Intelligent punching device and method based on metal casting part machining

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent punching device and method based on metal casting part machining, and relates to the technical field of metal part machining, the intelligent punching device comprises a rack and a punching bottom plate fixedly installed on the rack, and further comprises a punching support fixedly installed on the rack, and a punching unit is installed on the punching support; the punching unit comprises a punching assembly and a punching hydraulic cylinder, the punching hydraulic cylinder drives the punching assembly to move and is matched with the punching bottom plate to conduct punching operation, and the punching assembly comprises an abutting plate. The punching device has the advantages that when a metal part is punched, scraps generated during punching can be removed, the punching quality is guaranteed, meanwhile, a punch can be polished at regular time, the sharpness of the punch is guaranteed, disassembly and coping are not needed, the labor intensity of workers is reduced to a certain degree, the punching efficiency is improved, and the punching device is suitable for popularization and application. And in addition, the time point needing to be polished can be changed according to punches made of different materials, and the application range is wider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal parts processing, and in particular to an intelligent punching device and a punching method based on metal casting processing. Background Art

[0002] The bottom guard plate of a car is a cast metal part. Before installation, it is necessary to use a punching device to punch holes on the guard plate for the installation of the guard plate. The existing punching device realizes fully automatic intelligent automatic punching with high work efficiency and high punching accuracy.

[0003] Publication number CN115301813B discloses an automatic punching device for metal plates, which includes a longitudinal moving device, a transverse moving device, a fixing device and a punching device; the longitudinal moving device includes a vertical plate, an eccentric piece and a limit plate; the transverse moving device includes a rotating member, a gear and a rack meshed with the gear, one end of the rotating member is provided with a gear structure meshed with the gear, and the other end is connected to the eccentric piece; the fixing device includes a supporting plate, a longitudinal moving plate and a first fixed plate; the punching device includes a connecting rod, a punching arm and a punch.

[0004] In the above-mentioned automatic punching device for metal plates, the movement trajectory of the metal plate when it starts to move from a stationary state is: lateral movement-longitudinal movement-reset-longitudinal movement-lateral movement-reset. Through multiple cycles of the above-mentioned movement trajectory, it is possible to avoid duplication of punching positions and realize separate punching of the metal plate in the lateral and longitudinal directions, thereby improving production efficiency and market competitiveness. The change of the entire movement trajectory is completed through the control of one driving component, thereby avoiding the increase in costs caused by the control of multiple driving components.

[0005] However, when the above-mentioned automatic punching device for metal plates and the existing punching device are punching, the punch will be worn due to the long-term compression between the punch and the metal plate. After a certain period of time, the punch needs to be disassembled, repaired or replaced, which not only affects the punching efficiency of the punching device, but also the high-frequency friction between the punch and the metal generates static electricity, which will adhere to a large amount of metal debris and cause burrs on the punching part, seriously affecting the punching quality.

[0006] Therefore, a new type of intelligent punching device and punching method based on metal casting processing can be used to solve the shortcomings of the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art that punch wear affects punching efficiency and friction electrostatic adsorption affects punching quality, and to propose an intelligent punching device and punching method based on metal casting processing.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing, comprising a frame and a punching base plate fixedly mounted on the frame, and also comprising a punching bracket fixedly mounted on the frame, wherein a punching unit is mounted on the punching bracket; The punching unit includes a punching assembly and a punching hydraulic cylinder. The punching hydraulic cylinder drives the punching assembly to move and cooperates with the punching bottom plate to perform a punching operation. The punching assembly includes a pressing plate. The punching assembly also includes a punch fixedly mounted on the pressure plate, and the punching assembly includes a punching pressure top, a pressure top adjustment mechanism and a grinding and cleaning mechanism. The punching pressure top cooperates with the punching bottom plate to clamp the metal part. The punching pressure top is slidably connected to the punch and the pressure plate. The pressure top adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the clamping force of the punching pressure top and the punching bottom plate on the metal part. The grinding and cleaning mechanism is used to grind the punch and clean the debris adhering to the punch, and to recycle the kinetic energy generated by the punching and pressing operation.

[0009] Preferably, an adjusting slider is fixedly installed on the pressure plate, a sliding plate is slidably installed on the punching bracket, a limiting slide rail is fixedly installed on the sliding plate, the adjusting slider and the limiting slide rail are slidably connected, and the adjusting slider is locked by a bolt, and the telescopic end of the punching hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the sliding plate.

