Method, device, equipment and storage medium for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of petroleum geophysical exploration and processing technology, and discloses a method for arranging seismic excitation points in loess mountains. The method utilizes high-definition aerial imagery to obtain loess mountain data; a safety distance table for different obstacles is formulated based on the excitation charge dosage; Klseis software is used to automatically offset the excitation points to safe and uniform positions; then excitation points are added to the blank area of ​​the 0-500m offset coverage; if the 0-500m offset coverage does not meet the technical requirements, manual point-by-point offset is performed; finally, the coverage is analyzed to determine whether the coverage meets the technical requirements. The present invention also discloses a device, equipment, and storage medium for arranging seismic excitation points in loess mountains. The present invention is applicable to areas in the loess mountain region of the Ordos Basin, where surface obstacles are widely distributed, the terrain is complex, and gullies are relatively developed. While protecting industrial and agricultural facilities, it can effectively improve the uniformity of the attributes and the quality of three-dimensional seismic data acquired in the loess mountain region of the basin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum geophysical exploration and processing, and relates to a method, device, equipment and storage medium for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] As oilfields increase their exploration and development efforts, they are demanding increasingly high-quality 3D seismic data from the Loess Mountains. Large-scale 3D seismic exploration in the Loess Mountains region of the Ordos Basin has been underway for eight years, with an overall deployment and distributed implementation approach. Currently, deployment has expanded into the complex fault-fold belt on the western edge of the basin, and into the core areas of major cities in the central region. Due to the widespread distribution of surface obstacles in the Loess Mountains and the complex topography of gullies, plateaus, ridges, hills, and slopes, uniform placement of 3D seismic acquisition points is difficult. Exploration into large urban areas creates limited space for excitation point placement, and the high density of excitation points leads to densely packed acquisition shot points, resulting in severely uneven local excitation point distribution and uneven seismic acquisition properties. This fails to meet technical design requirements, impacting the quality of 3D seismic data.

[0003] In the past, the 3D seismic design of port areas in China was mainly based on irregular shot point design to complete the port observation design. In large urban areas, excitation points were arranged wherever there was space. The focus of the loess mountain area was on rapid arrangement of excitation points and the basic method of complementary well-seismic mixed sampling to improve the acquisition effect. There was not much attention paid to the comprehensive and systematic uniform arrangement of excitation points in the loess mountain area. In particular, there is no mature technical method to improve the uniformity of excitation points in the exploration conditions of the loess mountain area in the Ordos Basin with complex surface areas, dense obstacles and numerous valleys. This has brought difficulties to the current 3D seismic acquisition excitation point arrangement in the loess mountain area of ​​the basin, affecting the effective exploration of geological targets. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for arranging seismic excitation points in loess mountainous areas. Under complex conditions such as dense obstacles, complex terrain, numerous gullies, and high density of excitation points in loess mountainous areas, the method can achieve uniform arrangement of excitation points for three-dimensional seismic acquisition, thereby obtaining high-quality three-dimensional seismic acquisition data.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a device, equipment and storage medium for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountain areas.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Based on high-definition aerial imagery, the coordinates of all obstacles in the construction area that affect the placement of excitation points, the coordinates of cliffs with a slope greater than 45°, and the coordinates of steep areas are collected. All gullies in the construction area are identified to obtain a gully distribution map.

[0009] S2. Determine the excitation charge used by well guns and vibrators for different types of obstacles and different safety distances, and develop a table of safety distances for different obstacles;

[0010] S3. Import the coordinates of obstacles, cliff areas with a slope greater than 45°, steep slope areas, gully distribution maps, and theoretical shot checkpoint coordinates into the Klseis software. Design buffer zones according to the safety distance table for different obstacles. Use the automatic obstacle avoidance and offset function of the Klseis software to automatically offset the excitation points to safe and uniform positions.

[0011] S4. After automatically shifting the excitation points to safe and uniform locations, analyze the seismic acquisition attributes to obtain the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage. Add excitation points between the blank areas of the 0-500m offset coverage to enhance the coverage of the blank areas of the 0-500m offset coverage.

[0012] S5. After adding excitation points between the blank area of ​​0-500m offset coverage, if the 0-500m offset coverage does not meet the technical requirements, manually offset the excitation points that are not deviated after automatic offset point by point until the minimum coverage meets the technical requirements;

[0013] S6. Analyze the full offset coverage times and the 0-500m offset coverage times. Analyze the seismic acquisition attributes. If the full offset coverage times and the 0-500m offset coverage times meet the technical requirements, the excitation point layout work is completed. Determine the excitation factors according to the safe distance table between the excitation points and different obstacles, and design the drilling task book. If the full offset coverage times and the 0-500m offset coverage times in a certain area do not meet the technical requirements, further explore the excitation point layout space in that area. If the area still does not meet the technical requirements, submit a change application for that area as a special area.

[0014] As a limitation, in step S3, when using the automatic obstacle avoidance offset function of the Klseis software, the excitation point is offset to a safe and uniform position according to the "nearest offset" principle;

[0015] When using the automatic obstacle avoidance and offset function of the Klseis software, the excitation points are preferentially offset to the valley and the requirements for uniform layout of the valley excitation points are met.

