Immersion type ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area equiaxed regulation and control method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses an equiaxed regulation and control method and device for an immersed ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area. The method specifically comprises the steps that S1, the position geometrical relationship between a wire and a laser beam is established; s2, establishing a relationship between laser energy input and wire melting; s3, the relation between the equiaxed additive repairing area and the parameters of the wire immersed in the molten pool is established; and S4, equiaxial regulation and control based on immersion type ultrasonic laser composite additive repair are achieved. According to the method, microstructure equiaxing in a specific area and range of an additive repair area can be achieved, the method can be suitable for nickel-based, iron-based, titanium-based and other common metal materials, and the regulation and control requirements for equiaxed structures in the laser additive repair process are met; the implementation means of the tissue equiaxing method is based on theoretical calculation, laser, wire feeding and ultrasonic process parameters are regulated and controlled, assembly and disassembly of equipment are not involved, and implementation is easy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of laser deposition, and in particular to an immersion-type ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area isoaxial control method and device. Background Art

[0002] Key components of high-end equipment are prone to surface and structural damage due to long-term service in harsh environments. Laser deposition technology can achieve surface strengthening, repair and remanufacturing of key components, thereby extending the service life of key components. Due to the rapid solidification during the laser additive repair process, it is easy to cause the formation of coarse columnar crystals, which in turn causes the additive repair area to show obvious anisotropy, seriously affecting the performance of the laser additive repair area.

[0003] Ultrasonic composite laser additive repair technology can promote the transformation of columnar crystals to equiaxed crystals in the additive repair area through ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic streaming effects, realize the equiaxed microstructure of the additive repair area, reduce the anisotropy of the additive repair area, and improve the quality of laser additive repair parts. At present, the equiaxed laser additive repair area has been achieved by introducing ultrasound in the additive repair process, but there is a lack of control methods for the equiaxed area, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements for equiaxed control of the tissue in the additive repair area of ​​key components.

[0004] Therefore, a method is urgently needed to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area isoaxialization control method and device, which realizes the isoaxialization of the microstructure in a specific area and range of the additive repair area by conducting ultrasound through wire, changing parameters such as the wire position and ultrasound intensity, and combining the relevant theories of the formation of microstructure isoaxialization, and designs a corresponding implementation device.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] An immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area isoaxial control method, characterized in that it specifically includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Establish the positional geometric relationship between the wire and the laser beam;

[0009] S2, establishing the relationship between laser energy input and wire melting;

[0010] S3, establishing the relationship between the equiaxed additive repair area and the wire parameters immersed in the molten pool;

[0011] S4. Realize isoaxial control of the laser additive repair area based on immersion ultrasound.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S1, the specific process of establishing the positional geometric relationship between the wire and the laser beam is as follows:

[0013] Define the diameters of the wire and laser beam spot as d wire and d beam , the unit is mm, the distance between the center of the wire and the center of the laser beam spot is the filament spacing d gs , the unit is mm, the wire feeding angle is α, the laser scanning direction is the coordinate axis x direction, the deposition direction is the coordinate axis y direction, and the z direction is determined according to the right-hand rule, so the area S where the laser directly acts on the wire las The projection expression on the xOz plane is:

[0014] (1)

[0015] Furthermore, in step S2, the specific process of establishing the relationship between laser energy input and wire melting is as follows:

[0016] When the laser energy distribution is Gaussian, based on the laser power P and the area S where the laser directly acts on the wire las , the time t of laser acting on the wire and the laser energy absorption rate A, the heat source energy of the laser acting on the wire can be obtained as:

[0017] (2)

[0018] Among them, the unit of laser power P is W;

[0019] The wire feeding time is the same as the time the laser acts on the wire. The energy E required to melt the wire is m With wire feeding speed v wire , wire density ρ wire , specific heat capacity of wire c wire , the temperature difference ΔT from the initial heating temperature to the melting point and the melting heat L of the wire wire Therefore, the energy E required for melting the wire can be obtained m for:

[0020] (3)

[0021] Among them, the wire feeding speed v wire The unit is mm / s, the wire density ρ wire The unit is kg / m 3 , the specific heat capacity of the wire c wire The unit is J / (kg·K), the melting heat of the wire L wire The unit is J / kg;

[0022] The length of the wire immersed in the molten pool can be determined by the relationship between the heat source energy of the laser acting on the wire and the energy required for the wire to melt. im for:

[0023] (4).

