Four-blocking desalting technology innovative integrated system for saline-alkali soil in arid and semi-arid regions

Abstract

The invention provides an arid and semi-arid region saline-alkali soil four-blocking desalting technology innovation integrated system, which comprises the following steps of: constructing a regional big data water conservancy monitoring system, reducing a diving burial depth to a safety line, and blocking upper circulation of salt; an intelligent straw smashing system is innovated, a plough bottom isolation layer is established, and middle circulation of salt is blocked; a soil surface dry-type desalting system is created, a salt layer on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil is removed, 'lower circulation 'of salt is blocked, salt is prepared by comprehensively stripping a salt soil layer, waste is turned into wealth, and'recycling' of the salt is blocked, and the method has the advantages that a'four-blocking 'desalting technology innovative integrated system is provided on the basis of the scientific rule of soil water and salt movement and aiming at the salt accumulation and dissolution characteristics of the saline-alkali soil; the circulation rule of salt in saline-alkali soil is revealed, accumulation and circulation activity of salt in the soil are comprehensively blocked through key measures, scientific regulation and control of only decreasing but not increasing of the soil salt are achieved, it is ensured that the salt content of a plant root system layer is kept at the level not affecting growth, or the influence of the salt content is reduced to the minimum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a desalination technology for saline-alkali land in arid and semi-arid areas, and in particular to an innovative integrated system for four-block desalination technology for saline-alkali land in arid and semi-arid areas, belonging to the technical field of farmland desalination. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land refers to land with high salt content in the soil. These salts have an inhibitory and harmful effect on plant growth, and are the main cause of desertification and the main source of large-scale saline-alkali dust storms. my country's saline-alkali land is widely distributed and of many types. It is mainly distributed in the arid and semi-arid plains in the north or in local low-lying and coastal plains. The area is about 1.5 billion mu, accounting for about 1 / 10 of my country's territory, and is growing at an annual rate of 1.5%. Among them, saline-alkali land in the arid and semi-arid areas of the "Three Norths" accounts for 82.2% of the total national total, and the areas of mild, moderate and severe saline-alkali land account for 48.8%, 35.4% and 15.8% of the saline-alkali land area in the region, respectively. Faced with this severe situation, the country attaches great importance to the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land, and regards it as an important way to supplement arable land resources, protect existing arable land, and enhance the comprehensive agricultural production capacity. It has far-reaching strategic significance for ensuring national food security. The "four-blocking" desalination technology innovation integrated system is an innovative technology invented based on the scientific laws of water and salt movement in saline-alkali soil, focusing on the important technical link of "land management".

[0003] At present, the improvement of saline-alkali land in arid and semi-arid areas mainly relies on the traditional methods of washing salt with water and selecting alkali by salt sprinkling, supplemented by various improvement means such as engineering, biology, physics and chemistry. However, these methods generally have the disadvantages of long cycle, high energy consumption, complex operation, large investment, slow effect, poor efficiency and easy salt return. It is difficult to fundamentally remove the total amount of soil salt in the region and meet the needs of efficient and sustainable development of modern agriculture. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an innovative integrated system of "four-blocking" desalination technology for saline-alkali land in arid and semi-arid areas, which can overcome the shortcomings of traditional technologies.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the system is characterized by: building a regional big data water conservancy monitoring system, reducing the submerged groundwater burial depth to the safety line, blocking the "upper circulation" of salt, innovating an intelligent straw crushing system, establishing a plow bottom isolation layer, blocking the "middle circulation" of salt, creating a soil surface dry desalination system, removing the surface salt layer of saline-alkali land, blocking the "lower circulation" of salt, and comprehensively utilizing the stripping of salt soil layers to make salt, turning waste into treasure, and blocking the "recycling" of salt.

