Reactor system and method for coupling small lead-cooled fast reactor and Stirling heat engine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactor engineering, in particular to a reactor system and method for coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine. The reactor system coupling the small lead-cooled fast reactor and the Stirling heat engine comprises a small lead-cooled fast reactor system, the small lead-cooled fast reactor system comprises a reactor body, lead heat transfer fluid and at least one heat exchanger, the lead heat transfer fluid flows through the reactor body to take out heat generated by the reactor body, and the heat is transferred to a heat exchange system through the heat exchanger; the heat exchange system comprises at least one working medium circulating system and a heat transfer working medium, the working medium circulating systems are correspondingly connected to the heat exchanger and connected to the free piston Stirling circulating system, and the heat transfer working medium receives the heat and then transfers the heat to the free piston Stirling circulating system; the free piston Stirling circulation system comprises a Stirling engine system which comprises a thermoelectric conversion system, and the thermoelectric conversion system is connected with the working medium circulation system and used for receiving heat transmitted by the working medium circulation system and converting the heat into electric energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of nuclear reactor engineering, and in particular to a reactor system and method for coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine. Background Art

[0002] Lead-cooled fast reactor refers to a fast neutron reactor that uses liquid lead or lead-bismuth alloy for cooling. As one of the six main types of fourth-generation reactors, lead-cooled fast reactors can well meet the safety, economy, sustainability and nuclear non-proliferation goals of fourth-generation reactors. Lead-cooled fast reactors use a closed fuel cycle, have good nuclear waste transmutation and nuclear fuel proliferation capabilities, as well as high safety and economy, and will have broad development space in the future. However, most lead-cooled fast reactor systems currently use forced circulation technology, which is complex and noisy.

[0003] The Stirling engine is an external combustion cycle closed piston engine, in which the internal working gas oscillates back and forth between the compression chamber and the expansion chamber and works on the piston to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy. The free piston Stirling engine is a structural form of the Stirling engine, which has the advantages of high efficiency, strong adaptability and low noise of the traditional Stirling engine. Summary of the invention The object of the present invention is to provide a reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that the reactor system has a complex structure, making it difficult to achieve miniaturization, and has high noise.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine, and the technical solution adopted is: A reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine, comprising: a small lead-cooled fast reactor system, a heat exchange system and a free piston Stirling cycle system; The small lead-cooled fast reactor system comprises a reactor body, a lead-based heat transfer fluid and at least one heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger is arranged at the upper part of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system, and the lead-based heat transfer fluid flows through the reactor body to take out the heat generated by the reactor body, and transfers the heat to the heat exchange system through the heat exchanger under the action of the natural circulation driving force; The heat exchange system is arranged above the small lead-cooled fast reactor system, and includes at least one working fluid circulation system and a heat transfer working fluid arranged in the working fluid circulation system. The working fluid circulation systems are respectively connected to the heat exchanger and the free piston Stirling circulation system. The heat transfer working fluid undergoes phase change after receiving heat in the heat exchanger, and transfers the heat to the free piston Stirling circulation system through the working fluid circulation system. The free piston Stirling cycle system is arranged above the heat exchange system, and includes a relatively arranged Stirling engine system. The Stirling engine system includes a thermoelectric conversion system, which is connected to the working fluid circulation system and is used to receive heat transferred through the working fluid circulation system and convert it into electrical energy. Furthermore, the working fluid circulation system includes a plurality of arranged heat pipes, each of which includes an evaporation section, an insulation section and a condensation section. The evaporation section is inserted into a heat exchanger, the condensation section is inserted into a Stirling engine system, and the insulation section is arranged between the evaporation section and the condensation section.

[0005] Furthermore, a plurality of coolant channels are provided in the heat exchanger, and the plurality of coolant channels are provided around the heat pipes. The lead heat transfer fluid flows in the coolant channels and acts on the plurality of heat pipes.

[0006] Furthermore, the plurality of coolant channels are evenly arranged around each heat pipe, so that the plurality of heat pipes are arranged at equal intervals.

[0007] Furthermore, a liquid wick is provided in the heat pipe, and the heat transfer medium refluxes under the action of the liquid wick.

[0008] Furthermore, the thermoelectric conversion system includes a cylinder, a piston reciprocating inside the cylinder, a regenerator and a cooler disposed outside the cylinder, an AC generator and an expansion chamber, the cylinder is provided with a running medium, and a cooling water circuit is provided outside the AC generator.