[0016] As a second limitation, in step S5, when manually shifting the excitation points that have not deviated after the automatic shift, the following situations are included:

[0017] 1) The excitation point is first shifted along the vertical shot line. If the vertical shot line cannot be shifted, the parallel shot row is shifted across the beam and the excitation point is shifted to the position with the same beam number.

[0018] 2) The excitation point is offset along the InLine direction, by an integer multiple of the track pitch, with the maximum offset distance being twice the shot line pitch;

[0019] 3) If the excitation point cannot be offset along the Inline direction, it is offset by twice the receiving line distance along the CrossLine direction, and the excitation point is offset to the position with the same line bundle number;

[0020] 4) When neither case 2) nor case 3) is satisfied, the excitation point is offset along the CrossLine direction by twice the receiver line spacing, and then offset along the InLine direction by an integer multiple of the track spacing. The maximum InLine offset distance is one shot line spacing.

[0021] 5) When obstacles prevent the deployment of excitation points, the excitation points are encrypted within at least two beams along the CrossLine direction. The total number of excitation points in the encrypted area theoretically does not exceed the designed number of excitation points.

[0022] 6) When none of the conditions 2) to 5) are met, the excitation point is treated as a blank point.

[0023] The present invention also provides a device for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas, comprising:

[0024] The construction area data determination module is used to pick up the coordinates of all obstacles that affect the layout of the excitation points in the construction area, the coordinates of cliff areas with a slope greater than 45°, and the coordinates of steep areas based on high-definition aerial image data, and identify all valleys in the construction area to obtain a valley distribution map;

[0025] The safety distance table module is used to determine the excitation charge used by well guns and controllable vibrators for different types of obstacles and different safety distances, and to develop safety distance tables for different obstacles;

[0026] The automatic offset module is used to import obstacle coordinates, cliff area coordinates with a slope greater than 45°, steep area coordinates, gully distribution map, and theoretical shot check point coordinates into the Klseis software. Buffer zones are designed according to different obstacle safety distance tables. The automatic obstacle avoidance offset function of the Klseis software is used to automatically offset the excitation points to a safe and uniform position.

[0027] The coverage increase module is used to automatically shift the excitation point to a safe and uniform position, analyze the seismic acquisition attributes, obtain the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage, and add excitation points between the blank areas of the 0-500m offset coverage to enhance the coverage of the blank areas of the 0-500m offset coverage.

[0028] The manual offset module is used to add excitation points between the blank area of ​​0-500m offset coverage. If the 0-500m offset coverage does not meet the technical requirements, the excitation points that are not deviated after automatic offset are manually offset point by point to ensure that the minimum coverage meets the technical requirements.

[0029] The coverage analysis module is used to analyze the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage, and analyze the seismic acquisition attributes. If the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage meet the technical requirements, the excitation point layout work is completed, the excitation factors are determined according to the safe distance table between the excitation points and different obstacles, and the drilling task book is designed. If the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage in a certain area do not meet the technical requirements, the area will be further explored for the excitation point layout space. If the area still does not meet the technical requirements, a change application will be submitted for the area as a special area.

[0030] The present invention also provides a computer device, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store at least one computer program, and the at least one computer program is loaded by the processor and executes the method for arranging loess mountain earthquake excitation points.

[0031] The present invention also provides a storage medium, which is used to store at least one computer program, and the at least one computer program is used to execute the method for arranging loess mountain earthquake excitation points.

[0032] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has achieved the following technical advancements compared with the prior art:

[0033] (1) The present invention utilizes the principle of uniform observation of three-dimensional seismic exploration to achieve uniform distribution of excitation points in the Loess Mountain area;

[0034] (2) The present invention realizes the uniform arrangement of three-dimensional seismic acquisition excitation points under complex conditions such as dense surface obstacles, complex terrain, numerous valleys, and high density of excitation points in the Loess Mountain area, so as to obtain high-quality three-dimensional seismic acquisition data, meet the requirements of oil field companies for continuously improving basin three-dimensional seismic acquisition technology, achieve high-precision exploration, realize the needs of oil field companies for geological tasks, and serve the entire life cycle of oil fields.

[0035] In summary, the present invention is applicable to the Loess Mountain region of the Ordos Basin, where surface obstacles are widely distributed, the terrain is complex, and gullies are relatively developed. While protecting industrial and agricultural facilities, it can effectively improve the uniformity of three-dimensional seismic data attributes and the quality of acquired data in the Loess Mountain region of the basin. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 Shown is a flow chart of the method of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 Shown is the valley distribution diagram of the Y area of ​​Example 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 Shown is the slope diagram of the Y region and a partially enlarged display diagram of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a typical gully platform and slope for Luoyang shovel operation at the Y-zone excitation point in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 The figure shows the distribution of coverage times of 0-500m offset distance of 3D seismic acquisition in the Y area of ​​Example 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 The figure shows the positions of the excitation points and the bin pair analysis diagram of the 3D seismic acquisition in the Y area according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 The figure shows the contribution range analysis diagram of the excitation point of the Y area 3D seismic acquisition to the surface element in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 The figure shows the analysis diagram of the increase of simulated excitation points at the "skylight" in the Y area of ​​Example 1 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 The figure shows a comparison before and after adding the excitation points for 3D seismic acquisition in the Y area of ​​Example 1 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 The figure shows a quality control flow chart of the implementation process of the Y-area 3D seismic acquisition excitation point in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of optimizing the safe distance between trench points for 3D seismic acquisition in area Y according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 12 Schematic diagram showing the optimization of the safe distance of points below obstacles during 3D seismic acquisition in area Y according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of adding small charge excitation points in the obstacle-dense area for 3D seismic acquisition in area Y according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 14 This is a diagram showing the addition of excitation points within the local area A in the Y region according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 15FIG2 is a block diagram of an apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 16 FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 17 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a computer storage medium according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to better explain the present invention and facilitate understanding, the present invention is described in detail below through specific implementation methods in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0054] Example 1: A method for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas

[0055] At present, the layout of excitation points in the Loess Plateau faces challenges such as general uniformity, low punctuality (actual number of punctual points / physical number of points), extremely uneven local excitation points in valleys and mountains, no excitation points at close offsets in some local areas, and blank areas of coverage times (commonly known as "skylights"). In order to continuously improve the uniformity of the layout of excitation points for 3D seismic acquisition, research on the method of uniform layout of excitation points for 3D seismic acquisition in the Loess Plateau is conducted.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is a method for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1. Based on high-definition aerial imagery, the coordinates of all obstacles in the construction area that affect the placement of excitation points, the coordinates of cliffs with a slope greater than 45°, and the coordinates of steep areas are collected. All gullies in the construction area are identified to obtain a gully distribution map.

[0058] S2. Determine the excitation charge used by well guns and vibrators for different types of obstacles and different safety distances, and develop a table of safety distances for different obstacles;

[0059] S3. Import the coordinates of obstacles, cliff areas with a slope greater than 45°, steep slope areas, gully distribution maps, and theoretical shot checkpoint coordinates into the Klseis software. Design buffer zones according to the safety distance table for different obstacles. Use the automatic obstacle avoidance and offset function of the Klseis software to automatically offset the excitation points to safe and uniform positions.

[0060] In this step, when using the automatic obstacle avoidance offset function of the Klseis software, the excitation point is offset to a safe and uniform position based on the "nearest offset" principle;

[0061] When using the automatic obstacle avoidance and offset function of the Klseis software, the excitation points are preferentially offset to the valley, and the requirements for uniform layout of the valley excitation points are met;

[0062] S4. After automatically shifting the excitation points to safe and uniform locations, analyze the seismic acquisition attributes to obtain full offset coverage and 0-500 m offset coverage. Add excitation points between or around blank areas of 0-500 m offset coverage to enhance coverage of blank areas of 0-500 m offset coverage.

[0063] The scope of the surrounding area is determined according to the actual arrangement length, and the areas that contribute to the number of blank area coverage after the addition of excitation points are considered as the surrounding area;

[0064] S5. After adding excitation points between or in the surrounding areas of the blank area of ​​0-500m offset coverage, if the 0-500m offset coverage does not meet the technical requirements, manually offset the excitation points that are not deviated after automatic offset point by point until the minimum coverage meets the technical requirements;

[0065] Among them, technical requirements mainly refer to the requirements for the number of coverages. Different collection projects have different technical requirements. There is no unified standard and they can only be determined based on the actual project requirements.

[0066] In this step, when manually offsetting the excitation points that have not deviated after automatic offset, the following situations are included:

[0067] 1) The excitation point is first shifted along the vertical shot line. If the vertical shot line cannot be shifted, the parallel shot row is shifted across the beam and the excitation point is shifted to the position with the same beam number.

[0068] Among them, the bundle number refers to the number of shots along the shot line within the same bundle;

[0069] 2) The excitation point is offset along the InLine direction, by an integer multiple of the track pitch, with the maximum offset distance being twice the shot line pitch;

[0070] 3) If the excitation point cannot be offset along the Inline direction, it is offset by twice the receiving line distance along the CrossLine direction, and the excitation point is offset to the position with the same line bundle number;

[0071] 4) When neither condition 2) nor condition 3) is satisfied, the excitation point is first offset by twice the receiver line spacing along the CrossLine direction, and then offset by an integer multiple of the track spacing along the InLine direction. The maximum Inline offset distance is one shot line spacing.

[0072] 5) When obstacles prevent the deployment of excitation points, the excitation lines are increased in at least two beams along the CrossLine direction. The total number of excitation points in the area where the excitation points are deployed should theoretically not exceed the designed number of excitation points.

[0073] 6) When none of the conditions 2) to 5) are met, the excitation point is treated as a blank point;

[0074] S6. Analyze the final full offset coverage and 0-500m offset coverage, and analyze the seismic acquisition attributes. If the full offset coverage and 0-500m offset coverage meet the technical requirements, the excitation point layout work is completed. Determine the excitation factors according to the safe distance table between the excitation points and different obstacles, and design the drilling task book. If the full offset coverage or 0-500m offset coverage in a certain area does not meet the technical requirements, further explore the excitation point layout space in this area. If the coverage of this area still does not meet the technical requirements, submit a change application for this area as a special area.

