A multi-port antenna design method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium

Abstract

This application discloses a multi-port antenna design method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium, relating to the field of communication technology. The method includes: acquiring the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed within the design frequency band; defining an objective function for designing the multi-port antenna according to actual antenna design requirements; generating structural parameters of the multi-port antenna, and then evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters; calculating the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function; determining whether the structural parameters need to be updated based on the deviation matrix; if the structural parameters need to be updated, updating the structural parameters, and then returning to the step of evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters, until the structural parameters are determined not to need to be updated based on the deviation matrix, and then outputting the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna. This application can improve the computational speed while maintaining computational accuracy, making it suitable for practical applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a multi-port antenna design method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing frequency bands and information rates of wireless communication, the complexity of antenna system design requirements in communication systems is rising. Existing antenna system optimization methods heavily rely on the experience of antenna engineers for parameter tuning. While this is efficient for simple and relatively regular antennas, manual parameter tuning is time-consuming when the antenna structure is complex or lacks general patterns. Other methods rely on co-simulation combining electromagnetic simulation software and optimization algorithms for antenna system design, but for complex antennas, multiple calls to electromagnetic simulation software are extremely computationally and time-consuming. There are also existing methods that utilize neural networks for design, but these require a large number of training samples for pre-training the neural network, and designing the neural network structure itself is a significant challenge.

[0003] Current multiport antenna designs cannot balance computational accuracy and computational efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to provide a multi-port antenna design method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium that balances the computational accuracy and efficiency of multi-port antenna design.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, one aspect of this application proposes a multi-port antenna design method, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Obtain the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed within the design frequency band;

[0007] Define the objective function for designing the multiport antenna based on the actual antenna design requirements;

[0008] The structural parameters of the multi-port antenna are generated, and then the objective function is evaluated based on the structural parameters.

[0009] Calculate the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function;

[0010] Determine whether the structural parameters need to be updated based on the deviation matrix;

[0011] If it is determined that the structural parameters need to be updated, then the structural parameters are updated, and the process returns to the step of evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters, until it is determined that the structural parameters do not need to be updated based on the deviation matrix. Then, the current structural parameters are output as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna.

[0012] If it is determined that the structural parameters do not need to be updated, then the current structural parameters are output as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna.

[0013] In some embodiments, obtaining the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed within the design frequency band includes the following steps:

[0014] The scattering parameter matrix of the multi-port antenna to be designed at multiple frequency points in the design frequency band is obtained as the scattering parameter matrix.

[0015] The expression for the scattering parameter matrix is:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, S Tot (f) represents the scattering parameter matrix; p represents the number of actual antenna feed ports, m represents the number of auxiliary ports, and n = p + m; S Tot (f) represents the scattering parameter matrix defined across all ports of the multi-port antenna; S A (f), S B (f), S C (f) and S D (f) represents S Tot (f) The submatrix corresponding to the frequency [f1, f2];

[0018] Obtain the open-circuit electric field pattern data for each port corresponding to each frequency point within the design frequency band; wherein, the open-circuit electric field pattern of the j-th port is represented as... Ω = (θ, φ) represents the coordinates in spherical coordinates, which include θ-components and φ-components.

[0019] In some embodiments, defining the objective function for designing the multiport antenna based on actual antenna design performance requirements includes the following steps:

[0020] Based on the actual antenna design requirements, the objective function for designing the multiport antenna is defined as follows:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, |S ij (x,fk )| and |S ii (x,f k )| represent the frequency points f within the design frequency band F, respectively. k The magnitudes of the coupling coefficient and the reflection coefficient; w ij and w ii These are the corresponding weighting coefficients; t ij and t ii This is the threshold parameter; K is the total number of frequency points used to optimize impedance matching and isolation; (x) + It is an operation: for any If x ≥ 0, its value is x; otherwise, x is 0; Ω includes the set of angles in spherical coordinates; G(x,f l ,Ω) is the angle set Ω and the frequency point f l Far-field pattern E F (x,f l The function of ); w g and t g These are the weight and threshold parameters, respectively; L is the total number of frequency points in the optimized radiation pattern.

[0023] In some embodiments, generating the structural parameters of the multi-port antenna includes the following steps:

[0024] The structural parameters of the multi-port antenna are generated using the Monte Carlo method; wherein the structural parameters are in N-ary structural parameter form.

[0025] The structural parameter form of the N-ary is as follows:

[0026] x 0 ={x1,x2,...,x m},x i ∈{0,1,...,N},N≥a+b+1;

[0027] The impedance parameter corresponding to the structural parametric form of the N-ary is:

[0028]

[0029] In some embodiments, evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters includes the following steps:

[0030] The parameters involved are calculated using the structural parameters and the objective function, and then the corresponding objective function is evaluated.

