A ground station satellite antenna design method and system

Abstract

This invention provides a method and system for designing a ground station satellite antenna, relating to the field of antenna design technology. The method includes: obtaining the operating frequency band of the ground station satellite; selecting a target satellite antenna based on the operating frequency band; optimizing the diversity parameters of the target satellite antenna; designing a satellite antenna array based on the optimized target satellite antenna; determining the beam gain of the satellite antenna array; establishing a first objective function regarding the antenna's main beam gain, a second objective function regarding the antenna's interference beam gain, and constraints based on the beam gain; determining the optimal configuration of the satellite antenna array using a particle swarm optimization algorithm, with the goal of minimizing the first objective function and maximizing the second objective function, under the constraints; and configuring the satellite antenna array according to the optimal configuration. This invention significantly improves the transmission rate of antenna signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna design technology, and in particular to a ground station satellite antenna design method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Ground station satellite antennas are antenna devices installed on the Earth's surface to receive signals from satellites or send commands and data to satellites. They typically feature high gain, precise beam directionality, and controllable beam tracking capabilities to ensure reliable communication and data transmission. Ground station satellite antennas are widely used in satellite communication, navigation, remote sensing, and deep space exploration. Common types include parabolic antennas, phased array antennas, and omnidirectional antennas, which can adapt to the needs of different frequency bands and polarization methods. They are a key bridge connecting the Earth and satellites.

[0003] Ground station satellite antennas are the core components of satellite communication systems, responsible for ensuring efficient data transmission between the ground and satellites. Ground station antennas need to have high gain, precise beam control and tracking capabilities to cope with the dynamic changes of satellites and maintain stable communication connections. Effective antenna design can not only improve signal quality and anti-interference capabilities, but also optimize spectrum utilization and meet the communication needs of different application scenarios.

[0004] However, traditional mechanical antennas rely on physical movement to track satellites, which is slow and has limited accuracy, making it difficult to meet the needs of high-speed dynamic targets. In multi-band or multi-beam designs, interference or resource waste is likely to occur, failing to fully utilize spectrum resources and affecting communication capacity. Traditional multi-beam antenna designs rely on fixed feeds or beamforming networks, making it difficult to dynamically adjust beam direction and coverage, and unable to adapt to rapidly changing communication needs, resulting in excessively low antenna signal transmission rates. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the challenges of traditional mechanical antennas that rely on physical movement to track satellites, resulting in slow tracking speeds and limited accuracy, making them unsuitable for high-speed dynamic targets, prone to interference or resource waste in multi-band or multi-beam designs, failing to fully utilize spectrum resources and impacting communication capacity, and relying on fixed feeds or beamforming networks in traditional antenna multi-beam designs which struggle to dynamically adjust beam direction and coverage, thus failing to adapt to rapidly changing communication needs and leading to excessively low antenna signal transmission rates, this invention provides a ground station satellite antenna design method and system.

[0006] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] First aspect:

[0008] This invention provides a ground station satellite antenna design method, comprising:

[0009] S1: Obtain the operating frequency band of the ground station satellite;

[0010] S2: Select the target satellite antenna based on the operating frequency band;

[0011] S3: Optimize the diversity parameters of the target satellite antenna;

[0012] S4: Design a satellite antenna array based on the target satellite antenna optimized according to the graded parameters;

[0013] S5: Determine the beam gain of the satellite antenna array;

[0014] S6: Based on the beam gain, establish the first objective function for the antenna main beam gain, the second objective function for the antenna interference beam gain, and the constraints;

[0015] S7: Under the constraints, with the goal of minimizing the first objective function and maximizing the second objective function, the optimal configuration of the satellite antenna array is determined by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm.

[0016] S8: Configure the satellite antenna array according to the optimal configuration.

[0017] The second aspect:

[0018] This invention provides a ground station satellite antenna design system, comprising:

[0019] processor;

[0020] The memory stores computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the ground station satellite antenna design method as described in the first aspect.

