Method for optimizing planting and bud picking of radix aconiti carmichaeli

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a method for optimizing planting and bud picking of radix aconiti carmichaeli. The method comprises the following steps: (1) in the first ten days of April every year, after terminal buds of aconitum carmichaeli plants are removed, spraying a pendimethalin missible oil solution to the aconitum carmichaeli plants in sunny and windless weather; (2) selecting pendimethalin missible oil with the effective component of 330 g / L, and diluting the pendimethalin missible oil into 400-600 times of liquid with clear water to obtain a pendimethalin missible oil solution; then a pesticide spraying machine is used for evenly spraying leaves of the aconitum carmichaeli plants or accurately spraying axillary buds of the aconitum carmichaeli plants; (3) after the pendimethalin solution is sprayed, harvesting is performed in late June. The method can avoid the risk of diseases caused by wounds generated by the aconitum carmichaeli plants due to artificial bud picking, reduces the labor cost of the bud picking link, and optimizes the planting process of the aconitum carmichaeli.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting, and specifically relates to a method for optimizing the planting and bud removal of Jiangyou aconite. Background Art

[0002] Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux is a herbaceous plant of the genus Aconitum in the family Ranunculaceae. It is distributed in southwest, south, southeast and north China, and also in northern Vietnam. It mainly grows in grassy slopes or shrubs in low- and medium-altitude mountains. The medicinal parts of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux are processed into "Chuanwu" and "Fuzi", both of which are famous Sichuan authentic medicinal materials. Chuanwu has the effects of dispelling wind and dampness, warming the meridians and relieving pain. It is used for wind-cold dampness arthralgia, joint pain, cold pain in the heart and abdomen, pain caused by cold hernia, and anesthesia and pain relief. Fuzi has the effects of restoring yang and rescuing adverse conditions, replenishing fire and assisting yang, dispersing cold and relieving pain. It is used to treat symptoms such as yang deficiency, cold limbs and weak pulse, insufficient heart yang, chest pain, cold vomiting and diarrhea, cold pain in the abdomen, kidney yang deficiency, impotence and cold uterus, yin cold edema, yang deficiency and exogenous infection, cold dampness and pain.

[0003] As the authentic production area of ​​aconite, Jiangyou in Sichuan produces large, high-quality and effective aconite, which has been protected as a national geographical indication product. The unique "root trimming", "topping" and "bud removal" techniques of Jiangyou aconite are important means to ensure its large size and high quality.

[0004] "Topping", also known as "peaking", is used to inhibit plant growth, concentrate nutrients in the roots, promote rapid development and growth of aconite, and prevent the plant from lodging. Axillary buds are most likely to occur in the above-ground part after "topping", and should be removed as soon as possible to avoid consuming nutrients. Bud removal usually needs to be done early, and should be done as soon as they are found until all buds are removed. When removing buds, attention should be paid to protecting the plant, and the leaves and stems should not be damaged or broken. However, it is difficult to avoid damaging the leaves and stems of the plant during the artificial "bud removal" process, which increases the risk of disease at the damaged part of the plant and increases the cost of artificial planting. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to avoid the risk of wounds and subsequent diseases in Aconitum plants caused by artificial bud removal, while also reducing the labor input cost of the bud removal link, and providing a method for optimizing the bud removal of Jiangyou Aconitum planting.

[0006] In order to achieve the above invention object, the specific technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] One of the invention purposes of the present application is to use pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate in the bud removal process of Jiangyou aconite cultivation.

[0008] Preferably, in the application of the pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate in the bud removal process of Jiangyou aconite cultivation, the concentration of the pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate is 330 g / L. When bud removal is performed, it must be diluted to 400-600 times with clean water before use.

[0009] Preferably, in the application of the pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate in the bud removal process of the Jiangyou aconite cultivation, the use time of the pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate is early April each year, after the terminal buds of the aconite plants are removed.

[0010] Preferably, in the application of the pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate in the bud removal process of Jiangyou aconite planting, clear and windless weather is selected when the pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate is used.

[0011] Preferably, in the application of the pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate in bud removal during the planting process of Jiangyou aconite, the pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate is used by foliar spraying or axillary bud spraying.

[0012] A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for optimizing the planting and bud removal of Jiangyou aconite, comprising the following steps:

[0013] (1) In early April each year, after the terminal buds of the Aconitum plants are removed, the Aconitum plants are sprayed with a pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate solution on a sunny and windless day;

[0014] (2) selecting a pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate with an active ingredient of 330 g / L, diluting it to 400-600 times with clean water to obtain a pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate solution; then using a sprayer to evenly spray the leaves of Aconitum plants or precisely spray the axillary buds of Aconitum plants;

[0015] (3) After spraying the pendimethalin solution, no other forms of bud removal will be carried out until harvest in late June.

