Intelligent well lid with high-reliability wireless communication

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of telecommunication, and relates to an intelligent well lid with high-reliability wireless communication, which comprises a sensor unit, a communication unit and a control scheduling unit, and is characterized in that the communication unit comprises a metropolitan area network communication module and a private communication protocol module; and when the metropolitan area network communication module of the smart well lid cannot access the metropolitan area network or detects that the peripheral Internet of Things equipment has an ad-hoc network request, the private communication protocol module is started. The private communication protocol module adopts a non-connection mode, so that the communication distance can be increased, and the communication cost is reduced; according to the communication network topology mode, one wireless Internet of Things device corresponds to n data gateways, even if most of the data gateways are damaged, return of emergency and alarm information cannot be affected, and the reliability of Internet of Things data transmission in the emergency state can be effectively improved. According to the communication unit, only the metropolitan area network communication module and the private communication protocol module need to be arranged at the same time, the cost can be controlled, and the reliability of data communication can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electrical communication technology, and in particular to a smart manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication. Background Art

[0002] Manholes are an indispensable and important component in modern cities. They are important facilities that connect the ground with underground pipelines and underground facilities. These underground infrastructures usually belong to different departments, such as communications, power supply, gas, water supply, drainage, national defense, etc. The biggest feature of manholes is that they are huge in number, and they are often located on roads and along them. As a key component to protect manholes and the safety of personnel and vehicles, the importance of manhole covers is self-evident. Since these manhole covers are exposed on the surface, they are susceptible to human disturbance and vehicle crushing, and various diseases may occur at any time, including missing, damaged, displaced, vibrated, subsided, bulged, height difference of manhole covers, damage around the wells, disordered manhole covers, and no anti-fall function. In addition, manhole covers play an irreplaceable role in shielding and protecting the underground entrances of manholes, but at the same time they also block the communication between the ground world and the underground world, making it difficult for us to easily know any information about the underground pipe gallery under the manholes.

[0003] Therefore, in order to ensure real-time monitoring of manhole covers, the currently used technology is to add sensors to the manhole covers and use wireless communication to transmit data; for example, the "A manhole cover monitoring system" disclosed in the publication (announcement) number: CN110197567A, its technical solution highlights include a manhole cover terminal arranged in the manhole and a manhole cover monitoring platform arranged outside the manhole, the manhole cover terminal and the manhole cover monitoring platform are interconnected through a wireless communication network; the manhole cover terminal is wired to an energy supply and multiple sensors, and when the detection value of the corresponding sensor deviates from the set value, the manhole cover terminal sends a corresponding alarm message to the manhole cover monitoring platform; the manhole cover monitoring platform sets different numbers for each manhole cover terminal fixed in the manhole cover and performs unified classification management. The present invention has the function of receiving the detection value of the sensor through the manhole cover terminal and comparing it with the corresponding set value, and sending corresponding alarm information to the manhole cover monitoring platform when the detection value deviates from the set value; the manhole covers provided with the manhole cover terminal are numbered respectively, which is convenient for effective management of the manhole covers and enables the manhole cover monitoring platform to monitor the manhole cover terminal in real time.

[0004] At present, the wireless communication of manhole covers is usually achieved through interconnection under the Internet of Things model. The types of traditional Internet of Things communications are as follows: Metropolitan area network communication: Supports 4G (fourth generation mobile communication technology) and 5G (fifth generation mobile communication technology) IoT communications through operator networks such as NBIOT (Narrowband IoT), 4G CAT1 (Category 1LTE, a low-speed IoT communication technology). Domestic operators are divided into China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom.

[0005] Near Field Communication: Supports WIFI (a wireless LAN communication technology based on IEEE 802.11 standard), Bluetooth, Zigbee (a low-power, low-rate wireless communication technology based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard), 433 (a wireless communication technology based on 433MHz frequency band), LoRA (Long Range, a low-power, long-distance wireless communication technology) and other near-field IoT communications.

[0006] Traditional IoT devices usually have one or more communication modules built in. When communicating, they need to rely on specific external communication relay nodes to achieve data communication between field terminals and data dispatch centers. Different types of communication modules correspond to different communication relay nodes. Different types of communication modules are applicable to different scenarios and scopes.

[0007] The communication architecture of traditional IoT devices usually includes three parts: IoT terminal (including communication module), communication relay node, and data dispatch center. Usually, the data transmission volume is small, but the data must be transmitted back to the data dispatch center in a timely manner. In the event of sudden disasters (earthquakes, fires, man-made damage, etc.) or specific interference, once the communication environment corresponding to the communication module is abnormal (communication module is damaged, communication relay node is abnormal, spectrum resources are occupied and communication is impossible, etc.), the communication module will not be able to achieve data communication.