[0024] Furthermore, in step S3, the specific process of establishing the relationship between the equiaxed additive repair area and the wire parameters immersed in the molten pool is as follows:

[0025] The formation of the equiaxed additive repair area is related to the cavitation effect generated by ultrasound. It can be considered that the microstructure equiaxed can be produced in the area where cavitation occurs. The premise for the formation of cavitation in the molten pool is that the sound pressure exceeds the cavitation threshold. The cavitation threshold P required for the formation of cavitation is b The steady-state pressure of the molten pool P0 and the saturated steam pressure P v , the melt surface tension coefficient σ is related to the initial radius of the cavitation bubble R0; the cavitation threshold P b The unit is MPa;

[0026] The sound pressure in the molten pool begins to decay from the point where the wire is immersed. The attenuation process is related to the ultrasonic input intensity I0 and the viscosity effect of the molten pool. The viscosity effect is related to the density ρ of the melt. m , the propagation speed of ultrasound in metal materials c, the average distance between the equilibrium positions of adjacent atoms d a , the angular frequency of ultrasound ω, the vibration period τ0 of the atom at the equilibrium position, the Boltzmann constant k, the activation energy Q of the atomic movement, the temperature T of the initial position where the ultrasound is transmitted in the molten pool initial and the temperature gradient a in the molten pool tg Related; combined with cavitation threshold P b The calculation is simplified, so the distance d between the molten pool and the immersed wire is im Cavitation can occur when the following relations are met:

[0027] ,in (5)

[0028] Among them, l ca It is an intermediate variable, indicating the critical distance at which cavitation can occur, and its unit is mm.

[0029] Furthermore, the specific process of realizing the isoaxial control of immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair in step S4 is as follows: During the laser additive repair process, a molten pool can usually be formed within the laser spot range, and the formed molten pool is simplified here; when the laser, wire feeding and ultrasonic process parameters are changed, the cavitation range and position can be changed, thereby realizing the isoaxialization of the selected area:

[0030] ① Determine the wire feeding angle α and the wire spacing d gsand the laser spot diameter d beam After that, the relative position of the wire in the molten pool is calculated according to formula (1);

[0031] ② Determine laser power P and wire feeding speed v wire and wire material, and combine equations (2) to (4) to calculate the wire length l immersed in the molten pool: im ;

[0032] ③ Determine the ultrasonic input intensity I0, cavitation threshold and ultrasonic attenuation related parameters, and calculate the cavitation range according to formula (5);

[0033] ④ Based on the above foundations, by changing the relative position of the wire in the molten pool, the microstructure isoaxialization of a specific area of ​​the additive repair area can be achieved; by changing the length of the wire immersed in the molten pool and the cavitation range, the microstructure isoaxialization of a specific range of the additive repair area can be achieved; by combining the relative position of the wire in the molten pool, the length of the wire immersed in the molten pool and the cavitation range, the microstructure isoaxialization regulation of a specific area and range of the additive repair area can be achieved; in addition, when the isoaxialization range covers the entire molten pool, the full isoaxialization of the additive repair area is achieved.

[0034] In order to realize the isoaxial control method, the present invention proposes an isoaxial control device for an immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area, which is characterized by comprising a component to be repaired by additive, a metal wire, a hollow ultrasonic vibrator, a wire feeder ultrasonic vibrator posture adjustment mechanism and a laser cladding head, wherein:

[0035] The hollow ultrasonic vibrator comprises an ultrasonic horn and a wire holding component, a through hole is provided at the center of the ultrasonic horn, a wire transmission through hole shaft is provided in the through hole, one end of the metal wire is connected to the wire feeder, and the other end passes through the wire transmission through hole shaft and the wire holding component and is melted by the laser cladding head, and is fused with the component to be repaired by additive material to form an additive repair area;

[0036] The ultrasonic vibrator posture adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the position and posture of the hollow ultrasonic vibrator, and can realize the displacement of the hollow ultrasonic vibrator in the three directions of x, y, and z and the rotation of 0 to 360 degrees in the xOy plane, so as to realize the arbitrary angle adjustment of the wire feeding angle;

[0037] The laser cladding head is located above the component to be repaired by additive material, and is used to melt the metal wire and fuse it with the component to be repaired by additive material to form an additive repair area.