[0016] Furthermore, in the method for optimizing the bud removal of Jiangyou Aconitum, other aspects of Aconitum cultivation are carried out in accordance with the traditional Aconitum cultivation method in Jiangyou area.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2) of the method for optimizing the bud removal of Jiangyou aconite planting, when foliar spraying is performed, the spraying degree is preferably such that the liquid medicine wets the leaves without dripping water droplets; when precision spraying is performed, the liquid medicine wets the axillary buds without dripping water droplets.

[0018] Preferably, in step (2) of the method for optimizing the planting and bud removal of Jiangyou aconite, the foliar spraying is performed by diluting the solution to 400 times with clean water.

[0019] Preferably, in step (2) of the method for optimizing the bud removal of Jiangyou aconite planting, the precise spraying is performed by diluting the solution with clean water to 500-600 times.

[0020] Dilution in the present invention means: firstly, the agent is uniformly diluted with a small amount of clean water to form a mother solution, and then the agent is diluted with clean water to a desired concentration.

[0021] The bud removal in the present invention means that after the terminal bud of Aconitum is removed, the apical dominance is broken, and the axillary buds below germinate and grow rapidly. The axillary buds need to be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption and improve the yield and quality of Aconitum.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) It is applied once without any bud removal treatment, which effectively avoids the risk of wounds and subsequent diseases in Aconitum plants caused by artificial bud removal, and at the same time reduces the labor input cost of bud removal.

[0024] (2) The fresh weight of aconite sprayed with pendimethalin was higher than that of artificially budded aconite, but there was no significant difference. It had no effect on the quality and could increase the economic benefits of aconite cultivation accordingly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 These are the growth pictures of the axillary buds of Aconitum in each treatment in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention, but these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to the application.

[0027] In the present application, % refers to mass percentage, i.e. wt% unless otherwise specified; and proportions refer to mass ratios.

[0028] Embodiment 1:

[0029] 1. Study on the effect of different treatment methods on the sprout inhibition of Aconitum plants

[0030] 1.1 Implementation Location

[0031] Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province, is about 490 meters above sea level. The soil is sandy loam, fertile, and has sufficient irrigation water. The annual average temperature is 16.3℃, the highest temperature is in July, averaging 25.7℃, the lowest is in January, averaging 4.2℃, the extreme highest temperature is 37.7℃, and the extreme lowest temperature is -4.6℃. The average frost period is 94 days, and the frost-free period is 271 days.

[0032] 1.2 Implementation Methods

[0033] In early April, after the apical buds of the Aconitum plants were removed, 330 g / L of pendimethalin was diluted with clean water to obtain 400 times, 500 times, and 600 times of solution, respectively, and 30.2% of the bud-inhibiting dan was diluted with clean water to obtain 40 times, 50 times, and 60 times of solution, respectively. The above agents were sprayed on the leaves or axillary buds of the Aconitum plants once, and the spraying with clean water and artificial bud removal were used as controls. The artificial bud removal was carried out according to the traditional method, and it was carried out 6 times before the harvest of Aconitum (Aconite). The other production management links of each treatment were carried out according to the traditional planting method of Jiangyou Aconitum, and they were kept consistent. The whole process of the experimental treatment was carried out once until the Aconitum plants were dug (late June) and the experiment was completed.

[0034] 1.3 Statistics

[0035] In early May, late May and mid-June, all axillary buds of treated plants were randomly selected and weighed for fresh weight. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, with 3-5 plants sampled each time, and the bud inhibition effect was calculated [bud inhibition effect = (artificial bud removal axillary bud fresh weight - treatment axillary bud fresh weight) / artificial bud removal axillary bud fresh weight * 100%]. The statistical data are shown in Table 1. All treatments have an inhibitory effect on the growth of axillary buds of Aconitum carmichaelii, see Figure 1 .

[0036] Table 1 Statistics of sprout inhibition effects on Aconitum plants treated with different methods

[0037]

[0038]

[0039] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05).

[0040] 1.4 Analysis and Summary

[0041] As can be seen from Table 1, each test treatment has different inhibitory effects on the axillary buds of Aconitum. In early May, the treatments of 400 times of pendimethalin and 50 times of bud-inhibiting dan had the best inhibitory effect on the growth of axillary buds of Aconitum, which was 86.80%. In late May, the inhibitory effects of pendimethalin and bud-inhibiting dan on the axillary buds of Aconitum were quite different. The inhibitory effect of 400 times of pendimethalin bud spray was 58.76%, while the inhibitory effect of 50 times of bud-inhibiting dan was 89.75%, which had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of axillary buds of Aconitum. In mid-June, the best inhibitory effect was achieved by 400 times of pendimethalin and 50 times of bud-inhibiting dan.