[0006] Carry out professional survey of saline-alkali land, draw soil classification diagrams and tables, accurately detect and measure soil types and distribution, salinity, fertility, elevation, etc., and form basic data; plan and design farmland infrastructure to ensure that groundwater levels can be effectively controlled; according to local conditions and based on reality, establish a mathematical model for soil height reduction and depression filling, calculate the amount of land leveling work, and ensure that the underground groundwater level after land leveling is controlled below 1.5 meters; design irrigation, salt drainage, and water reduction systems, strictly implement the separation of irrigation and drainage, salt and fresh water, single irrigation and single drainage, determine the comprehensive supporting plans for ditches, channels, fields, forests, roads, gates, stations, bridges, culverts, wells, underground conduits, and above-ground water-saving irrigation systems, to ensure that irrigation, drainage, and reduction can be achieved, so that the underground groundwater depth is normally maintained below 1.5 meters from the surface; according to the regional terrain difference, build three-level reservoirs: high-level freshwater reservoirs, middle-level intermediate water reservoirs, and low-level saltwater reservoirs to achieve cascade utilization, recycling, and conservation of water resources.

[0007] The innovative intelligent straw crushing system includes: purchasing suitable straw bales to ensure their quality and quantity; using intelligent straw crushers to crush the straw bales into fine particles; burying the crushed straw particles between the crop root layer and the deep soil to form a plow bottom isolation layer to block the upward and downward circulation of salt.

[0008] The comprehensive utilization of stripped salt soil layer to make salt includes: establishing a temporary salt drying field, moving the surface salt soil collected by the dry desalter out of the field, and leaching it centrally, utilizing the evaporation of water vapor in arid areas; placing the separated brine into a temporary salt drying field, utilizing strong sunlight for salt drying; and using the desalted soil for land leveling, industrial and transportation construction, thereby realizing the resource utilization of saline-alkali soil.

[0009] The dry desalter comprises: (1) Frame system: As the basic support of the whole machine, it is welded with high-strength steel to ensure the stability and durability of the machine. The frame is equipped with a suspension device that can be connected to power equipment such as tractors to realize the movement and operation of the machine.

[0010] (2) Salt storage system: including salt storage box, discharge port and other components. The salt storage box adopts a large-capacity design to collect and temporarily store the removed salt soil; the discharge port is equipped with a controllable valve to easily discharge the salt soil for subsequent processing.

[0011] (3) Salt unloading system: It consists of an auger conveying device, a hydraulic drive mechanism, etc. The auger conveying device is installed inside the salt storage tank. Driven by the hydraulic drive mechanism, the salt soil in the salt storage tank is transported to the unloading port to realize automatic unloading of the salt soil.

[0012] (4) Fan system: A high-power, high-efficiency fan is selected and connected to the suction nozzle system through a pipeline. When the fan is working, it generates a strong suction force to suck the salt soil at the suction nozzle and transport it to the salt storage system.

[0013] (5) Brush plate system: It consists of multiple brush plates, brush plate brackets, drive motors, etc. The brush plates are made of a mixture of steel wire and nylon wire, which has good wear resistance and loosening effect. They can fully cover and loosen the surface layer of saline-alkali land, making the salt soil loose and convenient for the suction operation of the suction nozzle system; the brush plate bracket is connected to the frame through a connecting mechanism, and the drive motor drives the brush plate head to rotate to loosen the salt soil.

[0014] (6) Suction nozzle system: including suction nozzle, suction nozzle bracket, height adjustment mechanism, etc. The suction nozzle adopts a special design, which is in close contact with the ground to form a good sealing effect, ensuring that the salt soil can be effectively sucked in; the suction nozzle bracket is connected to the frame through the height adjustment mechanism, and the height position of the suction nozzle can be flexibly adjusted according to different terrains and operation requirements.

[0015] (7) Oil pump system and hydraulic system: The oil pump system provides power for the hydraulic system. The hydraulic system drives the movement of various working parts through actuators such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors, such as the lifting of the brush system and the auger conveying of the salt unloading system, to achieve automated operation of the machine.

