Self-propelled sunflower harvester

Abstract

The invention provides a self-propelled sunflower harvester, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and structurally comprises a self-propelled vehicle machine and a frame, a header is arranged at the front end of the frame, and a primary conveyor and a secondary conveyor are communicated with the rear of the header; the rear part of the secondary conveyor is communicated with a thresher; a screening mechanism is arranged below the thresher, and the screening mechanism is composed of a first-stage vibrating screen which is composed of a swinging fish scale screen and rushes backwards, and a second-stage vibrating screen which is composed of a swinging stepped dense mesh screen and rushes forwards; the screening mechanism communicates with the conveying and lifting mechanism. The conveying and lifting mechanism comprises a transverse auger and a bucket elevator. And the conveying and lifting mechanism is connected with the grain collecting hopper. Sunflower seeds and sunflower discs can be well separated, the sunflower seeds and the sunflower discs are conveyed in two paths respectively during threshing, and simple and efficient threshing and separation can be achieved. The threshing process is automatically completed, manpower and material resources are saved, and good harvesting and harvesting effects are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a self-propelled sunflower harvester. Background Art

[0002] Generally, traditional sunflower seeds are picked manually, and large-scale picking is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The use of self-propelled sunflower harvesters has greatly improved the productivity of sunflower harvesting operations, while reducing the labor intensity of sunflower harvesting. However, traditional sunflower harvesters have low efficiency and yield for harvesting seeds, and the seeds are often mixed with other seeds, and the harvest quality is also unstable. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical task of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a self-propelled sunflower harvester.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented in the following manner: the self-propelled sunflower harvester of the present invention comprises a self-propelled vehicle and a frame, and a header is arranged at the front end of the frame. The rear of the header is connected with a primary conveyor and a secondary conveyor; The rear of the secondary conveyor is connected to a thresher; A screening mechanism is arranged below the thresher, the screening mechanism is connected to the conveying and lifting mechanism, and the conveying and lifting mechanism is connected to the grain collecting hopper.

[0005] The thresher is arranged as a single-drum thresher or a double-drum thresher; the structure of the threshing unit of the single-drum thresher or the double-drum thresher is: A threshing shaft is arranged in a horizontally vertical cylinder; A screw conveying blade is fixedly arranged on the front shaft of the threshing shaft, and the screw conveying direction is arranged backward, and the front cylinder where the screw conveying blade is located constitutes the front screw conveying section; A feeding port is provided above the cylinder of the front spiral conveying section, and the feeding port is connected with the end of the secondary conveyor; The middle and rear shaft body of the threshing shaft is fixed with spirally arranged crushing and stirring ribs, the crushing and stirring ribs and the middle and rear shaft body constitute the crushing and stirring shaft, and the middle and rear barrel body where the crushing and stirring shaft is located constitutes the crushing and threshing section; The last section of the threshing shaft is fixed with centrifugal plates dispersedly arranged with the axis radiating radius, and the centrifugal edges of the centrifugal plates are fixed with centrifugal rake nails; the last section of the cylinder where the centrifugal plates are located constitutes the sunflower pieces centrifugal throwing section; A discharge port for returning the crushed sunflower heads to the field along the rotating tangential direction is provided on the cylinder of the centrifugal ejection section of the crushed sunflower heads; A grain rib screen is arranged at the belly of the lower half of the cylinder of the crushing and threshing section and the sunflower head centrifugal ejection section, and the ribs of the grain rib screen are arranged horizontally from left to right.

[0006] A screening mechanism is arranged on the frame below the threshing unit, the screening mechanism is composed of a grain screening bin, the rear part of which is open to the outside, and a fish scale screen frame, a fixing frame and a bottom bracket are arranged in the grain screening bin; The fish scale screen frame is fixedly connected with a fish scale screen, the raised part of the scales of the fish scale screen faces backward, and the gaps between the scales form a mesh channel for sunflower seeds to fall through; A fixed position hinge point is fixedly arranged on the fixed position hinge point, a triangular crank handle is hinged on the fixed position hinge point, a middle turning point of the triangular crank handle is hinged on the fixed position hinge point, an upper end of the triangular crank handle is rotatably hinged to the fish scale screen frame, and a lower end of the triangular crank handle is rotatably hinged to the bottom bracket; The triangular crank handles are arranged one at the front and rear of the fixed frame and two at the left and right edges, combining the fish scale screen frame and the bottom bracket into a swing mechanism; The bottom bracket is tilted, with its front end sinking and its rear end tilting. The bottom bracket is provided with a stepped dense mesh screen that sinks forward in a stepped manner along the tilted downward direction. The size of the dense mesh holes of the stepped dense mesh screen is smaller than that of sunflower seeds. An eccentric rotating shaft is arranged at the bottom of the rear end of the frame, and the eccentric rotating shaft is hinged to the bottom bracket through a rocker; The rotation of the eccentric shaft drives the rocker to swing, and the swing of the rocker drives the bottom bracket to swing with the fixed hinge point as the fulcrum; when the bottom bracket swings, the fish scale screen frame swings in the opposite direction with the fixed hinge point as the fulcrum; The swinging fish scale screen forms a first-stage vibrating screen that flows backward; The swinging stepped fine mesh screen forms a secondary vibrating screen that surges forward.