[0021] Third aspect:

[0022] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the ground station satellite antenna design method as described in the first aspect.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0024] In this invention, by combining the selection of target satellites, optimization of diversity parameters, and dynamic design of satellite antenna arrays, the physical movement limitations of satellite antennas are avoided, enabling faster and more accurate satellite signal tracking. This meets the needs of high-speed dynamic targets, improves channel capacity utilization efficiency and communication reliability in multipath environments. By establishing objective functions and constraints for enhancing antenna beam gain and reducing interference wavenumber gain, the feed excitation parameters are optimized, and the beam direction and coverage are dynamically adjusted. This significantly reduces interference between multiple beams and waste of spectrum resources, increases communication capacity, enables anti-interference communication in complex electromagnetic environments, and significantly improves the transmission rate of antenna signals. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a ground station satellite antenna design method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a ground station satellite antenna design system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0030] In the embodiments of this invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning. Similarly, the terms "of," "corresponding (relevant)," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning.

[0031] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be written in a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0032] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] Reference manual attached Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a ground station satellite antenna design method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] This invention provides a ground station satellite antenna design method, the method comprising:

[0035] S1: Obtain the operating frequency band of the ground station satellite.

[0036] Ground station satellites refer to facilities located on the ground that receive or transmit satellite signals. They are typically used for communication or data transmission with satellites. The operating frequency band refers to the range of electromagnetic spectrum used for satellite communication. Different frequency bands have different transmission characteristics and applicable environments. Selecting the appropriate frequency band is crucial to ensuring communication quality.

[0037] It should be noted that electromagnetic waves of different frequency bands have different attenuation, penetration ability and bandwidth characteristics during propagation. Choosing the appropriate frequency band can effectively improve communication quality and stability.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the operating frequency bands specifically include: L band, S band, C band, X band, Ku band, Ka band, V band, and Q band.

[0039] Among them, the L-band (1-2 GHz) has a longer wavelength and stronger penetration, enabling communication in adverse weather conditions; the S-band (2-4 GHz) has strong anti-interference capabilities and a longer communication distance; the C-band (4-8 GHz) signal can effectively penetrate the atmosphere and has good anti-interference capabilities against meteorological conditions such as precipitation; the X-band (8-12 GHz) has a higher frequency, resulting in a wider signal bandwidth and providing higher data transmission rates; the Ku-band (12-18 GHz) has high communication speeds and can provide greater bandwidth, but its signal is more sensitive to weather conditions such as precipitation; the Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz) provides very high bandwidth and data transmission speed, suitable for scenarios requiring high-capacity and high-speed data communication; the V-band (40-75 GHz) has a short wavelength and high signal attenuation, suitable for short-distance, high-speed data transmission applications; and the Q-band (33-50 GHz) has a higher frequency, providing wider bandwidth and higher data transmission rates.

[0040] S2: Select the target satellite antenna based on the operating frequency band.

[0041] It should be noted that different frequency bands have different requirements for antenna design and performance. Choosing an antenna suitable for the appropriate frequency band can optimize signal transmission efficiency, reduce interference, and improve communication quality.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the target satellite antenna type includes: helical antenna, microstrip antenna, phased array antenna, array antenna, and parabolic antenna.

[0043] Among them, a helical antenna is an antenna made of a conductor (usually metal wire) wound into a helical shape. It typically has circular polarization, can operate over a wide frequency range, has a wide beam, and is suitable for low-frequency communication. A microstrip antenna is a planar antenna, usually composed of a metal plate (conductor) and a ground plane below, separated by an insulating material (dielectric). It features low profile, wide bandwidth, and portability, and can be integrated onto a circuit board. It is typically used in high-frequency applications and can support different modes and polarizations (such as linear polarization and circular polarization). A phased array antenna consists of multiple antenna elements, each with a phase... It can be dynamically adjusted to achieve fast and precise control of the beam direction. It features high speed, high flexibility, low mechanical loss and high integration. An array antenna is an antenna system composed of multiple individual antenna elements (or antenna components). By adjusting the phase and amplitude, a beam with specific directivity and gain is synthesized. The radiation mode and beam direction of the antenna can be flexibly changed by adjusting the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna element. A parabolic antenna is a common antenna form. Its radiating surface is parabolic in shape. It can provide very high gain and precise directivity and has strong directivity.