[0009] Furthermore, the lead-based heat transfer fluid is a lead-bismuth alloy heat transfer fluid.

[0010] Furthermore, the heat transfer medium is sodium.

[0011] Furthermore, the operating fluid is helium or air.

[0012] The present application also provides a working method of a reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine, based on the above-mentioned reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine, comprising the following steps: S1, a free piston Stirling cycle system is placed above a small lead-cooled fast reactor system, and the two are connected through a heat exchange system; S2, in a small lead-cooled fast reactor system, the lead heat transfer fluid flows through the reactor body to remove the heat generated by it, and transfers the heat to the heat exchange system through the heat exchanger; S3, the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange system undergoes phase change after receiving heat in the heat exchanger, and transfers the heat to the free piston Stirling cycle system through the medium circulation system; S4, the thermoelectric conversion system in the free piston Stirling cycle system receives the heat transferred through the heat exchange system and converts it into electrical energy. Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: The present invention connects a small lead-cooled fast reactor system and a free piston Stirling cycle system through a heat exchange system to realize thermoelectric conversion, thereby realizing coupled power generation of a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine, and has high safety performance and high energy conversion efficiency on the basis of improving the compactness of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system and simplifying the system structure. In addition, since the heat exchange system is arranged above the small lead-cooled fast reactor system, and the free piston Stirling cycle system is arranged above the heat exchange system, the lead heat transfer fluid in the small lead-cooled fast reactor system adopts natural circulation, and the heat exchange system transfers heat through phase change of the heat transfer medium, and the reactor system of the present application has the advantages of full natural circulation and simplified system structure through design coupling. At the same time, the lead heat transfer fluid and heat transfer medium in the reactor system of the coupling small lead-cooled fast reactor and the Stirling heat engine of the present application are both circulated and easy to operate; and the reactor system can perform full natural circulation and is small in size, has low noise during operation, and has high thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0013] The working medium circulation system includes a plurality of arranged heat pipes, wherein the heat pipes include an evaporation section, an insulation section and a condensation section. The evaporation section is inserted into a heat exchanger, and the condensation section is inserted into a Stirling engine system. The insulation section is arranged between the evaporation section and the condensation section, and is used for causing the heat transfer working medium to undergo a phase change in the evaporation section to generate steam after receiving heat in the heat exchanger. The steam passes through the insulation section and the condensation section, condenses and refluxes while releasing heat in the condensation section, and transfers the heat to the free piston Stirling cycle system, thereby realizing the natural circulation of the heat transfer working medium. At the same time, the heat pipe in the present application is an excellent heat transfer element with the advantages of high heat transfer coefficient, uniform temperature distribution, and rapid thermal response.

[0014] The heat exchanger is provided with a plurality of coolant channels, and the plurality of coolant channels are arranged around the heat pipes. The lead heat transfer fluid flows in the coolant channels and acts on the plurality of heat pipes, ensuring that the heat exchange area is large enough and sufficient heat is exported.

[0015] The multiple coolant channels are evenly arranged around each heat pipe, so that the multiple heat pipes are arranged at equal distances, further improving the heat exchange amount and heat exchange efficiency.