[0010] Preferably, a slide plate is fixedly mounted on the punching press, a plurality of sliding grooves are provided on the slide plate, a sliding column is slidably mounted in each of the sliding grooves, and each of the sliding columns is fixedly connected to the pressure plate.

[0011] Preferably, the pressure top adjustment mechanism includes a return spring sleeved on the sliding column, and an adjusting threaded sleeve is installed on each sliding column through a threaded groove, each adjusting threaded sleeve abuts against the top of the corresponding return spring, an annular groove is provided on the pressure plate, a rotating sleeve is rotatably installed in the annular groove, a plurality of tooth grooves are provided on the inner ring of the rotating sleeve, and each adjusting threaded sleeve is fixedly installed with a convex tooth matching the tooth groove.

[0012] Preferably, the grinding and cleaning mechanism includes a scraper cylinder rotatably mounted in an annular shape inside the punching press top, a driving structure matching the scraper cylinder is mounted on the punching press top, the punch passes through the middle of the scraper cylinder, the scraper cylinder is hollow in design, and a plurality of grinding blocks with different mesh sizes are rotatably mounted inside the scraper cylinder through a plurality of rotating shafts, and a plurality of inclined air outlet holes are provided at the bottom of the scraper cylinder, an angle adjustment structure matching the grinding block is mounted on the slide plate and the pressure plate, and an air blowing structure matching the air outlet is mounted on the slide plate and the pressure plate.

[0013] Preferably, the driving structure comprises a driving motor fixedly mounted on the punching press, and the driving motor drives the scraper barrel to rotate via a driving gear set.

[0014] Preferably, the angle adjustment structure includes a first cylinder body fixedly mounted on the slide plate, a first piston is slidably mounted in the first cylinder body, the first piston is fixedly connected to the pressure plate via a first connecting rod, a first one-way tube and an air guide tube group are fixedly connected to the bottom of the first cylinder body, a cylinder is fixedly mounted on the punching press top, a first push rod is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the cylinder, a fixed block is fixedly mounted on the first push rod, a push column is rotatably mounted on the fixed block, a moving ring is slidably mounted inside the scraper barrel, a plurality of racks are fixedly mounted on the moving ring, and two gear rings meshing with corresponding racks are fixedly mounted on each of the rotating shafts; A connecting frame is rotatably installed on the upper part of the movable ring, a plurality of elastic telescopic rods are fixedly installed between the connecting frame and the punching press top, a block is fixedly installed on the connecting frame, a groove body with an inclined design that cooperates with the pushing column is opened on the block, and a locking component is installed between the air guide tube group and the connecting frame.

[0015] Preferably, the locking component includes a third cylinder body fixedly mounted on the punching press top, a second push rod fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the third cylinder body, a limiting wedge block fixedly mounted on the second push rod, a limiting slot matching the limiting wedge block is provided on the connecting frame, the limiting slot and the limiting wedge block are both trapezoidal in shape, and the air guide pipe group is connected to the third cylinder body.

[0016] Preferably, the inflation structure includes a second cylinder body fixedly mounted on the slide, a second piston being slidably mounted in the second cylinder body, the second piston being fixedly connected to the pressure plate via a second connecting rod, a second one-way tube and an air injection tube being fixedly connected to the bottom of the second cylinder body, an air injection ring being rotatably mounted on the outside of the scraper barrel close to the outer wall of the scraper barrel, and the air injection tube being connected to the air injection ring.

[0017] The present invention also provides an intelligent punching method based on metal casting processing, comprising the above-mentioned intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing, and further comprising the following steps: S1. First, place the metal part on the punching bottom plate and fix the metal part. Then, drive the punching assembly downward through the punching hydraulic cylinder to perform punching operation on the metal part. S2. Before the punching punch contacts the metal part, the punching top is in contact with the metal part, and the punching bottom plate is used to clamp the punching part of the metal part. Then the punching assembly continues to move downward, the punch contacts the metal part, and the metal part is punched by punching. The pressing force of the punching top on the metal part is adjusted by the pressing top adjustment mechanism according to the thickness and hardness of the metal part. S3. When a certain number of holes are punched, the grinding and cleaning mechanism operates to clean the debris adhering to the punch and grind the punch.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. When punching metal parts, the device changes the thrust required for the relative displacement between the punching top and the pressure plate by setting a top pressure adjustment mechanism, thereby changing the pressure of the punching top on the metal part. It is suitable for punching metal parts of different thicknesses and hardnesses, and can effectively reduce the probability of bending and burrs at the punching part, which not only improves the punching efficiency, but also improves the punching quality.