[0044] Specifically, L-band signals have longer wavelengths, and parabolic antennas can provide good gain and a wide beam. Helical antennas, with their circular polarization characteristics, are also suitable for the L-band. S-band signals have strong anti-interference capabilities and a long communication range, and parabolic antennas, phased array antennas, and microstrip antennas can be selected. C-band signals are used for satellite communication and broadcasting; parabolic antennas have high gain characteristics, and microstrip antennas are small in size and light in weight, making them suitable for the C-band. X-band signals have higher bandwidth and require high-precision antenna design; phased array antennas and parabolic antennas with high gain characteristics can be selected. Ku-band signals are commonly used for satellite broadcasting, satellite internet, and television transmission; parabolic antennas and microstrip antennas can be selected. Ka-band signals are used for high-speed data transmission and have high requirements for antenna design; phased array antennas are usually selected to support high-bandwidth communication. V-band signals have higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths, and have higher requirements for antenna size and precision; microstrip antennas and array antennas that can support high-precision beam control should be selected. Q-band signals are widely used in high-capacity data transmission, astronomical observation, and other fields; microstrip antennas and phased array antennas can be selected.

[0045] S3: Optimize the diversity parameters of the target satellite antenna.

[0046] It should be noted that by optimizing the diversity parameters of the target satellite antenna, the stability and performance of the communication system can be significantly improved. The optimized diversity parameters help reduce signal attenuation and interference, and improve the effective transmission range and quality of the signal.

[0047] In one possible implementation, diversity parameters include: envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, channel capacity loss, average effective gain, and total effective reflection coefficient.

[0048] Among them, the envelope correlation coefficient represents the similarity of the envelope (i.e., the fluctuating part of the signal strength) between two signals, measuring the degree of independence of signals in multipath propagation or multi-antenna systems. The value of the envelope correlation coefficient is usually between 0 and 1. The closer the value is to 0, the more independent the signals are, with less interference and attenuation effects. The closer the value is to 1, the stronger the correlation between the signals, which may lead to signal interference or amplify the same interference. Diversity gain refers to increasing signal strength by using multiple independent signal paths (such as multi-antenna reception, multi-band, or time diversity), thereby improving the performance of the communication system. Channel capacity loss refers to the maximum amount of information that a signal can transmit under given channel conditions. It measures the reduction in effective data transmission caused by factors such as noise, attenuation, and interference during channel transmission. Average effective gain refers to the average effective gain of an antenna or system in all directions under various channel conditions, integrating the radiation performance of the antenna or system at different angles. Total effective reflection coefficient (Total Effective Gain) is the average effective gain of an antenna or system in all directions under various channel conditions. The Reflection Coefficient describes the proportion of signal intensity reflected back from the antenna, reflecting the reflection loss of the antenna system. It is an important parameter for measuring antenna matching performance. The higher the reflection coefficient, the more energy of the signal is reflected back, leading to a decrease in transmission efficiency.

[0049] Specifically, the formula for calculating the envelope correlation coefficient is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] Where ECC represents the envelope correlation coefficient, Indicates complex conjugation. This represents the electric field component of the p-th satellite antenna in the θ direction. Let θ represent the electric field component of the q-th satellite antenna in the direction θ. This represents the electric field component of the p-th satellite antenna in the direction φ. This represents the electric field component of the q-th satellite antenna in the direction φ. This represents the power weight in the θ direction. XPR represents the power weight in the φ direction and the cross-polarization ratio. Let β represent the total power of the q-th antenna in the θ and φ directions, and let β represent the total power of the p-th antenna in the θ and φ directions.

[0052] In this invention, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is a diversity parameter used to indicate the correlation between adjacent radiating elements of a satellite antenna. The envelope correlation coefficient can be calculated from the radiation pattern or S-parameters. When designing a satellite antenna, it is necessary to optimize the envelope correlation coefficient until it is less than 0.5 to ensure the independence of each element and improve diversity performance.

[0053] The specific formula for calculating diversity gain is as follows:

[0054]

[0055] Here, DG represents diversity gain.

[0056] In this invention, diversity gain (DG) represents the signal quality and reliability of a satellite antenna in a wireless system. When designing a satellite antenna, it is necessary to optimize the diversity gain to achieve the ideal value of 10 dB.

[0057] The specific formula for calculating channel capacity loss is as follows:

[0058]

[0059] Wherein, CCL represents channel capacity loss. Represents the determinant of a matrix. Represents the correlation matrix of the satellite antenna. Representation matrix The elements in S 11 S represents the input reflection coefficient of the satellite antenna. 12 S represents the reverse transmission coefficient of the satellite antenna. 21 S represents the forward transmission coefficient of a satellite antenna. 22 This represents the reflection coefficient at the output of the satellite antenna.