[0031] The steps for evaluating the corresponding objective function include:

[0032] According to the structural parameter x 0 Determine the reflection coefficients Γ(f) at the corresponding m auxiliary ports:

[0033]

[0034] Where Z0 is the normalized impedance, set to 50 ohms; Z Li (f), i = 1, ..., m represents the load value terminated at the i-th auxiliary port;

[0035] Then, the scattering parameter matrix S corresponding to the p feed ports is calculated. F The result is:

[0036]

[0037] Next, we continue calculating the radiation pattern:

[0038] First, calculate the total port voltage vector V. +,Tot for:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, V +,F =[V0,0,...,0] T Let be the voltage vector at p feed ports, and let P be the input power at the excitation port. in Then its voltage can be expressed as Therefore, the total current of the n ports can be calculated, and the expression is:

[0041]

[0042] in, This represents the total current at all ports;

[0043] Thus, the antenna's radiation pattern E F (Ω) can be expressed using the property of linear superposition as follows:

[0044]

[0045] According to the scattering parameter matrix S F Results and the radiation pattern E F (Ω) The objective function value f(x) corresponding to the structural parameters is obtained through evaluation. i ).

[0046] In some embodiments, calculating the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function includes the following steps:

[0047] The deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function is calculated using a fast iterative algorithm based on the Woodbury matrix identity.

[0048] The fast iterative algorithm based on the Woodbury matrix identity calculates the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function, including the following steps:

[0049] For each auxiliary port, in the current structure parameter x i Evaluate the objective function value f(x) after impedance change in the following case. i Based on the N-ary structural parameter form, a total of m(N-1) evaluation calculations are performed to obtain its value and the current objective function value f(x). i The deviation is calculated by considering the deviation of t1, ..., t2, and the deviation matrix is ​​obtained; wherein the deviation matrix is ​​represented as δT = [t1, ..., t2]. m ];

[0050] Perform the following steps for each port of the multiport antenna:

[0051] Suppose we want to operate on the q-th auxiliary port, starting with the current structure parameter x. i The corresponding q-th element x q To make the change, define a change vector p as follows:

[0052] p = [0 1×(q-1) ,1,0 1×(m-q) ] T ;

[0053] Therefore, the coefficient matrix under the current perturbation is:

[0054]

[0055] in, Γ 0 Indicates the current structure parameter x i The corresponding reflection coefficient vector value, Γ 1 This represents the reflection coefficient vector value corresponding to the structural parameters formed after operating on the q-th auxiliary port;

[0056] Define an intermediate matrix M im =LS D Therefore, the intermediate matrix under the current perturbation is:

[0057] M im,q =L q -S D ;

[0058] Based on the known M im inverse matrix And calculate the matrix inverse according to the Woodbury matrix identity. for:

[0059]

[0060] in, yes The qth column; yes The qth line; yes The qth diagonal element;

[0061] According to the matrix inverse Calculate the deviation matrix δT = [t1,…,t m Each element in ].

[0062] In some embodiments, determining whether the structural parameters need to be updated based on the deviation matrix includes the following steps:

[0063] According to the aforementioned deviation matrix δT=[t1,…,t m Determine whether the structural parameter needs to be updated by checking if the minimum value of the element in the [] is less than 0.

[0064] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application provides a multi-port antenna design apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

[0065] The antenna parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed in the design frequency band.

[0066] The objective function definition unit is used to define the objective function for designing the multiport antenna according to the actual antenna design performance requirements;

[0067] The objective function evaluation unit is used to generate the structural parameters of the multi-port antenna, and then evaluate the objective function based on the structural parameters.

[0068] A deviation matrix calculation unit is used to calculate the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function;

[0069] A structural parameter determination unit is used to determine whether the structural parameters need to be updated based on the deviation matrix.

[0070] The first judgment unit is used to update the structural parameters if it is determined that the structural parameters need to be updated, and then return to the step of evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters, until it is determined that the structural parameters do not need to be updated based on the deviation matrix, and then output the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna.

[0071] The second determination unit is used to output the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna if it determines that the structural parameters do not need to be updated.

[0072] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of this application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described multiport antenna design method.

[0073] To achieve the above objectives, another aspect of the embodiments of this application proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described multiport antenna design method.