[0042] Taking into account the stability of sprout inhibition to ensure the final yield and quality of Aconitum, through data analysis, it can be used 400 times of pendimethalin foliar spray, 500 times of bud spray; 40 times of bud inhibition dan foliar spray, 50 times of foliar spray and other treatment methods can better inhibit the growth of axillary buds of Aconitum plants than artificial bud removal, and has a significant effect on inhibiting the germination and growth of axillary buds of Aconitum plants.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] 2. Effects of different treatments on the yield of Aconitum carmichaelii plants

[0045] 2.1 Implementation Location

[0046] Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province, is about 490 meters above sea level. The soil is sandy loam, fertile, and has sufficient irrigation water. The annual average temperature is 16.3℃, the highest temperature is in July, averaging 25.7℃, the lowest is in January, averaging 4.2℃, the extreme highest temperature is 37.7℃, and the extreme lowest temperature is -4.6℃. The average frost period is 94 days, and the frost-free period is 271 days.

[0047] 2.2 Implementation Methods

[0048] In early April, after the apical buds of the Aconitum plants were removed, 330 g / L of pendimethalin was diluted with clean water to obtain 400 times, 500 times, and 600 times of solution respectively; 30.2% of the bud-inhibiting dan was diluted with clean water to obtain 40 times, 50 times, and 60 times of solution respectively. The above agents were sprayed on the leaves or axillary buds of the Aconitum plants once, and the spraying with clean water and manual bud removal were used as controls. The manual bud removal was carried out according to the traditional method and was carried out 6 times before the harvest of Aconitum. The other production management links of each treatment were carried out in accordance with the traditional planting method of Aconitum in Jiangyou City, and they were kept consistent. The entire process of the experimental treatment was carried out once until the Aconitum plants were dug (late June) and the experiment was completed.

[0049] 2.3 Statistics

[0050] When the Aconitum plants were harvested in late June, 3-5 plants were randomly selected from each treatment to calculate the yield per plant, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. 2 The area was excavated and weighed, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. The data were analyzed by single factor significance using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0051] Table 2 Statistics of Aconite yield of Aconitum carmichaelii plants under different treatments

[0052]

[0053] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05).

[0054] 2.4 Analysis and Summary

[0055] As can be seen from Table 2, the yield of aconite per plant treated with pendimethalin bud spray was higher than that treated with manual bud removal, among which the yield of the plots treated with 500 and 600 times bud spray was higher than that treated with manual bud removal, but there was no significant difference in the yield of per plant and plot. There was a significant difference in the yield of aconite per plant and plot treated with pendimethalin and bud-inhibiting dan spraying.

[0056] The treatment with Yiyadan had a significant inhibitory effect on the axillary buds of the aerial part of Aconitum, as shown in Table 1, but it also had an inhibitory effect on the growth and development of Aconitum, especially the treatment with Yiyadan leaf spray, the Aconitum yield was significantly different from that with Pendimethalin. The yield of spraying with clean water was high, but the Aconitum was small, with many fibrous roots and heads, and the processing loss in the production area was large. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis showed that the Aconitum yield was high and the effect was best when the 600-fold Pendimethalin bud spray was used.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] 3. Effects of different treatments on the fresh weight of individual aconite produced by Aconitum plants

[0059] 3.1 Implementation Location

[0060] Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province, is about 490 meters above sea level. The soil is sandy loam, fertile, and has sufficient irrigation water. The annual average temperature is 16.3℃, the highest temperature is in July, averaging 25.7℃, the lowest is in January, averaging 4.2℃, the extreme highest temperature is 37.7℃, and the extreme lowest temperature is -4.6℃. The average frost period is 94 days, and the frost-free period is 271 days.

[0061] 3.2 Implementation methods

[0062] In early April, after the top buds of Aconitum were removed, 400, 500, and 600 times of 330g / L pendimethalin and 40, 50, and 60 times of 30.2% bud-inhibiting dan were sprayed on the leaves or axillary buds of Aconitum plants, respectively. Water spraying and manual bud removal were used as controls. Artificial bud removal was carried out according to traditional methods and was carried out 6 times before the harvest of Aconitum. Other production management links of each treatment were carried out according to the traditional planting method of Aconitum in Jiangyou City and remained consistent.

[0063] The whole process of experimental treatment was carried out once until the Aconitum plants were dug up (late June) and the experiment was completed.