[0007] A fan is arranged at the front end of the grain screening bin, and the fan adopts a cross-flow fan; The main wind power output of the fan is from the bottom of the threshing unit, along the channel between the grain rib screen and the fish scale screen of the threshing cylinder, and blown from front to back to the outside of the tail of the machine, forming the first air selection and air delivery channel; The secondary wind output of the fan is blown from the bottom of the fish scale screen, along the channel between the fish scale screen and the stepped dense mesh screen, from front to back to the outside of the tail of the machine, forming a second air selection and air delivery channel.

[0008] A wind selection baffle is provided on the grain screening bin behind the tail end of the fish scale screen; The wind selection baffle is arranged along the left and right spans of the seed screening bin, and the wind selection baffle is arranged obliquely, and the windward surface of the wind selection baffle is upward and inclined toward the end of the first wind selection air delivery channel, and toward the end of the second wind selection air delivery channel; the wind selection baffle is used to block the sunflower seeds being air-delivered and rebound them to the second wind selection air delivery channel; The front end of the wind selection baffle is hinged on the grain screening bin, and the rear end is flexibly connected to the arc adjustment rail hole on the wall of the grain screening bin; Dense mesh holes are arranged on the surface of the wind selection baffle.

[0009] The middle part of the frame is equipped with a conveying and lifting mechanism, which includes a horizontal auger and a bucket elevator; The front bottom of the grain screening bin in the front direction of the stepped dense mesh screen is connected to the horizontal auger; the horizontal auger is sideways and connected to the bucket elevator, and the top of the bucket elevator unloads toward the grain collecting hopper behind the frame, and a spiral material distributor is arranged at the horizontal position of the loading level line of the grain collecting hopper.

[0010] The front part of the cutting platform is provided with crop dividers which are arranged at equal intervals in the left and right sides; The front end of each crop divider is configured as an inter-row crop dividing tip; The main body of each crop divider is provided with a longitudinal belt conveyor for conveying backwards, and a baffle is provided on the conveying surface of the conveyor belt of the longitudinal belt conveyor, and the longitudinal belt conveyor is used to convey the sunflower heads backwards; Passive rotating rollers are respectively arranged on both sides of the upper conveying surface of each longitudinal belt conveyor, and each passive rotating roller is arranged longitudinally to assist in separating the sunflower heads and sunflower stems during the rearward movement of the rows of plants on the straw divider; A stem cutting blade is fixedly arranged on the cutting table at the rear end of the row channel between two adjacent crop dividers on the left and right sides, the front end of the stem cutting blade is inclined downward and the height is lower than the upper conveying surface of the longitudinal belt conveyor, and the rear end is inclined upward; A horizontal shaft arranged in the left and right directions is set up at the rear end below the plane of the cutting platform formed by the grass divider, and a protruding paddle is fixedly distributed on the shaft body of the horizontal shaft. The horizontal shaft with the paddle is used to roll down the sunflower stems, and the horizontal shaft adopts a square shaft; Two opposite horizontal belt conveyors are arranged at the tail of the header to collect the sunflower heads transported by the vertical belt conveyor inwards; a collecting hopper is arranged between the two opposite horizontal belt conveyors to collect the sunflower heads collected inwards; The bottom of each crop divider on the cutting table plane is hinged to the cutting table suspension frame at the end of the cutting table through an oblique support rod; The header suspension frame is fixedly connected to the header control frame at the front end of the frame.

[0011] The primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor are longitudinally arranged in the middle of the frame, and both are inclined, with the front end downward and the rear end upward, for conveying sunflower heads by lifting the height difference between the central hopper of the header and the thresher at the rear of the frame in two stages; Both the primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor are provided with a shell, and a conveyor channel is formed between the shell and the internal upper conveying plane. The conveyor channels of the primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor are connected in sequence; The upstream end of the first-stage conveyor is connected to the centralized hopper of the header; The downstream end of the secondary conveyor is communicated with the front end of the threshing unit cylinder.