[0019] 2. When punching metal parts, this device scrapes off the debris adhering to the punch head by setting a scraper cylinder, and cleans the debris adhering to the scraper cylinder through an air blowing structure, thereby reducing the impact of the debris on the punching, effectively improving the punching efficiency, and the debris can ensure the punching quality and ensure that the punching is smooth.

[0020] 3. When punching metal parts, the device changes the angle of the grinding block by setting an angle adjustment mechanism, so that the grinding block extends out of the scraper tube during grinding and retracts into the scraper tube during punching, without affecting the normal extension and retraction of the punch. The grinding block is used to regularly grind the punch without disassembly and grinding, thereby extending the service life of the punch and improving the punching efficiency.

[0021] 4. When punching metal parts, the device can recycle the displacement energy generated by the slide plate by setting the first cylinder body, the first piston and the air guide tube group, with high energy utilization rate. The grinding block can be locked by the locking component to ensure that the grinding block remains horizontal during grinding, thereby improving the stability of grinding. An electric-controlled pressure valve is provided on the air guide tube group, and the parameters of the electric-controlled pressure valve can be adjusted to change the time point required for grinding. It is suitable for punch grinding of different materials.

[0022] To sum up, when punching metal parts, the present invention can not only remove the debris generated by punching to ensure the quality of punching, but also regularly grind the punch to ensure the sharpness of the punch without disassembly and grinding, which reduces the labor intensity to a certain extent and improves the punching efficiency. In addition, the time point for grinding can be changed according to the punches of different materials, and the scope of application is wider. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing proposed by the present invention; Figure 2for Figure 1 An enlarged schematic detail diagram of the structure after the frame is removed; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the middle punching assembly and the adjusting slider; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Detailed schematic diagram of the structure after being rotated to a certain angle; Figure 5 for Figure 3 Detailed schematic diagram of the exploded structure after removing the adjustment slider; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Detailed schematic diagram of the structure after being rotated to a certain angle; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Detailed schematic diagram of the planar structure of the middle slide plate, punching and pressing top, and adjusting threaded sleeve along one of the angles; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Detailed schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure along the AA section; Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Detailed schematic diagram of the structure after being rotated to a certain angle; Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A detailed schematic diagram of the structure after removing the slide plate, punching press top, first cylinder body, second cylinder body, first piston, adjusting thread sleeve and second piston and rotating them to a certain angle; Fig.11 for Fig.10 An enlarged schematic diagram of the grinding and cleaning mechanism and its surrounding parts; Fig.12 for Fig.11 A schematic detailed diagram of the planar structure along one of the angles after removing the push column, the first push rod, the second push rod, the limit wedge block and the drive gear set; Fig.13 for Fig.12 Detailed schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure along the BB section; Fig.14 for Fig.13 Detailed schematic diagram of the structure after being rotated to a certain angle; Fig.15 for Fig.14 An enlarged structural schematic detail diagram of the moving ring, grinding block and its surrounding parts.

[0024] In the figure: 1 frame, 2 punching bottom plate, 3 punching bracket, 4 punching unit, 5 sliding plate, 6 punching assembly, 7 adjusting slider, 8 slide plate, 9 pressure plate, 10 punching top, 11 top adjustment mechanism, 12 punch, 13 first cylinder, 14 rotating sleeve, 15 sliding column, 16 second cylinder, 17 adjusting threaded sleeve, 18 air injection pipe, 19 return spring, 20 first piston, 21 second piston, 22 air guide pipe group, 23 third cylinder, 24 driving motor, 25 grinding cleaning mechanism, 26 cylinder, 27 first push rod, 28 second push rod, 29 limiting wedge, 30 push column, 31 block, 32 elastic telescopic rod, 33 connecting frame, 34 scraper tube, 35 air injection ring, 36 grinding block, 37 moving ring, 38 rack, 39 gear ring, 40 rotating shaft, 41 air outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1: Reference Figure 1-Figure 3 , an intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing, including a frame 1 and a punching base plate 2 fixedly mounted on the frame 1, and also including a punching bracket 3 fixedly mounted on the frame 1, and a punching unit 4 is mounted on the punching bracket 3; The punching bottom plate 2 is an existing bottom pad. A plurality of punching holes are provided on the punching bottom plate 2 for punching and unloading. Waste materials dropped by punching of metal parts fall through the punching holes.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, there are two punching brackets 3 and two punching units 4, which can operate simultaneously to perform punching operations at different positions on the metal parts, which can effectively improve the punching efficiency.

