) coincide to form the bottom plane of the blind hole (206); the bottom plane of the blind hole (206) cooperates with the diversion plate (3); the diversion plate (3) is provided with a curved groove (307) and an annular groove (303), wherein the inlet end of the curved groove (307) is provided with a diversion hole (305), and the outlet end is provided with a central blind hole (308), wherein there are several diversion holes (305), which are evenly distributed on the annular groove (303), and there is a boss (304) in the annular groove (303), and a convex hemisphere (306) is provided on the boss (304);The convex hemisphere (306) mates with the valve seat bore (204) in the ball valve seat (2).

2. The adaptive air-assisted cyclone nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ball-shaped air hole (106) and the air inlet (105) form an L-shaped structure.

3. The adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve seat inlet (201) and valve seat outlet (207) form an L-shaped structure.

4. The adaptive air-assisted swirl nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orifice plate (4) has a communicating inverted conical hole (405) and a jet hole (404) on its inner side. The two end faces of the orifice plate (4) are the small end plane (401) and the large end plane, respectively. The side wall of the orifice plate (4) is the outer circle (403), wherein the outer circle (403) of the orifice plate is matched with the stepped blind hole (203) on the ball valve seat (2), and the small end plane (401) of the orifice plate is matched with the bottom plane (206) of the blind hole on the ball valve seat (2). The inlet end of the jet hole (404) is close to the small end plane (401) of the orifice plate, and the jet hole (404) is connected to the central blind hole (308) in the flow divider plate.

5. The operating method of the adaptive air-assisted cyclone nozzle with automatic cleaning function according to claim 4, characterized in that, This includes ball valve closed operation, ball valve small lift operation, and ball valve large lift operation; Ball valve closed operation: The spherical surface (104) of the valve head is completely fitted with the concave spherical surface (208) of the blind hole to achieve a seal. The vent hole (106) of the spherical head is connected to the inlet hole (201) of the valve seat. The external air supply unit introduces gas from the inlet hole (105), which enters the annular groove (303) through the L-shaped channel formed by the inlet hole (201) and the outlet hole (207) of the valve seat, and further enters the curved groove (307) through the diversion hole (305). The tapered structure of the curved groove (307) promotes the accelerated flow of fluid and purges the residual urea solution in the curved groove (307). Finally, the gas flows out from the jet hole (404) after converging through the central blind hole (308). Ball valve small lift operation: The ball valve (1) is far from the ball valve seat (2). There is a small amount of slippage between the ball head plane (107) and the blind hole side plane (205). The ball head vent (106) and the valve seat inlet (201) are partially connected. Gas can still enter the annular groove (303) through the L-shaped flow channel inside the ball valve seat (2). At this time, since the ball surface (104) of the valve head and the ball valve seat (2) are no longer in contact, a gap is generated between them. The external solution supply unit presses the aqueous solution fluid into the gap formed between the ball valve (1), the housing (5) and the ball valve seat (2), and further flows into the valve seat central hole (204), and through the convex hemisphere (306) to the four directions. The surrounding aqueous solution flows into the annular groove (303) and the diversion hole (305) together with the gas to form a gas-liquid mixture. After the gas-liquid mixture is accelerated through the curved groove (307), it flows into the central blind hole (308) and finally sprays outward with the connected jet hole (404). Since the gap between the ball valve (1) and the ball valve seat (2) is small, it has a pressure reduction effect on the aqueous solution. The liquid pressure is lower than the gas pressure and will not enter the L-shaped flow channel of the ball valve seat (2). The low-pressure aqueous solution is accelerated under the action of high-pressure gas and finally sprays out of the orifice plate jet hole at high speed, forming a gas-assisted atomized spray and producing finer spray droplets. Large lift condition of ball valve: The ball valve (1) moves further away from the ball valve seat (2), and there is a large slippage between the ball head plane (107) and the blind hole side plane (205) of the valve seat. The ball head air hole (106) and the valve seat air inlet (201) are no longer connected, and there is no more gas flow in the valve seat air inlet (201). At this time, there is a large gap between the ball surface (104) of the valve head and the ball valve seat (2), and the pressure reduction effect of the gap on the aqueous solution is weakened. The high pressure aqueous solution is pressed into the annular groove (303) and the diversion hole (305) through the valve seat central hole (204), and after being accelerated by the curved groove (307), it generates centrifugal acceleration. After flowing into the central blind hole (308), it generates high-speed rotational motion, and finally generates a strong rotating jet spray outward through the jet hole (404). Under the action of centrifugal force, it generates an angled spray cone angle and a small spray particle size.

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