[0016] The heat pipe is provided with a liquid wick, and the heat transfer medium refluxes under the action of the liquid wick, so as to facilitate the reflux of the heat transfer medium in the heat pipe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a reactor system of the present application coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine; Figure 2 It is a structural top view of a reactor system of the present application coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine; Figure 3 is a side view of a Stirling engine and a heat exchanger in a reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a Stirling engine in a reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine of the present application; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat pipe in the reactor system of the present application coupling the small lead-cooled fast reactor and the Stirling heat engine; In the figure, 1-small lead-cooled fast reactor system; 2-heat exchange system; 3-free piston Stirling cycle system; 4-flow distributor; 5-reactor core 5; 6-lead-bismuth alloy heat transfer fluid; 7-pressure vessel; 8-heat exchanger; 9-expansion chamber; 10-piston; 11-regenerator; 12-cooler; 13-cooling water circuit; 14-AC generator; 15-evaporation section; 16-insulation section; 17-condensation section; 18-liquid wick; 19-coolant channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] As cited in the background technology, the reactor system in the prior art has a complex structure, a large volume, and high noise. Therefore, the present invention provides a reactor system that couples a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine, including a small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, a heat exchange system 2, and a free piston Stirling cycle system 3, wherein the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1 is used to generate heat; the heat exchange system 2 is used to transport heat; the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 is used to receive heat and convert it into electrical energy for power generation; the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1 includes a reactor body, a lead heat transfer fluid, and at least one heat exchanger 8, the heat exchanger 8 is arranged at the upper part of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, the lead heat transfer fluid flows through the reactor body to take out the heat generated by it, and transfers the heat to the heat exchange system 2 through the heat exchanger 8; the heat exchange system 2 is placed in the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1 Above, it includes at least one working fluid circulation system and a heat transfer working fluid arranged in the working fluid circulation system, the heat transfer working fluid is used to realize heat transfer in the working fluid circulation system; the working fluid circulation systems are respectively connected to the heat exchanger 8 and connected to the free piston Stirling cycle system 3, the heat transfer working fluid changes phase after receiving heat in the heat exchanger 8, and transfers the heat to the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 through the working fluid circulation system; the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 is arranged above the heat exchange system 2, including a relatively arranged Stirling engine system, the Stirling engine system includes a thermoelectric conversion system, the thermoelectric conversion system is connected to the working fluid circulation system, and is used to receive the heat transferred through the working fluid circulation system and convert it into electrical energy. The present application realizes a low-noise, miniaturized, compact reactor system with high energy conversion efficiency; in addition, since the heat exchange system 2 is arranged above the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, and the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 is arranged above the heat exchange system 2, the lead heat transfer fluid in the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1 adopts natural circulation, and the heat exchange system 2 transfers heat through phase change of the heat transfer medium, and the reactor system of the present application has the advantage of full natural circulation through design coupling. At the same time, the lead heat transfer fluid and heat transfer medium in the reactor system of the coupling small lead-cooled fast reactor and the Stirling heat engine of the present application are both circulated and easy to operate; and the reactor system can perform full natural circulation and has a small size and low noise during operation.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, working method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, working methods, products or devices.

[0020] Specific embodiment 1 of the reactor system of the present invention coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine: In this embodiment, Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the reactor system coupling the small lead-cooled fast reactor and the Stirling heat engine includes a small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, a heat exchange system 2 and a free piston Stirling cycle system 3; the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1 includes a reactor body, a lead heat transfer fluid and three heat exchangers 8, and the three heat exchangers 8 are arranged on the upper part of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1. The reactor system also includes a pressure vessel 7, the reactor body, the lead heat transfer fluid and the three heat exchangers 8 are all arranged inside the pressure vessel 7, and a flow distributor 4 is arranged below the reactor body, so that the lead heat transfer fluid passes through the porous flow distributor 4 and is heated by the reactor body, and transfers heat to the heat exchange system 2 through the heat exchanger 8 under the action of the natural circulation driving force, and the lead heat transfer fluid circulates inside the pressure vessel 7. Among them, the reactor body is a reactor core 5, and the lead heat transfer fluid is a lead-bismuth alloy heat transfer fluid 6. Inside the pressure vessel 7, the lead-bismuth alloy heat transfer fluid 6 receives the heat generated by the reactor core 5 and takes it out when flowing through the reactor core 5, and then transfers the heat to the heat exchange system 2 through the heat exchanger 8 under the action of the natural circulation driving force. Inside the entire pressure vessel 7, the circulation mode of the lead heat transfer fluid is natural circulation cooling. At this time, the height-to-diameter ratio of the pressure vessel 7 is set large enough to promote natural circulation heat removal at all power levels reaching and exceeding 100% of the rated power, thereby enhancing the natural circulation capacity of the lead heat transfer fluid.

[0021] The heat exchange system 2 is arranged above the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, and includes three working fluid circulation systems and heat transfer working fluids arranged in the working fluid circulation systems, wherein the heat transfer working fluid is sodium. The three working fluid circulation systems are respectively connected to the three heat exchangers 8 and connected to the free piston Stirling cycle system 3. The heat transfer working fluid undergoes a phase change after receiving heat in the heat exchanger 8, and transfers the heat to the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 through the working fluid circulation system. When in use, the sodium undergoes a phase change to generate steam after receiving heat from the heat exchanger 8, and the steam flows through the working fluid circulation system to transfer the heat to the free piston Stirling cycle system 3.