[0038] Furthermore, the hollow ultrasonic vibrator also includes a front end clamping cover plate, a waterproof sealing gasket, a piezoelectric ceramic and an end clamping cover plate. The front end clamping cover plate and the end clamping cover plate are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and both ends of the wire transmission through hole shaft are provided with threads, and the front end clamping cover plate and the end clamping cover plate are respectively fixed to the wire transmission through hole shaft by threads; the piezoelectric ceramic is sleeved on the ultrasonic amplitude transformer; the wire holding component is connected and fixed to the front end clamping cover plate by threads.

[0039] Furthermore, the piezoelectric ceramic is hollow and is mounted on a hollow ultrasonic vibrator to perform mutual conversion between electrical energy and mechanical energy.

[0040] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the wire transmission through hole shaft is smaller than the diameter of the middle through hole of the ultrasonic vibrator, and there is a certain gap between the two. The gap can be adjusted within the range of 1mm to 20mm, and the gap forms a water cooling channel for water cooling.

[0041] Furthermore, the middle of the wire-holding component is a through-hole structure with a curved surface, and the curvature of the curved surface may be "C-type" or "S-type". The diameter of the through-hole structure with a curved surface is determined according to the diameter of the metal wire actually working. The curvature of the curved surface utilizes the slight bending of the metal wire to hold the wire and realize ultrasonic transmission. Ultrasonic transmission of metal wires of different diameters can be realized by changing the diameter of the through-hole structure with a curved surface.

[0042] Furthermore, the wire-holding component can be prepared by 3D printing, and the component is easy to replace.

[0043] Furthermore, a side surface of the front end pressing cover plate is provided with a through hole dedicated to water outlet of the water cooling channel, and the array distribution mode and diameter of the through hole dedicated to water outlet can be designed and adjusted according to the water inlet volume;

[0044] The end of the terminal pressing cover plate is provided with a dedicated through hole for water inlet of the water cooling channel, and the array distribution mode and diameter of the dedicated through hole for water inlet can be adjusted. In order to ensure that the overall temperature of the ultrasonic vibrator is maintained within a certain range, the water flow and heat conversion can be calculated.

[0045] The middle of the wire transmission through hole shaft is a through hole, the diameter of the through hole is adjustable, and metal wires smaller than the diameter of the through hole can pass through.

[0046] Waterproof sealing gaskets for sealing and preventing water leakage are arranged between the surface where the front end pressing cover plate is connected to the wire transmission through hole shaft and between the surface where the end pressing cover plate is connected to the wire transmission through hole shaft.

[0047] In the present invention, the component to be repaired by additive material is the object of immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair, and can be a component of complex shape, large size, etc.; the metal wire is the material used for immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair, and can be a common metal material such as nickel-based, iron-based and titanium-based; the wire feeder provides power for feeding the metal wire;

[0048] The laser cladding head provides laser energy to melt the metal wire.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0050] 1. The present invention can realize the equiaxed microstructure in specific areas and ranges of the additive repair area, and can be applied to common metal materials such as nickel-based, iron-based and titanium-based materials, meet the demand for regulating the equiaxed structure during the laser additive repair process, and can be applied to the additive repair of components with complex shapes and large sizes.

[0051] 2. The tissue isoaxialization method of the present invention is realized by adjusting laser, wire feeding and ultrasonic process parameters, does not involve the assembly or disassembly of equipment, and is easy to realize.

[0052] 3. The present invention provides an immersion-type ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area isometric control device, which is suitable for metal wires of various diameters and specifications. The wires are clamped by through holes with curved arc structures. The wire clamping parts are easy to replace, and the device has a synchronous water cooling function, which can effectively improve the working quality of the ultrasonic vibrator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional coordinate system of the immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair process.

[0054] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the filament spacing during immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair.

[0055] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of isometric regulation of the microstructure of the repair area using immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive manufacturing.

[0056] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the isometric control device for the immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area.

[0057] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a hollow ultrasonic vibrator.

[0058] Figure 6 Metallographic structure diagram of equiaxed area control of Inconel 718 for immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair.