[0074] The embodiments of this application include at least the following beneficial effects:

[0075] This application can obtain the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of a multi-port antenna to be designed within the design frequency band; define the objective function for designing the multi-port antenna according to the actual antenna design requirements; generate the structural parameters of the multi-port antenna, and then evaluate the objective function based on the structural parameters; calculate the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function; determine whether the structural parameters need to be updated based on the deviation matrix; if the structural parameters need to be updated, update the structural parameters, and then return to the step of evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters, until the structural parameters are determined not to need to be updated based on the deviation matrix, and then output the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna; if the structural parameters are determined not to need to be updated, output the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna. This application iteratively updates the structural parameters based on the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed within the design frequency band, which can improve the calculation speed while maintaining calculation accuracy, making it suitable for practical applications. Attached Figure Description

[0076] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0077] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a multi-port antenna design method provided in this application embodiment;

[0078] Figure 2 An example flowchart of a multi-port antenna design method provided in this application embodiment;

[0079] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile phone multi-port antenna system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0080] Figure 4This application provides a schematic diagram illustrating the iterative convergence of the objective function value for a mobile phone multi-port antenna design.

[0081] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the scattering parameter results of the initial and optimal structural parameters of the mobile phone multi-port antenna provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0082] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the ECC results for the initial and optimal structural parameters of a mobile phone multi-port antenna provided in this application embodiment;

[0083] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a multi-port antenna design device provided in this application embodiment;

[0084] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0085] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit it. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with those of this application; they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the embodiments of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0086] It is understood that the terms “first,” “second,” etc., used in this application may be used herein to describe various concepts, but unless otherwise stated, these concepts are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one concept from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the words “if,” “when,” or “in response to a determination” as used herein may be interpreted as “when…” or “when…” or “in response to a determination.”

[0087] As used in this application, the terms "at least one", "multiple", "each", "any", etc., "at least one" includes one, two or more, "multiple" includes two or more, "each" refers to each of the corresponding multiples, and "any" refers to any one of the multiples.

[0088] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this application only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0089] To address the problem that existing technologies cannot simultaneously achieve high computational accuracy and rapid multi-port antenna design, this application provides a multi-port antenna design method that can achieve both high computational accuracy and rapid optimization calculations.

[0090] This application provides a multi-port antenna design method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. The technical solution includes: acquiring the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed within the design frequency band; defining an objective function for designing the multi-port antenna according to actual antenna design requirements; generating structural parameters of the multi-port antenna, and then evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters; calculating the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function; determining whether the structural parameters need to be updated based on the deviation matrix; if the structural parameters need to be updated, updating the structural parameters, and then returning to the step of evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters, until the structural parameters are determined not to need updating based on the deviation matrix, and then outputting the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna; if the structural parameters are determined not to need updating, then outputting the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna. This application iteratively updates the structural parameters based on the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed within the design frequency band, which can improve the calculation speed while maintaining calculation accuracy, making it suitable for practical applications.

[0091] This application provides a multi-port antenna design method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium, relating to the field of communication technology. The multi-port antenna design method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium provided in this application can be applied to terminals, servers, or software running on terminals or servers. In some embodiments, the terminal can be a smartphone, tablet, laptop, desktop computer, smart speaker, smartwatch, or vehicle terminal, but is not limited thereto; the server can be configured as an independent physical server, a server cluster or distributed system composed of multiple physical servers, or a cloud server providing basic cloud computing services such as cloud services, cloud databases, cloud computing, cloud functions, cloud storage, network services, cloud communication, middleware services, domain name services, security services, CDN, and big data and artificial intelligence platforms. The server can also be a node server in a blockchain network; the software can be an application implementing knowledge extraction methods, but is not limited to the above forms.

[0092] This application can be used in a wide variety of general-purpose or special-purpose computer system environments or configurations. Examples include: personal computers, server computers, handheld or portable devices, tablet devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and distributed computing environments including any of the above systems or devices. This application can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. This application can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected via a communication network. In distributed computing environments, program modules can reside in local and remote computer storage media, including storage devices.

[0093] Reference Figure 1 This application provides a multi-port antenna design method, which may include, but is not limited to, steps S100 to S160, as detailed below:

[0094] S100: Obtain the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed within the design frequency band.

[0095] Furthermore, S100 may include the following steps S101 to S102:

[0096] S101: Obtain the scattering parameter matrix of the multi-port antenna to be designed at multiple frequency points in the design frequency band as the scattering parameter matrix;

[0097] The expression for the scattering parameter matrix is:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, S Tot (f) represents the scattering parameter matrix; p represents the number of actual antenna feed ports, m represents the number of auxiliary ports, and n = p + m; S Tot (f) represents the scattering parameter matrix defined across all ports of the multi-port antenna; S A (f), S B (f), S C (f) and S D (f) represents S Tot (f) The submatrix corresponding to the frequency [f1, f2];

[0100] S102: Obtain the open-circuit electric field pattern data for each port corresponding to each frequency point within the design frequency band; wherein, the open-circuit electric field pattern of the j-th port is represented as... Ω = (θ, φ) represents the coordinates in spherical coordinates, which include θ-components and φ-components.