[0028] The punching unit 4 includes a punching assembly 6 and a punching hydraulic cylinder. The punching hydraulic cylinder drives the punching assembly 6 to move and cooperates with the punching bottom plate 2 to perform a punching operation. The punching assembly 6 includes a pressing plate 9.

[0029] An adjusting slider 7 is fixedly installed on the pressure plate 9, a sliding plate 5 is slidably installed on the punching bracket 3, a limiting slide rail is fixedly installed on the sliding plate 5, the adjusting slider 7 and the limiting slide rail are slidably connected, and the adjusting slider 7 is locked by a bolt, and the telescopic end of the punching hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 5.

[0030] The telescopic end of the punching hydraulic cylinder moves downward (the upper and lower references here Figure 2), will drive the sliding plate 5 fixedly connected thereto to move downward on the punching bracket 3, thereby driving the limiting slide rail to move downward, thereby driving the punching assembly 6 to move downward for punching.

[0031] The position of the adjusting slide block 7 on the limiting slide rail can be freely changed and locked by a bolt. In order to perform fully automatic adjustment, a driving electric push rod can be added to the limiting slide rail to automatically change the position of the adjusting slide block 7.

[0032] Embodiment 2: This embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that: Figure 4-Figure 8 The punching assembly 6 also includes a punch 12 fixedly mounted on the pressure plate 9, and the punching assembly 6 includes a punching top 10, a top adjustment mechanism 11 and a grinding and cleaning mechanism 25. The punching top 10 cooperates with the punching bottom plate 2 to clamp the metal part; A slide plate 8 is fixedly mounted on the punching top 10 . The slide plate 8 is provided with a plurality of sliding grooves. A sliding column 15 is slidably mounted in each sliding groove. Each sliding column 15 is fixedly connected to the pressure plate 9 .

[0033] When the punching press 10 abuts against the metal part, the pressing plate 9 continues to move to drive the punch 12 to move, while the punching press 10 stops, the distance between the punching press 10 and the pressing plate 9 is reduced, and the slide column 15 slides in the slide plate 8.

[0034] The punching press 10 is slidably connected to the punch 12 and the pressing plate 9 , and the press adjusting mechanism 11 is used to adjust the clamping force of the punching press 10 and the punching bottom plate 2 on the metal part.

[0035] The top pressure adjustment mechanism 11 includes a return spring 19 sleeved on the sliding column 15, and each sliding column 15 is provided with an adjusting threaded sleeve 17 which is rotatably installed through a threaded groove. Each adjusting threaded sleeve 17 abuts against the top of the corresponding return spring 19. An annular groove is provided on the pressure plate 9, and a rotating sleeve 14 is rotatably installed in the annular groove. A plurality of tooth grooves are provided on the inner ring of the rotating sleeve 14, and each adjusting threaded sleeve 17 is fixedly provided with a convex tooth which matches the tooth groove.

[0036] The slide column 15 slides in the slide plate 8, compressing the return spring 19. When the punch 12 abuts against the metal part, the pressing force of the punching press 10 against the metal part is the sum of the compression forces of the multiple return springs 19. Since the pressing force required by metal parts of different thicknesses and hardnesses is different, it is necessary to adjust the pressing force of the punching press 10 against the metal part. The specific adjustment is as follows: Rotate the rotating sleeve 14, and the rotating sleeve 14 will drive the adjusting threaded sleeve 17 to rotate. Since the sliding column 15 is provided with a threaded groove, the adjusting threaded sleeve 17 will move on the sliding column 15 when it rotates (a ring body is rotatably installed at the bottom of the adjusting threaded sleeve 17, and the ring body is sleeved on the sliding column 15, which is used to support the reset spring 19 to prevent the adjusting threaded sleeve 17 from rotating and driving the reset spring 19 to rotate). The movement of the adjusting threaded sleeve 17 changes the compression amount of the reset spring 19, and the elastic force of the reset spring 19 changes, so the low pressure degree between the punching press 10 and the metal part changes (the changed resistance degree is the distance in the same direction as the displacement of the punching press 10, and it is also the initial resistance degree between the punching press 10 and the metal part).

[0037] Embodiment 3: This embodiment is different from the technical solution of Embodiment 2 in that: Figure 6-Figure 15 The grinding and cleaning mechanism 25 is used to grind the punch 12 and clean the debris adhering to the punch 12, and to recycle the kinetic energy generated by the operation of the punching and pressing device 10.