[0022] like Figure 4 As shown, the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 is horizontally arranged above the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, including a Stirling engine system arranged oppositely, that is, the Stirling engine system is arranged face to face, and the Stirling engine system includes a thermoelectric conversion system, which is connected to the working medium circulation system and is used to receive the heat transferred through the working medium circulation system and convert it into electrical energy. Specifically, the thermoelectric conversion system includes a cylinder, a piston 10 reciprocating inside the cylinder, a regenerator 11 and a cooler 12 placed outside the cylinder, an AC generator 14 and an expansion chamber 9, a running working medium is arranged in the cylinder, and a cooling water circuit 13 is arranged outside the AC generator 14, which forms an annular water flow arrangement for cooling the Stirling engine system. Among them, the running working medium is helium or air. When in use, after the running working medium in the cylinder absorbs heat, the running working medium expands and contracts in the cylinder, and the piston 10 moves in the cylinder as the running working medium expands and contracts, thereby making the Stirling engine system work. The coolant of the AC generator 14 adopts an annular water flow arrangement, and the water coolant is introduced through the pressure wall of the machine to minimize the temperature drop that occurs when heat is transferred through the pressure boundary; the generator part of the free piston 10 Stirling engine is equipped with magnets. As the piston 10 continues to move, it also generates electricity by cutting the magnetic lines of force.

[0023] When in use, a small lead-cooled fast reactor is equipped with three free piston Stirling cycle systems 3 for thermoelectric conversion, and each free piston Stirling cycle system 3 is equipped with a heat exchange system 2.

[0024] In other embodiments, a small lead-cooled fast reactor can be equipped with multiple free piston Stirling cycle systems 3 for thermoelectric conversion as needed, and each free piston Stirling cycle system 3 is configured with a heat exchange system 2, that is, a small lead-cooled fast reactor 1 can be equipped with one, two, four, etc. heat exchangers as needed, and correspondingly, the heat exchange system 2 can include one, two, four, etc. working fluid circulation systems, and the specific number is adjusted according to actual needs.

[0025] Specific embodiment 2 of the reactor system of the present invention coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine: Based on the above technical concept of the present invention, or based on the above specific embodiment of the present invention, another embodiment is provided below.

[0026] In this embodiment, Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the working medium circulation system includes a plurality of arranged heat pipes, the heat pipes include an evaporation section 15, an insulation section 16 and a condensation section 17, the evaporation section 15 is inserted into the heat exchanger 8, and runs through the entire heat exchange area of ​​the heat exchanger 8, that is, from the top to the bottom of the heat exchanger 8, and is structurally closely fitted with the heat exchanger 8, the condensation section 17 is inserted into the Stirling engine system, that is, the condensation section 17 is inserted into the expansion chamber 9 of the Stirling engine system, and is arranged along the length of the expansion chamber 9, and the insulation section 16 is arranged between the evaporation section 15 and the condensation section 17. When in use, the heat transfer medium undergoes a phase change in the evaporation section 15 to generate steam after receiving heat in the heat exchanger 8, and the steam passes through the insulation section 16 to the condensation section 17, and condenses after releasing heat in the condensation section 17. At the same time, since the liquid wick 18 is provided in the heat pipe, the heat transfer medium refluxes under the action of the liquid wick 18 after condensation, realizing the natural circulation of the heat transfer medium, and having the advantage of extremely low noise.

[0027] Among them, each heat exchanger 8 is provided with a plurality of coolant channels 19, that is, the heat exchanger 8 is a porous heat exchanger 8, and a plurality of coolant channels 19 are arranged around the heat pipes. The lead heat transfer fluid flows in the coolant channels 19 and acts on the plurality of heat pipes to ensure that the heat exchange area is large enough and sufficient heat is extracted. At the same time, the plurality of coolant channels 19 are evenly arranged around each heat pipe, so that the plurality of heat pipes are arranged at equal distances, which can effectively improve the heat transfer efficiency. Specifically, the lead-bismuth alloy heat transfer fluid 6 enters the heat exchanger 8 from the plurality of coolant channels 19 after passing through the reactor core 5, and flows out from the bottom of the heat exchanger 8 after heat exchange.

[0028] In other embodiments, the plurality of coolant channels 19 may be unevenly arranged around each heat pipe, such that the plurality of heat pipes are spaced apart at unequal distances.