[0101] S110: Define the objective function for designing the multiport antenna based on the actual antenna design specifications.

[0102] Further, S110 may include step S111:

[0103] S111: Based on the actual antenna design requirements, the objective function for designing the multi-port antenna is defined as follows:

[0104]

[0105] Among them, |S ij (x,f k )| and |S ii (x,f k )| represent the frequency points f within the design frequency band F, respectively. k The magnitudes of the coupling coefficient and the reflection coefficient; w ij and w ii These are the corresponding weighting coefficients; t ij and t ii This is the threshold parameter; K is the total number of frequency points used to optimize impedance matching and isolation; (x) + It is an operation: for any If x ≥ 0, its value is x; otherwise, x is 0; Ω includes the set of angles in spherical coordinates; G(x,f l ,Ω) is the angle set Ω and the frequency point f l Far-field pattern E F (x,f l The function of ); w g and t g These are the weight and threshold parameters, respectively; L is the total number of frequency points in the optimized radiation pattern.

[0106] S120: Generate the structural parameters of the multi-port antenna, and then evaluate the objective function based on the structural parameters.

[0107] Further, generating the structural parameters of the multi-port antenna in S120 includes the following step S121:

[0108] S121: Generate the structural parameters of the multi-port antenna using the Monte Carlo method; wherein the structural parameters are in N-ary structural parameter form;

[0109] The structural parameter form of the N-ary is as follows:

[0110] x 0 ={x1,x2,...,x m},x i ∈{0,1,...,N},N≥a+b+ 1 ;

[0111] The impedance parameter corresponding to the structural parametric form of the N-ary is:

[0112]

[0113] Further, evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters in S120 includes the following step S122:

[0114] S122: Calculate the relevant parameters using the structural parameters and the objective function, and then evaluate the corresponding objective function;

[0115] The steps for evaluating the corresponding objective function include:

[0116] According to the structural parameter x 0 Determine the reflection coefficients Γ(f) at the corresponding m auxiliary ports:

[0117]

[0118] Where Z0 is the normalized impedance, set to 50 ohms; Z Li (f), i = 1, ..., m represents the load value terminated at the i-th auxiliary port (frequency symbol omitted in the following calculations);

[0119] Then, the scattering parameter matrix S corresponding to the p feed ports is calculated. F The result is:

[0120]

[0121] Next, we continue calculating the radiation pattern:

[0122] First, calculate the total port voltage vector V. +,Tot for:

[0123]

[0124] Among them, V +,F =[V0,0,...,0] T Let be the voltage vector at p feed ports, and let P be the input power at the excitation port. in Then its voltage can be expressed as Therefore, the total current of the n ports can be calculated, and the expression is:

[0125]

[0126] in, This represents the total current at all ports;

[0127] Thus, the antenna's radiation pattern E F (Ω) can be expressed using the property of linear superposition as follows:

[0128]

[0129] According to the scattering parameter matrix S F Results and the radiation pattern E F (Ω) The objective function value f(x) corresponding to the structural parameters is obtained through evaluation. i ).

[0130] S130: Calculate the deviation matrix of the objective function after evaluation.

[0131] Further, S130 may include step S131:

[0132] S131: Calculate the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function using a fast iterative algorithm based on the Woodbury matrix identity;

[0133] The fast iterative algorithm based on the Woodbury matrix identity calculates the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function, including the following steps:

[0134] For each auxiliary port, in the current structure parameter x i Evaluate the objective function value f(x) after impedance change in the following case. i Based on the N-ary structural parameter form, a total of m(N-1) evaluation calculations are performed to obtain its value and the current objective function value f(x). i The deviation is calculated by considering the deviation of t1, ..., t2, and the deviation matrix is ​​obtained; wherein the deviation matrix is ​​represented as δT = [t1, ..., t2]. m ];

[0135] Perform the following steps for each port of the multiport antenna:

[0136] Suppose we want to operate on the q-th auxiliary port, starting with the current structure parameter x. i The corresponding q-th element x q To make the change, define a change vector p as follows:

[0137] p = [0 1×(q-1) ,1,0 1×(m-q) ] T ;

[0138] Therefore, the coefficient matrix under the current perturbation is:

[0139]

[0140] in, Γ 0 Indicates the current structure parameter x i The corresponding reflection coefficient vector value, Γ 1 This represents the reflection coefficient vector value corresponding to the structural parameters formed after operating on the q-th auxiliary port;

[0141] Define an intermediate matrix M im =LS D Therefore, the intermediate matrix under the current perturbation is:

[0142] M im,q =L q -S D ;

[0143] Based on the known M im inverse matrix And calculate the matrix inverse according to the Woodbury matrix identity. for:

[0144]

[0145] in, yes The qth column; yes The qth line; yes The qth diagonal element;

[0146] According to the matrix inverse Calculate the deviation matrix δT = [t1,…,t m Each element in ].

[0147] S140: Determine whether the structural parameters need to be updated based on the deviation matrix.

[0148] Further, S140 may include step S141:

[0149] S141: According to the aforementioned deviation matrix δT=[t1,…,t m Determine whether the structural parameter needs to be updated by checking if the minimum value of the element in the [] is less than 0.

[0150] S150: If it is determined that the structural parameters need to be updated, then update the structural parameters, and then return to the step of evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters, until it is determined that the structural parameters do not need to be updated based on the deviation matrix, and then output the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna.

[0151] For example, in this embodiment, the structural parameters can be updated based on the perturbation vector corresponding to the element whose minimum value is less than 0.

[0152] S160: If it is determined that the structural parameters do not need to be updated, the current structural parameters are output as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna.

[0153] The following section will provide a detailed introduction and explanation of the solutions in the embodiments of this application, using specific application examples.

[0154] Reference Figure 2 This embodiment provides an example flowchart of a multi-port antenna design method.

[0155] Specifically, this embodiment may include the following steps:

[0156] Step S1: Obtain the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed.

[0157] For example, the scattering parameter matrix of the multi-port antenna to be designed within the design frequency band includes a series of scattering parameter matrices S corresponding to a series of frequency points within the design frequency band. Tot (f) etc., as shown in equation (1).

[0158]

[0159] In equation (1), p represents the number of actual antenna feed ports, and m represents the number of auxiliary ports. Therefore, n = p + m, S Tot (f) represents the scattering parameter matrix defined between all ports of the antenna structure. A (f), S B (f), S C (f) and S D (f) represents S Tot (f) The submatrix corresponding to the frequency [f1,f2].

[0160] The open-circuit electric field pattern data includes the open-circuit electric field pattern data for each port at each frequency point within the corresponding design frequency band, where the open-circuit electric field pattern of the j-th port can be represented as... Where Ω=(θ,φ) represents the coordinates in spherical coordinates, which include θ-components and φ-components.

[0161] In an optional example, refer to Figure 3 The mobile phone antenna consists of a ground plane printed on an FR-4 substrate and a 5mm high metal frame. The FR-4 substrate is 1mm thick, and the overall dimensions of the phone are 149×74×6mm. 3 The dual-port antenna is integrated at the top of the mobile phone platform. Ports are added at discontinuities and along the ground clearance, with a distance of 2mm between adjacent ports. The rest of the frame is fully grounded. There are 14 and 15 ports along the frame and ground clearance, respectively, for a total of n = 29 ports. Discrete ports 1 and 2 are defined as feed ports, so there are p = 2 feed ports and m = 27 auxiliary ports. The design frequency band is 1.8GHz-2GHz to cover the mobile communication frequency bands of 1850-1910MHz and 1920-1980MHz. The scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data for the corresponding frequency band are obtained through an electromagnetic simulation.

[0162] Step S2: Define the objective function form of the desired optimization design, and use the Monte Carlo method to generate the initial optimization structure vector x. 0 And calculate the defined objective function value f(x) i ).

[0163] The objective function for the desired optimization design is defined as follows:

[0164]

[0165] In equation (2), |S ij (x,f k )| and |S ii (x,f k )| represent the frequency points f within the design frequency band F, respectively. k The magnitudes of the coupling coefficient and the reflection coefficient. ij and w ii These are the corresponding weighting coefficients, each with a value of 1. t ij and t ii It is the threshold parameter where t ii =-6dB is used for impedance matching design requirements, t ij = -15dB for high isolation design requirements. K is the total number of frequencies used to optimize impedance matching and isolation, which is 201, (x) + It is an operation: if x ≥ 0, its value is x; otherwise, it is 0. Ω includes the set of angles in spherical coordinates. ECC(x,f) l ,Ω) is at a specific location Ω and frequency point f l E below F (x,f l The function of ) is represented as:

[0166]

[0167] w g and t g These are the weight and threshold parameters, respectively, 5 and 0; L is the total number of frequency points in the radiation pattern, with a value of 3, corresponding to 1.8, 1.9, and 2.0 GHz.