[0060] In this invention, channel capacity loss (CCL) is the maximum limit for information to be transmitted in a communication channel with near-zero loss. The lower the channel capacity loss, the higher the communication efficiency of the channel. When designing an antenna, it is necessary to optimize the channel capacity loss to ensure that the CCL value is less than 0.4 bits / s / Hz in order to guarantee efficient information transmission.

[0061] The formula for calculating the average effective gain is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, MEG i MEG represents the average effective gain of the i-th satellite antenna. j S represents the average effective gain of the j-th satellite antenna. ii S represents the input reflection coefficient of the i-th satellite antenna. ij S represents the transmission coefficient between the i-th satellite antenna and the j-th satellite antenna. jj This represents the input reflection coefficient of the j-th satellite antenna. and Let represent the reflection power coefficients of the i-th and j-th satellite antennas, respectively. This represents the transmission power coefficient between the i-th satellite antenna and the j-th satellite antenna.

[0064] In this invention, the average effective gain is the ratio of the power received by the satellite antenna to the power received by the isotropic antenna. It is calculated by S-parameters and indicates whether the power distribution received by different antenna elements is uniform. When designing the antenna, it is necessary to optimize the average effective gain to ensure that the ratio is less than 3 dB in order to ensure the good performance of the satellite antenna.

[0065] The total effective reflectance is as follows:

[0066]

[0067] Where TARC represents the total effective reflectance, b i Let a represent the scattering vector of the i-th satellite antenna. i This represents the excitation vector of the i-th satellite antenna. N represents the total number of satellite antennas, and [S] represents the scattering matrix containing the S-parameter. The input signal phase factor of the satellite antenna is represented by j, where j represents the imaginary unit and θ represents the phase angle.

[0068] In this invention, the total effective reflection coefficient (TARC) characterizes the reflection loss of the antenna. It needs to be optimized during the design process to make the total effective reflection coefficient as close to zero as possible, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the system.

[0069] S4: Design a satellite antenna array based on the target satellite antenna optimized according to the graded parameters.

[0070] It should be noted that designing satellite antenna arrays based on optimized diversity parameters can effectively improve antenna performance and reliability. The optimized parameters can ensure that the antenna array performs best in specific frequency bands, reduce signal attenuation and interference, and improve beam pointing accuracy and signal coverage.

[0071] S5: Determine the beam gain of the satellite antenna array.

[0072] Beam gain refers to the ability of an antenna array to concentrate the radiation or reception of signals in a specific direction. The higher the beam gain, the stronger the signal strength of the antenna in that direction, and vice versa.

[0073] It should be noted that by determining the beam gain of the satellite antenna array, the antenna's directivity and transmission efficiency can be optimized. By precisely adjusting the beam gain, interference can be effectively reduced, signal quality improved, and stable communication between the satellite and the ground station ensured.

[0074] In one possible implementation, the satellite antenna array includes multiple feed sources, and S5 specifically includes:

[0075] S501: Determine the overall beam pattern of the satellite antenna array:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, E Total (u,v) represents the overall beam pattern in the direction (u,v), w p f represents the excitation coefficient of the p-th feed source. p This represents the sub-beam pattern formed by the p-th feed source. M represents the total number of feed sources for the satellite antenna array.

[0078] It should be noted that by determining the overall beam pattern of the satellite antenna array, the radiation characteristics of the antenna array in different directions can be accurately described, thereby optimizing the beam coverage and signal transmission efficiency.

[0079] S502: Determine the total radiation pattern of the main beam in the overall beam pattern:

[0080]

[0081] Among them, E R (u,v) represents the total radiation field of the main beam R of the satellite antenna array in the direction (u,v), w Rp f represents the excitation coefficient of the p-th feed in the main beam R.Rp This represents the sub-beam pattern formed by the p-th feed in the main beam R, a Rp P represents the excitation amplitude of the p-th feed source of the main beam R. Rp This represents the excitation phase of the p-th feed in the main beam R. L represents the total number of feed sources in the main beam R, e represents the exponent, and j represents the imaginary unit.

