A smart manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of electric communication and relates to a smart manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication, which includes a sensor unit, a communication unit, and a control and scheduling unit. The communication unit includes a metropolitan area network communication module and a private communication protocol module. When the metropolitan area network communication module of the smart manhole cover cannot access the metropolitan area network, or when it detects a self-organizing network request from surrounding Internet of Things devices, the private communication protocol module is activated. The private communication protocol module adopts a connectionless mode, which can increase the communication distance and reduce the communication cost. The communication network topology mode is that one wireless Internet of Things device corresponds to n data gateways. Even when most of the data gateways are damaged, it will not affect the transmission of emergency and alarm information, and can effectively improve the reliability of Internet of Things data transmission in an emergency state. The communication unit adopted by the present invention only needs to have a metropolitan area network communication module and a private communication protocol module at the same time, which can not only control the cost but also improve the reliability of data communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric communication technology, and particularly to a smart manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication. Background Art

[0002] Manholes are important and indispensable components in modern cities, and are important facilities connecting the ground with underground pipelines and underground facilities. These underground infrastructure usually belong to different departments, such as communication, power supply, gas, water supply, drainage, national defense, etc. The biggest feature of manholes is their huge quantity, and their locations are often on roads and along the roads. As a key component for protecting manholes and the safety of personnel and vehicles, the importance of manhole covers is self-evident. Since these manhole covers are exposed on the ground surface, they are vulnerable to human disturbance and vehicle rolling, and various diseases may occur at any time, including missing, damaged, displaced, vibrating, sunken, raised, manhole cover height difference, manhole perimeter damage, manhole cover disorder, no anti-falling function, etc. In addition, the manhole cover plays an irreplaceable role in shielding and protecting the underground entrance of the manhole, but at the same time, it also blocks the communication between the ground world and the underground world, making it impossible for us to easily know any information about the underground pipe gallery under the manhole.

[0003] Therefore, in order to ensure real-time monitoring of manhole covers, the currently adopted technologies are all to install sensors on manhole covers and use wireless communication methods for data transmission; for example, the "A manhole cover monitoring system" disclosed in the publication (announcement) number: CN110197567A, the key points of its technical solution include a manhole cover terminal arranged in the manhole and a manhole cover monitoring platform arranged outside the manhole, and the manhole cover terminal and the manhole cover monitoring platform are connected to each other through a wireless communication network; the manhole cover terminal is wired-connected with an energy supply device and a plurality of sensors, and when the detection value of the corresponding sensor deviates from the set value, the manhole cover terminal sends a corresponding alarm message to the manhole cover monitoring platform; the manhole cover monitoring platform sets different numbers for each manhole cover terminal fixed in the manhole cover and conducts unified classification management. The present invention has the advantages of receiving the detection value of the sensor by the manhole cover terminal and comparing it with the corresponding set value, and sending a corresponding alarm message to the manhole cover monitoring platform when the detection value deviates from the set value; the manhole covers provided with manhole cover terminals are numbered respectively, which is convenient for effective management of manhole covers and enables the manhole cover monitoring platform to monitor the manhole cover terminals in real time.

[0004] Currently, the wireless communication method of manhole covers is usually achieved through the interconnection and intercommunication in the Internet of Things mode. The traditional types of Internet of Things communication are as follows:

[0005] Metropolitan Area Network Communication: Support 4G (Fourth Generation Mobile Communication Technology) and 5G (Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Technology) IoT communications via carrier networks such as NBIOT (Narrowband IoT) and 4G CAT1 (Category 1 LTE, a low-rate IoT communication technology). Domestic carriers are divided into China Mobile, China Unicom, and China Telecom.

[0006] Near-Field Communication: Support near-field IoT communications such as WIFI (Wireless Local Area Network communication technology based on the IEEE 802.11 standard), Bluetooth, zigbee (a low-power, low-rate wireless communication technology based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard), 433 (a wireless communication technology based on the 433MHz frequency band), and LoRA (Long Range, a low-power, long-distance wireless communication technology).

[0007] Traditional IoT devices usually have one or more built-in communication modules. When communicating, they need to rely on specific external communication relay nodes to achieve data communication between the on-site terminal and the data scheduling center. Different types of communication modules correspond to different communication relay nodes. The applicable scenarios and ranges of different types of communication modules are different.

[0008] The communication architecture of traditional IoT devices usually includes three parts: IoT terminals (including communication modules), communication relay nodes, and data scheduling centers. Usually, the data transmission volume is small, but it is required that the data can be timely transmitted back to the data scheduling center. In the event of sudden disasters (such as earthquakes, fires, man-made damage, etc.) or the occurrence of specific interferences, once the communication environment corresponding to the communication module is abnormal (the communication module is damaged, the communication relay node malfunctions, the spectrum resources are occupied and communication cannot be achieved, etc.), the communication module will be unable to achieve data communication.