[0008] In order to improve the reliability of communication, IoT terminals usually adopt the method of configuring multiple communication modules. Reliability is increased by improving the redundancy of communication channels. However, due to the characteristics of IoT terminals themselves, equipment (such as manhole covers) is limited by volume, power consumption, cost, etc., and it is impossible to equip all communication modules at the same time. Usually only one or several are selected. Although reliability has improved, it will greatly increase the production cost (price, volume) and use cost (power consumption) of IoT terminals. Moreover, when encountering large-scale disasters, communication guarantee is still not ideal. It often happens that even if there are other types of communication nodes that can work, due to different communication methods, traditional IoT devices cannot use these working nodes to transmit data back.

[0009] Based on this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a smart manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication, and its technical solution is as follows: A smart manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication, comprising: The sensor unit is used to collect status data of the smart manhole cover itself and its surrounding environment; A communication unit, including a metropolitan area network communication module and a near field communication module; Control the dispatching unit to detect the operating status of the sensor unit and the communication unit at any time; A data dispatch center will be built in the cloud, and the status data of the smart manhole cover collected by the sensor unit will be uploaded to the data dispatch center through the communication unit for analysis and judgment; The communication unit also includes a private communication protocol module; Under normal circumstances, the MAN communication module of the smart manhole cover is connected to the MAN through the operator network; When the metropolitan area network communication module of the smart manhole cover cannot access the metropolitan area network, or when it is detected that the surrounding IoT devices have self-organizing network requests, the private communication protocol module is started to network between devices, and at the same time, a self-organizing network request is sent to the IoT devices around the smart manhole cover (including other smart manhole covers); After the self-organizing network is established, the IoT devices confirm the information export through the interactive protocol; the IoT devices in the self-organizing network access the operator network through the information export; When all IoT devices in the ad hoc network have no information export, all IoT devices in the network will continue to send networking requests to IoT devices around the smart manhole cover; After emergency personnel enter the networking area with a dedicated communication computer or a dedicated handheld communication terminal, they access the ad hoc network and provide a virtual information outlet for the ad hoc network to realize the recovery and collection of information data of all IoT devices in the ad hoc network; When the operator's network is restored, the IoT devices in the ad hoc network will exit the ad hoc network state one after another through a weighted algorithm and resume normal operation.

[0011] Furthermore, the private communication protocol module adopts a non-connection mode, and the communication network topology mode is that one wireless Internet of Things device corresponds to n data gateways, where n is an integer greater than 1.

[0012] Furthermore, the private communication protocol module adopts half-duplex mode, works in two states of data sending and data listening, and switches states under the scheduling of the control scheduling unit; when the co-channel interference intensity detected by the private communication protocol module is lower than the second threshold, it sends data; when the co-channel interference intensity detected by the private communication protocol module is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the back-off algorithm is enabled.

[0013] Furthermore, when the private communication protocol module is in a data sending state, the private communication protocol module works as a terminal device; when the private communication protocol module is in a data listening state, the private communication protocol module works as a data gateway device.

[0014] Furthermore, when the smart manhole cover works normally, the metropolitan area network communication module serves as the main communication mode, and the private communication protocol module serves as the auxiliary communication mode; The metropolitan area network communication module is responsible for the normal transmission of IoT data and command reception; The private communication protocol module is responsible for sending the device information of the smart manhole cover to the IoT devices around the smart manhole cover that support the private protocol loaded by the private communication protocol module at regular intervals. The device information of the smart manhole cover is the status data of the smart manhole cover itself and the surrounding environment; at the same time, it listens to the information sent by the surrounding IoT devices; when the information sent by the surrounding IoT devices is in normal state, the device information of the smart manhole cover is ignored; In an emergency, once the network communication of the metropolitan area network communication module is affected and fails, there are three modes: The first working mode: Device A is one of the smart manhole covers. The metropolitan area network communication module of device A fails, and the on-site information cannot be transmitted back. 1.1. After the control and dispatching unit of device A detects that the metropolitan area network communication module has a fault, it generates an alarm message Ma; 1.2. The alarm information Ma is sent through the private communication protocol module of device A; 1.3. Another smart manhole cover around device A is called device B. Device B receives the alarm information Ma through a private communication protocol module. If the communication line of the metropolitan area network communication module of device B is normal, device B packages the alarm information Ma into bMa information, and sends the bMa information to the data dispatch center of device B through the metropolitan area network communication module of device B, and then forwards it to the data dispatch center of device A. 1.4. After the alarm information Ma is packaged into bMa information, the distance from device A to other devices and the location of device A are calculated through the positioning algorithm according to the generation time stamp of the data packet; The second working mode: After the control and dispatching unit of the B device detects that the metropolitan area network communication module fails, it generates an alarm message Mb; the metropolitan area network communication module of the A device works normally. If the alarm message Mb sent by the B device is received through the private communication protocol module: 2.1. Device A processes the alarm information Mb into aMb information; 2.2. Device A transmits the aMb information to the data dispatch center of device A through the metropolitan area network communication module of device A; 2.3. The data dispatch center of device A then forwards the aMb information to the data dispatch center of device B, which decodes and processes it. The third working mode: When the metropolitan area network communication module of device A fails, but the alarm information Mb sent by device B is received through the private communication protocol module: 3.1. Device A processes the alarm information Mb into new alarm information MaMb; 3.2. Send the new alarm information MaMb to the periphery of device A through the private communication protocol module of device A; 3.3. Device C is another smart manhole cover around device A. Device C around device A receives new alarm information MaMb through a private communication protocol module. If the communication lines of device C are normal, device C packages the new alarm information MaMb into cMaMb information, and sends the cMaMb information to the data dispatching center of device C through the metropolitan area network communication module of device C for analysis. After analysis, it is forwarded to the data dispatching center of device A and the data dispatching center of device B respectively.