[0082] It should be noted that by determining the total radiation field pattern of the main beam in the overall beam pattern, the radiation distribution characteristics of the main beam of the satellite antenna array can be clarified, the antenna array design can be optimized, unnecessary signal waste can be avoided, and the signal strength of the system in a specific direction can be enhanced.

[0083] S503: Determine the wavenumber gain based on the total radiation field pattern:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, G R (u,v) represents the wavenumber gain of the satellite antenna array beam R in the direction (u,v).

[0086] S6: Based on the beam gain, establish the first objective function for the antenna main beam gain, the second objective function for the antenna interference beam gain, and the constraints.

[0087] It should be noted that by establishing a first objective function regarding the antenna's main beam gain, signal coverage and quality are ensured. By establishing a second objective function regarding the antenna's interference beam gain, the impact of interference on system performance is reduced. By setting reasonable constraints, the relationship between signal strength and interference suppression can be balanced, thereby improving the overall efficiency and stability of the satellite antenna.

[0088] In one possible implementation, the first objective function and the second objective function are specifically as follows:

[0089]

[0090] Where f1(X) represents the first objective function, f2(X) represents the second objective function, X represents the feed excitation configuration vector of the main beam R, min represents minimization, and max represents maximization. Indicates the direction of beam R within the satellite coverage area. Gain on, Indicates the direction of beam R within the coverage area of ​​the same frequency beam. Gain on, This indicates the sampling point location of the main beam R. N MR This indicates the total number of sampling points for the main beam R. This indicates the sampling point location of the co-channel interference beam. N SR This indicates the total number of sampling points for co-frequency interfering beams.

[0091] In one possible implementation, the feed excitation configuration vector is specifically:

[0092]

[0093] Where X represents the feed excitation configuration vector of the main beam R, a Rp P represents the excitation amplitude of the p-th feed source of the main beam R. Rp This represents the excitation phase of the p-th feed in the main beam R. L represents the total number of feed sources in the main beam R.

[0094] In one possible implementation, the constraints specifically include:

[0095] Feed amplitude weighting constraint:

[0096] ;

[0097] Gain constraints for the main beam R:

[0098] ;

[0099] Gain constraints for co-channel interference beams:

[0100] .

[0101] S7: Under the constraints, with the goal of minimizing the first objective function and maximizing the second objective function, the optimal configuration of the satellite antenna array is determined by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm.

[0102] It should be noted that the particle swarm optimization algorithm can efficiently determine the optimal configuration, improve the performance of satellite antenna arrays, ensure signal transmission quality, and effectively suppress interference.

[0103] In this invention, S7 specifically includes:

[0104] S701: Initialize the particle swarm, setting the inertia weight range, learning factor, maximum number of iterations, population size, particle position, particle velocity, individual optimal value, and global optimal value of the population.

[0105] Each particle represents a feed excitation configuration vector.

[0106] S702: Calculate the nonlinear inertia weights of each particle:

[0107]

[0108] in, ω represents the inertia weight at time t during iteration. max ω represents the initial maximum value of the inertia weight. min T represents the initial minimum value of the inertia weight. max This represents the maximum number of iterations, and e represents the exponential function.

[0109] It should be noted that by dynamically adjusting the inertia weight, the global search and local search capabilities can be effectively balanced. In the early stages of iteration, a larger inertia weight helps the particle to perform a broader global search, covering the entire solution space. In the later stages of iteration, a smaller inertia weight enhances the particle's local search capability, accelerating convergence to the optimal solution. The nonlinear decreasing method is more flexible than the linear decreasing method, which can improve the convergence efficiency and optimization accuracy of the algorithm in complex optimization problems.

[0110] S703: Update the velocity and position of each particle based on the nonlinear inertial weights:

[0111]

[0112] Among them, v i (t+1) represents the velocity of the i-th particle in the (t+1)-th iteration, v i (t) represents the velocity of the i-th particle in the t-th iteration, c1 represents the individual learning factor, r1 and r2 represent random numbers, and P i Let x represent the historical best position of the i-th particle. i Let c1 represent the position of the i-th particle in the t-th iteration, c2 represent the group learning factor, G represent the global optimal position, and x represent the position of the i-th particle in the t-th iteration. i (t+1) represents the position of the i-th particle in the (t+1)-th iteration.