[0075] This example takes a certain area in the loess mountainous region in the southwest of the Ordos Basin (denoted as area Y) as an example to verify the method for arranging earthquake excitation points in the loess mountainous region.

[0076] 1. Y area of ​​the loess mountains in the southwest of the Ordos Basin

[0077] Taking the layout of 3D seismic acquisition excitation points in the Y area of ​​the Loess Mountain in the southwest of the Ordos Basin as an example, this area spans two primary tectonic units, a slope and a depression in the basin. It is a typical loess mountain landform with complex terrain, widespread surface obstacles, developed gullies, and a high density of acquisition shot points. It is difficult to evenly layout the 3D seismic acquisition excitation points. It is necessary to improve the uniformity of the excitation points through the loess mountain seismic excitation point layout method of this embodiment, thereby improving the uniformity of the excitation points and the uniform observation quality of the 3D seismic acquisition data in this area.

[0078] II. Obstacles in the Loess Mountain Area and Determination of Safety Distances for Different Obstacles

[0079] 1) Conduct aerial photography of Area Y to obtain high-definition aerial imagery (DOM digital orthophotos) with a horizontal error of no more than 1m and an elevation error of no more than 1.5m, with rendering accuracy meeting relevant national standards and capable of clearly and accurately identifying and picking up obstacles and special terrain;

[0080] 2) Based on high-definition aerial image data, the coordinates of all obstacles that affect the layout of the excitation points within the boundary of the Y area excitation points are picked up;

[0081] 3) Based on high-definition aerial image data, the coordinates of all cliff areas and steep slope areas with a slope greater than 45 degrees within the boundary of the Y area excitation point are picked up;

[0082] 4) Based on the high-definition aerial image data, all the valleys in the Y area are taken to make the obstacle distribution map, slope map and valley distribution map of the Y area. The valley distribution map is as follows: Figure 2 As shown by Figure 2 Different colors indicate the size of the gully, and based on the size of the gully, it can be determined whether it is suitable for arranging the excitation point;

[0083] 5) Based on the project's technical design excitation plan and requirements, the seismic team's technical, safety, and outsourcing personnel jointly determined the amount of excitation charge used by well guns and controlled vibrators to ensure the safety of industrial and agricultural facilities for different types of obstacles and different safety distances, and developed a statistical table of safety distances for different obstacles, as shown in Table 1.

[0084] Table 1

[0085]

[0086] 3. Avoid obstacles and evenly distribute the excitation points according to the terrain

[0087] 1) Import the coordinates of obstacles, cliff areas with slopes greater than 45 degrees, steep slope areas, obstacle distribution maps, slope maps, gully distribution maps, and theoretical shot checkpoint coordinates into the Klseis software "Land Seismic Acquisition Design Plan." Design buffer zones based on the established safety distance table for different points and obstacles in the project. Utilize the Klseis software's automatic obstacle avoidance and offset function to automatically offset the excitation points to safe and uniform locations.

[0088] 2) To ensure uniform distribution of excitation points, the excitation point offset must strictly follow the principle of "nearest offset";

[0089] 3) Using the automatic obstacle avoidance and offset function of the Klseis software, the excitation points are preferentially offset to the valleys, and the requirements for uniform layout of the excitation points in the valleys are met;

[0090] 4. Uniform distribution of excitation points in the valley

[0091] The uniform distribution of excitation points in the valley often cannot fully meet the restrictions of the special terrain on the uniform distribution of excitation points. In order to achieve a more uniform distribution, the following steps are required to ensure the uniform distribution of excitation points:

[0092] 1) When using the automatic obstacle avoidance and offset function of the Klseis software, if the point needs to be offset due to obstacles or terrain, the excitation point should be offset to the valley first according to the principle of "nearest offset". The excitation points in the valley should first meet the uniform layout requirements. The excitation points offset to the valley should not be clustered, do not affect the uniformity of seismic acquisition attributes, and do not have excessive coverage (exceeding 15% of the designed coverage). Excitation points can be arranged on slopes and terraces with a slope of less than 45 degrees. Excitation points in the valley should meet safe construction conditions to avoid damaging nearby obstacles or causing landslides or collapses during excitation.

[0093] like Figure 3 Shown is the slope diagram of area Y and the partial enlarged display diagram. Figure 3 The size of the slope can be known, and whether to arrange the excitation point can be determined according to the size of the slope;

[0094] 3) Loess gullies can be divided into six categories: rills, shallow gullies, incised gullies, gullies, dry gullies, and river gullies. The gully types suitable for arranging excitation points are incised gullies, gullies, dry gullies, and river gullies. The characteristics of each type of gully are shown in Table 2.

[0095] Table 2

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] 4) Identify cut gullies or gullies (V-shaped gullies with a bottom width less than 2m, generally narrow and steep near the gully head, prone to collapse). For safety reasons, water drilling points are not set in such gullies. For other gullies, dry ditches, or river ditches with a bottom width greater than 2m, excitation points are set and mechanical water drilling is used.