[0016] (8) Electronic control system: It is the control core of the machine and adopts advanced microcomputer controller and sensor technology. The microcomputer controller automatically controls the operation of each system according to the preset program and the signal fed back by the sensor, realizing intelligent control of the machine operation process; the sensors include salt sensors, soil moisture sensors, position sensors, etc., which are used to monitor the soil conditions of saline-alkali land and the operation status of the machine in real time, providing data support for intelligent control.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: based on the scientific laws of soil water and salt movement, and targeting the characteristics of salt accumulation and dissolution in saline-alkali land, an innovative "four-blocking" desalination technology innovation integrated system is proposed for the first time, aiming to reveal the circulation laws of salt in saline-alkali soil, and through four key technical measures, comprehensively block the accumulation and circulation of salt in the soil, realize the scientific regulation of soil salinity "only reducing but not increasing", and ensure that the salt content in the plant root layer is maintained at a level that does not affect growth, or its impact is minimized. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] 1. Build a regional big data water conservancy monitoring system to reduce the burial depth to a safe level and block the "upward circulation" of salt 1. Carry out a professional survey of saline-alkali land: draw soil classification diagrams and tables, accurately detect and measure soil types and distribution, salinity, fertility, elevation, etc., to form basic data and provide a basis for planning and improvement; 2. Planning, design and farmland infrastructure: ensure that groundwater levels can be effectively controlled; 3. Determine the planning principles and overall ideas: formulate scientific and reasonable planning schemes to ensure that the groundwater level is controlled within a safe range; 4. Prepare construction plan for the project area: Based on the survey results, formulate a detailed construction plan for the project area, including land leveling, irrigation, drainage and other projects; 5. Carry out engineering design: design specific engineering solutions, including irrigation system, drainage system, land leveling, etc.; 6. Establish a mathematical model for soil cutting and filling: calculate the land leveling work volume to ensure that the groundwater level after land leveling is controlled below 1.5 meters; 7. Design irrigation, salt drainage and water reduction systems: strictly implement the separation of irrigation and drainage, salt and fresh water, single irrigation and single drainage, determine the comprehensive supporting plans for ditches, canals, fields, forests, roads, gates, stations, bridges, culverts, wells, underground pipes, and above-ground water-saving irrigation systems, ensure that irrigation, drainage and reduction can be achieved, and keep the underground groundwater depth below the safety line of 1.5 meters from the surface, blocking its "upward circulation" from connecting with surface water and causing salt return; 8. Build three-level reservoirs: high-level freshwater reservoirs for irrigation, middle-level intermediate water reservoirs for dissolving salt from the stripped surface heavy salt soil, and low-level saltwater reservoirs for tailwater collection and treatment. Realize the cascade utilization, recycling, and economical and intensive utilization of water resources. The main functions include water storage, multiple recycling of internal water resources, salty and fresh water blending, raising water temperature, aquaculture, fishing and leisure; 9. Establish a well irrigation system: In areas where surface water is insufficient but groundwater is abundant, establish well irrigation and well drainage systems in accordance with laws and regulations to ensure a stable supply of irrigation water.

[0019] 2. Innovate the intelligent straw crushing system, establish a plow bottom isolation layer, and block the salt "mid-cycle" Intelligent integrated straw crushing system: The purchased straw bales are crushed at high speed and efficiency and buried in the soil layer, establishing a plow bottom isolation layer between the crop root layer and the deep soil layer, thereby blocking the rise of deep salt in the soil and the downward movement of surface salt in the soil.

[0020] 1. Purchase straw bales: Choose suitable straw bales to ensure their quality and quantity; 2. High-speed and efficient crushing: Use intelligent straw crusher to crush straw bales into fine particles; 3. Uniform spraying: Build an adjustable straw dosage system, set the dosage according to different lands, and spray evenly; 4. Bury in the soil layer: The crushed straw particles are buried between the crop root layer and the deep soil through mechanical plowing to form an isolation layer at the bottom of the plow, blocking the upward and downward circulation of salt.

[0021] 3. Create a soil surface dry desalination system to remove the salt layer on the surface of saline-alkali land and block the "downward circulation" of salt 1. Dry desalination machine for salt-accumulated layer on soil surface: A dry desalination machine has been developed to quickly remove salt accumulated on the surface of saline soil. It can complete the rapid operations of loosening, cleaning, dusting, absorbing salt, storing and unloading and transferring the salt layer in one go. It is easy to operate, fast and efficient, and has promoted the process of improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil.