[0059] Explanation of the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings: 1. Part to be repaired by additive manufacturing; 2. Metal wire; 3. Hollow ultrasonic vibrator; 31. Wire holding part; 32. Front end pressing cover plate; 33. Waterproof sealing gasket; 34. Ultrasonic amplitude transformer; 35. Piezoelectric ceramic; 36. Wire transmission through hole shaft; 37. End pressing cover plate; 4. Wire feeder; 5. Ultrasonic vibrator posture adjustment mechanism; 6. Laser cladding head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation described here is only used to illustrate and explain the embodiment of the present invention, and is not used to limit the embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0062] Example 1 is a method for isometric control of the additive repair area of ​​the present invention.

[0063] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0064] Taking the nickel-based high-temperature alloy Inconel 718 material as an example, it is required to control the equiaxed area and range of the laser deposition area.

[0065] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 The present invention provides a method for isoaxialization of laser deposition selection based on wire-guided ultrasound, comprising the following steps:

[0066] 1. Establish the geometric relationship between the wire and the laser beam:

[0067] The diameters of the wire and the laser beam spot are 1 mm and 4 mm respectively. The distance between the center of the wire and the center of the laser beam spot is -1 mm. The wire feeding angle is 45°, so the laser directly acts on the wire area S. las The projection expression on the xOz plane is:

[0068]

[0069] 2. Establish the relationship between laser energy input and wire melting:

[0070] The laser power P used is 1800 W, and the laser energy absorption rate is 0.3. The heat source energy of the laser acting on the wire can be obtained as:

[0071]

[0072] The wire feeding speed used is 50 mm / s and the wire density is 8240 kg / m 3 The specific heat capacity of the wire is 435 J / (kg·K) and the melting heat of the wire is 2.1×10 5 J / kg. Therefore, the energy E required for melting the wire can be calculated m for:

[0073]

[0074] Then, determine the length of the wire immersed in the molten pool l im for:

[0075]

[0076] 3. Establish the relationship between the equiaxed additive repair area and the wire parameters immersed in the molten pool:

[0077] The cavitation threshold P required for cavitation can be obtained b is 0.266 MPa, and the viscosity parameter of the molten pool is substituted into the molten pool to obtain the distance d between the molten pool and the immersed wire. im Cavitation can occur when the following relations are met:

[0078] ,in

[0079] 4. Realize isometric control based on immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair:

[0080] Substituting the laser, wire feeding and ultrasonic parameters, by changing the relative position of the wire in the molten pool, the length of the wire immersed in the molten pool and the cavitation range, e.g. Figure 6 As shown, isoaxial regulation of the microstructure in specific areas and ranges of the additive repair area is achieved.

[0081] Embodiment 2 is the isoaxial control device of the additive repair area of ​​the present invention.

[0082] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 The present invention provides an immersion type ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area isoaxial control device, comprising a component to be repaired by additive 1, a metal wire 2, a hollow ultrasonic vibrator 3, a wire feeder 4, an ultrasonic vibrator posture adjustment mechanism 5 and a laser cladding head 6, wherein:

[0083] The hollow ultrasonic vibrator 3 includes an ultrasonic horn 34 and a wire holding component 31. A through hole is opened at the center of the ultrasonic horn 34. A wire transmission through hole shaft 36 is arranged in the through hole. One end of the metal wire 2 is connected to the wire feeder 4, and the other end passes through the wire transmission through hole shaft 36 and the wire holding component 31 and is melted by the laser cladding head 6, and is fused with the component to be repaired by additive material 1 to form an additive repair area.

[0084] The ultrasonic vibrator posture adjustment mechanism 5 is used to adjust the position and posture of the hollow ultrasonic vibrator, and can realize the displacement of the hollow ultrasonic vibrator in the three directions of x, y, and z and the rotation of 0 to 360 degrees in the xOy plane, so as to realize the arbitrary angle adjustment of the wire feeding angle;

[0085] The laser cladding head 6 is located above the component to be repaired by additive material 1, and is used to melt the metal wire 2 and fuse it with the component to be repaired by additive material 1 to form an additive repair area.

[0086] Furthermore, the hollow ultrasonic vibrator 3 also includes a wire clamping component 31, a front end clamping cover plate 32, a waterproof sealing gasket 33, a piezoelectric ceramic 35 and an end clamping cover plate 37. The front and rear ends of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 34 are respectively provided with the front end clamping cover plate 32 and the end clamping cover plate 37. Both ends of the wire transmission through hole shaft 36 are provided with threads, and the front end clamping cover plate 32 and the end clamping cover plate 37 are respectively fixed to the wire transmission through hole shaft 36 by threads; the piezoelectric ceramic 35 is sleeved on the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 34; the wire clamping component 31 and the front end clamping cover plate 32 are connected and fixed by threads.