[0029] Specifically, the working principle of the reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine is as follows: In a small lead-cooled fast reactor, the nuclear fission reaction in the fuel assembly of the reactor core 5 will release a large amount of heat. The lead-bismuth alloy heat transfer fluid 6 continuously flows in the small lead-cooled fast reactor as a coolant, passes through the flow distributor 4 located below the reactor core 5, and flows upward under the action of the natural circulation driving force after being heated by the reactor core 5, carrying the heat of the reactor core 5 into the multiple coolant channels 19 in the heat exchanger 8, and exchanges heat with the sodium in the evaporation section 15; the sodium evaporates after extracting the reactor heat, passes through the adiabatic section 16 and reaches the condensation section 17, and condenses Section 17 is used as a heat source to heat the Stirling engine. Sodium condenses after releasing heat in the condensation section 17 and flows back to the evaporation section 15 under the action of the liquid absorption core 18. The working fluid in the cylinder of the Stirling engine absorbs the heat brought out by the heat pipe and pushes the piston 10 to do work through isothermal expansion. The heated working fluid reaches the cold chamber through the regenerator 11 and the cooler 12 and releases heat through an isochoric heat release process. After releasing heat, the working fluid is isothermally compressed by the piston 10 to reduce its volume. After isochoric heating through the regenerator 11, the working fluid completes a cycle. The piston 10 drives the connecting rod to reciprocate and cuts the magnetic flux lines to generate electricity.

[0030] Specific embodiment 1 of the working method of the reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine of the present invention: In this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine, a working method of the reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine includes the following steps: First, the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 is arranged above the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, and the two are connected through the heat exchange system 2; Secondly, the lead heat transfer fluid in the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1 flows through the reactor body to take out the heat generated by it, and transfers the heat to the heat exchange system 2 through the heat exchanger 8; Next, the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange system 2 receives heat in the heat exchanger 8 and undergoes a phase change, and transfers the heat to the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 through the medium circulation system; Finally, the thermoelectric conversion system in the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 receives the heat transferred through the heat exchange system 2 and converts it into electrical energy.

[0031] Specifically, the working method of the reactor system coupling the small lead-cooled fast reactor and the Stirling heat engine comprises the following steps: First, the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 is arranged above the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, and the two are connected through the heat exchange system 2; Secondly, the lead metal heat transfer fluid in the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1 flows through the reactor core 5 to take out the heat generated by it, and enters the multiple coolant channels 19 in the heat exchanger 8 to exchange heat with the sodium in the evaporation section 15; Next, the sodium in the evaporation section 15 removes the heat from the reactor and evaporates, passing through the adiabatic section 16 and arriving at the condensation section 17. The condensation section 17 serves as a heat source to heat the Stirling engine. The sodium condenses after releasing heat in the condensation section 17 and flows back to the evaporation section 15 under the action of the wick 18. Finally, the working fluid in the cylinder of the Stirling engine absorbs the heat brought out by the heat pipe, and pushes the piston 10 to do work through isothermal expansion. The heated working fluid passes through the regenerator 11 and the cooler 12 to reach the cold chamber, and releases heat through an isochoric heat release process. After releasing heat, the working fluid is isothermally compressed by the piston 10 to reduce its volume. After isochoric heating through the regenerator 11, the working fluid completes a cycle, and the piston 10 drives the connecting rod to reciprocate, while cutting the magnetic flux lines to generate electricity.