[0099] The layout of the ditch bottom points should be based on the actual conditions. When the ditch bottom stimulating rock type is sandstone or clay, there is water and traffic is available, all water drilling stimulation points should be arranged. When there is no water in the ditch and no traffic is available, but there are traffic points at the ditch edge, water drilling stimulation points should be arranged within 500m on both sides from the ditch edge to the ditch bottom. Water drilling should be carried out by carrying water. Light pneumatic drills or other types of drilling tools should be used for the remaining sections that are not accessible to traffic.

[0100] When the lithology of the gully bottom is wet loess or clay, the lithology of the gully bottom is generally loess or clay, and the stimulating points are usually arranged, and the Luoyang shovel is used for drilling operations. When the Luoyang shovel cannot meet the well depth requirements (when 5-9 wells are stimulated in combination, the well depth H ≥ 4m), other drilling tools can be considered. Aerial photography, slope and other data are used to form a slope map of the gully slope and terrace, showing slopes and terraces with a slope of less than 45 degrees. Stimulating points are arranged in these areas, and the Luoyang shovel is used for drilling operations on typical gully platforms and slopes;

[0101] like Figure 4 The following is a schematic diagram of a typical gully platform and slope for Luoyang shovel operation at the excitation point in area Y. Figure 4 The positions shown can all be used to arrange excitation points;

[0102] 5. Add excitation points between or around the blank area of ​​0-500m offset coverage

[0103] In order to reduce or eliminate the blank area of ​​coverage times in the 0-500m offset range, it is necessary to appropriately increase the number of excitation points between or around the blank area;

[0104] 1) After automatically migrating the excitation point to a safe and uniform position, analyze the seismic acquisition attributes to obtain the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage. Analyze the full offset coverage. When the full offset coverage meets the requirements, analyze the 0-500m offset coverage.

[0105] like Figure 5 The figure shows the distribution of coverage times for 3D seismic acquisition in the Y area with an offset distance of 0-500m. The blank area in the figure is the "skylight" area.

[0106] 2) The optimal method for increasing the number of excitation points is to first analyze the observation system and determine the range of bins contributed by each excitation point in each beam. When filling the "skylight" caused by the lack of near-bias information, the bin corresponding to the "skylight" can be analyzed to which shot information is missing; Figure 6 The figure shows the location of the excitation point and the analysis diagram of the surface element pair of the three-dimensional seismic acquisition in the Y area. Figure 6 It can be seen that the relationship between the excitation point position and the corresponding surface element position is such that when adding excitation points, they should be added to positions that contribute to the number of surface element coverages.

[0107] Secondly, by simulating blasting, we analyze the contribution range of the excitation point at the corresponding position in each beam when it is close to 0-500m, determine the distance between the added point position and the "skylight" position, and supplement the missing part of the close-offset attribute; Figure 7 The figure shows the contribution range analysis of the excitation point of 3D seismic acquisition in area Y to the area element. Figure 7 It can be seen that the contribution range of the excitation point to the coverage number is 0-500m.

[0108] Then, by analyzing the number of shots that the surface element corresponding to the "skylight" is missing, the corresponding position is selected to ensure the safety of the obstacle and at the same time meet the requirements of supplementing the "skylight". The excitation points are added as the best layout position, and the number of simultaneous additions and near-bias coverage is analyzed to eliminate or reduce the "skylight" by laying out the least number of excitation points; Figure 8 The figure shows the analysis of the increase of simulated excitation points at the "skylight" in area Y. Figure 8 It can be seen that the increased excitation points can just make up for the lack of "skylight" coverage times;

[0109] According to the shape of the "skylight", try to add shots in the middle of the "skylight" in the empty shot area. If there are obstacles that prevent adding shots in the center of the "skylight", analyze the contribution range of the point position to the surface element and add points on the periphery of the "skylight". The distance should be less than the contribution range, and try to add points on the side with a larger blank area. Figure 9 The figure shows a comparison of the before and after addition of excitation points in the 3D seismic acquisition of Area Y, which shows that adding points at locations with larger blank shot areas is more conducive to reducing the "skylight" area.

[0110] Finally, the additional excitation points are designed using a single well (1 well), deep well (18-24m), and small charge (2-6kg) to ensure that the excitation energy meets the requirements of first arrival picking at close offsets.

[0111] 3) Interior Design Stimulation Points: Based on the optimal method for adding stimulation points in 2), first, perform a theoretical simulation of adding stimulation points in the empty shot area to determine the optimal method. Next, import the 0-500m offset coverage distribution map into a GlobalMapper layer, delineate all "skylight" areas in a linear form, and overlay these linear "skylight" areas onto the high-definition aerial imagery. Based on the distribution of obstacles such as houses and cave dwellings within the "skylight" areas, using cave dwellings and houses as an example, try to place stimulation points within an area 80-120m from the stimulation points. Once completed, merge these stimulation points with the original stimulation points and calculate the 0-500m offset coverage. If the "skylight" area disappears, the stimulation point design is complete. If "skylight" still exists, reduce the safe distance between the stimulation points and the houses and cave dwellings to 60m and continue to place points. Once completed, calculate the 0-500m offset coverage again until the "skylight" area is reduced or eliminated. Considering the safety of construction, no excitation points will be set up within 60m of the house cave. The coordinates of the selected excitation points will be provided to technical and agricultural personnel in KMZ file format for on-site verification.