[0009] To improve the reliability of communication, IoT terminals usually adopt the method of configuring multiple communication modules. By increasing the redundancy of communication channels to improve reliability. However, due to the characteristics of IoT terminals themselves, devices (such as manhole covers) are limited by volume, power consumption, cost, etc., and it is impossible to equip all communication modules at the same time. Usually, only one or several will be selected. Although the reliability has been improved, it will greatly increase the production cost (price, volume) and usage cost (power consumption) of IoT terminals. Moreover, in the event of large-scale disasters, the communication guarantee is still not ideal. It often occurs that even though there are other types of communication nodes that can work, due to different communication methods, traditional IoT devices cannot use these working nodes to transmit data back.

[0010] Based on this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a smart manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication. The technical solution is as follows:

[0012] A smart manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication, comprising:

[0013] A sensor unit for collecting status data of the smart manhole cover itself and the surrounding environment;

[0014] A communication unit, including a metropolitan area network communication module and a near-field communication module;

[0015] A control and scheduling unit for detecting the operating conditions of the sensor unit and the communication unit at any time;

[0016] A data scheduling center will be built in the cloud. The status data of the smart manhole cover collected by the sensor unit is uploaded to the data scheduling center through the communication unit for analysis and judgment;

[0017] The communication unit further includes a private communication protocol module;

[0018] Under normal circumstances, the metropolitan area network communication module of the smart manhole cover accesses the metropolitan area network through the operator's network;

[0019] When the metropolitan area network communication module of the smart manhole cover fails to access the metropolitan area network, or when it detects a self-networking request from surrounding Internet of Things devices, the private communication protocol module is activated to form a network between devices, and at the same time, a self-networking request is sent to the Internet of Things devices (including other smart manhole covers) around the smart manhole cover;

[0020] After the self-networking is established, the Internet of Things devices confirm the information outlet through the interaction protocol; the Internet of Things devices within the self-network access the operator's network through the information outlet;

[0021] When all the Internet of Things devices within the self-network do not have an information outlet, all the Internet of Things devices within the network will continuously send networking requests to the Internet of Things devices around the smart manhole cover;

[0022] After the emergency personnel enter the networking area with a dedicated communication computer or a dedicated handheld communication terminal, they access the self-network and provide a virtual information outlet for the self-network to realize the recovery and collection of information data of all the Internet of Things devices within the self-network;

[0023] When the operator's network is restored, the Internet of Things devices within the self-network exit the self-networking state one after another through a weighted algorithm and resume normal operation.

[0024] Furthermore, the private communication protocol module adopts a connectionless mode, and the communication network topology mode is that one wireless Internet of Things device corresponds to n data gateways, where n is an integer greater than 1.

[0025] Furthermore, the private communication protocol module adopts a half-duplex mode and operates in two states: data sending and data listening. It switches states under the scheduling of the control and scheduling unit; when the intensity of the co-channel interference detected by the private communication protocol module is lower than the second threshold, it sends data; when the intensity of the co-channel interference detected by the private communication protocol module is greater than or equal to the second threshold, it enables a concession algorithm.

[0026] Furthermore, when the private communication protocol module is in the data sending state, it operates as a terminal device; when the private communication protocol module is in the data listening state, it operates as a data gateway device.

[0027] Furthermore, when the intelligent manhole cover works properly, the metropolitan area network communication module operates in the main communication mode, and the private communication protocol module operates in the auxiliary communication mode;

[0028] The metropolitan area network communication module is responsible for the backhaul of normal Internet of Things data and the reception of instructions;

[0029] The private communication protocol module is responsible for regularly sending the device information of the intelligent manhole cover to the Internet of Things devices around the intelligent manhole cover that support the private protocol loaded by the private communication protocol module. The device information of the intelligent manhole cover is the status data of the intelligent manhole cover itself and its surrounding environment; at the same time, it listens to the information sent by the surrounding Internet of Things devices; when the information sent by the surrounding Internet of Things devices is in a normal state, it ignores the device information of the intelligent manhole cover;

[0030] In an emergency state, once the network communication of the metropolitan area network communication module is affected and fails, there are the following three modes:

[0031] The first working mode: Device A is one of the intelligent manhole covers, and the metropolitan area network communication module of Device A fails, and the on-site information cannot be backhauled;

[0032] 1.1 After the control and scheduling unit of Device A detects that the metropolitan area network communication module fails, it generates an alarm message Ma;

[0033] 1.2 The alarm message Ma is sent through the private communication protocol module of Device A;

[0034] 1.3 Another intelligent manhole cover around Device A is called Device B. Device B receives the alarm message Ma through the private communication protocol module; if the communication line of the metropolitan area network communication module of Device B itself is normal, Device B packages the alarm message Ma into bMa information and sends the bMa information to the data scheduling center of Device B through the metropolitan area network communication module of Device B, and then forwards it to the data scheduling center of Device A;

[0035] 1.4. After the alarm message Ma is packaged into the bMa message, according to the generation timestamp of the data packet, the distance from device A to other devices and the location of device A are calculated through the positioning algorithm.

[0036] The second working mode: After the control and scheduling unit of device B detects a failure in the metropolitan area network communication module, it generates an alarm message Mb; if the metropolitan area network communication module of device A is working properly and receives the alarm message Mb sent by device B through the private communication protocol module:

[0037] 2.1. Device A processes the alarm message Mb into the aMb message.