[0022] 2. System composition: (1) Frame system: As the basic support of the whole machine, it is welded with high-strength steel to ensure the stability and durability of the machine. The frame is equipped with a suspension device that can be connected to power equipment such as tractors to realize the movement and operation of the machine; (2) Salt storage system: including salt storage box, discharge port and other components. The salt storage box adopts a large-capacity design to collect and temporarily store the removed salt soil; the discharge port is equipped with a controllable valve to easily discharge the salt soil for subsequent treatment; (3) Salt unloading system: It consists of an auger conveying device, a hydraulic drive mechanism, etc. The auger conveying device is installed inside the salt storage box. Driven by the hydraulic drive mechanism, the salt soil in the salt storage box is transported to the unloading port to realize automatic unloading of the salt soil; (4) Fan system: Use a high-power, high-efficiency fan connected to the suction nozzle system through a pipeline. When the fan is working, it generates a strong suction force to suck the salt soil at the suction nozzle and transport it to the salt storage system; (5) Brush plate system: It consists of multiple brush plates, brush plate brackets, drive motors, etc. The brush plates are made of a mixture of steel wire and nylon wire tied into bundles, which have good wear resistance and loosening effect. They can fully cover and loosen the surface layer of saline-alkali land, making the salt soil loose and convenient for the suction operation of the suction nozzle system; the brush plate bracket is connected to the frame through a connecting mechanism, and the drive motor drives the brush plate head to rotate to loosen the salt soil; (6) Suction nozzle system: including suction nozzle, suction nozzle bracket, height adjustment mechanism, etc. The suction nozzle adopts a special design, which is in close contact with the ground to form a good sealing effect, ensuring that the salt soil can be effectively sucked in; the suction nozzle bracket is connected to the frame through the height adjustment mechanism, and the height position of the suction nozzle can be flexibly adjusted according to different terrains and operation requirements; (7) Oil pump system and hydraulic system: The oil pump system provides power for the hydraulic system. The hydraulic system drives the movement of various working parts through actuators such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors, such as the lifting of the brush system and the conveying of the auger of the salt unloading system, to achieve automated operation of the machine; (8) Electronic control system: It is the control core of the machine and adopts advanced microcomputer controller and sensor technology. The microcomputer controller automatically controls the operation of each system according to the preset program and the signal fed back by the sensor, realizing intelligent control of the machine operation process; the sensors include salt sensors, soil moisture sensors, position sensors, etc., which are used to monitor the soil conditions of saline-alkali land and the operation status of the machine in real time, providing data support for intelligent control.

[0023] 3. The operation process includes: (1) Preliminary preparation: Conduct a professional survey of saline-alkali land, determine the operation area and parameters, connect equipment, and conduct commissioning and inspection; (2) Loosening and cleaning the topsoil: Start the brush disc system and rotate the brush disc head to loosen the salt soil and clean up the debris; (3) Salt absorption and storage: The fan system is started, and the suction force sucks the loose salt soil into the salt storage system for storage; (4) Salt unloading and transfer: When the salt storage system is full, the salt unloading system will work to unload the salt soil and transfer it to a designated location for treatment; (5) Post-processing: cleaning and maintaining the machine, inspecting and replacing worn parts, and processing the discharged salt soil for resource utilization.

[0024] 4. Comprehensive utilization of stripped salt soil layer to make salt (1) Centralized leaching: The collected surface saline soil is centrally leached to separate the salt and sediment; (2) Salt drying: The separated brine is placed in a temporary salt drying field and the salt is dried using the strong sunlight in arid areas; (3) Resource utilization: The desalinated soil is used for land leveling, industrial and urban construction, turning waste into treasure and realizing the resource utilization of saline-alkali soil.

[0025] 4. Comprehensively utilize the stripping of saline soil layers to make salt, turning waste into treasure and blocking the "recycling" of salt 1. Establish a temporary salt field: move the surface salt soil collected by the dry desalter out of the field and conduct centralized leaching to utilize the water vapor in the arid area; 2. Centralized leaching: The collected surface saline soil is centrally leached to separate the salt and sediment; 3. Salt drying: The separated brine is placed in a temporary salt drying field and the strong sunlight in arid areas is used to dry the salt; 4. Resource utilization: The desalinated soil is used for land leveling, industrial and transportation construction, turning waste into treasure and realizing the resource utilization of saline-alkali soil.