[0038] The grinding and cleaning mechanism 25 includes a scraper barrel 34 rotatably mounted in an annular shape inside the punching press 10, and a driving structure matching the scraper barrel 34 is mounted on the punching press 10; the driving structure includes a driving motor 24 fixedly mounted on the punching press 10, and the driving motor 24 drives the scraper barrel 34 to rotate through a driving gear set.

[0039] The rotation of the driving end of the driving motor 24 will drive the scraper barrel 34 to rotate through the driving gear set. The rotation of the scraper barrel 34 generates centrifugal force to throw out the debris adhering to the scraper barrel 34, and the punch 12 is cleaned in a surrounding manner when the punch 12 retracts, avoiding the situation where blind spots in cleaning lead to incomplete cleaning. In addition, the rotation of the scraper barrel 34 can also perform rotational grinding.

[0040] The punch 12 passes through the middle of the scraper barrel 34. The scraper barrel 34 is hollow in design, and multiple grinding blocks 36 with different mesh sizes are rotatably installed inside through multiple rotating shafts 40. A plurality of inclined air outlet holes 41 are opened at the bottom of the scraper barrel 34, and an angle adjustment structure matching the grinding blocks 36 is installed on the slide plate 8 and the pressure plate 9.

[0041] The purpose of using different mesh sizes of the grinding block 36 is to improve the grinding accuracy and grinding efficiency. The grinding block 36 rotates in the scraper barrel 34 through the rotating shaft 40, so that the grinding block 36 can be stored to prevent the protrusion of the grinding block 36 from affecting the extension and contraction of the punch 12. When grinding is needed, the grinding block 36 is extended from the scraper barrel 34 through the angle adjustment structure. The inner wall of the scraper barrel 34 is provided with holes for the grinding block 36 to rotate and pass through.

[0042] The angle adjustment structure includes a first cylinder body 13 fixedly mounted on the slide plate 8, a first piston 20 is slidably mounted in the first cylinder body 13, the first piston 20 is fixedly connected to the pressure plate 9 through a first connecting rod, a first one-way pipe and an air guide pipe group 22 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the first cylinder body 13, a cylinder 26 is fixedly mounted on the punching press 10, a first push rod 27 is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the cylinder 26, a fixed block is fixedly mounted on the first push rod 27, a push column 30 is rotatably mounted on the fixed block, a moving ring 37 is slidably mounted inside the scraper barrel 34, a plurality of racks 38 are fixedly mounted on the moving ring 37, and two gear rings 39 meshing with the corresponding racks 38 are fixedly mounted on each rotating shaft 40; A connecting frame 33 is rotatably installed on the upper part of the movable ring 37, and a plurality of elastic telescopic rods 32 are fixedly installed between the connecting frame 33 and the punching press 10. A block 31 is fixedly installed on the connecting frame 33, and a groove body with an inclined design that cooperates with the push column 30 is opened on the block 31. A locking component is installed between the air guide tube group 22 and the connecting frame 33.

[0043] The air guide tube group 22 is divided into an intake section and an exhaust section. The intake section has two branches, one of which discharges air into the cylinder 26. Both the intake section and the exhaust section are equipped with an electric-controlled pressure valve. The parameters of the electric-controlled pressure valve can be adjusted to change the time point required for grinding. It is suitable for grinding punches 12 of different materials. The parameters of the electric-controlled pressure valve change, and the pressure required to open the electric-controlled pressure valve changes. The higher the hardness of the grinding block 36, the higher the threshold parameter of the electric-controlled pressure valve is set, and the longer the time interval required for grinding.

[0044] As the distance between the slide plate 8 and the pressure plate 9 changes back and forth, the outside air will be sucked into the first cylinder 13 through the first one-way pipe, so that the air is stored in the first cylinder 13, and the pressure in the first cylinder 13 becomes larger and larger. When the air pressure in the first cylinder 13 is greater than the threshold value of the electric pressure valve, the electric pressure valve opens, and the air in the first cylinder 13 will squeeze into the cylinder 26, so that the driving end of the cylinder 26 moves, thereby driving the first push rod 27 to move, and the movement of the first push rod 27 drives the fixed block and the push column 30 to move. The push column 30 is inserted into the groove on the block 31, and the groove is inclined, so the movement of the push column 30 will drive the connecting frame 33 to move downward through the groove on the block 31 (the "downward" position here refers to Fig.10 as well as Fig.11 ), the connecting frame 33 drives the moving ring 37 to move downward; The moving ring 37 moves downward, driving the rack 38 to move downward, thereby driving the gear ring 39 to rotate. The rotation of the gear ring 39 drives the rotating shaft 40 fixedly connected thereto to rotate, and the grinding block 36 extends out of the scraper barrel 34. When resetting is required, the electrically controlled pressure valve of the exhaust section on the air guide tube assembly 22 is opened to discharge the air in the cylinder 26. The cylinder 26 loses thrust, and the connecting frame 33 is reset under the action of the elastic telescopic rod 32, thereby resetting the grinding block 36 and retracting the grinding block 36 into the scraper tube 34.