[0038] 2.2. Device A transmits the aMb message to the data scheduling center of device A through the metropolitan area network communication module of device A.

[0039] 2.3. The data scheduling center of device A then forwards the aMb message to the data scheduling center of device B, and the data scheduling center of device B decodes and disposes of it.

[0040] The third working mode: When the metropolitan area network communication module of device A fails, but receives the alarm message Mb sent by device B through the private communication protocol module:

[0041] 3.1. Device A processes the alarm message Mb into a new alarm message MaMb.

[0042] 3.2. Send the new alarm message MaMb to the periphery of device A through the private communication protocol module of device A.

[0043] 3.3. Device C is another intelligent manhole cover around device A. Device C around device A receives the new alarm message MaMb through the private communication protocol module; if the communication lines of device C are all normal, device C packages the new alarm message MaMb into the cMaMb message and sends the cMaMb message to the data scheduling center of device C through the metropolitan area network communication module of device C for parsing, and after parsing, it is respectively forwarded to the data scheduling center of device A and the data scheduling center of device B.

[0044] Furthermore, the information transmission method of the private communication protocol module includes a private protocol data sending step and a private protocol data receiving step;

[0045] 1. The private protocol data sending step is as follows:

[0046] 1.1. The control and scheduling unit and the communication unit corresponding to the intelligent manhole cover at the sending end perform two-way communication using the SPI interface.

[0047] 1.2. Each communication unit has a unique independent address globally.

[0048] 1.3. The control and scheduling unit is in the working state after being powered on, and the communication unit is in the receiving mode;

[0049] 1.4. When information needs to be sent, the control and scheduling unit encodes the information to be sent in accordance with the protocol format, fills in the address of the private communication protocol module at the specified position in the data packet as the source address of the information transmission, and simultaneously notifies the private communication protocol module of the communication unit to prepare for sending;

[0050] 1.5. The communication unit sets the sending parameter to the broadcast mode and notifies the control and scheduling unit through the SPI interface that the setting is completed;

[0051] 1.6. The control and scheduling unit sends the encoded data packet to the communication unit through the SPI interface;

[0052] 1.7. Before sending, the communication unit listens to the busy situation of the air interface signal; if the air interface is busy, the backoff algorithm is enabled and it listens again after a period of time;

[0053] If the air interface is idle, the encoded data packet is sent out in the broadcast mode;

[0054] 1.8. After sending is completed, the communication unit notifies the control and scheduling unit that the sending is successful, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state;

[0055] 1.9. If the air interface is continuously busy and the sending fails, the communication unit notifies the control and scheduling unit that the sending fails, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state and waits for the following instructions from the control and scheduling unit;

[0056] 2. The steps for receiving private protocol data are as follows:

[0057] 2.1. The control and scheduling unit and the communication unit corresponding to the intelligent manhole cover at the receiving end communicate bidirectionally through the SPI interface;

[0058] 2.2. Each communication unit has a unique independent address globally;

[0059] 2.3. The control and scheduling unit is in the working state after being powered on, and the communication unit is in the receiving mode;

[0060] 2.4. The communication unit only responds to the broadcast data transmitted through the air interface and the data whose destination address is its own address;

[0061] 2.5. After the communication unit receives the data packet sent to the local machine, it transmits it to the control and scheduling unit through the SPI;

[0062] 2.5. The control and scheduling unit is responsible for data decoding and processing, and the communication unit continues to be in the listening mode.

[0063] Furthermore, the intelligent manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication further includes a data storage module for storing data.

[0064] Furthermore, the intelligent manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication further includes a power supply unit for supplying power to the sensor unit, communication unit, and control and scheduling unit.

[0065] Furthermore, the sensor unit includes, but is not limited to, an inclination sensor, a pressure sensor, a vibration sensor, an acoustic wave sensor, and a laser rangefinder.

[0066] Furthermore, under normal circumstances, the intelligent manhole cover communicates with the data scheduling center through the metropolitan area network communication module. At the same time, it detects the signals of the surrounding environment through the private protocol of the private communication protocol module.

[0067] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0068] 1. For the intelligent manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication of the present invention, the communication unit adopted only needs to have two communication modules, namely the metropolitan area network communication module and the private communication protocol module, which can not only control the production cost and usage cost of the device, but also improve the data communication reliability to the highest level.

[0069] 2. The Internet of Things network constructed by the present invention is based on the public Internet of Things. The data scheduling centers of different Internet of Things devices can be different, but as long as the Internet of Things devices finally access the public Internet of Things, they can communicate with the data scheduling center.

[0070] 3. When the metropolitan area network communication modules of the intelligent manhole covers within a certain range can be communication modules of different operators and different types, the more types and the greater the differences of the metropolitan area network communication modules within this range, the higher the communication reliability of the entire area.