[0015] Furthermore, the information transmission method of the private communication protocol module includes a private protocol data sending step and a private protocol data receiving step; 1. The steps for sending private protocol data are as follows: 1.1. The control and dispatching unit and the communication unit corresponding to the smart manhole cover at the sending end use the SPI interface for two-way communication; 1.2. Each communication unit has an independent address, which is globally unique; 1.3. The control and dispatching unit is in working state after power-on, and the communication unit is in receiving mode; 1.4. When information needs to be sent, the control scheduling unit encodes the information to be sent according to the protocol format, and fills the address of the private communication protocol module into the specified position of the data packet as the source address of the information, and notifies the private communication protocol module of the communication unit to prepare for sending; 1.5. The communication unit sets the sending parameters to the broadcast mode and informs the control scheduling unit through the SPI interface that the setting is completed; 1.6. The control scheduling unit sends the encoded data packet to the communication unit through the SPI interface; 1.7. Before sending, the communication unit listens to the busyness of the air interface signal; if the air interface is busy, the yield algorithm is enabled and the unit listens again after a period of time; If the air interface is idle, the encoded data packet is sent out in broadcast mode; 1.8. After the transmission is completed, the communication unit notifies the control scheduling unit that the transmission is successful, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state; 1.9. If the air interface is continuously busy and unable to send, the communication unit notifies the control and scheduling unit of the failure to send, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state, waiting for the following instructions from the control and scheduling unit; 2. The steps for receiving private protocol data are as follows: 2.1. The control and dispatching unit and the communication unit corresponding to the smart manhole cover at the receiving end use the SPI interface for two-way communication; 2.2. Each communication unit has an independent address, which is globally unique; 2.3. The control and dispatching unit is in working state after being powered on, and the communication unit is in receiving mode; 2.4. The communication unit only responds to broadcast data transmitted over the air interface and data whose destination address is its own address; 2.5. After the communication unit receives the data packet sent to the local machine, it transmits it to the control scheduling unit via SPI; 2.5. The control and scheduling unit is responsible for data decoding and processing, and the communication unit continues to be in the listening mode.

[0016] Furthermore, the smart manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication also includes a data storage module for storing data.

[0017] Furthermore, the smart manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication also includes a power supply unit for supplying power to the sensor unit, the communication unit and the control and scheduling unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the sensor unit includes but is not limited to a tilt sensor, a pressure sensor, a vibration sensor, an acoustic wave sensor, and a laser rangefinder.

[0019] Furthermore, under normal circumstances, the smart manhole cover communicates with the data dispatching center through the metropolitan area network communication module, and at the same time, detects signals from the surrounding environment through the private protocol of the private communication protocol module.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The communication unit of the smart manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication described in the present invention only needs to have two communication modules: a metropolitan area network communication module and a private communication protocol module. This can not only control the production cost and use cost of the equipment, but also maximize the reliability of data communication.

[0021] 2. The Internet of Things network constructed by the present invention is based on the public Internet of Things. The data dispatching centers of different Internet of Things devices may be different, but as long as the Internet of Things devices are finally connected to the public Internet of Things, they can communicate with the data dispatching center.

[0022] 3. When the metropolitan area network communication modules of smart manhole covers within a certain range can be communication modules of different operators and types, the more types of metropolitan area network communication modules there are within the range and the greater the differences, the higher the communication reliability of the entire area.

