River hydrological characteristic online acquisition device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological survey, and particularly provides a river hydrological feature online acquisition device, which comprises a rotating unit, an acquisition unit and a control unit, the ultrasonic probe is arranged on a rotating shaft of the rotating unit to rotate along with the rotating unit, a gyroscope is arranged in the ultrasonic probe to detect the angle of the ultrasonic probe, and the ultrasonic probe sends and receives ultrasonic waves; the circuit board is used for calculating the river bed profile, the water flow velocity of each part of the river channel and the water level of the river channel on the basis of the ultrasonic receiving frequency of the ultrasonic probe and the detection result of the gyroscope, and outputting the current flow of the river channel on the basis of the calculation result, and a communication structure is arranged in the circuit board to send the detection result; according to the invention, the river flow can be accurately calculated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological survey, and in particular to an online acquisition device for river hydrological characteristics. Background Art

[0002] River flow is an important indicator for hydrological monitoring and water resources management, and has important guiding significance and application value for water conservancy project construction, flow calculation, and shipping planning. Reasonable flow prediction is helpful for flood forecasting and management, reservoir water storage management, farmland irrigation, etc., and will bring positive economic and social benefits. Due to the complex and changeable hydrogeology and the high degree of development of surface water systems, surface water flow measurement is an important task in hydrogeological surveys.

[0003] At present, the flow measurement method of a wild river is to establish a field measurement station, measure the water surface velocity and water level through radar, and then estimate the flow through the measured river profile. However, this test method can only measure the water surface velocity, and the river has different depths and different distances from the shore, and the river velocity is different. Therefore, the radar measurement method can only estimate, but not accurately calculate. Therefore, this application proposes an online acquisition device for river hydrological characteristics. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics to solve the problem of low accuracy of current river hydrological survey methods.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics, the acquisition device comprising: Rotation unit; An ultrasonic probe, wherein the ultrasonic probe is arranged on the rotating shaft of the rotating unit to rotate with the rotating unit, a gyroscope is arranged inside the ultrasonic probe to detect the angle of the ultrasonic probe, and the ultrasonic probe sends and receives ultrasonic waves; A circuit board is provided with a computing unit, and the computing unit calculates the riverbed profile, the water flow velocity at various places in the river channel and the water level of the river channel based on the frequency of receiving ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic probe and the detection result of the gyroscope, and outputs the current flow of the river channel based on the calculation result. A communication structure is provided in the circuit board to send the detection result.

[0006] Furthermore, at least two probes are arranged on the ultrasonic probe, one of which generates a vertical beam when the ultrasonic probe is vertical, and the other probe is used to generate an inclined beam. The probe capable of generating a vertical beam is used to scan the riverbed section and the river water level, and the probe used to generate an inclined beam is used to detect the river flow rate.

[0007] Furthermore, the acquisition device further includes: The clutch assembly is used to connect the first rotating shaft located in the rotating unit and the ultrasonic probe, and the clutch assembly is used to cut off the connection between the first rotating shaft and the ultrasonic probe.

[0008] Furthermore, a second rotating shaft is fixed on the ultrasonic probe, and the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the rotating unit. The clutch assembly includes: An active plate, the active plate being fixedly connected to an end of the first rotating shaft close to the ultrasonic probe; A plurality of magnetic blocks, wherein the plurality of magnetic blocks are distributed in a circular array on a side of the active plate close to the ultrasonic probe; A driven plate, the driven plate is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft, and the driven plate is arranged parallel to the active plate; A plurality of second coils, the number of the second coils is the same as the number of the magnetic blocks, the plurality of second coils are distributed in a circular array on one side of the driven plate close to the active plate, the radius of the circle where the magnetic block and the second coil are located is the same, the second coil has an iron core built in, and the second coil generates a magnetic field that attracts the magnetic block when energized.

[0009] Furthermore, the second rotating shaft and the ultrasonic probe are connected via threads, a wiring hole is provided at the center of the second rotating shaft, and the wiring hole is a through-hole structure for installing a data cable and a power cable of the ultrasonic probe.

[0010] Furthermore, a limiting column is arranged between the second rotating shaft and the ultrasonic probe, a limiting step is arranged at the threaded end of the second rotating shaft, the limiting step is provided with a first limiting hole parallel to the axis of the second rotating shaft, the bottom of the second rotating shaft is connected to the outside at the outer side of the second rotating shaft, a water-absorbing and swelling material is arranged at the bottom of the first limiting hole, a limiting column is arranged in the first limiting hole, and the ultrasonic probe is provided with a second limiting hole at a corresponding position of the first limiting hole, and the openings of the second limiting hole and the first limiting hole coincide with each other.