[0012] The self-propelled vehicle machine is equipped with a driving control mechanism, a power mechanism, a drive mechanism, and a chassis travel mechanism; The driving control mechanism controls the power mechanism to drive the chassis traveling mechanism to move forward; The power mechanism drives the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the cutting table, the primary conveyor, the secondary conveyor, the thresher, the screening mechanism, and the conveying and lifting mechanism to operate.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The self-propelled sunflower harvester of the present invention can achieve good separation of sunflower seeds and sunflower disks, and during threshing, the sunflower seeds and sunflower disks are transported and processed separately in two ways, so that threshing and separation can be simple and efficient. The threshing process is completed automatically, saving manpower and material resources.

[0014] The sunflower seeds obtained have low breakage rate, high qualified rate of finished products, high yield, and few seed impurities. The whole machine is highly practical and has good working flexibility. It can adjust the parameters of various equipment mechanisms according to the growth status and variety of sunflowers, and cooperate with the process to play a good role in harvesting and reaping.

[0015] The self-propelled sunflower harvester of the present invention has a complete structure, and its actuators are divided according to work sections. It is convenient and practical, easy to repair, has good operating capacity, reduces the occurrence of maintenance shutdowns, and effectively improves the efficiency of sunflower harvesting operations.

[0016] The operating prerequisite of the harvesting platform of the self-propelled sunflower harvester of the present invention is that the sunflower heads are preferably cut off at the neck by hand in the field and inserted into the sunflower stems for drying to achieve dry conditions for harvesting.

[0017] The self-propelled sunflower harvester of the present invention has reasonable design, simple structure, safety and reliability, convenient use, easy maintenance, and has good promotion and use value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Attached Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the general assembly structure of the present invention; Attached Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of the present invention; Attached Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a threshing unit of the present invention; Attached Figure 4 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of the crushing and threshing section of the present invention; Attached Figure 5 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the threshing unit of the present invention; Attached Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the top view layout structure of the screening mechanism of the present invention; Attached Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of the screening mechanism and the conveying and lifting mechanism of the present invention; Attached Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the thresher, screening mechanism and conveying and lifting mechanism of the present invention; Attached Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the cutting platform of the present invention; Attached Fig.10 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the header of the present invention; Attached Fig.11 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the thresher of the present invention; Attached Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the grain collecting hopper of the present invention; Attached Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the general assembly of the present invention.

[0019] The symbols in the accompanying drawings represent: 1. Self-propelled vehicle, 2. Rack, 3. Cutting table, 4. Primary conveyor, 5. Secondary conveyor, 6. Thresher, 7. Screening mechanism, 8. Conveying and lifting mechanism, 9. Grain collecting hopper, 10. Threshing unit, 11. Cylinder, 12. Threshing shaft, 13. Screw conveyor blades, 14. Front screw conveyor section, 15. Crushing and stirring ribs, 16. Crushing and stirring shaft, 17. Crushing and threshing section, 18. Centrifugal plate, 19. Centrifugal rake nails, 20. Centrifugal ejection section for sunflower pieces, 21. Discharge port, 22. Grain rib screen, 23. Grain screening chamber, 24. Fish scale screen frame, 25. Fixed frame, 26. Bottom bracket, 27. Fish scale screen, 28. Scales, 29. Mesh channel for sunflower seeds to fall through, 30. Fixed hinge point, 31. Triangular crank handle, 32. Swing mechanism, 33. Stepped dense mesh screen, 34. Eccentric shaft, 35. Rocker, 36. The first-stage vibrating screen flows backwards. 37. The secondary vibrating screen rushes forward. 38. Fan, 39. First air selection and air delivery channel, 40. Second air selection and air delivery channel, 41. Wind selection baffle, 42. Windward side, 43. Arc adjustment rail hole, 44. Dense mesh, 45. Horizontal auger, 46. Bucket elevator, 47. Spiral material distributor, 48. Grain divider, 49. Grain divider tip between rows, 50. Vertical belt conveyor, 51. Baffle, 52. Passive rotating roller, 53. Stem cutting blade, 54, horizontal axis, 55, pick, 56. Horizontal belt conveyor, 57. Central hopper, 58. Oblique support rod, 59. Cutting platform suspension frame, 60. Cutting platform control frame, 61. housing, 62. conveyor channel, 63. Driving control mechanism, 64. Power mechanism, 65. Drive mechanism, 66. Chassis running mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The self-propelled sunflower harvester of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] As shown in the accompanying drawings, the self-propelled sunflower harvester of the present invention comprises a self-propelled vehicle (1) and a frame (2), and its structure is as follows: a cutting table (3) is arranged at the front end of the frame (2); The rear of the header (3) is connected to a primary conveyor (4) and a secondary conveyor (5); The rear of the secondary conveyor (5) is connected to a thresher (6); A screening mechanism (7) is arranged below the thresher (6), and the screening mechanism (7) is connected to the conveying and lifting mechanism (8), and the conveying and lifting mechanism (8) is connected to the grain collecting hopper (9).