[0087] Furthermore, the piezoelectric ceramic 35 is hollow and is mounted on the hollow ultrasonic vibrator to perform mutual conversion between electrical energy and mechanical energy.

[0088] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the wire transmission through hole shaft 36 is smaller than the diameter of the middle through hole of the ultrasonic vibrator, and there is a gap between the two. The gap can be adjusted within the range of 1mm to 20mm, and the gap forms a water cooling channel for water cooling.

[0089] Furthermore, the middle of the wire-holding component 31 is a through-hole structure with a curved surface, and the curvature of the curved surface may be "C-type" or "S-type". The diameter of the through-hole structure with a curved surface is determined according to the diameter of the metal wire 2 actually working. The curvature of the curved surface utilizes the slight bending of the metal wire to hold the wire and realize ultrasonic transmission. Ultrasonic transmission of metal wires of different diameters can be realized by changing the diameter of the through-hole structure with a curved surface.

[0090] Furthermore, the wire holding component 31 can be prepared by 3D printing, and the component is easy to replace.

[0091] Furthermore, the side of the front end pressing cover plate 32 is provided with a dedicated through hole for water outlet of the water cooling channel, and the array distribution mode and diameter of the dedicated through hole for water outlet can be designed and adjusted according to the water inlet volume;

[0092] The end of the terminal pressing cover plate 37 is provided with a dedicated water inlet hole for the water cooling channel, and the array distribution mode and diameter of the dedicated water inlet hole can be adjusted. In order to ensure that the overall temperature of the ultrasonic vibrator is maintained within a certain range, the water flow and heat conversion can be calculated.

[0093] The middle of the wire transmission through hole shaft 36 is a through hole, the diameter of which is adjustable, and metal wires smaller than the diameter of the through hole can pass through.

[0094] A waterproof sealing gasket 33 for sealing and preventing water leakage is provided between the surface where the front end clamping cover plate 32 is connected to the wire transmission through hole shaft 36 and between the surface where the end clamping cover plate 37 is connected to the wire transmission through hole shaft 36.

[0095] In this embodiment, the component to be repaired by additive material is the object of immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair, which can be a component with complex shape and large size; the metal wire is the material used for immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair, which can be a common metal material such as nickel-based, titanium-based and iron-based; the wire feeder provides power for feeding the metal wire;

[0096] The laser cladding head provides laser energy to melt the metal wire.

[0097] Embodiment 3 is the installation steps of the isoaxial control device for the additive repair area of ​​the present invention. An installation step of an immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area isoaxial control device includes the following steps:

[0098] 1. Assembling the hollow ultrasonic vibrator includes the following steps:

[0099] 1.1 Put the wire transmission through-hole shaft and piezoelectric ceramic on the ultrasonic horn along the inner diameter hole and outer diameter of the ultrasonic horn respectively;

[0100] 1.2 Place a waterproof sealing gasket at the end of the ultrasonic horn, and press the piezoelectric ceramic and the waterproof sealing gasket through the end compression cover, so that the piezoelectric ceramic and the ultrasonic horn fit tightly. At the same time, the end compression cover and the wire transmission hole shaft are connected and fixed by screws;

[0101] 1.3 Place a waterproof sealing gasket on the head of the ultrasonic horn, and press the waterproof sealing gasket through the front end pressing cover plate, and at the same time, connect and fix the front end pressing cover plate and the wire transmission through hole shaft with screws;

[0102] 1.4 Connect and fix the wire holding component and the front end pressing cover plate through threads to complete the assembly of the hollow ultrasonic vibrator.

[0103] 2. Install the ultrasonic vibrator posture adjustment mechanism, and connect and fix the ultrasonic vibrator posture adjustment mechanism with the hollow ultrasonic vibrator;

[0104] 3. Install the metal wire and the hollow ultrasonic vibrator, let the metal wire pass through the inner hole of the wire transmission through-hole shaft, and hold the wire tightly with the wire holding component;

[0105] 4. Connect the water cooling inlet to the water inlet of the end compression cover plate, and connect the water cooling outlet to the water outlet of the front compression cover plate;

[0106] 5. Place the component to be repaired by additives, and adjust the position of the hollow ultrasonic vibrator by means of the ultrasonic vibrator posture adjustment mechanism so that the metal wire is located in the repair area of ​​the component to be repaired by additives;

[0107] 6. Set the optimized laser and wire feeding process parameters to prepare for the immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair test.