[0011] Furthermore, a battery is also provided on the circuit board, and the battery in the circuit board is used to power the electronic components on the circuit board and the ultrasonic probe, and the acquisition device also includes: A power generation unit, used to generate electric energy, wherein the power generation unit utilizes the electric energy generated by the rotation of the first rotating shaft in the rotating unit and stores the electric energy in the circuit board, wherein the power generation unit comprises: A magnetic column fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft; A first coil is fixedly connected to the periphery of the magnetic column. When the magnetic column rotates along with the first rotating shaft, the magnetic field in the first coil changes to generate current.

[0012] Furthermore, the multiple coil structures on the first coil are connected to a group of array switches, and a current detection circuit is also provided on the circuit board. The array switch is connected to the current detection circuit and the current processing circuit, and is used to switch the connection mode of the first coil. When the first coil is connected to the current detection circuit, only one coil structure on the first coil is connected to the current detection circuit, and the other coil structures are disconnected, which is used to detect the rotational speed of the first rotating shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, when the power generation unit generates electricity, the coil structures in the first coil are connected in series through an array switch, and the ends of the series-connected coil structures are connected to a current processing circuit.

[0014] Furthermore, a waterproof spacer is provided between the magnetic column and the first coil. The waterproof spacer is a non-magnetic, cylindrical film structure. The waterproof spacer is used to isolate the magnetic column. The end of the waterproof spacer is sealed with the rotating unit. The space where the magnetic column is located is isolated from the space where the first coil and the circuit board are located. The space where the magnetic column is located is also provided with an immersion sensor for detecting whether there is water leakage inside the magnetic column.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: The device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention drives an ultrasonic probe located at the bottom of the water to rotate through a rotating unit. During the rotation of the ultrasonic probe, the riverbed profile can be scanned, and the water flow velocity and river water level at various locations in the river can be measured simultaneously. The river flow is calculated by calculating the average velocity of the water flow in the river and the riverbed cross-section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a front view of the device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view of AA.

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point I in the middle.

[0020] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shell in the device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first rotating shaft in the device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of an active plate and a magnetic block in a device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the side of the active plate facing away from the driven plate in the device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Fig. 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of a driven plate and a second coil in the device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of calculating the angle between the ultrasonic beam and the water flow in the device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Fig.11 It is a schematic structural diagram of a driven plate and a second coil in the device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Reference numerals: 100, rotating unit; 110, first rotating shaft; 111, limiting block; 120, worm wheel blade; 130, end plate; 140, housing; 141, outer shell; 142, inner shell; 143, battery compartment; 144, fixing foot; 150, middle cover; 160, back cover; 200, ultrasonic probe; 210, second rotating shaft; 211, wiring hole; 212, first limiting hole; 220, second limiting hole ; 230, limit column; 300, power generation unit; 310, magnetic column; 320, first coil; 330, waterproof spacer; 400, clutch assembly; 410, active plate; 411, limit groove; 420, magnetic block; 430, driven plate; 440, second coil; 441, iron core; 500, circuit board; 600, dirt removal assembly; 610, mounting plate; 620, connecting plate; 630, wiping block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an online acquisition device for river hydrological characteristics, which is used to be installed at the bottom of a river to continuously acquire river flow and river water level. The acquisition device includes: Rotating unit 100; An ultrasonic probe 200, wherein the ultrasonic probe 200 is disposed on the rotating shaft of the rotating unit 100 to rotate with the rotating unit 100, a gyroscope is disposed inside the ultrasonic probe 200 to detect the angle of the ultrasonic probe 200, and the ultrasonic probe 200 sends and receives ultrasonic waves; A circuit board 500 is provided with a computing unit, and the computing unit calculates the riverbed profile, the water flow velocity at various locations in the river channel, and the water level of the river channel based on the frequency of receiving ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic probe 200 and the detection result of the gyroscope, and outputs the current flow of the river channel based on the calculation result. A communication structure is provided in the circuit board 500 to send the detection result.

[0030] Specifically, in this embodiment, the acquisition device is installed at the bottom of the river. When the ultrasonic probe 200 is set vertically, the vertical ultrasonic beam emitted by the ultrasonic probe 200 can detect the water level of the river. During the continuous rotation of the ultrasonic probe 200, the ultrasonic probe 200 can scan the riverbed profile. At the same time, by receiving echoes of a preset frequency, the flow velocity of the river at a preset distance from the ultrasonic probe 200 can be detected, thereby calculating the flow velocity of each preset point in the river, thereby calculating the average flow velocity of the water flow in the river, and calculating the flow velocity of the river based on the riverbed profile.