[0112] 4) On-site verification of the excitation points. Technical personnel, in collaboration with outsourced contractors and safety personnel, conduct on-site verification of each shot. 3) Feasibility of the indoor design excitation points. Feedback on points with safety risks is sent back to the indoor location for adjustment and analysis of coverage. A second verification is conducted on the adjusted excitation points to select the optimal excitation point. Once the excitation point locations are fully determined, the indoor location should be re-analyzed for coverage at an offset distance of 0-500m to ensure that the "skylight" area is minimized or eliminated.

[0113] 5) Excitation factor design improves the uniformity of excitation point distribution. "Skylight" locations are densely populated with obstacles, and adding excitation points poses a safety hazard. To ensure safe construction, single-well, low-charge excitation is considered. For example, in the Y Area project, referring to the conclusions of previous vibration tests and combining them with actual conditions, the excitation factors for the "skylight" area were determined, as shown in Table 3.

[0114] Table 3

[0115] Motivating factors 1 port*18m*2kg 1 mouth*18m*4kg 1 port*18m*5kg 1 mouth*18m*6kg safe distance 60m 80m 100m 120m

[0116] 6) The quality control process of the implementation process of the uniform layout of the excitation points. The quality control process flow chart of the implementation process of the excitation points for 3D seismic acquisition in Area Y is as follows: Figure 10 shown.

[0117] 6. After adding excitation points between or in the surrounding areas of the blank area of ​​0-500m offset coverage, if the 0-500m offset coverage does not meet the technical requirements, manually offset the excitation points that are not deviated after automatic offset point by point to make the minimum coverage meet the uniformity technical requirements;

[0118] Manual point-by-point offsetting of excitation points that have not deviated after automatic offset includes the following situations:

[0119] 1) The excitation point is first shifted along the vertical shot line (within the beam). If the vertical shot line cannot be shifted, the parallel shot row is shifted across the beam and the excitation point is shifted to the position with the same beam number.

[0120] 2) The excitation point is offset along the InLine direction, by an integer multiple of the track pitch, with the maximum offset distance being twice the shot line pitch;

[0121] 3) If the excitation point cannot be offset along the Inline direction, it is offset by twice the receiving line distance along the CrossLine direction, and the excitation point is offset to the position with the same line bundle number;

[0122] 4) When neither condition 2) nor condition 3) is satisfied, the excitation point is first offset by twice the receiver line spacing along the CrossLine direction, and then offset by an integer multiple of the track spacing along the InLine direction. The maximum Inline offset distance is one shot line spacing.

[0123] 5) When obstacles prevent the deployment of excitation points, the excitation points are encrypted within at least two beams along the CrossLine direction. The total number of excitation points in the encrypted area theoretically does not exceed the design number of points.

[0124] 6) When none of the conditions 2) to 5) are met, the excitation point is treated as a blank point.

[0125] 7. Evaluation of the uniformity of excitation points

[0126] 1) Final coverage analysis: After the automatic offset of the excitation points, secondary offset of the unoffset excitation points, offset of the excitation point trench, and offset of the excitation points in the blank area of ​​0-500m offset coverage are completed, and the acquisition attributes are analyzed again as a whole. If the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage meet the technical requirements (the actual 3D coverage in the Loess Mountain area ≥ 85% of the theoretical coverage), the excitation point layout work is completed. The excitation factors are determined according to the table of safe distances between the excitation points and different obstacles, and the drilling task book is designed. If the full offset coverage or the 0-500m offset coverage of a certain area does not meet the technical requirements, the method of combining 3) indoor design of excitation points and 4) on-site verification of excitation points in step 5 is continued to explore the layout space. At the same time, Party A is invited to supervise the on-site joint research and addition of points. With the joint efforts of Party A and Party B, if the technical requirements are still not met, a written change application will be submitted for the area as a special area.

[0127] The coverage times of the design area shall be analyzed according to the contract requirements, and the percentage of blank areas in the total area shall be less than 2%;

[0128] 2) Punctuality Analysis

[0129] The on-point rate is defined as the ratio of the actual number of unshifted excitation points to the theoretical number of physical points in the final design excitation points. The on-point rate can also be understood as the ratio of the total area where excitation points can be deployed (the sum of the area outside the obstacle buffer zone and the area outside the influence of terrain) to the total excitation area. According to the enterprise standard, if the excitation point offset in both the inline and crossline directions is no more than one-tenth of the track distance, it is considered on-point.

[0130] Accurately identify the distance and position relationship between the excitation point and the obstacle, scientifically set the safety distance (when the excitation point is separated from the obstacle such as the house or cave, or is located under the obstacle, consider the impact of the terrain on energy attenuation and reduce the safety distance), and increase the area of ​​the excitation point. For example: use high-definition aerial images to identify valleys, optimize the safety distance for some points separated by valleys and points under obstacles, and obtain the following Figure 11 and Figure 12 The diagram shows the optimization of the safe distance between ditch points in 3D seismic acquisition in area Y and the optimization of the safe distance between points under obstacles in 3D seismic acquisition in area Y; Figure 11 An example of adding excitation points across trenches was shown, which can appropriately optimize the safety distance; Figure 12 An example of adding trigger points below obstacles is shown to optimize the safety distance appropriately;

[0131] The original horizontal safety distance of 160m for cave dwellings was optimized to 140m, and the horizontal safety distance of 140m for houses was optimized to 120m. This increased the space for point layout while ensuring construction safety and increased the proportion of punctuality.