[0071] 4. The private communication protocol module of the present invention adopts a non-connection mode, which can improve the communication distance and reduce the communication cost; the communication network topology mode is changed from the traditional n-to-1 mode or 1-to-1 mode to the unique 1-to-n mode or n-to-n mode of the private protocol; that is, one wireless Internet of Things device / terminal corresponds to n data gateways. Even when most of the data gateways are damaged, it will not affect the transmission of emergency and alarm information. The above two improvements can effectively improve the reliability of Internet of Things data transmission in an emergency state. Detailed implementation manners

[0072] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Embodiment 1

[0073] A smart manhole cover with high-reliability wireless communication (hereinafter referred to as the smart manhole cover) has a control and scheduling unit, a communication unit, a sensor unit, and a power supply unit, and these units can be directly embedded in the smart manhole cover. On the one hand, the sensor unit built into the smart manhole cover timely collects the status data of the smart manhole cover and uploads it to the data scheduling center through the communication unit for analysis and judgment, and disposes of the disease problems in a timely manner when they are found. On the other hand, the communication unit of the smart manhole cover can act as a communication relay to realize wireless communication between various Internet of Things devices on the ground and underground nearby and the data scheduling center and mobile devices. For example: Urban managers can obtain various information about the underground pipe gallery at any time through the smart manhole cover of the present invention, including the temperature and humidity in the manhole, whether the concentration of combustible gas exceeds the standard, whether the concentration of toxic and harmful gases exceeds the standard, water level and flow rate, whether it is blocked, and so on.

[0074] The communication unit is embedded in the smart manhole cover and can perform wireless communication with an external communication base station.

[0075] The control and scheduling unit is embedded in the smart manhole cover. The control and scheduling unit can directly collect the status data of the smart manhole cover collected by the sensor unit, or can connect to external sensing devices through wireless communication to achieve data transmission.

[0076] The power supply unit is embedded in the smart manhole cover. The internal power supply of the power supply unit will ensure that it can continue to work for a certain period of time when the external power supply fails.

[0077] The status data of the smart manhole cover itself and the surrounding environment collected by the built-in sensor unit includes but is not limited to temperature, breakage, deformation, tilt, displacement, vibration, etc. The sensors used are as follows:

[0078] Inclinometer: It judges whether there is breakage or displacement by detecting the change in the tilt angle of the smart manhole cover. For example, when the tilt angle of the smart manhole cover exceeds the set first threshold (such as 20°), an alarm will be triggered and the time will be recorded.

[0079] Pressure sensor: It is used to monitor the change in the pressure borne by the smart manhole cover to judge whether it is damaged or damaged due to external force.

[0080] Vibration sensor: It judges whether it is impacted or moved by detecting the abnormal vibration of the smart manhole cover, so as to infer whether the manhole cover is damaged.

[0081] Acoustic wave sensor: By analyzing the changes in sound signals around the intelligent manhole cover, it determines whether impacts or other abnormal situations occur.

[0082] Laser rangefinder: By measuring the change in the distance between the intelligent manhole cover and the load-bearing plate, it determines whether the manhole cover is damaged or lost.

[0083] The communication unit also includes NFC (Near Field Communication, a short-range wireless communication technology) communication: Each intelligent manhole cover has a dedicated NFC tag (a near-field communication module), which can record and store the unique identification number of the intelligent manhole cover and information such as the location, function, environment, and parameters of the intelligent manhole cover, and can be read by devices such as mobile phones with NFC reading functions, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), and dedicated readers. Embodiment 2

[0084] The core of the present invention is the Internet of Things communication of the communication unit, which uses Internet of Things communication under a private protocol, specifically as follows:

[0085] 1) Under normal circumstances, the communication unit of the intelligent manhole cover will access the metropolitan area network through the operator network;

[0086] 2) When the communication unit of the intelligent manhole cover cannot access the metropolitan area network, or when it detects a self-networking request from surrounding Internet of Things devices, it starts the private protocol to form a network among devices, independently establish an inter-network, and at the same time send a self-networking request to the Internet of Things devices around the intelligent manhole cover;

[0087] 3) After the self-networking is established, the Internet of Things devices confirm the information export (which can be one or multiple) through an interaction protocol; the Internet of Things devices within the self-network access the operator network through the information export;

[0088] 4) When all the Internet of Things devices within the self-network have no information export, all the Internet of Things devices within the network will continuously send networking requests to the Internet of Things devices around the intelligent manhole cover;

[0089] 5) After emergency personnel enter the networking area with a dedicated communication computer or a dedicated handheld communication terminal, they can access the self-network and provide a virtual information export for the self-network to realize the recovery and collection of information data of all Internet of Things devices within the self-network;

[0090] 6) When the operator network resumes, the Internet of Things devices within the self-network, through a weighted algorithm, withdraw from the self-networking state one after another and resume normal operation.

[0091] 7) The intelligent manhole cover of the present invention can also access the information of devices with the same environmental protocol.

[0092] It should be noted that the intelligent manhole cover of the present invention is also an Internet of Things device, and it further includes a data storage module. Meanwhile, a data scheduling center will be built in the cloud to monitor the operating status of Internet of Things devices, collect, store, process and forward the on-site collected data, and issue management instructions for on-site devices.