[0113] S704: Calculate the fitness value of each particle;

[0114]

[0115] Where F(X) represents the fitness value, w1 and w2 represent the weight coefficients, f1(X) represents the first objective function, and f2(X) represents the second objective function.

[0116] S705: Based on the fitness value, determine whether the particle position meets the constraint conditions; if yes, return to step S701; otherwise, proceed to S706.

[0117] S706: Update the individual optimal value of the particle and the global optimal value of the population.

[0118] S707: Determine if the maximum number of iterations has been reached; if yes, output the individual's optimal position and the population's global optimal position; otherwise, return to step S703.

[0119] In this invention, the optimal configuration scheme of the satellite antenna is efficiently found by balancing the global and local search capabilities of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, thereby achieving the dual optimization goals of maximizing the main beam gain and suppressing interference beams.

[0120] S8: Configure the satellite antenna array according to the optimal configuration.

[0121] It should be noted that through precise configuration, the antenna can provide maximum gain in the designed main beam direction while reducing unnecessary interference, enabling the antenna array to achieve optimal performance in practical applications, ensuring efficient and interference-free communication between the satellite and the ground station, adapting to complex environmental conditions and meeting different communication needs.

[0122] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0123] In this invention, by combining the selection of target satellites, optimization of diversity parameters, and dynamic design of satellite antenna arrays, the physical movement limitations of satellite antennas are avoided, enabling faster and more accurate satellite signal tracking. This meets the needs of high-speed dynamic targets, improves channel capacity utilization efficiency and communication reliability in multipath environments. By establishing objective functions and constraints for enhancing antenna beam gain and reducing interference wavenumber gain, the feed excitation parameters are optimized, and the beam direction and coverage are dynamically adjusted. This significantly reduces interference between multiple beams and waste of spectrum resources, increases communication capacity, enables anti-interference communication in complex electromagnetic environments, and significantly improves the transmission rate of antenna signals.

[0124] Reference manual attached Figure 2 The diagram shows a schematic of the structure of a ground station satellite antenna design system provided by the present invention.

[0125] The present invention also provides a ground station satellite antenna design system 20, applied to the above-described ground station satellite antenna design method, comprising:

[0126] Processor 201.

[0127] The memory 202 stores computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by the processor 201, implement the ground station satellite antenna design method as described in the method embodiment.

[0128] The ground station satellite antenna design system 20 provided by the present invention can execute the above-described ground station satellite antenna design method and achieve the same or similar technical effects. To avoid repetition, the present invention will not elaborate further.

[0129] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0130] In this invention, by combining the selection of target satellites, optimization of diversity parameters, and dynamic design of satellite antenna arrays, the physical movement limitations of satellite antennas are avoided, enabling faster and more accurate satellite signal tracking. This meets the needs of high-speed dynamic targets, improves channel capacity utilization efficiency and communication reliability in multipath environments. By establishing objective functions and constraints for enhancing antenna beam gain and reducing interference wavenumber gain, the feed excitation parameters are optimized, and the beam direction and coverage are dynamically adjusted. This significantly reduces interference between multiple beams and waste of spectrum resources, increases communication capacity, enables anti-interference communication in complex electromagnetic environments, and significantly improves the transmission rate of antenna signals.

[0131] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of the present invention can be a central processing unit (CPU), or it can be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0132] It should also be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present invention can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous linked DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0133] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of the present invention is generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. Computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. A computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. Available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., DVDs), or semiconductor media. Semiconductor media can be solid-state drives.

[0134] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0135] In this invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be a single item or multiple items.

[0136] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the order of the above-mentioned process numbers does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0137] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0138] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, apparatuses, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0139] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0140] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0141] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0142] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0143] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the ground station satellite antenna design method as described in the method embodiment.

[0144] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium that can implement the steps and effects of the ground station satellite antenna design method of the above-described method embodiments. To avoid repetition, the present invention will not repeat them.

[0145] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0146] In this invention, by combining the selection of target satellites, optimization of diversity parameters, and dynamic design of satellite antenna arrays, the physical movement limitations of satellite antennas are avoided, enabling faster and more accurate satellite signal tracking. This meets the needs of high-speed dynamic targets, improves channel capacity utilization efficiency and communication reliability in multipath environments. By establishing objective functions and constraints for enhancing antenna beam gain and reducing interference wavenumber gain, the feed excitation parameters are optimized, and the beam direction and coverage are dynamically adjusted. This significantly reduces interference between multiple beams and waste of spectrum resources, increases communication capacity, enables anti-interference communication in complex electromagnetic environments, and significantly improves the transmission rate of antenna signals.