[0064] 3.3 Data Statistics

[0065] When the Aconitum plants were harvested in late June, 10 plants were randomly selected from each treatment to measure the weight of a single Aconitum. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 was used to perform univariate significance analysis on the data. The specific results are shown in Table 3.

[0066] Table 3 Statistics of fresh weight of aconite root under different experimental treatments

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05).

[0070] 3.4 Analysis and Summary

[0071] As can be seen from Table 3, there was no significant difference in the single fresh weight of Aconitum carbapenem sprayed with pendimethalin and artificial bud removal, but the single fresh weight of Aconitum carbapenem sprayed with buds was higher than that of artificial bud removal, which was significantly different from that of bud-inhibiting dan. The bud-inhibiting dan spraying treatment could inhibit the growth and development of Aconitum carbapenem axillary buds and Aconitum carbapenem at the same time.

[0072] The larger the individual aconite, the better the quality and the higher the selling price. In summary, compared with the traditional bud wiping method, the bud spraying treatment of pendimethalin will not reduce the individual weight of aconite, and the bud spraying treatment of 500 times pendimethalin can increase the individual weight of aconite, which has the effect of controlling the growth of aconite and promoting the growth of aconite.

[0073] The analysis conclusions of Examples 1-3 are summarized and the summary is shown in Table 4.

[0074] Table 4 Summary of analysis of Examples 1-3

[0075]

[0076] in conclusion:

[0077] It can be seen from the analysis and summary of Examples 1-3 and Table 4 that the treatment of 400 times of pendimethalin leaf spray or 500, 600 times of bud spray can inhibit the growth of axillary buds of Aconitum plants, increase the yield of Aconite and the single weight of Aconite. Therefore, the treatment of 400 times of pendimethalin leaf spray, 500 times of bud spray, and 600 times of bud spray can replace the traditional manual bud removal method, which can not only avoid the risk of diseases caused by the wound of Aconitum plants caused by manual bud removal, but also reduce the labor cost of 500-800 yuan per mu generated by manual bud removal, increase the economic benefits of Aconitum planting, and optimize the management process of Jiangyou Aconite planting.

[0078] The above-mentioned embodiments only express the specific implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the technical solution concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0079] This background section is provided to generally present the context of the invention, and the work of the presently named inventors, the work to the extent described in this background section, and aspects of this section that did not constitute prior art at the time of application are neither explicitly nor implicitly admitted to be prior art to the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate in bud removal during the cultivation process of Jiangyou aconite.

2. The application of pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate as claimed in claim 1 in the budding of aconite planting process in Jiangyou, characterized in that: The concentration of pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate is 330g / L; when bud removal, it must be diluted to 400-600 times with clean water before use.

3. The application of pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate as claimed in claim 1 or 2 in the budding of aconite in Jiangyou planting process, characterized in that: The time for using pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate is early April every year, after the terminal buds of the Aconitum plants are removed.

4. The application of pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate as claimed in claim 3 in the budding of aconite in Jiangyou planting process, characterized in that: When using pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate, choose clear and windless weather.

5. The application of pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate as claimed in claim 3 in the budding of aconite in Jiangyou planting process, characterized in that: The use of dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate is by foliar spraying or axillary bud spraying.

6. A method for optimizing the planting and bud removal of Jiangyou aconite, characterized in that The following steps are involved: (1) In early April each year, after the terminal buds of the Aconitum plants are removed, the Aconitum plants are sprayed with a pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate solution on a sunny and windless day; (2) selecting a pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate with an active ingredient of 330 g / L, diluting it to 400-600 times with clean water to obtain a pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate solution; then using a sprayer to evenly spray the leaves of Aconitum plants or precisely spray the axillary buds of Aconitum plants; (3) After spraying the pendimethalin solution, the crops can be harvested in late June.

7. A method for optimizing the planting and bud removal of Jiangyou aconite as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The other steps of Aconitum cultivation are carried out in accordance with the traditional Aconitum cultivation methods in Jiangyou area.

8. A method for optimizing the planting and bud removal of Jiangyou aconite as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step (2), when spraying on the leaves, the spraying degree is preferably such that the liquid medicine wets the leaves without dripping water droplets; when performing precision spraying, the liquid medicine wets the axillary buds without dripping water droplets.

9. A method for optimizing the planting and bud removal of Jiangyou aconite as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step (2), when spraying on leaves, dilute to 400 times with clean water.

10. A method for optimizing the planting and bud removal of Jiangyou aconite as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step (2), when performing precision spraying, dilute the solution to 500-600 times with clean water.

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