[0108] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for isoaxialization control of an immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Establish the positional geometric relationship between the wire and the laser beam; S2, establishing the relationship between laser energy input and wire melting; S3, establishing the relationship between the equiaxed additive repair area and the wire parameters immersed in the molten pool; S4. Realize isoaxial control of the laser additive repair area based on immersion ultrasound.

2. The method for isoaxialization control of an immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the specific process of establishing the positional geometric relationship between the wire and the laser beam is as follows: Define the diameters of the wire and laser beam spot as d wire and d beam , the unit is mm, the distance between the center of the wire and the center of the laser beam spot is the filament spacing d gs , the unit is mm, the wire feeding angle is α, the laser scanning direction is the coordinate axis x direction, the deposition direction is the coordinate axis y direction, and the z direction is determined according to the right-hand rule, so the area S where the laser directly acts on the wire las The projection expression on the xOz plane is: （1）。 3. The method for isoaxialization control of an immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the specific process of establishing the relationship between laser energy input and wire melting is as follows: When the laser energy distribution is Gaussian, based on the laser power P and the area S where the laser directly acts on the wire las , the time t of laser acting on the wire and the laser energy absorption rate A, the heat source energy of the laser acting on the wire can be obtained as: （2） Among them, the unit of laser power P is W; The wire feeding time is the same as the time the laser acts on the wire. The energy E required to melt the wire is m With wire feeding speed v wire , wire density ρ wire , specific heat capacity of wire c wire , the temperature difference ΔT from the initial heating temperature to the melting point and the melting heat L of the wire wire Therefore, the energy E required for melting the wire can be obtained m for: （3） Among them, the wire feeding speed v wire The unit is mm / s, the wire density ρ wire The unit is kg / m 3 , the specific heat capacity of the wire c wire The unit is J / (kg·K), the melting heat of the wire L wire The unit is J / kg; The length of the wire immersed in the molten pool can be determined by the relationship between the heat source energy of the laser acting on the wire and the energy required for the wire to melt. im for: （4）。 4. The method for isoaxialization control of an immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the specific process of establishing the relationship between the equiaxed additive repair area and the wire parameters immersed in the molten pool is as follows: The formation of the equiaxed additive repair area is related to the cavitation effect generated by ultrasound. It can be considered that the microstructure equiaxed can be produced in the area where cavitation occurs. The premise for the formation of cavitation in the molten pool is that the sound pressure exceeds the cavitation threshold. The cavitation threshold P required for the formation of cavitation is b The steady-state pressure of the molten pool P0 and the saturated steam pressure P v , the melt surface tension coefficient σ is related to the initial radius of the cavitation bubble R0; the cavitation threshold P b The unit is MPa; The sound pressure in the molten pool begins to decay from the point where the wire is immersed. The attenuation process is related to the ultrasonic input intensity I0 and the viscosity effect of the molten pool. The viscosity effect is related to the density ρ of the melt. m , the propagation speed of ultrasound in metal materials c, the average distance between the equilibrium positions of adjacent atoms d a , the angular frequency of ultrasound ω, the vibration period τ0 of the atom at the equilibrium position, the Boltzmann constant k, the activation energy Q of the atomic movement, the temperature T of the initial position where the ultrasound is transmitted in the molten pool initial and the temperature gradient a in the molten pool tg Related; combined with cavitation threshold P b The calculation is simplified, so the distance d between the molten pool and the immersed wire is im Cavitation can occur when the following relations are met: ,in (5) Among them, l ca It is an intermediate variable, indicating the critical distance at which cavitation can occur, and its unit is mm.