[0132] In areas with dense obstacles, the space available for arranging excitation points can be increased by gradually reducing the amount of explosives. The increased excitation points should be arranged at the right time as much as possible to improve the punctuality rate. Figure 13 As shown, Figure 13 It shows that the increased small-dose excitation points are arranged as close to the theoretical punctual points as possible;

[0133] Figure 14 The figure shows the additional excitation points in the local area A of the Y area. Figure 14 It can be seen that the total area of ​​the local area A in the Y area is 30km 2 The total theoretical excitation points are 1891, and the total area of ​​the obstacle buffer zone is 18.3 km. 2 , accounting for 61%, and the area with a slope greater than 45° is 3.4km 2 , accounting for 11.3%, and the area of ​​excitation points that can be distributed in the ditch is 3.1km 2 The area of ​​excitation points that can be distributed on the slopes of Yuanliangmao is 5.2km 2 , accounting for 10.3%, and the total area of ​​​​distributable excitation points is 8.3km 2 , accounting for 27.7%.

[0134] It can be seen that the above method has improved the uniformity of the excitation points in the Y area of ​​the Loess Mountain in the southwest of the Ordos Basin. The initial design included 414 punctual points with an punctuality rate of 21.9%. After the addition of points, 97 new excitation points were added, totaling 511, and the punctuality rate increased to 27.02%. This ensures the uniformity of the excitation points, improves the acquisition properties, and guarantees the quality of the 3D seismic acquisition data.

[0135] Example 2: A device, equipment, and storage medium for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas

[0136] like Figure 15 As shown, this embodiment is a device for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas, comprising:

[0137] The construction area data determination module is used to pick up the coordinates of all obstacles that affect the layout of the excitation points in the construction area, the coordinates of cliff areas with a slope greater than 45°, and the coordinates of steep areas based on high-definition aerial image data, and identify all valleys in the construction area to obtain a valley distribution map;

[0138] The safety distance table module is used to determine the excitation charge used by well guns and controllable vibrators for different types of obstacles and different safety distances, and to develop safety distance tables for different obstacles;

[0139] The automatic offset module is used to import obstacle coordinates, cliff area coordinates with a slope greater than 45°, steep area coordinates, gully distribution map, and theoretical shot check point coordinates into the Klseis software. Buffer zones are designed according to different obstacle safety distance tables. The automatic obstacle avoidance offset function of the Klseis software is used to automatically offset the excitation points to a safe and uniform position.

[0140] The coverage increase module is used to automatically shift the excitation points to safe and uniform locations, analyze the seismic acquisition attributes, and obtain the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage. It then adds excitation points between or around the blank areas of the 0-500m offset coverage to enhance the coverage of the blank areas of the 0-500m offset coverage.

[0141] The manual offset module is used to add excitation points between or in the surrounding areas of the 0-500m offset coverage blank area. If the 0-500m offset coverage does not meet the technical requirements, the excitation points that are not deviated after automatic offset are manually offset point by point to ensure that the minimum coverage meets the uniformity technical requirements.

[0142] The coverage analysis module is used to analyze the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage, and analyze the seismic acquisition attributes. If the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage meet the technical requirements, the excitation point layout work is completed, the excitation factors are determined according to the safe distance table between the excitation points and different obstacles, and the drilling task book is designed. If the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage in a certain area do not meet the technical requirements, the area will be further explored for the excitation point layout space. If the area still does not meet the technical requirements, a change application will be submitted for the area as a special area.

[0143] Based on the same inventive concept, Figure 16 As shown, this embodiment also provides a computer device, including: at least a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store at least one computer program, and the at least one computer program is loaded by the processor and executes the method for arranging loess mountain earthquake excitation points in Example 1.

[0144] Based on the same inventive concept, Figure 17 As shown, this embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which is used to store at least one computer program, and the at least one computer program is used to execute the method for arranging loess mountain earthquake excitation points of Example 1.

[0145] It should be noted that a person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods.

[0146] Furthermore, it should be appreciated that the computer-readable storage media (eg, memory) herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory.