[0031] The device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention drives the ultrasonic probe 200 located at the bottom of the water to rotate through the rotating unit 100. During the rotation of the ultrasonic probe 200, the riverbed profile can be scanned, and the water flow velocity and river water level at various locations in the river can be measured at the same time. The river flow is calculated by calculating the average velocity of the water flow in the river and the riverbed section, and the river flow rate has the advantage of high measurement accuracy.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, if Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the rotating unit 100 includes a first rotating shaft 110, a worm wheel blade 120 and a housing 140, the first rotating shaft 110 is rotatably connected to the housing 140, the first rotating shaft 110 and the ultrasonic probe 200 are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the first rotating shaft 110, the circuit board 500 is fixedly connected to the inside of the housing 140, the housing 140 is sealed, and a fixing foot 144 is provided on the housing 140 to connect a pile, and the pile is fixed to the riverbed, and the two ends of the housing 140 are respectively connected to an end plate 130 and a middle cover 150 by bolts, and shaft seals are provided on the end plate 130 and the middle cover 150 to connect the first rotating shaft 110, so that the inside of the housing 140 is sealed, and at the same time, the shaft seals are located at the two ends of the first rotating shaft 110, which can make the rotation of the first rotating shaft 110 more stable.

[0033] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic probe 200 may be powered by a built-in battery or an external power source. The ultrasonic probe 200 is preferably powered by a built-in battery.

[0034] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic probe 200 is an ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Profile Velocimeter) probe. The ultrasonic probe 200 is connected to the first rotating shaft 110 via a shell structure. The shell structure is hollow inside and sealed from the outside. The gyroscope is built into the shell structure. The profile velocity detection method is the ADCP detection method in the prior art, as shown in formula (1): ; Formula (1) In which, is the received frequency; is the transmitting frequency; is the fluid velocity; is the relative angle between the ultrasonic beam and the fluid flow direction; is the speed of sound in the fluid; Among them, at least two probes are arranged on the ultrasonic probe 200, one of which can generate a vertical beam when the ultrasonic probe 200 is vertical, and the other probe is used to generate an inclined beam. The probe that can generate a vertical beam is used to scan the riverbed section and the water level of the river, and the probe used to generate an inclined beam is used to detect the flow rate of the river. The method of vertical beam scanning of the riverbed section and the water level is a prior art. Since the riverbed and the water level are inconvenient in a certain period of time, therefore, when scanning with a vertical beam, an echo of a section of ultrasonic wave with the same transmission frequency is obtained, the transmission time and the receiving time are calculated, and then the distance of the reflection point is calculated in combination with the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the water, so as to draw the riverbed section in combination with the ultrasonic probe 200. As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, as Fig.10 As shown, in this embodiment, the The calculation method of is as follows: Fig.10In the figure, the oxy plane is the rotation plane of the ultrasonic probe 200, the direction AZ is the water flow direction of the river, OA is the ultrasonic beam, and ∠OAZ is the angle between the ultrasonic beam and the water flow direction (i.e. ), ∠AOa is the tilt angle of the ultrasonic probe (the beam emitted by the tilted probe is used to detect the flow velocity of the water flow), Oa is the projection of OA on the rotation plane. When installed, the water flow direction is perpendicular to the rotation plane, then ∠OaA is a right angle, and ∠AOa is determined by the structure of the ultrasonic probe 200, which is recorded as ,but The calculation method is formula (2): ;Formula (2) In this embodiment, formula (1) evolves into formula (3): ;Formula (3).

[0035] In this embodiment, the communication structure is a wired communication device. When the ultrasonic probe 200 and the circuit board 500 are powered by a cable, the communication structure has wired communication, such as optical fiber communication. The communication structure can also be wireless communication, such as GPRS communication (4G communication, 5G communication).