[0093] The communication unit includes a metropolitan area network communication module and a private communication protocol module, and its working mode is as follows:

[0094] Under normal circumstances, the intelligent manhole cover will communicate with the data scheduling center through the metropolitan area network communication module, and at the same time detect the signals of the surrounding environment through the private protocol of the private communication protocol module. The control and scheduling unit detects the operating conditions of the sensor unit, the metropolitan area network communication module and the private communication protocol module at any time.

[0095] Introduction to the private protocol of the private communication protocol module:

[0096] Scope of application: applicable to data transmission in wireless Internet of Things emergency systems. The characteristics of data in wireless Internet of Things emergency systems are: mainly for the transmission of on-site device emergency status, emergency data and alarm information; small data volume, long transmission distance, and little influence of transmission reliability on the surrounding environment.

[0097] For wireless Internet of Things devices, the data value in emergency situations is much higher than that in normal situations. It is necessary to ensure that emergency information can be effectively transmitted back.

[0098] Problems targeted by the private communication protocol module:

[0099] 1. For wireless communication, it can be divided into connection mode and non-connection mode. The signal transmission distance in the non-connection mode is much greater than that in the connection mode. Usually, when establishing a connection in the connection mode, a special connection establishment protocol will be used, so certain transmission costs (data volume and transmission time) will be generated. These costs are much greater than the costs (data volume and transmission time) generated by the information to be transmitted. Therefore, the traditional connection mode is not suitable for emergency methods.

[0100] 2. From the perspective of the communication network topology mode, traditional Internet of Things data is transmitted in a point-to-point manner, that is, directly sent from wireless Internet of Things devices to the data gateway of the Internet of Things, and the data gateway realizes data access or forwarding. Usually, the network topology mode is n (an integer greater than 1) to 1 or 1 to 1. Compared with the massive wireless Internet of Things devices / terminals, the data gateway of the Internet of Things is often the weakest part of the entire Internet of Things. Once the data gateway of the Internet of Things is damaged, the data of Internet of Things devices in an area cannot be transmitted back. In this case, if an Internet of Things device issues an alarm, the alarm information cannot be transmitted back smoothly.

[0101] Therefore, the characteristics of the private protocol communication technology of the present invention are as follows:

[0102] ①. Adopt a non-connection mode to increase the communication distance and reduce communication costs (communication time and communication data volume).

[0103] ②. The communication network topology mode changes from the traditional n-to-1 mode or 1-to-1 mode to the unique 1-to-n mode or n-to-n mode of this protocol; that is, one wireless Internet of Things device / terminal corresponds to n data gateways. Even when most data gateways are damaged, it will not affect the transmission of emergency and alarm information.

[0104] Through the above two improvements, the reliability of Internet of Things data transmission in an emergency state can be effectively improved.

[0105] The private communication protocol module is a communication module loaded with the private protocol, which can be a customized communication module or a traditional communication module currently supporting the transformation of the private protocol.

[0106] The private communication protocol module adopts a half-duplex mode and works in two states: data sending and data listening, and switches states under the scheduling of the control and scheduling unit. In the working state, data sending is completed instantaneously, and the private communication protocol module is in the listening state for most of the time. When the intensity of the co-frequency interference detected by the private communication protocol module is lower than the second threshold, data is sent. When the intensity of the co-frequency interference detected by the private communication protocol module is greater than or equal to the second threshold, a back-off algorithm will be enabled to avoid relevant interference during data sending.

[0107] Each private communication protocol module has dual attributes. When the private communication protocol module is in the data sending state, it works as a terminal device; when the private communication protocol module is in the data listening state, it works as a data gateway device.

[0108] When the intelligent manhole cover is working properly,

[0109] 1). The metropolitan area network communication module is used as the main communication mode, and the private communication protocol module is used as the auxiliary communication mode;

[0110] The metropolitan area network communication module is responsible for the normal transmission of Internet of Things data and the reception of instructions;

[0111] The private communication protocol module is responsible for regularly sending the device information of the intelligent manhole cover (the status data of the intelligent manhole cover itself and the surrounding environment) to the Internet of Things devices around the intelligent manhole cover that support the private protocol loaded by the private communication protocol module, and at the same time listening to the information sent by the surrounding Internet of Things devices; when the information sent by the surrounding Internet of Things devices is in a normal state, the device information of this intelligent manhole cover will be ignored.