[0045] The locking component includes a third cylinder body 23 fixedly mounted on the punching press 10, a second push rod 28 fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the third cylinder body 23, a limiting wedge block 29 fixedly mounted on the second push rod 28, a limiting slot matching the limiting wedge block 29 is provided on the connecting frame 33, the limiting slot and the limiting wedge block 29 are both trapezoidal in shape, and the air guide pipe group 22 is connected to the third cylinder body 23.

[0046] Since the grinding block 36 needs to generate a large pressure against the punch 12 during grinding, if the grinding block 36 is not limited, the grinding block 36 will rotate around the rotating shaft 40 during grinding, and cannot play a good grinding effect. Therefore, the grinding block 36 needs to be locked to ensure that the grinding block 36 is placed horizontally during grinding. The specific operation is as follows: Another branch of the air guide pipe assembly 22 will guide air into the third cylinder 23. The driving end of the third cylinder 23 will push the second push rod 28 to move, thereby driving the limiting wedge 29 to move, so that the limiting wedge 29 is inserted into the limiting slot. Since the limiting slot and the limiting wedge 29 are both trapezoidal in shape, the connecting frame 33 will be locked under the action of the limiting slot and the limiting wedge 29 and will not move upward (here, the upper and lower references are made to the figure). Fig.11 ), at this time, the grinding block 36 will not rotate around the rotation axis 40 and remain horizontal.

[0047] An inflation structure that matches the air outlet 41 is installed on the slide plate 8 and the pressure plate 9, and the inflation structure includes a second cylinder body 16 fixedly installed on the slide plate 8, and a second piston 21 is slidably installed in the second cylinder body 16. The second piston 21 and the pressure plate 9 are fixedly connected by a second connecting rod. A second one-way tube and an air injection pipe 18 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the second cylinder body 16. An air injection ring 35 is rotatably installed on the outside of the scraper barrel 34, close to the outer wall of the scraper barrel 34, and the air injection pipe 18 is connected to the air injection ring 35.

[0048] As the distance between the slide plate 8 and the pressure plate 9 changes back and forth, the second piston 21 in the second cylinder 16 moves back and forth, sucking outside air into the second cylinder 16 through the second one-way pipe, and then injecting air into the air injection ring 35 through the air injection pipe 18 on the second cylinder 16 (the air injection pipe 18 adopts a one-way design and can only discharge air but not take in air); Part of the air in the air injection ring 35 will be ejected through the holes, and the other part will be ejected through the air outlet 41. The air ejected from the air outlet 41 will clean the debris at the bottom of the scraper barrel 34, and the air ejected from the holes will clean the inside of the scraper barrel 34 and clean the debris of the punch 12 after being polished by the polishing block 36.