[0168] The structural parameter form of 22-ary is defined as follows:

[0169] x 0 ={x1,x2,...,x m},x i ∈{0,1,...,N},N≥a+b+ 1 ;

[0170] The corresponding impedance parameters are:

[0171]

[0172] In this example, 22 impedance states are selected: open circuit, short circuit, 10 types of capacitance, and 10 types of inductance. The value range of each element in the structural parameters is 0-21.

[0173] Generate an initial structure parameter x using the Monte Carlo method. 0 The parameters involved are calculated using the objective function form, thereby evaluating the corresponding objective function f(x). i );

[0174] Evaluate the corresponding objective function f(x) i The steps are as follows:

[0175] Given x 0 Determine the reflection coefficient Γ(f) at the corresponding 27 auxiliary ports:

[0176]

[0177] In equation (3), Z0 is the normalized impedance, which is generally set to 50 ohms. Li (f), i = 1, ..., m represents the load value terminated at the i-th auxiliary port. (Frequency symbols are omitted in the following calculations).

[0178] Therefore, the scattering parameter matrix S between the two corresponding feed ports can be calculated. F The result is:

[0179]

[0180] Next, we continue calculating the radiation pattern:

[0181] First, calculate the total port voltage vector V. +,Totfor:

[0182]

[0183] Where V +,F =[V0,0] T Let be the voltage vector at the two feed ports, and assume the input power at the excitation port is P. in Then its voltage can be expressed as Therefore, the total current of the 29 ports can be calculated, and its expression is:

[0184]

[0185] in This represents the total current at all ports.

[0186] Therefore, the radiation pattern of the antenna can be expressed using the property of linear superposition as follows:

[0187]

[0188] Therefore, the corresponding objective function value f(x) can be evaluated using the results calculated by equations (4) and (7). i ).

[0189] Step S3: Calculate the objective function deviation matrix δT = [t1,…,t] using a fast iterative algorithm based on the Woodbury matrix identity. m ].

[0190] For each auxiliary port, in the current structure parameter x i Evaluate the objective function value f(x) after impedance change in the following case. i Since it is a 22-ary optimization, there are a total of 27 × 21 = 567 calculations to obtain its value and the current objective function value f(x). i The deviation of ) is used to obtain the objective function deviation matrix δT=[t1,…,t m ];

[0191] The maximum computational complexity of equations (4) and (7) stems from If the complexity of this inversion operation can be reduced, the objective function value can be evaluated quickly.

[0192] The operation is similar for each port. The following describes the calculation for one port, assuming the operation is performed on the q-th auxiliary port:

[0193] First, let's consider the current structure parameter x. i The corresponding q-th element x q To make the change, define a change vector p as follows:

[0194] p = [0 1×(q-1) ,1,0 1×(m-q) ] T ;

[0195] Therefore, the coefficient matrix under the current perturbation can be represented as:

[0196]

[0197] in, Γ 0 Indicates the current structure parameter x i The corresponding reflection coefficient vector value is calculated using equation (3); Γ 1 This represents the reflection coefficient vector value corresponding to the structural parameters formed after operating on the q-th auxiliary port.

[0198] Define an intermediate matrix M im =LS D This indicates that the intermediate matrix under the current perturbation is M. im,q =L q -S D .

[0199] If M is known im inverse matrix According to the Woodbury matrix identity, It can be calculated quickly, as follows:

[0200]

[0201] In equation (9) yes The qth column, The qth row, yes The qth diagonal element.

[0202] Therefore, only one matrix inverse calculation is needed, and the deviation matrix of the objective function is δT = [t1,…,t]. m Each element in the calculation can be rapidly computed based on the result, greatly reducing computational complexity.

[0203] Step S4: Determine whether min(δT) < 0 is true. If it is, update the corresponding structure variable value and repeat the above operation; otherwise, output the structure parameter.

[0204] Determine if the minimum value in δT is less than 0. If the minimum value in δT is less than 0, update the structure parameters based on the perturbation vector corresponding to its element, and obtain x. i+1 Then repeat steps S3 and S4; if the minimum value in δT is greater than or equal to 0, output the current structural parameter x. iThe final structural parameters of the multiport antenna are then used to conclude the steps of this embodiment.

[0205] For example, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the iterative convergence of the objective function value for designing a multi-port antenna for a mobile phone in this embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the scattering parameter results of the initial and optimal structural parameters of the mobile phone multi-port antenna designed in this embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the ECC results for the initial and optimal structural parameters of the mobile phone multi-port antenna designed in this embodiment.