[0022] The thresher (6) is configured as a single-drum thresher or a double-drum thresher; the threshing unit (10) of the single-drum thresher or the double-drum thresher has the following structure: A threshing shaft (12) is arranged inside a horizontally vertical cylinder (11); A screw conveying blade (13) is fixedly arranged on the front shaft of the threshing shaft (12), the screw conveying direction is arranged backward, and the front cylinder where the screw conveying blade is located constitutes a front screw conveying section (14); A feeding port is provided above the cylinder of the front spiral conveying section, and the feeding port is connected with the end of the secondary conveyor; A spirally arranged crushing and stirring rib (15) is fixedly arranged on the middle and rear shaft body of the threshing shaft (12); the crushing and stirring rib (15) and the middle and rear shaft body constitute a crushing and stirring shaft (16); and the middle and rear cylinder body where the crushing and stirring shaft (16) is located constitutes a crushing and threshing section (17); Centrifugal plates (18) are fixed to the end of the threshing shaft (12) and are arranged in a dispersed manner with a radial radius from the axis. Centrifugal rake nails (19) are fixed to the centrifugal edges of the centrifugal plates (18). The end of the cylinder where the centrifugal plates are located constitutes a sunflower head centrifugal ejection section (20). A discharge port (21) for returning the sunflower pieces to the field along the tangential direction of the rotation is provided on the cylinder of the sunflower pieces centrifugal ejection section (20); A seed rib screen (22) is arranged on the belly of the lower semicircle of the cylinder of the crushing and threshing section (14) and the sunflower head centrifugal ejection section (17), and the ribs of the seed rib screen (22) are arranged horizontally on the left and right sides.

[0023] A screening mechanism (7) is arranged on a frame below the threshing unit (10), the screening mechanism (7) being composed of a grain screening bin (23), the rear portion of which is open to the outside, and a fish scale screening frame (24), a fixing frame (25), and a bottom bracket (26) being arranged in the grain screening bin (23); A fish scale screen (27) is fixedly connected to the fish scale screen frame (24), the raised portions of the scales (28) of the fish scale screen (27) face backwards, and the gaps between the scales form mesh channels (29) for sunflower seeds to fall through; A fixed position hinge point (30) is fixedly provided on the fixed frame (25), a triangular crank handle (31) is hingedly connected to the fixed position hinge point, a middle turning point of the triangular crank handle (31) is hingedly connected to the fixed position hinge point (30), an upper end of the triangular crank handle (31) is rotatably hinged to the fish scale screen frame (24), and a lower end of the triangular crank handle (31) is rotatably hinged to the bottom bracket (26); The triangular crank handles (31) are arranged one at each of the front and rear parts of the fixed frame and two at each of the left and right edges, so as to combine the fish scale screen frame (24) and the bottom bracket (26) into a swing mechanism (32); The bottom bracket (26) is arranged obliquely, with its front end sinking and its rear end tilting up; the bottom bracket (26) is provided with a stepped dense mesh screen (33) arranged to sink forward in a stepped manner along the oblique downward direction; the size of the dense mesh holes of the stepped dense mesh screen (33) is smaller than that of a sunflower seed; An eccentric rotating shaft (34) is provided at the bottom of the rear end of the frame, and the eccentric rotating shaft (34) is hinged to the bottom bracket (26) via a rocker (35); The rotation of the eccentric shaft (34) drives the rocker (35) to swing, and the swing of the rocker (35) drives the bottom bracket (26) to swing with the fixed position hinge point as the fulcrum; when the bottom bracket (26) swings, the fish scale screen frame (24) swings in the opposite direction with the fixed position hinge point as the fulcrum; The swinging fish scale screen (27) forms a first-stage vibrating screen (36) that flows backward; The swinging stepped fine mesh screen (33) forms a secondary vibrating screen (37) that surges forward.