5. The method for isoaxialization control of an immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific process of realizing isoaxial control based on immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair in step S4 is as follows: During the laser additive repair process, a molten pool can usually be formed within the laser spot range, and the formed molten pool is simplified here; when the laser, wire feeding and ultrasonic process parameters are changed, the cavitation range and position can be changed, thereby realizing isoaxialization of the selected area: ① Determine the wire feeding angle α and the wire spacing d gs and the laser spot diameter d beam After that, the relative position of the wire in the molten pool is calculated according to formula (1); ② Determine laser power P and wire feeding speed v wire and wire material, and combine equations (2) to (4) to calculate the wire length l immersed in the molten pool: im ; ③ Determine the ultrasonic input intensity I0, cavitation threshold and ultrasonic attenuation related parameters, and calculate the cavitation range according to formula (5); ④ Based on the above foundations, by changing the relative position of the wire in the molten pool, the microstructure isoaxialization of a specific area of ​​the additive repair area can be achieved; by changing the length of the wire immersed in the molten pool and the cavitation range, the microstructure isoaxialization of a specific range of the additive repair area can be achieved; by combining the relative position of the wire in the molten pool, the length of the wire immersed in the molten pool and the cavitation range, the microstructure isoaxialization regulation of a specific area and range of the additive repair area can be achieved; in addition, when the isoaxialization range covers the entire molten pool, the full isoaxialization of the additive repair area is achieved.

6. An immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area isoaxial control device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a component to be repaired by additive manufacturing (1), a metal wire (2), a hollow ultrasonic vibrator (3), a wire feeder (4), an ultrasonic vibrator posture adjustment mechanism (5) and a laser cladding head (6), wherein: The hollow ultrasonic vibrator (3) comprises an ultrasonic horn (34), a through hole is formed at the center of the ultrasonic horn (34), a wire transmission through hole shaft (36) and a wire holding component (31) are arranged in the through hole, one end of the metal wire (2) is connected to the wire feeder (4), and the other end passes through the wire transmission through hole shaft (36) and the wire holding component (31) and is melted by the laser cladding head (6) and fused with the component to be repaired by additive material (1) to form an additive repair area; The ultrasonic vibrator posture adjustment mechanism (5) is used to adjust the position and posture of the hollow ultrasonic vibrator, and can realize the displacement of the hollow ultrasonic vibrator in the three directions of x, y, and z and the rotation of 0 to 360 degrees in the xOy plane, thereby realizing the arbitrary angle adjustment of the wire feeding angle; The laser cladding head (6) is located above the component to be repaired by additive material (1), and is used to melt the metal wire (2) and fuse it with the component to be repaired by additive material (1) to form an additive repair area.

7. The equiaxed control device for immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hollow ultrasonic vibrator (3) further comprises a front end clamping cover plate (32), a waterproof sealing gasket (33), a piezoelectric ceramic (35) and a terminal clamping cover plate (37); the front and rear ends of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (34) are respectively provided with the front end clamping cover plate (32) and the terminal clamping cover plate (37); both ends of the wire transmission through hole shaft (36) are provided with threads; the front end clamping cover plate (32) and the terminal clamping cover plate (37) are respectively fixed to the wire transmission through hole shaft (36) by threads; the piezoelectric ceramic (35) is sleeved on the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (34); the wire clamping component (31) is connected and fixed to the front end clamping cover plate (32) by threads.

8. The equiaxed control device for immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the wire transmission through hole shaft (36) is smaller than the diameter of the middle through hole of the ultrasonic vibrator, and there is a gap between the two. The gap is adjusted within the range of 1 mm to 20 mm, and the gap forms a water cooling channel for water cooling.

9. The equiaxed control device for immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area according to claim 7, characterized in that: The middle of the wire-holding component (31) is a through-hole structure with a curved surface. The curvature of the curved surface can be "C-type" or "S-type". The diameter of the through-hole structure with a curved surface is determined according to the diameter of the metal wire (2) actually in operation. The curvature of the curved surface utilizes the slight bending of the metal wire to hold the wire tightly and realize ultrasonic transmission. Ultrasonic transmission of metal wires of different diameters can be realized by changing the diameter of the through-hole structure with a curved surface.

10. The equiaxed control device for immersion ultrasonic laser composite additive repair area according to claim 7, characterized in that: The side surface of the front end pressing cover plate (32) is provided with a dedicated through hole for water outlet of the water cooling channel, and the array distribution mode and diameter of the dedicated through hole for water outlet can be designed and adjusted according to the water inflow; The end of the terminal pressing cover plate (37) is provided with a dedicated through hole for water inlet of the water cooling channel, and the array distribution mode and diameter of the dedicated through hole for water inlet can be adjusted.

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