[0206] The beneficial effects of this embodiment include:

[0207] The multi-port antenna design method provided in this embodiment can improve the calculation speed while maintaining the calculation accuracy, making it suitable for practical applications.

[0208] Reference Figure 7 This application also provides a multi-port antenna design apparatus that can implement the above-described multi-port antenna design method. The apparatus includes:

[0209] The antenna parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed in the design frequency band.

[0210] The objective function definition unit is used to define the objective function for designing the multiport antenna according to the actual antenna design performance requirements;

[0211] The objective function evaluation unit is used to generate the structural parameters of the multi-port antenna, and then evaluate the objective function based on the structural parameters.

[0212] A deviation matrix calculation unit is used to calculate the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function;

[0213] A structural parameter determination unit is used to determine whether the structural parameters need to be updated based on the deviation matrix.

[0214] The first judgment unit is used to update the structural parameters if it is determined that the structural parameters need to be updated, and then return to the step of evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters, until it is determined that the structural parameters do not need to be updated based on the deviation matrix, and then output the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna.

[0215] The second determination unit is used to output the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna if it determines that the structural parameters do not need to be updated.

[0216] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to the present device embodiments. The specific functions implemented by the present device embodiments are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0217] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the aforementioned multi-port antenna design method. This electronic device can be any smart terminal, including tablet computers, in-vehicle computers, etc.

[0218] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this device embodiment. The specific functions implemented by this device embodiment are the same as those of the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved by the above method embodiments.

[0219] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 The hardware structure of an electronic device according to another embodiment is illustrated. The electronic device includes:

[0220] The processor 801 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0221] The memory 802 can be implemented as a read-only memory (ROM), static storage device, dynamic storage device, or random access memory (RAM). The memory 802 can store the operating system and other application programs. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 802 and called and executed by the processor 801 according to an embodiment of this application for a multi-port antenna design method.

[0222] The 803 input / output interface is used to implement information input and output.

[0223] The communication interface 804 is used to enable communication and interaction between this device and other devices. Communication can be achieved through wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0224] Bus 805 transmits information between various components of the device (e.g., processor 801, memory 802, input / output interface 803, and communication interface 804);

[0225] The processor 801, memory 802, input / output interface 803, and communication interface 804 are connected to each other within the device via bus 805.

[0226] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described multiport antenna design method.

[0227] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this storage medium embodiment. The specific functions implemented in this storage medium embodiment are the same as those in the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved in the above method embodiments.

[0228] Memory, as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-transitory software programs and non-transitory computer-executable programs. Furthermore, memory may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, memory may optionally include memory remotely located relative to the processor, and these remote memories can be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0229] The embodiments described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of technology and the emergence of new application scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0230] Those skilled in the art will understand that the technical solutions shown in the figures do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application, and may include more or fewer steps than shown, or combine certain steps, or different steps.

[0231] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0232] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or some of the steps in the methods disclosed above, as well as the functional modules / units in the systems and devices, can be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or suitable combinations thereof.