[0112] In the event of an emergency (such as earthquake, fire, man-made damage, equipment failure, electromagnetic interference, etc.), once the network communication of the metropolitan area network communication module is affected and fails, there will be the following working modes:

[0113] The first working mode: Device A is one of the intelligent manhole covers. When the metropolitan area network communication module of Device A fails and the on-site information cannot be transmitted back;

[0114] 1.1 After the control and scheduling unit of Device A detects that the metropolitan area network communication module fails, it generates an alarm message Ma;

[0115] 1.2 The alarm message Ma is sent through the private communication protocol module of Device A;

[0116] 1.3 Another intelligent manhole cover near Device A is called Device B. Device B receives the alarm message Ma through the private communication protocol module; if the communication line of the metropolitan area network communication module of Device B itself is normal, Device B packages the alarm message Ma into a bMa message and sends the bMa message to the data scheduling center of Device B through the metropolitan area network communication module of Device B, and then forwards it to the data scheduling center of Device A; in this case, since there are more than just Device B around that receives the alarm message Ma from Device A, there may be Device C, Device D, Device E..., all of these devices receive the alarm message Ma. After all the devices that receive the alarm message Ma package it, they respectively generate cMa messages (generated by Device C after packaging the alarm message Ma, and so on for others), dMa messages, eMa messages..., and finally forward them to the data scheduling center of Device A. The data scheduling center of Device A receives all these redundant messages (cMa messages, dMa messages, eMa messages...);

[0117] 1.4 When the alarm message Ma is packaged into bMa messages, cMa messages, dMa messages, eMa messages..., according to the generation time stamp of the data packet, through the positioning algorithm, calculate the approximate distance from Device A to other devices and the approximate position of Device A, and provide it to the management personnel for emergency handling;

[0118] 1.5 Since the data volume of the alarm message Ma is very small, the redundant messages will not cause a communication burden. Moreover, when the metropolitan area network communication modules of Device B, Device C, Device D, etc. use different types of metropolitan area network communication modules, the reliability brought by this communication method exceeds the benefits brought by traditional line redundancy, and greatly reduces the holding cost and usage cost.

[0119] The second working mode: After the control and scheduling unit of Device B detects a failure in the metropolitan area network communication module, it generates an alarm message Mb. When the metropolitan area network communication module of Device A is working properly and receives the alarm message Mb sent by Device B through the private communication protocol module:

[0120] 2.1. Device A processes the alarm message Mb into an aMb message;

[0121] 2.2. Device A transmits the aMb message to the data scheduling center of Device A through the metropolitan area network communication module of Device A;

[0122] 2.3. The data scheduling center of Device A then forwards the aMb message to the data scheduling center of Device B, and the data scheduling center of Device B decodes and disposes of it;

[0123] The third working mode: When the metropolitan area network communication module of Device A fails, but receives the alarm message Mb sent by Device B through the private communication protocol module:

[0124] 3.1. Device A processes the alarm message Mb into a new alarm message MaMb;

[0125] 3.2. Send the new alarm message MaMb to the periphery of Device A through the private communication protocol module of Device A;

[0126] 3.3. Device C around Device A receives the new alarm message MaMb through the private communication protocol module; If the communication lines of Device C are all normal, Device C packages the new alarm message MaMb into a cMaMb message and sends the cMaMb message to the data scheduling center of Device C through the metropolitan area network communication module of Device C for parsing, and then forwards it to the data scheduling centers of Device A and Device B respectively;

[0127] 3.4. And so on, when there are large-scale device failures, the final alarm message may be in the form of a combination of alarm messages of multiple Internet of Things devices.

[0128] 3.5. In order to ensure the efficiency of alarm, when there are large-scale device failures, the length of the alarm message can be dynamically limited according to the performance of the private communication protocol module, and according to the optimization algorithm, the number and type of devices included in the alarm message can be dynamically adjusted to ensure the timely transmission of the alarm message on a large scale.

[0129] The characteristics of the above wireless communication are as follows:

[0130] 1. The Internet of Things network of the present invention is established on the basis of the public Internet of Things. The data scheduling centers of different Internet of Things devices can be different, but as long as the Internet of Things devices finally access the public Internet of Things, they can communicate with the data scheduling center.

[0131] 2. When the MAN communication modules of intelligent manhole covers within a certain range can be communication modules of different operators and different types, the more types and the greater the differences of the MAN communication modules within this range, the higher the communication reliability of the entire area. Because the possibility of the communication links of the MAN communication modules being damaged simultaneously is lower.

[0132] 3. As an intelligent manhole cover that is an IoT device / terminal, the amount of data transmitted is different under normal and emergency conditions. Usually, according to the status of the communication link, higher-level data (such as alarm information, etc.) will be preferentially transmitted.

[0133] 4. For the intelligent manhole cover of the present invention, as long as there are these two communication modules, namely the MAN communication module and the private communication protocol module, it is possible to control the production cost and usage cost of the device, and at the same time, the data communication reliability can be increased to the highest level. Embodiment 3

[0134] The information transmission method of the private communication protocol module is as follows:

[0135] The private communication protocol module is applicable to wireless communication modules that support the broadcast mode and the transparent transmission protocol, that is: when the wireless communication module sends a data packet of the private protocol, it does not make any changes to the data packet of the private protocol described in the present invention; when the wireless communication module receives a data packet of the private protocol, it can maintain the integrity of the data packet.

[0136] 1. The steps for sending private protocol data are as follows:

[0137] 1.1. The control scheduling unit and the communication unit corresponding to the intelligent manhole cover at the sending end perform two-way communication using the SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) interface.

[0138] 1.2. Each communication unit has a unique address globally.