[0049] The specific operation steps of this device are as follows: First, place the metal piece on the punching bottom plate 2 and fix it, then drive the sliding plate 5 fixedly connected thereto to move downward on the punching bracket 3 through the punching hydraulic cylinder, thereby driving the limit slide rail to move downward, and the limit slide rail drives the adjusting slider 7 to move downward, thereby driving the pressure plate 9 fixedly connected thereto to move downward, and the pressure plate 9 moves downward to drive the punch 12 and the punching top 10 to move downward; Before the punching punch 12 contacts the metal part, the punching top 10 first contacts the metal part, and cooperates with the punching bottom plate 2 to clamp the punching part of the metal part, and then the pressing plate 9 continues to move downward, and the punch 12 contacts the metal part, and punches the metal part by punching; During the punching process, the distance between the slide plate 8 and the pressure plate 9 changes back and forth, and the second piston 21 in the second cylinder body 16 moves back and forth, sucking the outside air into the second cylinder body 16 through the second one-way pipe, and then injecting it into the air injection ring 35 through the air injection pipe 18 on the second cylinder body 16. Part of the air in the air injection ring 35 will be ejected through the hole, and the other part will be ejected through the air outlet 41. The air ejected from the air outlet 41 will clean the debris at the bottom of the scraper barrel 34, and the air ejected from the hole will clean the inside of the scraper barrel 34 and clean the debris of the punch 12 after being polished by the polishing block 36. At this time, as the distance between the slide plate 8 and the pressure plate 9 changes back and forth, the outside air will be sucked into the first cylinder body 13 through the first one-way pipe, so that the air is stored in the first cylinder body 13, and the pressure in the first cylinder body 13 becomes larger and larger. When the air pressure in the first cylinder body 13 is greater than the threshold value of the electric control pressure valve, the electric control pressure valve opens, and the air in the first cylinder body 13 will squeeze into the cylinder 26, so that the driving end of the cylinder 26 moves, thereby driving the first push rod 27 to move, and the movement of the first push rod 27 drives the fixed block and the pushing column 30 to move. The pushing column 30 is inserted into the groove body on the block body 31, and the groove body is inclined, so the movement of the pushing column 30 will drive the connecting frame 33 to move downward through the groove body on the block body 31, and the connecting frame 33 drives the moving ring 37 to move downward; the moving ring 37 moves downward and drives the rack 38 to move downward, thereby driving the gear ring 39 to rotate, and the rotation of the gear ring 39 drives the rotating shaft 40 fixedly connected thereto to rotate, so that the grinding block 36 extends out of the scraper barrel 34; At the same time, another branch of the air guide pipe group 22 will guide air into the third cylinder 23, and the driving end of the third cylinder 23 will push the second push rod 28 to move, thereby driving the limiting wedge 29 to move, so that the limiting wedge 29 is inserted into the limiting slot. Since the limiting slot and the limiting wedge 29 are both trapezoidal, the connecting frame 33 will be locked under the action of the limiting slot and the limiting wedge 29 and will not move upward. At this time, the grinding block 36 will not rotate around the rotating shaft 40 and remain horizontal. Finally, the drive motor 24 is started. The rotation of the drive end of the drive motor 24 will drive the scraper barrel 34 to rotate through the drive gear set. The rotation of the scraper barrel 34 generates centrifugal force to throw out the debris adhering to the scraper barrel 34, and the punch 12 is cleaned around when the punch 12 retracts. In addition, the rotation of the scraper barrel 34 can also drive the grinding block 36 to rotate and grind the bottom of the punch 12.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing, comprising a frame (1) and a punching base plate (2) fixedly mounted on the frame (1), characterized in that: It also includes a punching bracket (3) fixedly mounted on the frame (1), and a punching unit (4) is mounted on the punching bracket (3); The punching unit (4) comprises a punching assembly (6) and a punching hydraulic cylinder, wherein the punching hydraulic cylinder drives the punching assembly (6) to move and cooperates with the punching bottom plate (2) to perform a punching operation, and the punching assembly (6) comprises a pressing plate (9); The punching assembly (6) further comprises a punch (12) fixedly mounted on the pressure plate (9), and the punching assembly (6) comprises a punching top (10), a top adjustment mechanism (11) and a grinding and cleaning mechanism (25), wherein the punching top (10) cooperates with the punching bottom plate (2) to clamp the metal part, and the punching top (10) is slidably connected to the punch (12) and the pressure plate (9), and the top adjustment mechanism (11) is used to adjust the clamping force of the punching top (10) and the punching bottom plate (2) on the metal part; The grinding and cleaning mechanism (25) is used to grind the punch (12) and clean debris adhering to the punch (12), and to recycle the kinetic energy generated by the operation of the punching and pressing (10).

2. The intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An adjusting slider (7) is fixedly mounted on the pressure plate (9), a sliding plate (5) is slidably mounted on the punching bracket (3), a limiting slide rail is fixedly mounted on the sliding plate (5), the adjusting slider (7) and the limiting slide rail are slidably connected, and the adjusting slider (7) is locked by a bolt, and the telescopic end of the punching hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the sliding plate (5).

3. The intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A slide plate (8) is fixedly mounted on the punching press (10), and a plurality of sliding grooves are formed on the slide plate (8). A sliding column (15) is slidably mounted in each of the sliding grooves, and each of the sliding columns (15) is fixedly connected to the pressure plate (9).