[0026] 5. Build a regional big data water conservancy monitoring system 1. Professional census: Conduct a detailed professional census of the target saline-alkali land, draw soil classification diagrams and tables, accurately detect and measure soil type and distribution, salinity, fertility, elevation, etc., and form basic data.

[0027] 2. Planning and design: Based on the survey results, formulate a detailed construction plan for the project area, including engineering design such as land leveling, irrigation, and drainage.

[0028] 3. Project implementation: (1) Land leveling: Based on the mathematical model of soil height reduction and soil depression filling, the land leveling workload is calculated to ensure that the groundwater level after land leveling is controlled below 1.5 meters; (2) Irrigation system: design and construct high-level freshwater reservoirs, mid-level intermediate water reservoirs, and low-level saltwater reservoirs to achieve cascade utilization, recycling, and conservation of water resources; (3) Drainage system: Strictly implement the separation of irrigation and drainage, separation of salty and fresh water, and separate irrigation and drainage to ensure that the groundwater level is controlled below the safety line; (4) Monitoring and management: Using big data analysis technology, we can monitor the groundwater level and soil salinity changes in real time, and adjust irrigation and drainage plans in a timely manner to ensure that the groundwater level remains below the safety line; (5) Innovative intelligent and integrated straw crushing system; (6) Purchase straw bales: Select appropriate straw bales and ensure their quality and quantity; (7) High-speed and efficient crushing: Use an intelligent straw crusher to crush straw bales into fine particles; (8) Spray evenly and bury in the soil layer: Plough the crushed straw particles and bury them between the crop root layer and the deep soil to form an isolation layer at the bottom of the plow, blocking the upward and downward circulation of salt.

[0029] VI. Innovations, advantages and conclusions of the present invention 1. Innovation (1) Systematic solution: This invention proposes for the first time a comprehensive, systematic, and novel “four-blocking” desalination technology that comprehensively blocks the accumulation and infinite circulation of salt in the soil from multiple levels, achieving scientific regulation of soil salinity to “only reduce but not increase”, ensuring that the salt content in the root layer of crops (plants) is maintained at a level that does not affect growth, or minimizes its impact.

[0030] (2) Big data water conservancy technology: By building a regional big data water conservancy monitoring system, the groundwater level can be scientifically and accurately controlled, the groundwater depth can be reduced to a safe level, and the salt "upward circulation" can be blocked. This is one of the basic innovations of the present invention.

[0031] (3) Intelligent straw crushing system: The intelligent straw crushing system is innovatively used to establish an isolation layer at the bottom of the plow, block the salt "middle circulation", effectively prevent the rise of deep salt and the downward movement of surface salt, and reduce the circulation of salt in the middle layer of the soil.

[0032] (4) Dry desalination machinery for salt layers on saline-alkali soil surfaces: The dry desalination machinery for salt layers on saline-alkali soil surfaces can quickly and efficiently remove the salt layers on the surface of saline-alkali land and block the “downward circulation” of salt. It is easy to operate, fast and efficient, and has promoted the process of saline-alkali soil improvement and utilization.

[0033] (5) Resource Utilization of Saline Soil: Comprehensively utilize the stripping of saline soil layers to produce salt, turning waste into treasure, and blocking the "recycling" of salt, thus realizing the resource utilization of saline-alkali soil and having significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0034] 2. Advantages (1) Efficient improvement of saline-alkali land: Through the "four-blocking" desalination technology, the salt accumulation on the surface of saline-alkali land can be quickly and effectively removed, the soil salt content can be reduced, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved, the agricultural utilization value of saline-alkali land can be increased, and a good soil environment can be created for the growth of crops, which helps to improve the yield and quality of crops and increase farmers' income.

[0035] (2) Create intelligent, integrated dry desalination technology: Get rid of the dependence on freshwater resources for the improvement of saline-alkali land in arid and semi-arid areas, and achieve effective use of salt water and economical and intensive use of fresh water.

[0036] (3) Resource recovery and reuse: Converting salt in saline-alkali land into valuable industrial products realizes resource recovery and reuse, improves resource utilization efficiency, reduces resource waste, and has significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0037] (4) Energy saving and consumption reduction: Using renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy to power the system reduces the consumption of traditional energy, reduces energy costs, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions, meeting the requirements of sustainable development.