[0023] 4. The private communication protocol module of the present invention adopts a non-connection mode, which can increase the communication distance and reduce the communication cost; the communication network topology mode is changed from the traditional n-to-1 mode or 1-to-1 mode to the 1-to-n mode or n-to-n mode unique to the private protocol; that is, one wireless Internet of Things device / terminal corresponds to n data gateways, and even if most of the data gateways are damaged, it will not affect the return of emergency and alarm information. The above two improvements can effectively improve the reliability of Internet of Things data transmission in emergency situations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0025] A smart manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication (smart manhole cover for short) has a control and dispatching unit, a communication unit, a sensor unit, and a power supply unit, all of which can be directly embedded in the smart manhole cover. On the one hand, the built-in sensor unit of the smart manhole cover collects the status data of the smart manhole cover in a timely manner, uploads it to the data dispatching center through the communication unit for analysis and judgment, and promptly handles any problems found. On the other hand, the communication unit of the smart manhole cover can be used as a communication relay to realize wireless communication between various IoT devices on the ground and underground nearby and the data dispatching center and mobile devices. For example: city managers can obtain various information about underground pipe corridors at any time through the smart manhole cover of the present invention, including temperature and humidity in the manhole, whether the concentration of combustible gases exceeds the standard, whether the toxic and harmful gases exceed the standard, water level and flow rate, whether there is blockage, etc.

[0026] The communication unit is embedded in the smart manhole cover and can communicate wirelessly with an external communication base station.

[0027] The control and dispatching unit is embedded in the smart manhole cover. The control and dispatching unit can directly collect the status data of the smart manhole cover collected by the sensor unit, and can also connect to external sensor equipment through wireless communication to realize data transmission.

[0028] The power supply unit is embedded in the smart manhole cover. The internal power supply of the power supply unit will ensure that it can continue to work for a certain period of time when the external power supply fails.

[0029] The status data of the smart manhole cover itself and its surrounding environment collected by the built-in sensor unit include but are not limited to temperature, breakage, deformation, tilt, displacement, vibration, etc. The sensors used are as follows: Inclination sensor: It can detect the change of the tilt angle of the smart manhole cover to determine whether it is damaged or shifted. For example, when the tilt angle of the smart manhole cover exceeds the set first threshold (such as 20°), an alarm will be triggered and the time will be recorded.

[0030] Pressure sensor: used to monitor the pressure changes on the smart manhole cover, so as to determine whether it is broken or damaged due to external force.

[0031] Vibration sensor: By detecting abnormal vibrations of the smart manhole cover, it can determine whether it has been hit or moved, and thus infer whether the manhole cover is damaged.

[0032] Acoustic wave sensor: By analyzing the changes in sound signals around the smart manhole cover, it can determine whether an impact or other abnormal conditions have occurred.

[0033] Laser rangefinder: Determine whether the manhole cover is damaged or lost by measuring the change in distance between the smart manhole cover and the load-bearing plate.

[0034] The communication unit also includes NFC (Near Field Communication, a short-range wireless communication technology) communication: each smart manhole cover has a special NFC tag (a near-field communication module), which can record and store the unique identification number and information of the smart manhole cover (location, function, environment, parameters, etc.), and can be read by mobile phones, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), special readers and other devices with NFC reading function. Example 2

[0035] The core of the present invention is the Internet of Things communication of the communication unit, which adopts the Internet of Things communication under the private protocol, as follows: 1) Under normal circumstances, the communication unit of the smart manhole cover will be connected to the metropolitan area network through the operator network; 2) When the communication unit of the smart manhole cover cannot access the metropolitan area network, or when it is detected that the surrounding IoT devices have self-organizing network requests, the private protocol is started to network between devices, independently establish an inter-network network, and send self-organizing network requests to the IoT devices around the smart manhole cover; 3) After the self-organizing network is established, the IoT devices confirm the information export (it can be one export or multiple exports) through the interactive protocol; the IoT devices in the self-organizing network access the operator network through the information export; 4) When all IoT devices in the ad hoc network have no information export, all IoT devices in the network will continue to send networking requests to IoT devices around the smart manhole cover; 5) After emergency personnel enter the networking area with a dedicated communication computer or a dedicated handheld communication terminal, they can access the self-organizing network and provide a virtual information outlet for the self-organizing network to realize the recovery and collection of information data of all IoT devices in the self-organizing network; 6) When the operator's network is restored, the IoT devices in the ad hoc network will exit the ad hoc network state one after another through a weighted algorithm and resume normal operation.

[0036] 7) The smart manhole cover of the present invention can also access the information of similar protocol devices in the environment.

[0037] It should be noted that the smart manhole cover of the present invention is also an IoT device, which also includes a data storage module. At the same time, a data dispatch center will be built in the cloud to realize the operation status monitoring of IoT devices, the collection, storage, processing and forwarding of on-site data, and the issuance of management instructions for on-site devices.