[0233] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0234] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "more than" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: only A exists, only B exists, and both A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0235] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of the units described above is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0236] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0237] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0238] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes multiple instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing programs, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0239] The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this does not limit the scope of the claims of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and substance of the embodiments of the present application shall be within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-port antenna design method, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Obtain the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed within the design frequency band; Define the objective function for designing the multiport antenna based on the actual antenna design requirements; The structural parameters of the multi-port antenna are generated, and then the objective function is evaluated based on the structural parameters. Calculate the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function; Determine whether the structural parameters need to be updated based on the deviation matrix; If it is determined that the structural parameters need to be updated, then the structural parameters are updated, and the process returns to the step of evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters, until it is determined that the structural parameters do not need to be updated based on the deviation matrix. Then, the current structural parameters are output as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna. If it is determined that the structural parameters do not need to be updated, then the current structural parameters are output as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna. The process of generating the structural parameters of the multi-port antenna includes the following steps: The structural parameters of the multi-port antenna are generated using the Monte Carlo method; wherein the structural parameters are in N-ary structural parameter form. The structural parameter form of the N-ary is as follows: ； The impedance parameter corresponding to the structural parametric form of the N-ary is: ； The evaluation of the objective function based on the structural parameters includes the following steps: The parameters involved are calculated using the structural parameters and the objective function, and then the corresponding objective function is evaluated. The steps for evaluating the corresponding objective function include: According to the structural parameters Determine the corresponding Reflection coefficient at each auxiliary port : ； in, This is the normalized impedance, set to 50 ohms; Representing the The load value terminated at each auxiliary port; Then calculate the corresponding Scattering parameter matrix of each feed port The result is: ； in, , , and represent In frequency The corresponding submatrix; This represents the scattering parameter matrix defined among all ports on the multiport antenna; Next, we continue calculating the radiation pattern: First, calculate the total port voltage vector. for: ； in, ,for The voltage vector at each feed port, if the input power at the excitation port is Then its voltage can be expressed as Thus, the calculation is obtained The total current at each port is expressed as: ； in, This represents the total current at all ports; Thus, the antenna's radiation pattern Using the property of linear superposition, it can be expressed as: ； According to the scattering parameter matrix Results and the radiation pattern The objective function values ​​corresponding to the structural parameters were obtained through evaluation. The open-circuit electric field pattern of the j-th port is represented as follows: ; The calculation of the deviation matrix of the objective function after evaluation includes the following steps: The deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function is calculated using a fast iterative algorithm based on the Woodbury matrix identity. The fast iterative algorithm based on the Woodbury matrix identity calculates the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function, including the following steps: For each auxiliary port, under the current structural parameters Evaluate the objective function value after impedance change in the following case. Based on the structural parameter form of N-ary, the total The next evaluation calculation obtains its value compared to the current objective function value. The deviation is calculated to obtain the deviation matrix; wherein the deviation matrix is ​​represented as... ; Perform the following steps for each port of the multiport antenna: Suppose we want to operate on the q-th auxiliary port, starting with the current structure parameters. The corresponding q-th element To perform the change, define a change vector. as follows: ； Therefore, the coefficient matrix under the current perturbation is: ； in, , Indicates the current structure parameters The corresponding reflection coefficient vector value, This represents the reflection coefficient vector value corresponding to the structural parameters formed after operating on the q-th auxiliary port; Define an intermediate matrix Therefore, the intermediate matrix under the current perturbation is: ； According to known inverse matrix And, according to the Woodbury matrix identity, calculate the matrix inverse. for: ； in, yes The List; yes The OK; yes The One diagonal element; According to the matrix inverse Calculate the deviation matrix Each element in; The step of determining whether the structural parameters need to be updated based on the deviation matrix includes the following steps: According to the deviation matrix The minimum value of the element is used to determine whether the structural parameter needs to be updated.

2. The multi-port antenna design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed within the design frequency band includes the following steps: Obtain the scattering parameter matrix of the multi-port antenna to be designed at multiple frequency points within the design frequency band; The expression for the scattering parameter matrix is: ； Obtain the open-circuit electric field pattern data for each port corresponding to each frequency point within the design frequency band; Represents coordinates expressed in a spherical coordinate system, said coordinates including - Components and - Components.

3. The multi-port antenna design method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of defining the objective function for designing the multi-port antenna based on actual antenna design specifications includes the following steps: Based on the actual antenna design requirements, the objective function for designing the multiport antenna is defined as follows: ； in, and They represent the design frequency bands respectively. frequency points within The magnitudes of the coupling coefficient and the reflection coefficient; and These are the corresponding weighting coefficients; and It is a threshold parameter; It is the total number of frequency points used to optimize impedance matching and isolation; It is an operation: for any ,if Its value is ,otherwise h =0; Includes the set of coordinates in spherical coordinates; In the coordinate set and frequency point Far-field pattern The function; and These are the weight and threshold parameters, respectively; To optimize the total number of frequency points in the radiation pattern.

4. A multi-port antenna design device, characterized in that, The apparatus is used to implement the multiport antenna design method as described in claim 1, the apparatus comprising: The antenna parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire the scattering parameter matrix and open-circuit electric field pattern data of the multi-port antenna to be designed in the design frequency band. The objective function definition unit is used to define the objective function for designing the multiport antenna according to the actual antenna design performance requirements; The objective function evaluation unit is used to generate the structural parameters of the multi-port antenna, and then evaluate the objective function based on the structural parameters. A deviation matrix calculation unit is used to calculate the deviation matrix of the evaluated objective function; A structural parameter determination unit is used to determine whether the structural parameters need to be updated based on the deviation matrix. The first judgment unit is used to update the structural parameters if it is determined that the structural parameters need to be updated, and then return to the step of evaluating the objective function based on the structural parameters, until it is determined that the structural parameters do not need to be updated based on the deviation matrix, and then output the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna. The second determination unit is used to output the current structural parameters as the design parameters of the multi-port antenna if it determines that the structural parameters do not need to be updated.

5. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement a multi-port antenna design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a multiport antenna design method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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