[0038] (5) High degree of automation: Each module of the system is equipped with an intelligent control system, which can realize automated operation and management, reduce manual intervention, improve operation efficiency and accuracy, reduce labor intensity, and improve system reliability and stability.

[0039] (6) Wide scope of application: This technology is applicable to various types of saline-alkali land in arid and semi-arid areas. It is not restricted by terrain and soil conditions and has wide application value. It has important practical significance for areas such as northern my country where saline-alkali land is widely distributed.

[0040] 3. Conclusion The "four-blocking" desalination technology innovation integrated system of the present invention, through comprehensive and systematic scientific and technological innovation and integration, builds a regional big data water conservancy monitoring system, an innovative intelligent straw crushing system, a dry desalination system for the surface salt accumulation layer, and a comprehensive utilization of stripped salt soil layer for salt production, which comprehensively blocks the accumulation and circulation of salt in the soil and realizes the scientific regulation of "only reducing but not increasing" the soil salt. This technology can not only effectively improve saline-alkali land and increase its agricultural and animal husbandry utilization value, but also can make use of the removed salt as a resource, turning waste into treasure, with significant economic, social and environmental benefits, and is widely applicable to various types of saline-alkali land in arid and semi-arid areas, and has a strong value for promotion and application.

[0041] The above invention application elaborates in detail the innovative points, advantages, specific implementation methods and claims of the "four-blocking" desalination technology innovation integrated system, highlighting its scientific and technological innovation and practical application value in saline-alkali land improvement and resource utilization.

Claims

1. An innovative integrated system for four-blocking desalination technology for saline-alkali land in arid and semi-arid areas, characterized in that: The technologies include: building a regional big data water conservancy monitoring system, reducing the groundwater burial depth to a safe line, blocking the upward circulation of salt, innovating an intelligent straw crushing system, establishing a plow bottom isolation layer, blocking the middle circulation of salt, creating a soil surface dry desalination system, removing the surface salt layer of saline-alkali land, blocking the downward circulation of salt, and comprehensively utilizing the stripped salt soil layer to make salt, turning waste into treasure, and blocking the recycling of salt.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The construction of the regional big data water conservancy monitoring system includes: conducting a professional survey of saline-alkali land, drawing soil classification diagrams and tables, accurately detecting and measuring soil types and distribution, salinity, fertility, elevation, etc., to form basic data; planning and designing farmland infrastructure to ensure that the groundwater level can be effectively controlled; taking local conditions into consideration and starting from reality, establishing a mathematical model for soil height reduction and depression filling, calculating the land leveling project volume, and ensuring that the underground groundwater level after land leveling is controlled below 1.5 meters; designing irrigation , drain salty water, and reduce waterlogging. Strictly implement the separation of irrigation and drainage, and separation of salty and fresh water, and single irrigation and single drainage. Determine the comprehensive supporting plans for ditches, canals, fields, forests, roads, gates, stations, bridges, culverts, wells, underground pipes, and ground water-saving irrigation systems to ensure irrigation, drainage, and reduction, so that the underground groundwater depth is normally maintained below 1.5 meters from the ground surface; according to the regional terrain difference, build three-level reservoirs: high-level freshwater reservoirs, middle-level intermediate water reservoirs, and low-level saltwater reservoirs to achieve cascade utilization, recycling and economical utilization of water resources.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The innovative intelligent straw crushing system includes: purchasing suitable straw bales to ensure their quality and quantity; using intelligent straw crushers to crush the straw bales into fine particles; burying the crushed straw particles between the crop root layer and the deep soil to form a plow bottom isolation layer to block the upward and downward circulation of salt.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that The comprehensive utilization of stripped salt soil layer to make salt includes: establishing a temporary salt drying field, moving the surface salt soil collected by the dry desalter out of the field, and leaching it centrally, utilizing the evaporation of water vapor in arid areas; placing the separated brine into a temporary salt drying field, utilizing strong sunlight for salt drying; and using the desalted soil for land leveling, industrial and transportation construction, thereby realizing the resource utilization of saline-alkali soil.