[0147] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0148] The following points need to be explained:

[0149] (1) The accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of the present invention. Other structures can refer to the general design.

[0150] (2) For clarity, the thickness of layers or regions is enlarged or reduced in the drawings used to describe embodiments of the invention, i.e., these drawings are not drawn to scale. It is understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region or substrate is referred to as being “above” or “below” another element, the element may be “directly” located “above” or “below” the other element or there may be intermediate elements.

[0151] (3) Where there is no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0152] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. The scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for designing a ground station satellite antenna, characterized in that, include: S1: Obtain the operating frequency band of the ground station satellite; S2: Select the target satellite antenna based on the operating frequency band; S3: Optimize the diversity parameters of the target satellite antenna; S4: Design a satellite antenna array based on the target satellite antenna optimized according to the graded parameters; S5: Determine the beam gain of the satellite antenna array; S6: Based on the beam gain, establish a first objective function for the antenna main beam gain, a second objective function for the antenna interference beam gain, and constraints; S7: Under the constraints of the above conditions, with the goal of minimizing the first objective function and maximizing the second objective function, the optimal configuration of the satellite antenna array is determined by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm; S8: Configure the satellite antenna array according to the optimal configuration; The satellite antenna array includes multiple feed sources, and S5 specifically includes: S501: Determine the overall beam pattern of the satellite antenna array: ； Among them, E Total (u,v) represents the overall beam pattern in the direction (u,v), w p f represents the excitation coefficient of the p-th feed source. p This represents the sub-beam pattern formed by the p-th feed source. M represents the total number of feed sources for the satellite antenna array; S502: Determine the total radiation field pattern of the main beam in the overall beam pattern: ； Among them, E R (u,v) represents the total radiation field of the main beam R of the satellite antenna array in the direction (u,v), w Rp f represents the excitation coefficient of the p-th feed in the main beam R. Rp This represents the sub-beam pattern formed by the p-th feed in the main beam R, a Rp P represents the excitation amplitude of the p-th feed source of the main beam R. Rp This represents the excitation phase of the p-th feed in the main beam R. L represents the total number of feed sources in the main beam R, e represents the exponent, and j represents the imaginary unit; S503: Determine the wavenumber gain based on the total radiation field pattern: ； Among them, G R (u,v) represents the wavenumber gain of the main beam R of the satellite antenna array in the direction (u,v); The first objective function and the second objective function are specifically as follows: ； Where f1(X) represents the first objective function, f2(X) represents the second objective function, X represents the feed excitation configuration vector of the main beam R, min represents minimization, and max represents maximization. Indicates the direction of beam R within the satellite coverage area. Gain on, Indicates the direction of beam R within the coverage area of ​​the same frequency beam. Gain on, This indicates the sampling point location of the main beam R. N MR This indicates the total number of sampling points for the main beam R. This indicates the sampling point location of the co-channel interference beam. N SR This indicates the total number of sampling points for co-frequency interfering beams.

2. The ground station satellite antenna design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating frequency bands specifically include: L band, S band, C band, X band, Ku band, Ka band, V band, and Q band.

3. The ground station satellite antenna design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The types of target satellite antennas include: helical antennas, microstrip antennas, phased array antennas, and parabolic antennas.

4. The ground station satellite antenna design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diversity parameters include: envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, channel capacity loss, average effective gain, and total effective reflection coefficient.

5. The ground station satellite antenna design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed excitation configuration vector is specifically as follows: ； Where X represents the feed excitation configuration vector of the main beam R, a Rp P represents the excitation amplitude of the p-th feed source of the main beam R. Rp This represents the excitation phase of the p-th feed in the main beam R. L represents the total number of feed sources in the main beam R.

6. The ground station satellite antenna design method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The constraints specifically include: Feed amplitude weighting constraint: ； Gain constraints for the main beam R: ； Gain constraints for co-channel interference beams: 。 7. A ground station satellite antenna design system, characterized in that, include: processor; A memory storing computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement the ground station satellite antenna design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the ground station satellite antenna design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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