[0036] As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, the first rotating shaft 110 and the ultrasonic probe 200 are connected via a clutch assembly 400, so that the ultrasonic probe 200 can be stopped, thereby preventing the first rotating shaft 110 from continuously rotating and driving the ultrasonic probe 200 to continuously rotate, thereby reducing the friction between the ultrasonic probe 200 and the water flow, thereby reducing the scouring of the water flow.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, a second rotating shaft 210 is fixed to the ultrasonic probe 200, and the second rotating shaft 210 is rotatably connected to an end of the housing 140 away from the worm wheel blade 120. The clutch assembly 400 includes: An active plate 410, wherein the active plate 410 is fixedly connected to an end of the first rotating shaft 110 away from the worm wheel blade 120; A plurality of magnetic blocks 420, wherein the plurality of magnetic blocks 420 are distributed in a circular array on a side of the active plate 410 close to the ultrasonic probe 200; A driven plate 430, wherein the driven plate 430 is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft 210, and the driven plate 430 is arranged parallel to the active plate 410; A plurality of second coils 440, wherein the number of the second coils 440 is the same as the number of the magnetic blocks 420, and the plurality of second coils 440 are distributed in a circular array on a side of the driven plate 430 close to the active plate 410, and the radius of the circle where the magnetic block 420 and the second coils 440 are located is the same, and the second coils 440 have an iron core 441 built therein, and the second coils 440 generate a magnetic field that attracts the magnetic block 420.

[0038] In this embodiment, the end of the middle cover 150 away from the shell 140 is fixedly connected to the back cover 160, the back cover 160 is cylindrical, and the back cover 160 is fixedly connected to the middle cover 150 by bolts, the clutch assembly 400 is located inside the back cover 160, the second rotating shaft 210 is rotatably connected to the inside of the back cover 160 through a shaft seal structure, the driven plate 430 is fixedly connected to one end of the second rotating shaft 210 located inside the back cover 160 by threads or interference fit, the second rotating shaft 210 is provided with a collector slip ring structure for connecting the circuit board 500 and the second coil 440, the shaft seal structure on the second rotating shaft 210 is a damping seal cover bearing, when the second coil 440 is powered off, the second rotating shaft 210 can stop in time, and the ultrasonic probe 200 can hover; In this embodiment, if Figures 6 to 9 As shown, a step structure for mounting the active plate 410 is provided at the end of the first rotating shaft 110, and a limit block 111 is provided on the step structure. The limit blocks 111 are provided in three numbers, and the three limit blocks 111 are evenly distributed around the axis of the first rotating shaft 110 in the circumferential direction. A limit groove 411 is provided on the active plate 410, and the cross-section of the limit groove 411 is the same as that of the limit block 111, so that the limit block 111 and the limit groove 411 can cooperate, and the active plate 410 is fixedly connected to the limit block 111 by bolts, and a plurality of blind hole structures are provided on the active plate 410, and the magnetic block 420 is fixed to the blind hole structure by gluing, and eight of the magnetic block 420 and the second coil 440 are provided, and the driven plate 430 is a disc structure, and the iron core 441 is fixed to the driven plate 430 by a threaded structure.

[0039] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, the second rotating shaft 210 and the ultrasonic probe 200 are connected by threads, and a wiring hole 211 is provided at the center of the second rotating shaft 210. The wiring hole 211 is a through-hole structure, and the signal line and the power line in the ultrasonic probe 200 are connected to the collector slip ring through the wiring hole 211. Figure 4As shown, a limiting column 230 is further arranged between the second rotating shaft 210 and the ultrasonic probe 200 to prevent loosening, a limiting step is arranged at the threaded end of the second rotating shaft 210, and the limiting step is provided with a first limiting hole 212 parallel to the axis of the second rotating shaft 210, the bottom of the second rotating shaft 210 is connected to the outside at the outside of the second rotating shaft 210, a water-absorbing and swelling material (such as polyacrylate) is arranged at the bottom of the first limiting hole 212, a limiting column 230 is arranged in the first limiting hole 212, and the ultrasonic probe 200 is provided with a second limiting hole 220 at a corresponding position of the first limiting hole 212, and the second limiting hole 220 is provided at a corresponding position of the first limiting hole 212. 0 and the opening of the first limiting hole 212 coincide with each other. After the acquisition device is placed in water, the water-swellable material absorbs water and expands, and pushes one end of the limiting column 230 into the second limiting hole 220, so that the limiting column 230 connects the first limiting hole 212 and the second limiting hole 220, so that the limiting column 230 can prevent the ultrasonic probe 200 from rotating, thereby playing an anti-loosening role. When not placed in water, the ultrasonic probe 200 can be disassembled at any time. When the acquisition device is placed in water, the limiting column 230 will prevent the ultrasonic probe 200 from rotating, thereby preventing the ultrasonic probe 200 from loosening under the scouring of water.