[0147] It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the disclosure herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, a general description has been given of the functions of various schematic components, blocks, modules, circuits and steps. Whether this function is implemented as software or hardware depends on specific applications and the design constraints imposed on the entire system. Those skilled in the art can implement the function in various ways for each specific application, but this implementation decision should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the disclosed scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0148] It should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art may still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Based on high-definition aerial imagery, the coordinates of all obstacles in the construction area that affect the placement of excitation points, the coordinates of cliffs with a slope greater than 45°, and the coordinates of steep areas are collected. All gullies in the construction area are identified to obtain a gully distribution map. S2. Determine the excitation charge used by well guns and vibrators for different types of obstacles and different safety distances, and develop a table of safety distances for different obstacles; S3. Import the coordinates of obstacles, cliff areas with a slope greater than 45°, steep slope areas, gully distribution maps, and theoretical shot checkpoint coordinates into the Klseis software. Design buffer zones according to the safety distance table for different obstacles. Use the automatic obstacle avoidance and offset function of the Klseis software to automatically offset the excitation points to safe and uniform positions. S4. After automatically shifting the excitation points to safe and uniform locations, analyze the seismic acquisition attributes to obtain the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage. Add excitation points between the blank areas of the 0-500m offset coverage to enhance the coverage of the blank areas of the 0-500m offset coverage. S5. After adding excitation points between the blank area of ​​0-500m offset coverage, if the 0-500m offset coverage does not meet the technical requirements, manually offset the excitation points that are not deviated after automatic offset point by point until the minimum coverage meets the technical requirements; S6. Analyze the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage. Analyze the seismic acquisition attributes. If both the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage meet the technical requirements, the excitation point layout is complete. Determine the excitation factors according to the table of safe distances between the excitation points and different obstacles, and design the drilling task book. If the full offset coverage times or the 0-500m offset coverage times of a certain area do not meet the technical requirements, the space for the distribution of excitation points in this area will be further explored. If this area still does not meet the technical requirements, a change application will be submitted for this area as a special area.

2. The method for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, when using the automatic obstacle avoidance offset function of the Klseis software, the excitation point is offset to a safe and uniform position according to the "nearest offset" principle; When using the automatic obstacle avoidance and offset function of the Klseis software, the excitation points are preferentially offset to the valley and the requirements for uniform layout of the valley excitation points are met.

3. The method for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, when manually shifting the excitation points that have not deviated after the automatic shift, the following situations are included: 1) The excitation point is first offset along the vertical shot line. If the offset along the vertical shot line cannot be offset, the parallel shot row is offset across the beam and the excitation point is offset to the position with the same beam number; 2) The excitation point is offset along the InLine direction, by an integer multiple of the track pitch, with the maximum offset distance being twice the shot line pitch; 3) If the excitation point cannot be offset along the Inline direction, it is offset by twice the receiving line distance along the CrossLine direction, and the excitation point is offset to the position with the same bundle number; 4) When neither case 2) nor case 3) is satisfied, the excitation point is offset along the CrossLine direction by twice the receiver line spacing, and then offset along the InLine direction by an integer multiple of the track spacing. The maximum InLine offset distance is one shot line spacing. 5) When obstacles prevent the deployment of excitation points, the excitation points are encrypted within at least two beams along the CrossLine direction. The total number of excitation points in the encrypted area theoretically does not exceed the designed number of excitation points. 6) When none of the conditions 2) to 5) are met, the excitation point is treated as a blank point.

4. A device for arranging earthquake excitation points in loess mountainous areas, characterized in that: include: The construction area data determination module is used to pick up the coordinates of all obstacles that affect the layout of the excitation points in the construction area, the coordinates of cliff areas with a slope greater than 45°, and the coordinates of steep areas based on high-definition aerial image data, and identify all valleys in the construction area to obtain a valley distribution map; The safety distance table module is used to determine the excitation charge used by well guns and controllable vibrators for different types of obstacles and different safety distances, and to develop safety distance tables for different obstacles; The automatic offset module is used to import obstacle coordinates, cliff area coordinates with a slope greater than 45°, steep area coordinates, gully distribution map, and theoretical shot check point coordinates into the Klseis software. Buffer zones are designed according to different obstacle safety distance tables. The automatic obstacle avoidance offset function of the Klseis software is used to automatically offset the excitation points to a safe and uniform position. The coverage increase module is used to automatically shift the excitation point to a safe and uniform position, analyze the seismic acquisition attributes, obtain the full offset coverage and the 0-500m offset coverage, and add excitation points between the blank areas of the 0-500m offset coverage to enhance the coverage of the blank areas of the 0-500m offset coverage. The manual offset module is used to add excitation points between the blank area of ​​0-500m offset coverage. If the 0-500m offset coverage does not meet the technical requirements, the excitation points that are not deviated after automatic offset are manually offset point by point to ensure that the minimum coverage meets the technical requirements. The coverage analysis module is used to analyze the coverage of full offset and 0-500m offset distances, and analyze the seismic acquisition attributes. If the coverage of full offset and 0-500m offset distances meet the technical requirements, the excitation point layout work is completed. The excitation factors are determined according to the safe distance table between the excitation points and different obstacles, and the drilling task order is designed. If the full offset coverage times and 0-500m offset coverage times of a certain area do not meet the technical requirements, the space for the distribution of excitation points in this area will be further explored. If this area still does not meet the technical requirements, a change application will be submitted for this area as a special area.

5. A computer device, characterized in that: The computer device includes a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store at least one computer program, and the at least one computer program is loaded by the processor and executed by the method for arranging loess mountain earthquake excitation points according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. A storage medium, characterized in that The storage medium is used to store at least one computer program, and the at least one computer program is used to execute the method for arranging loess mountain earthquake excitation points according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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