[0038] The communication unit includes a metropolitan area network communication module and a private communication protocol module, and works as follows: Under normal circumstances, the smart manhole cover will communicate with the data dispatch center through the metropolitan area network communication module, and detect the signals of the surrounding environment through the private protocol of the private communication protocol module. The control dispatch unit detects the operating status of the sensor unit, metropolitan area network communication module and private communication protocol module at any time.

[0039] Introduction to the private protocol of the private communication protocol module: Application scope: Applicable to data transmission in wireless IoT emergency systems. The characteristics of data in wireless IoT emergency systems are: mainly for the transmission of emergency status of on-site equipment, emergency data and alarm information; small data volume, long transmission distance, and transmission reliability is less affected by the surrounding environment.

[0040] For wireless IoT devices, the value of data in emergency situations is much higher than that in normal situations, so it is imperative to ensure that emergency information can be effectively transmitted back.

[0041] Problems addressed by the private communication protocol module: 1. For wireless communication, it can be divided into connection mode and non-connection mode. The signal transmission distance in non-connection mode is much greater than that in connection mode. Usually, when establishing a connection in connection mode, a special connection establishment protocol is used, which will incur a certain transmission cost (data volume and transmission time). These costs are much greater than the cost of the information to be transmitted (data volume and transmission time). Therefore, the traditional connection mode is not suitable for emergency use.

[0042] 2. From the perspective of the communication network topology, traditional IoT data is transmitted in a point-to-point manner, that is, it is sent directly from the wireless IoT device to the IoT data gateway, and the data gateway implements data access or forwarding. Usually the network topology is n (an integer greater than 1) to 1 or 1 to 1. Compared with the massive number of wireless IoT devices / terminals, the IoT data gateway is often the weakest point of the entire IoT. Once the IoT data gateway is damaged, the data of IoT devices in an area cannot be transmitted back. In this case, if an IoT device alarms, the alarm information cannot be transmitted back smoothly.

[0043] Therefore, the proprietary protocol communication technology of the present invention has the following characteristics: ①. Use non-connection mode to increase communication distance and reduce communication costs (communication time and communication data volume).

[0044] ② The communication network topology mode is changed from the traditional n-to-1 mode or 1-to-1 mode to the 1-to-n mode or n-to-n mode unique to this protocol; that is, one wireless IoT device / terminal corresponds to n data gateways. Even if most of the data gateways are damaged, it will not affect the return of emergency and alarm information.

[0045] Through the above two improvements, the reliability of IoT data transmission in emergency situations can be effectively improved.

[0046] The private communication protocol module is a communication module that loads a private protocol, and may be a customized communication module or a traditional communication module that currently supports private protocol transformation.

[0047] The private communication protocol module adopts half-duplex mode, works in two states: data transmission and data listening, and switches states under the scheduling of the control scheduling unit. In the working state, data transmission is completed instantly, and the private communication protocol module is in the listening state most of the time. When the co-channel interference intensity detected by the private communication protocol module is lower than the second threshold, the data is sent. When the co-channel interference intensity detected by the private communication protocol module is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the concession algorithm will be enabled to avoid related interference during data transmission.

[0048] Each private communication protocol module has dual attributes. When the private communication protocol module is in a data sending state, the private communication protocol module works as a terminal device; when the private communication protocol module is in a data listening state, the private communication protocol module works as a data gateway device.

[0049] When the smart manhole cover is working properly, 1) The metropolitan area network communication module is used as the main communication mode, and the private communication protocol module is used as the auxiliary communication mode; The metropolitan area network communication module is responsible for the normal transmission of IoT data and command reception; The private communication protocol module is responsible for regularly sending the device information of the smart manhole cover (status data of the smart manhole cover itself and its surrounding environment) to the IoT devices around the smart manhole cover that support the private protocol loaded by the private communication protocol module, while listening to the information sent by the surrounding IoT devices; when the information sent by the surrounding IoT devices is in normal status, the device information of this smart manhole cover is ignored.