[0040] Preferably, the bottom of the second limiting hole 220 is also connected to the outside through a through-hole structure. During disassembly, the limiting column 230 can be pushed into the first limiting hole 212 by blowing. It should be noted that the limiting column 230, the second rotating shaft 210, and the outer shell structure of the ultrasonic probe 200 are not made of corrosive materials to prevent the limiting column 230 from rusting and being fixed in the second limiting hole 220.

[0041] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, Fig.11 As shown, the acquisition device also includes: A dirt removal component 600, used to remove dirt on the ultrasonic probe 200; Specifically, in this embodiment, the dirt removal component 600 includes a mounting plate 610, a connecting piece 620 and a wiping block 630, the mounting plate 610 is an arc-shaped plate, the mounting plate 610 is fixedly connected to the rotating unit 100, the connecting piece 620 is located below the ultrasonic probe 200, the mounting plate 610 and the connecting piece 620 are fixedly connected, the wiping block 630 is elastic rubber, the wiping block 630 is fixed to the connecting piece 620, the connecting piece 620 is a bent plate, the wiping block 630 is located below the ultrasonic probe 200, a serrated structure is provided on the wiping block 630, when the ultrasonic probe 200 rotates, the end of the ultrasonic probe 200 sweeps over the wiping block 630, so that the wiping block 630 wipes the end of the ultrasonic probe 200.

[0042] Example 2 As another embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment is different from Embodiment 1 in that a battery is further provided on the circuit board 500, and the battery in the circuit board 500 is used to power the electronic components on the circuit board 500 and the ultrasonic probe 200, and the acquisition device further includes: A power generation unit 300, used to generate electric energy. The power generation unit 300 utilizes the electric energy generated by the rotation of the first rotating shaft 110 in the rotating unit 100 and stores the electric energy in the circuit board 500; Specifically, in this embodiment, the power generation unit 300 includes a magnetic column 310, a first coil 320 and a waterproof spacer 330. The magnetic column 310 is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 110. The magnetic column 310 is a rotor structure of a generator in the prior art. The first coil 320 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the shell 140. The magnetic column 310 and the first coil 320 are both located in the shell 140. A plurality of the first coils 320 are provided. The first coils 320 are evenly distributed around the axis of the magnetic column 310 in the circumferential direction. The magnetic column 310 is connected to a current processing circuit such as a rectifier and a transformer, so that the power generation unit 300 can output DC power with a stable voltage, such as Figure 5 As shown, an inner shell 142 is disposed inside the shell 140 , and the inner shell 142 is used to fix the first coil 320 . The connection method of the first coil 320 to the shell 140 is the same as that of the generator in the prior art.

[0043] As a preferred implementation of this embodiment, multiple coil structures on the first coil 320 are connected to a group of array switches, and the circuit board 500 is also provided with a current detection circuit. The array switch is connected to the current detection circuit and the current processing circuit, and is used to switch the connection mode of the first coil 320. When the first coil 320 is connected to the current detection circuit, only one coil structure on the first coil 320 is connected to the current measuring circuit, and the other coil structures are disconnected, which is used to detect the rotation speed of the first rotating shaft 110, so as to measure the flow rate at the current position. Since the rotation speed of the first rotating shaft 110 is proportional to the rotation speed of the water flow, the water flow rate at the position where the acquisition device is located can be obtained by measuring the rotation speed of the first rotating shaft 110. Since only one coil structure is in a closed state, when the first rotating shaft 110 rotates, a pulse current will appear in the closed coil structure. By measuring the frequency of the pulse current and the number of magnets on the magnetic column 310, the rotation speed of the first rotating shaft 110 can be obtained. For example, when the magnetic column 310 is provided with eight magnets in the circumferential direction, the calculation method is as shown in formula (4): ;Formula (4) in, is the rotation speed of the first rotating shaft 110, is the frequency of the pulse current, is the number of magnets of the magnetic column 310 in the circumferential direction. If the frequency of the pulse current is 8 Hz, the speed of the first rotating shaft 110 is 1 rad / s. If the frequency of the pulse current is 4 Hz, the speed of the first rotating shaft 110 is 0.5 rad / s. It should be noted that when the first coil 320 is measuring the flow velocity, the clutch assembly 400 is in a disconnected state, that is, the second coil 440 is not energized.

[0044] When the power generation unit 300 generates electricity, the coil structures in the first coil 320 are connected in series through an array switch, and the ends of the series-connected coil structures are connected to a current processing circuit for collecting electrical energy.