[0024] At least one fan (38) is disposed at the front end of the seed screening bin (23), and the fan (38) is a cross-flow fan; The main wind output of the fan (38) is blown from the bottom of the threshing unit (10) along the channel between the grain rib screen (22) and the fish scale screen (27) of the threshing cylinder from front to back to the outside of the tail of the machine, forming a first air selection and air delivery channel (39); The secondary wind output of the fan (38) is blown from the bottom of the fish scale screen (27) along the channel between the fish scale screen (27) and the stepped dense mesh screen (33) from front to back to the outside of the tail, forming a second air selection and air delivery channel (40).

[0025] A wind selection baffle (41) is provided on the seed screening bin behind the tail end of the fish scale screen (27); The wind selection baffle (41) is arranged along the left and right spans of the seed screening bin, the wind selection baffle (41) is arranged obliquely, and the windward surface (42) of the wind selection baffle (41) is upward and obliquely directed toward the end of the first wind selection air delivery channel (39), and toward the end of the second wind selection air delivery channel (40); the wind selection baffle is used to block the sunflower seeds sent by the wind and rebound them to the second wind selection air delivery channel (40) and vibrate forward and downward; the sunflower seeds screened from the fish scale screen (27) directly fall onto the surface of the stepped dense mesh screen (33) and vibrate forward and downward; The front end of the wind selection baffle (41) is hinged on the grain screening bin, and the rear end is movably connected to the arc adjustment rail hole (43) on the wall of the grain screening bin; The wind selection baffle (41) has dense mesh holes (44) on its surface.

[0026] A conveying and lifting mechanism (8) is disposed in the middle of the frame (2), and the conveying and lifting mechanism (8) comprises a horizontally placed auger (45) and a bucket elevator (46); The front bottom of the seed screening bin (23) in the front direction of the stepped dense mesh screen (33) is connected to a transverse auger (45); the transverse auger (45) is sideways and connected to a bucket elevator (46); the top of the bucket elevator discharges material toward a seed collecting hopper (9) at the rear of the frame; a spiral material distributor (47) is provided at a horizontal position of a loading level line of the seed collecting hopper (9).

[0027] Power: The rotational power of the eccentric shaft, threshing shaft, fan, horizontal auger, bucket elevator, and spiral material distributor is driven by the mechanical power and / or hydraulic power output backwards from the power mechanism or driving mechanism on the frame.

[0028] The front part of the cutting platform (3) is provided with crop dividers (48) arranged at equal intervals in the left and right transverse directions; The front end of each crop divider (48) is provided as an inter-row crop dividing tip (49); The main body of each crop divider (48) is provided with a longitudinal belt conveyor (50) for conveying backwards, and a baffle (51) is provided on the conveying surface of the conveyor belt of the longitudinal belt conveyor (50), and the longitudinal belt conveyor is used to transport the sunflower heads backwards; Passive rotating rollers (52) are respectively arranged on both sides of the upper conveying surface of each longitudinal belt conveyor (50), and each passive rotating roller (52) is arranged longitudinally and is used to assist in separating the sunflower heads and sunflower stems during the backward movement of the rows of plants on the straw divider; A stem cutting blade (53) is fixedly arranged on the cutting table at the rear end of the row channel between two adjacent crop dividers (48) on the left and right, the front end of the stem cutting blade (53) is inclined downward and at a height lower than the upper conveying surface of the longitudinal belt conveyor, and the rear end is inclined upward; A horizontal axis (54) arranged in the left and right directions is arranged at the rear end below the plane of the cutting platform formed by the crop divider (48), and a protruding paddle (55) is fixedly distributed on the shaft body of the horizontal axis (54). The horizontal axis with the paddle is used to roll down the sunflower stems, and the horizontal axis adopts a square axis; Two oppositely disposed transverse belt conveyors (56) are provided at the tail end of the header, and are used to collect the sunflower heads conveyed by the longitudinal belt conveyor inwardly; a collecting hopper (57) is provided between the two oppositely disposed transverse belt conveyors (56), and is used to collect the sunflower heads collected inwardly; The bottom of each crop divider on the cutting table plane is hinged to the cutting table suspension frame (59) at the end of the cutting table through an oblique support rod (58); The cutting platform suspension frame (59) is fixedly connected to the cutting platform control frame (60) at the front end of the frame.

[0029] In terms of power: the two-way opposite-transporting horizontal belt conveyors, the vertical belt conveyor of the straw divider, and the horizontal axis are all equipped with power sprockets, and their rotational power is driven by the mechanical power and / or hydraulic power output from the driving mechanism of the frame to the cutting table.