[0139] 1.3. The control scheduling unit is in the working state after being powered on, and the communication unit is in the receiving mode.

[0140] 1.4. When information needs to be sent, the control scheduling unit encodes the information to be sent according to the protocol format, and fills the address of the private communication protocol module into the specified position of the data packet as the source address of the information transmission, and at the same time notifies the private communication protocol module of the communication unit to prepare for sending.

[0141] 1.5. The communication unit sets the sending parameter to the broadcast mode and notifies the control scheduling unit through the SPI interface that the setting is completed.

[0142] 1.6. The control and scheduling unit sends the encoded data packets to the communication unit through the SPI interface;

[0143] 1.7. Before sending, the communication unit listens to the busy situation of the air interface signal; if the air interface is busy, the backoff algorithm is enabled and it listens again after a period of time;

[0144] If the air interface is idle, the encoded data packets are sent out in broadcast mode;

[0145] 1.8. After the sending is completed, the communication unit notifies the control and scheduling unit that the sending is successful, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state;

[0146] 1.9. If the air interface remains busy and the sending fails, the communication unit notifies the control and scheduling unit that the sending fails, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state and waits for the next instruction from the control and scheduling unit.

[0147] 2. The steps for receiving private protocol data are as follows:

[0148] 2.1. The control and scheduling unit and the communication unit corresponding to the intelligent manhole cover at the receiving end perform two-way communication through the SPI interface;

[0149] 2.2. Each communication unit has a unique independent address globally;

[0150] 2.3. The control and scheduling unit is in the working state after being powered on, and the communication unit is in the receiving mode;

[0151] 2.4. The communication unit only responds to the broadcast data transmitted through the air interface and the data whose destination address is its own address;

[0152] 2.5. After the communication unit receives the data packet sent to the local machine (including the broadcast data packet), it is transmitted to the control and scheduling unit through the SPI;

[0153] 2.5. The control and scheduling unit is responsible for data decoding and processing, and the communication unit continues to be in the listening mode.

[0154] In addition, it should be understood that those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A smart manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication, comprising: A sensor unit for collecting status data of the smart manhole cover itself and the surrounding environment; A communication unit including a metropolitan area network communication module; A control and scheduling unit for detecting the operating conditions of the sensor unit and the communication unit at any time; A data scheduling center will be built in the cloud. The status data of the smart manhole cover collected by the sensor unit is uploaded to the data scheduling center through the communication unit for analysis and judgment; It is characterized in that the communication unit further includes a private communication protocol module; Under normal circumstances, the metropolitan area network communication module of the smart manhole cover accesses the metropolitan area network through the operator's network; When the metropolitan area network communication module of the smart manhole cover cannot access the metropolitan area network, or when it detects a self - networking request from surrounding Internet of Things devices, the private communication protocol module is activated to form a network among devices, and at the same time, a self - networking request is sent to the Internet of Things devices around the smart manhole cover; After the self - network is established, the Internet of Things devices confirm the information outlet through the interaction protocol; the Internet of Things devices within the self - network access the operator's network through the information outlet; When all the Internet of Things devices within the self - network have no information outlet, all the Internet of Things devices within the network will continuously send networking requests to the Internet of Things devices around the smart manhole cover; After emergency personnel enter the networking area with a dedicated communication computer or a dedicated handheld communication terminal, they access the self - network and provide a virtual information outlet for the self - network to realize the recovery and collection of information data of all the Internet of Things devices within the self - network; When the operator's network is restored, the Internet of Things devices within the self - network exit the self - network state one after another through a weighted algorithm and resume normal operation; The private communication protocol module adopts a non - connection mode, and the communication network topology mode is that one wireless Internet of Things device corresponds to n data gateways, where n is an integer greater than 1.

2. The intelligent manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein: The private communication protocol module adopts a half - duplex mode, working in two states: data sending and data listening, and switching states under the scheduling of the control and scheduling unit; when the same - frequency interference intensity detected by the private communication protocol module is lower than the second threshold, data is sent; When the same - frequency interference intensity detected by the private communication protocol module is greater than or equal to the second threshold, a back - off algorithm is enabled.

3. The intelligent manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the private communication protocol module is in the data - sending state, the private communication protocol module works as a terminal device; when the private communication protocol module is in the data - listening state, the private communication protocol module works as a data - gateway device.