[0050] In an emergency situation (earthquake, fire, man-made damage, equipment failure, electromagnetic interference, etc.), once the network communication of the metropolitan area network communication module is affected and fails, there will be the following working modes: The first working mode: Device A is one of the smart manhole covers. The metropolitan area network communication module of device A fails, and the on-site information cannot be transmitted back. 1.1. After the control and dispatching unit of device A detects that the metropolitan area network communication module has a fault, it generates an alarm message Ma; 1.2. The alarm information Ma is sent through the private communication protocol module of device A; 1.3. Another smart manhole cover around device A is called device B. Device B receives the alarm information Ma through a private communication protocol module. If the communication line of the metropolitan area network communication module of device B is normal, device B packages the alarm information Ma into bMa information, and sends the bMa information to the data dispatch center of device B through the metropolitan area network communication module of device B, and then forwards it to the data dispatch center of device A. In this case, since the alarm information Ma of device A is received by more than just device B, there may be devices C, D, E, etc., all of which receive the alarm information Ma. All devices that receive the alarm information Ma package the alarm information Ma and generate cMa information (generated by device C after packaging the alarm information Ma, and so on for others), dMa information, eMa information, etc., and finally forward it to the data dispatch center of device A. The data dispatch center of device A receives all of these redundant information (cMa information, dMa information, eMa information, etc.). 1.4. After the alarm information Ma is packaged into bMa information, cMa information, dMa information, eMa information, etc., the approximate distance from device A to other devices and the approximate location of device A are calculated based on the generation time stamp of the data packet through the positioning algorithm, and provided to the management personnel for emergency disposal; 1.5. Since the data volume of the alarm information Ma is very small, the redundant information will not bring communication burden. Moreover, when the metropolitan area network communication modules of the B device, C device, D device, etc. are different types of metropolitan area network communication modules, the reliability brought by this communication method exceeds the benefits brought by the traditional line redundancy, and greatly reduces the cost of ownership and use.

[0051] The second working mode: After the control and dispatching unit of the B device detects that the metropolitan area network communication module fails, it generates an alarm message Mb; the metropolitan area network communication module of the A device works normally. If the alarm message Mb sent by the B device is received through the private communication protocol module: 2.1. Device A processes the alarm information Mb into aMb information; 2.2. Device A transmits the aMb information to the data dispatch center of device A through the metropolitan area network communication module of device A; 2.3. The data dispatch center of device A then forwards the aMb information to the data dispatch center of device B, which decodes and processes it. The third working mode: When the metropolitan area network communication module of device A fails, but the alarm information Mb sent by device B is received through the private communication protocol module: 3.1. Device A processes the alarm information Mb into new alarm information MaMb; 3.2. Send the new alarm information MaMb to the periphery of device A through the private communication protocol module of device A; 3.3. The C devices around the A device receive the new alarm information MaMb through the private communication protocol module; if the communication lines of the C device are normal, the C device packages the new alarm information MaMb into cMaMb information, and sends the cMaMb information to the data dispatch center of the C device through the metropolitan area network communication module of the C device for analysis, and then forwards it to the data dispatch center of the A device and the data dispatch center of the B device respectively after analysis; 3.4. Similarly, when a large-scale equipment failure occurs, the final alarm information may be a combination of the alarm information of multiple IoT devices.

[0052] 3.5. In order to ensure the efficiency of the alarm, when a large-scale equipment failure occurs, the length of the alarm information can be dynamically limited according to the performance of the private communication protocol module. According to the optimization algorithm, the number and type of equipment included in the alarm information can be dynamically adjusted to ensure that the alarm information is transmitted in a timely and large-scale manner.

[0053] The characteristics of the above wireless communications are as follows: 1. The Internet of Things network of the present invention is built on the basis of the public Internet of Things. The data dispatching centers of different Internet of Things devices may be different, but as long as the Internet of Things devices are finally connected to the public Internet of Things, they can communicate with the data dispatching center.

[0054] 2. When the metropolitan area network communication modules of smart manhole covers within a certain range can be communication modules of different operators and types, the more types of metropolitan area network communication modules there are within the range and the greater the differences, the higher the communication reliability of the entire area, because the possibility of the communication links of the metropolitan area network communication modules being destroyed at the same time is lower.

[0055] 3. As an IoT device / terminal, the amount of data transmitted by the smart manhole cover is different under normal and emergency conditions. Usually, high-level data (such as alarm information, etc.) will be transmitted first based on the status of the communication link.

[0056] 4. The smart manhole cover of the present invention only needs two communication modules: a metropolitan area network communication module and a private communication protocol module. This can control the production cost and use cost of the equipment and maximize the reliability of data communication. Example 3

[0057] The information transmission method of the private communication protocol module is as follows: The private communication protocol module is suitable for a wireless communication module that supports broadcast mode and transparent transmission protocol, that is, when the wireless communication module sends a data packet of the private protocol, it does not make any changes to the data packet of the private protocol described in the present invention; when the wireless communication module receives a data packet of the private protocol, it can maintain the integrity of the data packet.