[0030] The primary conveyor (4) and the secondary conveyor (5) are arranged longitudinally in the middle of the frame, and both are arranged obliquely, with the front end facing downward and the rear end facing upward, so as to convey the sunflower heads by lifting the height difference between the central hopper (57) of the header and the thresher at the rear of the frame at two levels; Both the primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor are provided with a shell (61), and a conveyor channel is formed between the shell and the internal upper conveying plane. The conveyor channels of the primary conveyor (4) and the secondary conveyor (5) are connected in sequence; The upstream end of the primary conveyor (4) is connected to the central hopper (57) of the header; The downstream end of the secondary conveyor (5) is in communication with the front end of the threshing unit cylinder.

[0031] Power: The primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor adopt baffle conveyor belts, and the power of the sprocket of the baffle conveyor belt is driven by the mechanical transmission output by the driving mechanism of the frame.

[0032] The self-propelled vehicle machine (1) is equipped with a driving control mechanism (63), a power mechanism (64), a drive mechanism (65), and a chassis traveling mechanism (66); The driving control mechanism controls the power mechanism to drive the chassis traveling mechanism to move forward; The power mechanism drives the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the cutting table, the primary conveyor, the secondary conveyor, the thresher, the screening mechanism, and the conveying and lifting mechanism to operate.

[0033] A sunflower combine harvesting method, based on the self-propelled sunflower harvester, configured with the travel speed of the self-propelled sunflower harvester; adaptively adjusted to match the working conditions and the planting conditions of sunflowers in the field: the speed of the longitudinal belt conveyor on the cutting table, the speed of the transverse belt conveyor, the speed of the transverse axis, the speed of the primary conveyor, the speed of the secondary conveyor, the speed of the threshing shaft, the speed of the fan, the speed of the eccentric shaft of the swing mechanism, the output amplitude of the eccentric shaft, the speed of the transverse auger, the speed of the bucket elevator, and the intermittent switch of the spiral leveler, so as to complete the self-propelled combine harvesting and centralized processing of sunflower seeds.

[0034] The electricity and power of each operating mechanism of the self-propelled sunflower harvester are respectively derived from the configuration of the vehicle computer's power supply, mechanical power, hydraulic power, etc., and can be configured according to the interface, which will not be described in detail here.

[0035] The sunflower plants planted in the field enter the harvesting table through the grass divider, and the sunflower heads are transported backwards through the longitudinal belt conveyor. The stem cutting blade assists in cutting or breaking off the sunflower stems. The horizontal axis with paddles assists in peeling the sunflower stems downwards. The passive rotating roller assists in separating the sunflower heads and sunflower stems. The cylindrical roller body of the passive rotating roller also effectively protects the transportation of the sunflower heads and assists in the separation of the heads and stems. The sunflower heads are sent to the horizontal belt conveyor. The two opposite horizontal belt conveyors transport the sunflower heads on both sides to the centralized hopper. The sunflower heads fall into the primary conveyor in the centralized hopper. The sunflower heads are transported to the front spiral conveying section of the threshing unit cylinder through the primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor and transported backwards. The sunflower heads enter the crushing and threshing section. The sunflower heads are centrifuged + crushed by the crushing and stirring ribs. On the one hand, the sunflower heads are crushed and broken, and on the other hand, the grains are After separation from the sunflower heads, large pieces of sunflower heads are thrown out from the discharge port into the field through the centrifugal plates and centrifugal rakes of the centrifugal throwing section of the sunflower heads. A small amount of broken sunflower head residues and leaves and a large amount of separated sunflower seeds fall from the rib gaps of the seed rib screen to the seed screening bin; the seeds are separated by the wind selection and conveying of the fan and the fish scale screen rushing backward. Most of the seeds pass through the sunflower seed drop mesh channel between the scales of the fish scale screen while rushing backward and fall to the stepped dense mesh screen rushing forward below; a small amount of seeds and sunflower head leaves are blown to the rear end by the air flow, and the seeds enter the stepped dense mesh screen below after the rebound of the wind selection baffle. As the stepped dense mesh screen rushes forward, the seeds are poured into the horizontal auger, transported horizontally to the bucket elevator for lifting, and finally leave the bucket elevator and naturally fall into the seed collecting hopper. When the grains are piled up to a certain height in the hopper, the spiral mixer will perform a horizontal conveying and leveling operation on the accumulation peak, so that the grains will eventually pile up and fill the hopper, completing the current batch of combined harvesting operations. After unloading, the next batch of operations will be carried out.