[0032] Through the above description of the specific embodiment of the reactor system of the coupling small lead-cooled fast reactor and the Stirling heat engine of the present invention, it can be seen that the reactor system of the coupling small lead-cooled fast reactor and the Stirling heat engine of the present invention includes a small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, a heat exchange system 2 and a free piston Stirling cycle system 3, wherein the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1 is used to generate heat; the heat exchange system 2 is used to transport heat; the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 is used to receive heat and convert it into electrical energy for power generation; the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1 includes a reactor body, a lead heat transfer fluid and at least one heat exchanger 8, the heat exchanger 8 is arranged at the upper part of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, the lead heat transfer fluid flows through the reactor body to take out the heat generated by it, and transfers the heat to the heat exchange system 3 through the heat exchanger 8. System 2; the heat exchange system 2 is arranged above the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, including at least one working fluid circulation system and a heat transfer working fluid arranged in the working fluid circulation system, the heat transfer working fluid is used to realize heat transfer in the working fluid circulation system; the working fluid circulation systems are respectively connected to the heat exchanger 8 and connected to the free piston Stirling cycle system 3, the heat transfer working fluid undergoes phase change after receiving heat in the heat exchanger 8, and transfers the heat to the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 through the working fluid circulation system; the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 is arranged above the heat exchange system 2, including a relatively arranged Stirling engine system, the Stirling engine system includes a thermoelectric conversion system, the thermoelectric conversion system is connected to the working fluid circulation system, and is used to receive the heat transferred through the working fluid circulation system and convert it into electrical energy. The present application realizes a low-noise, miniaturized, compact reactor system with high energy conversion efficiency; in addition, since the heat exchange system 2 is arranged above the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1, and the free piston Stirling cycle system 3 is arranged above the heat exchange system 2, the lead heat transfer fluid in the small lead-cooled fast reactor system 1 adopts natural circulation, and the heat exchange system 2 transfers heat through phase change of the heat transfer medium, and the reactor system of the present application has the advantage of full natural circulation through design coupling. At the same time, the lead heat transfer fluid and heat transfer medium in the reactor system of the present application coupling the small lead-cooled fast reactor and the Stirling heat engine are both circulated and easy to operate.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The patent protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the claims. All equivalent structural changes made using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention should also be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine, characterized in that: include: Small lead-cooled fast reactor system (1), heat exchange system (2) and free piston Stirling cycle system (3); The small lead-cooled fast reactor system (1) comprises a reactor body, a lead-based heat transfer fluid and at least one heat exchanger (8), wherein the heat exchanger (8) is arranged at the upper part of the small lead-cooled fast reactor system (1), the lead-based heat transfer fluid flows through the reactor body to remove the heat generated by the reactor body, and transfers the heat to the heat exchange system (2) through the heat exchanger (8) under the action of a natural circulation driving force; The heat exchange system (2) is arranged above the small lead-cooled fast reactor system (1), and comprises at least one working fluid circulation system and a heat transfer working fluid arranged in the working fluid circulation system, the working fluid circulation systems are respectively connected to the heat exchanger (8) and to the free piston Stirling circulation system (3), the heat transfer working fluid undergoes phase change after receiving heat in the heat exchanger (8), and transfers the heat to the free piston Stirling circulation system (3) through the working fluid circulation system; The free piston Stirling cycle system (3) is arranged above the heat exchange system (2), and comprises a Stirling engine system arranged relatively thereto, wherein the Stirling engine system comprises a thermoelectric conversion system, and the thermoelectric conversion system is connected to the working fluid circulation system and is used to receive heat transferred through the working fluid circulation system and convert it into electrical energy.

2. The reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working fluid circulation system comprises a plurality of heat pipes arranged in an array, wherein the heat pipes comprise an evaporation section (15), an insulation section (16) and a condensation section (17), wherein the evaporation section (15) is inserted into a heat exchanger (8), the condensation section (17) is inserted into a Stirling engine system, and the insulation section (16) is arranged between the evaporation section (15) and the condensation section (17).

3. The reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat exchanger (8) is provided with a plurality of coolant channels (19), the plurality of coolant channels (19) being arranged around the heat pipes, and the lead heat transfer fluid flows in the coolant channels (19) and acts on the plurality of heat pipes.

4. The reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multiple coolant channels (19) are evenly arranged around each heat pipe, so that the multiple heat pipes are arranged at equal distances.

5. The reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A liquid wick (18) is provided in the heat pipe, and the heat transfer medium refluxes under the action of the liquid wick (18).

6. The reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermoelectric conversion system comprises a cylinder, a piston (10) reciprocating inside the cylinder, a regenerator (11) and a cooler (12) disposed outside the cylinder, an AC generator (14) and an expansion chamber (9), wherein a running medium is disposed in the cylinder, and a cooling water circuit (13) is disposed outside the AC generator (14).

7. The reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The lead-based heat transfer fluid is a lead-bismuth alloy heat transfer fluid (6).

8. The reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine according to claims 1-6, characterized in that: The heat transfer medium is sodium.

9. The reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The operating medium is helium or air.

10. A method for operating a reactor system coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine, characterized in that: A reactor system for coupling a small lead-cooled fast reactor and a Stirling heat engine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: S1, a free piston Stirling cycle system (3) is arranged above a small lead-cooled fast reactor system (1), and the two are connected via a heat exchange system (2); S2, in the small lead-cooled fast reactor system (1), the lead heat transfer fluid flows through the reactor body to remove the heat generated by the reactor, and transfers the heat to the heat exchange system (2) through the heat exchanger (8); S3, the heat transfer medium in the heat exchange system (2) undergoes phase change after receiving heat in the heat exchanger (8), and transfers the heat to the free piston Stirling cycle system (3) through the medium circulation system; S4, the thermoelectric conversion system in the free piston Stirling cycle system (3) receives the heat transferred through the heat exchange system (2) and converts it into electrical energy.

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