[0058] 1. The steps for sending private protocol data are as follows: 1.1. The control and dispatching unit and the communication unit corresponding to the smart manhole cover at the sending end use the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) interface for two-way communication; 1.2. Each communication unit has an independent address, which is globally unique; 1.3. The control and dispatching unit is in working state after power-on, and the communication unit is in receiving mode; 1.4. When information needs to be sent, the control scheduling unit encodes the information to be sent according to the protocol format, and fills the address of the private communication protocol module into the specified position of the data packet as the source address of the information, and notifies the private communication protocol module of the communication unit to prepare for sending; 1.5. The communication unit sets the sending parameters to the broadcast mode and informs the control scheduling unit through the SPI interface that the setting is completed; 1.6. The control scheduling unit sends the encoded data packet to the communication unit through the SPI interface; 1.7. Before sending, the communication unit listens to the busyness of the air interface signal; if the air interface is busy, the yield algorithm is enabled and the unit listens again after a period of time; If the air interface is idle, the encoded data packet is sent out in broadcast mode; 1.8. After the transmission is completed, the communication unit notifies the control scheduling unit that the transmission is successful, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state; 1.9. If the air interface is continuously busy and unable to send, the communication unit notifies the control and scheduling unit of the failure to send, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state, waiting for the following instructions from the control and scheduling unit.

[0059] 2. The steps for receiving private protocol data are as follows: 2.1. The control and dispatching unit and the communication unit corresponding to the smart manhole cover at the receiving end use the SPI interface for two-way communication; 2.2. Each communication unit has an independent address, which is globally unique; 2.3. The control and dispatching unit is in working state after being powered on, and the communication unit is in receiving mode; 2.4. The communication unit only responds to broadcast data transmitted over the air interface and data whose destination address is its own address; 2.5. After the communication unit receives the data packet (including broadcast data packet) sent to the local machine, it transmits it to the control scheduling unit through SPI; 2.5. The control and scheduling unit is responsible for data decoding and processing, and the communication unit continues to be in the listening mode.

[0060] In addition, it should be understood that those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A smart manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication, comprising: The sensor unit is used to collect status data of the smart manhole cover itself and its surrounding environment; A communication unit, including a metropolitan area network communication module; Control the dispatching unit to detect the operating status of the sensor unit and the communication unit at any time; A data dispatch center will be built in the cloud, and the status data of the smart manhole cover collected by the sensor unit will be uploaded to the data dispatch center through the communication unit for analysis and judgment; Characterized in that the communication unit also includes a private communication protocol module; Under normal circumstances, the MAN communication module of the smart manhole cover is connected to the MAN through the operator network; When the metropolitan area network communication module of the smart manhole cover cannot access the metropolitan area network, or when it is detected that the surrounding IoT devices have self-organizing network requests, the private communication protocol module is started to network between devices, and at the same time, a self-organizing network request is sent to the IoT devices around the smart manhole cover; After the self-organizing network is established, the IoT devices confirm the information export through the interactive protocol; the IoT devices in the self-organizing network access the operator network through the information export; When all IoT devices in the ad hoc network have no information export, all IoT devices in the network will continue to send networking requests to IoT devices around the smart manhole cover; After emergency personnel enter the networking area with a dedicated communication computer or a dedicated handheld communication terminal, they access the ad hoc network and provide a virtual information outlet for the ad hoc network to realize the recovery and collection of information data of all IoT devices in the ad hoc network; When the operator's network is restored, the IoT devices in the ad hoc network will exit the ad hoc network state one after another through a weighted algorithm and resume normal operation.

2. The intelligent manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The private communication protocol module adopts a non-connection mode, and the communication network topology mode is that one wireless Internet of Things device corresponds to n data gateways, where n is an integer greater than 1.

3. The intelligent manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The private communication protocol module adopts half-duplex mode, works in two states of data transmission and data monitoring, and switches states under the scheduling of the control scheduling unit; when the co-channel interference intensity detected by the private communication protocol module is lower than the second threshold, the private communication protocol module sends data; When the co-channel interference intensity detected by the private communication protocol module is greater than or equal to the second threshold, the back-off algorithm is enabled.

4. The intelligent manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the private communication protocol module is in a data sending state, the private communication protocol module works as a terminal device; when the private communication protocol module is in a data listening state, the private communication protocol module works as a data gateway device.

5. The intelligent manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the smart manhole cover is working normally, the metropolitan area network communication module is used as the main communication mode, and the private communication protocol module is used as the auxiliary communication mode; The metropolitan area network communication module is responsible for the normal transmission of IoT data and command reception; The private communication protocol module is responsible for sending the device information of the smart manhole cover to the IoT devices around the smart manhole cover that support the private protocol loaded by the private communication protocol module at regular intervals. The device information of the smart manhole cover is the status data of the smart manhole cover itself and the surrounding environment; at the same time, it listens to the information sent by the surrounding IoT devices; when the information sent by the surrounding IoT devices is in normal state, the device information of the smart manhole cover is ignored; In an emergency, once the network communication of the metropolitan area network communication module is affected and fails, there are three modes: The first working mode: Device A is one of the smart manhole covers. The metropolitan area network communication module of device A fails, and the on-site information cannot be transmitted back. 1.