4. The intelligent manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the smart manhole cover is working normally, the metropolitan area network communication module is the main communication mode, and the private communication protocol module is the auxiliary communication mode; The metropolitan area network communication module is responsible for the normal back - transmission of Internet of Things data and the reception of instructions; The private communication protocol module is responsible for regularly sending the device information of the smart manhole cover to the Internet of Things devices around the smart manhole cover that support the private protocol loaded by the private communication protocol module. The device information of the smart manhole cover is the status data of the smart manhole cover itself and the surrounding environment; at the same time, it listens to the information sent by the surrounding Internet of Things devices; when the information sent by the surrounding Internet of Things devices is in a normal state, the device information of the smart manhole cover is ignored; In an emergency state, once the network communication of the metropolitan area network communication module is affected and fails, there are the following three modes: The first working mode: Device A is one of the intelligent manhole covers. The metropolitan area network communication module of Device A fails, and on-site information cannot be transmitted back; 1.1 After the control and scheduling unit of Device A detects a failure in the metropolitan area network communication module, it generates an alarm message Ma; 1.2 The alarm message Ma is sent through the private communication protocol module of Device A; 1.3 Another intelligent manhole cover near Device A is called Device B. Device B receives the alarm message Ma through the private communication protocol module; if the communication line of the metropolitan area network communication module of Device B itself is normal, Device B packs the alarm message Ma into the bMa message and sends the bMa message to the data scheduling center of Device B through the metropolitan area network communication module of Device B, and then forwards it to the data scheduling center of Device A; 1.4 After the alarm message Ma is packed into the bMa message, according to the generation timestamp of the data packet, the distance from Device A to other devices and the location of Device A are calculated through the positioning algorithm; The second working mode: After the control and scheduling unit of Device B detects a failure in the metropolitan area network communication module, it generates an alarm message Mb; when the metropolitan area network communication module of Device A is working normally and receives the alarm message Mb sent by Device B through the private communication protocol module: 2.1 Device A processes the alarm message Mb into the aMb message; 2.2 Device A transmits the aMb message to the data scheduling center of Device A through the metropolitan area network communication module of Device A; 2.3 The data scheduling center of Device A then forwards the aMb message to the data scheduling center of Device B, and the data scheduling center of Device B decodes and disposes of it; The third working mode: The metropolitan area network communication module of Device A fails, but receives the alarm message Mb sent by Device B through the private communication protocol module: 3.1 Device A processes the alarm message Mb into a new alarm message MaMb; 3.2 The new alarm message MaMb is sent to the periphery of Device A through the private communication protocol module of Device A; 3.3 Device C is another intelligent manhole cover near Device A. Device C near Device A receives the new alarm message MaMb through the private communication protocol module; if the communication lines of Device C are all normal, Device C packs the new alarm message MaMb into the cMaMb message and sends the cMaMb message to the data scheduling center of Device C through the metropolitan area network communication module of Device C for parsing, and after parsing, it is respectively forwarded to the data scheduling center of Device A and the data scheduling center of Device B.

5. The intelligent manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication according to claim 2, characterized in that: The information transmission method of the private communication protocol module includes a private protocol data sending step and a private protocol data receiving step; 1. The private protocol data sending step is as follows: 1.1 The control and scheduling unit and the communication unit corresponding to the intelligent manhole cover at the sending end perform two-way communication using the SPI interface; 1.2 Each communication unit has a unique independent address globally; 1.3 The control and scheduling unit is in the working state after being powered on, and the communication unit is in the receiving mode; 1.4 When information needs to be sent, the control and scheduling unit encodes the information to be sent in accordance with the protocol format, fills in the address of the private communication protocol module at the specified position in the data packet as the source address for information sending, and simultaneously notifies the private communication protocol module of the communication unit to prepare for sending; 1.5 The communication unit sets the sending parameter to the broadcast mode and notifies the control and scheduling unit through the SPI interface that the setting is completed; 1.6 The control and scheduling unit sends the encoded data packet to the communication unit through the SPI interface; 1.7 Before sending, the communication unit listens to the busy condition of the air interface signal; if the air interface is busy, the backoff algorithm is enabled and it listens again after a period of time; If the air interface is idle, the encoded data packet is sent out in the broadcast mode; 1.8 After the sending is completed, the communication unit notifies the control and scheduling unit that the sending is successful, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state; 1.9 If the air interface remains busy and the sending fails, the communication unit notifies the control and scheduling unit that the sending fails, and the communication unit automatically enters the listening state, waiting for the next instruction from the control and scheduling unit; 2. The steps for receiving private protocol data are as follows: 2.1 The control and scheduling unit and the communication unit corresponding to the intelligent manhole cover at the receiving end perform two-way communication using the SPI interface; 2.2 Each communication unit has a unique independent address globally; 2.3 The control and scheduling unit is in the working state after being powered on, and the communication unit is in the receiving mode; 2.4 The communication unit only responds to the broadcast data transmitted through the air interface and the data whose destination address is its own address; 2.5 After the communication unit receives the data packet sent to the local machine, it transmits it to the control and scheduling unit through the SPI; 2.5 The control and scheduling unit is responsible for data decoding and processing, and the communication unit continues to be in the listening mode.

6. The intelligent manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a data storage module for storing data.

7. The intelligent manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a power supply unit for supplying power to the sensor unit, the communication unit, and the control and scheduling unit.

8. The intelligent manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor unit includes one or several of an inclination sensor, a pressure sensor, a vibration sensor, an acoustic wave sensor, and a laser rangefinder.

9. The intelligent manhole cover with highly reliable wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: Under normal circumstances, the intelligent manhole cover communicates with the data scheduling center through the metropolitan area network communication module, and at the same time, detects the signals of the surrounding environment through the private protocol of the private communication protocol module.