Claims

1. A self-propelled sunflower harvester, comprising a self-propelled vehicle and a frame, characterized in that There is a header at the front of the frame. The rear of the header is connected with a primary conveyor and a secondary conveyor; The rear of the secondary conveyor is connected to a thresher; A screening mechanism is arranged below the thresher, the screening mechanism is connected to the conveying and lifting mechanism, and the conveying and lifting mechanism is connected to the grain collecting hopper.

2. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thresher is arranged as a single-drum thresher or a double-drum thresher; the structure of the threshing unit of the single-drum thresher or the double-drum thresher is: A threshing shaft is arranged in a horizontally vertical cylinder; A screw conveying blade is fixedly arranged on the front shaft of the threshing shaft, and the screw conveying direction is arranged backward, and the front cylinder where the screw conveying blade is located constitutes the front screw conveying section; A feeding port is provided above the cylinder of the front spiral conveying section, and the feeding port is connected with the end of the secondary conveyor; The middle and rear shaft body of the threshing shaft is fixed with spirally arranged crushing and stirring ribs, the crushing and stirring ribs and the middle and rear shaft body constitute the crushing and stirring shaft, and the middle and rear barrel body where the crushing and stirring shaft is located constitutes the crushing and threshing section; The last section of the threshing shaft is fixed with centrifugal plates dispersedly arranged with the axis radiating radius, and the centrifugal edges of the centrifugal plates are fixed with centrifugal rake nails; the last section of the cylinder where the centrifugal plates are located constitutes the sunflower pieces centrifugal throwing section; A discharge port for returning the crushed sunflower heads to the field along the rotating tangential direction is provided on the cylinder of the centrifugal ejection section of the crushed sunflower heads; A grain rib screen is arranged at the belly of the lower half of the cylinder of the crushing and threshing section and the sunflower head centrifugal ejection section, and the ribs of the grain rib screen are arranged horizontally from left to right.

3. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that: A screening mechanism is arranged on the frame below the threshing unit, the screening mechanism is composed of a grain screening bin, the rear part of which is open to the outside, and a fish scale screen frame, a fixing frame and a bottom bracket are arranged in the grain screening bin; The fish scale screen frame is fixedly connected with a fish scale screen, the raised part of the scales of the fish scale screen faces backward, and the gaps between the scales form a mesh channel for sunflower seeds to fall through; A fixed position hinge point is fixedly arranged on the fixed position hinge point, a triangular crank handle is hinged on the fixed position hinge point, a middle turning point of the triangular crank handle is hinged on the fixed position hinge point, an upper end of the triangular crank handle is rotatably hinged to the fish scale screen frame, and a lower end of the triangular crank handle is rotatably hinged to the bottom bracket; The triangular crank handles are arranged one at the front and rear of the fixed frame and two at the left and right edges, combining the fish scale screen frame and the bottom bracket into a swing mechanism; The bottom bracket is tilted, with its front end sinking and its rear end tilting. The bottom bracket is provided with a stepped dense mesh screen that sinks forward in a stepped manner along the tilted downward direction. The size of the dense mesh holes of the stepped dense mesh screen is smaller than that of sunflower seeds. An eccentric rotating shaft is arranged at the bottom of the rear end of the frame, and the eccentric rotating shaft is hinged to the bottom bracket through a rocker; The rotation of the eccentric shaft drives the rocker to swing, and the swing of the rocker drives the bottom bracket to swing with the fixed hinge point as the fulcrum; when the bottom bracket swings, the fish scale screen frame swings in the opposite direction with the fixed hinge point as the fulcrum; The swinging fish scale screen forms a first-stage vibrating screen that flows backward; The swinging stepped fine mesh screen forms a secondary vibrating screen that surges forward.

4. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: A fan is arranged at the front end of the grain screening bin, and the fan adopts a cross-flow fan; The main wind power output of the fan is from the bottom of the threshing unit, along the channel between the grain rib screen and the fish scale screen of the threshing cylinder, and blown from front to back to the outside of the tail of the machine, forming the first air selection and air delivery channel; The secondary wind output of the fan is blown from the bottom of the fish scale screen, along the channel between the fish scale screen and the stepped dense mesh screen, from front to back to the outside of the tail of the machine, forming a second air selection and air delivery channel.

5. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that: A wind selection baffle is provided on the grain screening bin behind the tail end of the fish scale screen; The wind selection baffle is arranged along the left and right spans of the seed screening bin, and the wind selection baffle is arranged obliquely, and the windward surface of the wind selection baffle is upward and inclined toward the end of the first wind selection air delivery channel, and toward the end of the second wind selection air delivery channel; the wind selection baffle is used to block the sunflower seeds being air-delivered and rebound them to the second wind selection air delivery channel; The front end of the wind selection baffle is hinged on the grain screening bin, and the rear end is flexibly connected to the arc adjustment rail hole on the wall of the grain screening bin; Dense mesh holes are arranged on the surface of the wind selection baffle.

6. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: The middle part of the frame is equipped with a conveying and lifting mechanism, which includes a horizontal auger and a bucket elevator; The front bottom of the grain screening bin in the front direction of the stepped dense mesh screen is connected to the horizontal auger; the horizontal auger is sideways and connected to the bucket elevator, and the top of the bucket elevator unloads toward the grain collecting hopper behind the frame, and a spiral material distributor is arranged at the horizontal position of the loading level line of the grain collecting hopper.

7. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front part of the cutting platform is provided with crop dividers which are arranged at equal intervals in the left and right sides; The front end of each crop divider is configured as an inter-row crop dividing tip; The main body of each crop divider is provided with a longitudinal belt conveyor for conveying backwards, and a baffle is provided on the conveying surface of the conveyor belt of the longitudinal belt conveyor, and the longitudinal belt conveyor is used to convey the sunflower heads backwards; Passive rotating rollers are respectively arranged on both sides of the upper conveying surface of each longitudinal belt conveyor, and each passive rotating roller is arranged longitudinally to assist in separating the sunflower heads and sunflower stems during the rearward movement of the rows of plants on the straw divider; A stem cutting blade is fixedly arranged on the cutting table at the rear end of the row channel between two adjacent crop dividers on the left and right sides, the front end of the stem cutting blade is inclined downward and the height is lower than the upper conveying surface of the longitudinal belt conveyor, and the rear end is inclined upward; A horizontal shaft arranged in the left and right directions is set up at the rear end below the plane of the cutting platform formed by the grass divider, and a protruding paddle is fixedly distributed on the shaft body of the horizontal shaft. The horizontal shaft with the paddle is used to roll down the sunflower stems, and the horizontal shaft adopts a square shaft; Two opposite horizontal belt conveyors are arranged at the tail of the header to collect the sunflower heads transported by the vertical belt conveyor inwards; a collecting hopper is arranged between the two opposite horizontal belt conveyors to collect the sunflower heads collected inwards; The bottom of each crop divider on the cutting table plane is hinged to the cutting table suspension frame at the end of the cutting table through an oblique support rod; The header suspension frame is fixedly connected to the header control frame at the front end of the frame.

8. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor are longitudinally arranged in the middle of the frame, and both are inclined, with the front end downward and the rear end upward, for conveying sunflower heads by lifting the height difference between the central hopper of the header and the thresher at the rear of the frame in two stages; Both the primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor are provided with a shell, and a conveyor channel is formed between the shell and the internal upper conveying plane. The conveyor channels of the primary conveyor and the secondary conveyor are connected in sequence; The upstream end of the first-stage conveyor is connected to the centralized hopper of the header; The downstream end of the secondary conveyor is communicated with the front end of the threshing unit cylinder.

9. The self-propelled sunflower harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-propelled vehicle machine is equipped with a driving control mechanism, a power mechanism, a drive mechanism, and a chassis travel mechanism; The driving control mechanism controls the power mechanism to drive the chassis traveling mechanism to move forward; The power mechanism drives the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism drives the cutting table, the primary conveyor, the secondary conveyor, the thresher, the screening mechanism, and the conveying and lifting mechanism to operate.

10. A sunflower combined harvesting method, characterized in that The method is based on the self-propelled sunflower harvester described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and configures the travel speed of the self-propelled sunflower harvester; and adaptively adjusts the following according to the working conditions and the planting conditions of sunflowers in the field: the speed of the longitudinal belt conveyor on the cutting table, the speed of the transverse belt conveyor, the speed of the transverse axis, the speed of the primary conveyor, the speed of the secondary conveyor, the speed of the threshing shaft, the speed of the fan, the speed of the eccentric shaft of the swing mechanism, the output amplitude of the eccentric shaft, the speed of the transverse auger, the speed of the bucket elevator, and the intermittent switch of the spiral leveler, so as to complete the self-propelled combined harvesting and centralized processing of sunflower seeds.

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