1. After the control and dispatching unit of device A detects that the metropolitan area network communication module has a fault, it generates an alarm message Ma; 1.

2. The alarm information Ma is sent through the private communication protocol module of device A; 1.

3. Another smart manhole cover around device A is called device B. Device B receives the alarm information Ma through a private communication protocol module. If the communication line of the metropolitan area network communication module of device B is normal, device B packages the alarm information Ma into bMa information, and sends the bMa information to the data dispatch center of device B through the metropolitan area network communication module of device B, and then forwards it to the data dispatch center of device A. 1.

4. After the alarm information Ma is packaged into bMa information, the distance from device A to other devices and the location of device A are calculated through the positioning algorithm according to the generation time stamp of the data packet; The second working mode: After the control and dispatching unit of the B device detects that the metropolitan area network communication module fails, it generates an alarm message Mb; the metropolitan area network communication module of the A device works normally. If the alarm message Mb sent by the B device is received through the private communication protocol module: 2.

1. Device A processes the alarm information Mb into aMb information; 2.

2. Device A transmits the aMb information to the data dispatch center of device A through the metropolitan area network communication module of device A; 2.

3. The data dispatch center of device A then forwards the aMb information to the data dispatch center of device B, which decodes and processes it. The third working mode: When the metropolitan area network communication module of device A fails, but the alarm information Mb sent by device B is received through the private communication protocol module: 3.

1. Device A processes the alarm information Mb into new alarm information MaMb; 3.

2. Send the new alarm information MaMb to the periphery of device A through the private communication protocol module of device A; 3.

3. Device C is another smart manhole cover around device A. Device C around device A receives new alarm information MaMb through a private communication protocol module. If the communication lines of device C are normal, device C packages the new alarm information MaMb into cMaMb information, and sends the cMaMb information to the data dispatching center of device C through the metropolitan area network communication module of device C for analysis. After analysis, it is forwarded to the data dispatching center of device A and the data dispatching center of device B respectively.

6. The intelligent manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The information transmission method of the private communication protocol module includes a private protocol data sending step and a private protocol data receiving step; 1. The steps for sending private protocol data are as follows: 1.

1. The control and dispatching unit and the communication unit corresponding to the smart manhole cover at the sending end use the SPI interface for two-way communication; 1.

2. Each communication unit has an independent address, which is globally unique; 1.

3. The control and dispatching unit is in working state after power-on, and the communication unit is in receiving mode; 1.

4. When information needs to be sent, the control scheduling unit encodes the information to be sent according to the protocol format, and fills the address of the private communication protocol module into the specified position of the data packet as the source address of the information, and notifies the private communication protocol module of the communication unit to prepare for sending; 1.

5. The communication unit sets the sending parameters to the broadcast mode and informs the control scheduling unit through the SPI interface that the setting is completed; 1.

6. The control scheduling unit sends the encoded data packet to the communication unit through the SPI interface; 1.

7. Before sending, the communication unit listens to the busyness of the air interface signal; if the air interface is busy, the yield algorithm is enabled and the unit listens again after a period of time; If the air interface is idle, the encoded data packet is sent out in broadcast mode; 1.

8. After the transmission is completed, the communication unit notifies the control scheduling unit that the transmission is successful, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state; 1.

9. If the air interface is continuously busy and unable to send, the communication unit notifies the control and scheduling unit of the failure to send, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state, waiting for the following instructions from the control and scheduling unit; 2. The steps for receiving private protocol data are as follows: 2.

1. The control and dispatching unit and the communication unit corresponding to the smart manhole cover at the receiving end use the SPI interface for two-way communication; 2.

2. Each communication unit has an independent address, which is globally unique; 2.

3. The control and dispatching unit is in working state after being powered on, and the communication unit is in receiving mode; 2.

4. The communication unit only responds to broadcast data transmitted over the air interface and data whose destination address is its own address; 2.

5. After the communication unit receives the data packet sent to the local machine, it transmits it to the control scheduling unit via SPI; 2.

5. The control and scheduling unit is responsible for data decoding and processing, and the communication unit continues to be in the listening mode.

7. The intelligent manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a data storage module for storing data.

8. The intelligent manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a power supply unit for supplying power to the sensor unit, the communication unit and the control and scheduling unit.

9. The intelligent manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor unit includes one or more of a tilt sensor, a pressure sensor, a vibration sensor, an acoustic wave sensor, and a laser rangefinder.

10. The intelligent manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: Under normal circumstances, the smart manhole cover communicates with the data dispatch center through the metropolitan area network communication module, and at the same time detects signals from the surrounding environment through the private protocol of the private communication protocol module.