4. The intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The pressure top adjustment mechanism (11) comprises a return spring (19) sleeved on a slide post (15), each of the slide posts (15) is provided with an adjustment thread sleeve (17) which is rotatably mounted on a thread groove, each of the adjustment thread sleeves (17) abuts against the top of the corresponding return spring (19), an annular groove is provided on the pressure plate (9), a rotating sleeve (14) is rotatably mounted in the annular groove, a plurality of tooth grooves are provided on the inner ring of the rotating sleeve (14), and each of the adjustment thread sleeves (17) is fixedly provided with a convex tooth which matches the tooth groove.

5. The intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The grinding and cleaning mechanism (25) comprises a scraper barrel (34) rotatably mounted inside a punching press (10) in an annular shape, the punching press (10) being mounted with a driving structure cooperating with the scraper barrel (34), the punch (12) passing through the middle of the scraper barrel (34), the scraper barrel (34) being hollow in design, a plurality of grinding blocks (36) of different mesh sizes being rotatably mounted inside the scraper barrel (34) via a plurality of rotating shafts (40), and a plurality of inclined air outlet holes (41) being provided at the bottom of the scraper barrel (34), an angle adjustment structure cooperating with the grinding blocks (36) being mounted on the slide plate (8) and the pressure plate (9), and an air blowing structure cooperating with the air outlet holes (41) being mounted on the slide plate (8) and the pressure plate (9).

6. The intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The driving structure comprises a driving motor (24) fixedly mounted on the punching press (10), and the driving motor (24) drives the scraper barrel (34) to rotate via a driving gear set.

7. The intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The angle adjustment structure comprises a first cylinder body (13) fixedly mounted on the slide plate (8), a first piston (20) being slidably mounted in the first cylinder body (13), the first piston (20) being fixedly connected to the pressure plate (9) via a first connecting rod, a first one-way tube and an air guide tube group (22) being fixedly connected at the bottom of the first cylinder body (13), a cylinder (26) being fixedly mounted on the punching press (10), a first push rod (27) being fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the cylinder (26), a fixed block being fixedly mounted on the first push rod (27), a push column (30) being rotatably mounted on the fixed block, a moving ring (37) being slidably mounted inside the scraper barrel (34), a plurality of racks (38) being fixedly mounted on the moving ring (37), and two toothed rings (39) meshing with corresponding racks (38) being fixedly mounted on each of the rotating shafts (40); A connecting frame (33) is rotatably mounted on the upper part of the movable ring (37); a plurality of elastic telescopic rods (32) are fixedly mounted between the connecting frame (33) and the punching press (10); a block (31) is fixedly mounted on the connecting frame (33); a groove body with an inclined design that matches the push column (30) is provided on the block (31); and a locking component is installed between the air guide tube group (22) and the connecting frame (33).

8. The intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The locking component comprises a third cylinder body (23) fixedly mounted on the punching press (10); a second push rod (28) is fixedly mounted on the telescopic end of the third cylinder body (23); a limiting wedge block (29) is fixedly mounted on the second push rod (28); a limiting slot matching the limiting wedge block (29) is provided on the connecting frame (33); the limiting slot and the limiting wedge block (29) are both in a trapezoidal shape; and the air guide pipe group (22) is connected to the third cylinder body (23).

9. The intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The inflation structure comprises a second cylinder body (16) fixedly mounted on the slide plate (8), a second piston (21) being slidably mounted in the second cylinder body (16), the second piston (21) being fixedly connected to the pressure plate (9) via a second connecting rod, a second one-way pipe and an air injection pipe (18) being fixedly connected to the bottom of the second cylinder body (16), an air injection ring (35) being rotatably mounted on the outside of the scraper barrel (34) in close contact with the outer wall of the scraper barrel (34), and the air injection pipe (18) being connected to the air injection ring (35).

10. An intelligent punching method based on metal casting processing, used for the intelligent punching device based on metal casting processing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. First, place the metal part on the punching base plate (2) and fix the metal part. Then, drive the punching assembly (6) downward by the punching hydraulic cylinder to perform a punching operation on the metal part. S2. Before the punching punch (12) contacts the metal part, the punching pressure top (10) is in contact with the metal part, and cooperates with the punching bottom plate (2) to clamp the punching part of the metal part. Then, the punching assembly (6) continues to move downward, and the punch (12) contacts the metal part. The metal part is punched by punching, and the pressure of the punching pressure top (10) on the metal part is adjusted by the pressure top adjustment mechanism (11) according to the thickness and hardness of the metal part. S3. When a certain number of holes are punched, the grinding and cleaning mechanism (25) operates to clean the debris adhering to the punch (12) and grind the punch (12).

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