[0045] Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the array switch is composed of multiple single-pole double-throw switches, each of which is connected to an end of a coil structure, wherein the single-pole double-throw switch is an electronic switch, and its switching is controlled by a control chip on the control unit.

[0046] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, a waterproof spacer 330 is further provided between the magnetic column 310 and the first coil 320. The waterproof spacer 330 is a non-magnetic, cylindrical film structure. The waterproof spacer 330 is used to isolate the magnetic column 310. The end of the waterproof spacer 330 is sealed by the end plate 130 and the middle cover 150, so that the space where the magnetic column 310 is located is isolated from the space where the first coil 320 and the circuit board 500 are located. The space where the magnetic column 310 is located is also provided with an immersion sensor for detecting whether there is a water leakage problem inside the magnetic column 310. There is a risk of damage to the shaft seal structure during use, which may cause water to seep into the space where the magnetic column 310 is located and cause a short circuit in the first coil 320 or the circuit board 500. In this embodiment, the waterproof spacer 330 is a rubber or plastic film structure, and the waterproof spacer 330 is not in contact with the magnetic column 310 and the first coil 320. The end of the waterproof spacer 330 is clamped at the connection between the end plate 130 and the middle cover 150, and can also play a role in sealing the end plate 130, the middle cover 150 and the shell 140. The control chip in the circuit board 500 is electrically connected to the immersion sensor.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, the shell 140 includes an outer shell 141 and an inner shell 142. A battery compartment 143 is provided in the outer shell 141 to place the battery. A plurality of the battery compartments 143 are connected to the inner shell 142, so that the battery compartments 143 can dissipate heat while the inner shell 142 can also dissipate heat, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance of the power generation unit 300. In this embodiment, the inner shell 142 is a cylindrical structure.

[0048] The terms used in the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "the" and "the" used in the present invention and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates other meanings. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0049] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in the present invention to describe various information, these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0050] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics, characterized in that: The acquisition device comprises: Rotation unit; An ultrasonic probe, wherein the ultrasonic probe is arranged on the rotating shaft of the rotating unit to rotate with the rotating unit, a gyroscope is arranged inside the ultrasonic probe to detect the angle of the ultrasonic probe, and the ultrasonic probe sends and receives ultrasonic waves; A circuit board is provided with a computing unit, and the computing unit calculates the riverbed profile, the water flow velocity at various places in the river channel and the water level of the river channel based on the frequency of receiving ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic probe and the detection result of the gyroscope, and outputs the current flow of the river channel based on the calculation result. A communication structure is provided in the circuit board to send the detection result.

2. The device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two probes are arranged on the ultrasonic probe, one of which generates a vertical beam when the ultrasonic probe is vertical, and the other probe is used to generate an inclined beam. The probe capable of generating a vertical beam is used to scan the riverbed section and the river water level, and the probe used to generate an inclined beam is used to detect the flow rate of the river water.

3. The device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition device also includes: The clutch assembly is used to connect the first rotating shaft located in the rotating unit and the ultrasonic probe, and the clutch assembly is used to cut off the connection between the first rotating shaft and the ultrasonic probe.

4. The device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics according to claim 3, characterized in that: A second rotating shaft is fixed on the ultrasonic probe, and the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the rotating unit. The clutch assembly includes: An active plate, the active plate being fixedly connected to an end of the first rotating shaft close to the ultrasonic probe; A plurality of magnetic blocks, wherein the plurality of magnetic blocks are distributed in a circular array on a side of the active plate close to the ultrasonic probe; A driven plate, the driven plate is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft, and the driven plate is arranged parallel to the active plate; A plurality of second coils, the number of the second coils is the same as the number of the magnetic blocks, the plurality of second coils are distributed in a circular array on one side of the driven plate close to the active plate, the radius of the circle where the magnetic block and the second coil are located is the same, the second coil has an iron core built in, and the second coil generates a magnetic field that attracts the magnetic block when energized.

5. The device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second rotating shaft and the ultrasonic probe are connected via threads. A wiring hole is provided at the center of the second rotating shaft. The wiring hole is a through-hole structure and is used for installing a data line and a power line of the ultrasonic probe.

6. The device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics according to claim 5, characterized in that: A limiting column is also arranged between the second rotating shaft and the ultrasonic probe, a limiting step is arranged at the threaded end of the second rotating shaft, the limiting step is provided with a first limiting hole parallel to the axis of the second rotating shaft, the bottom of the second rotating shaft is connected to the outside at the outer side of the second rotating shaft, a water-absorbing and swelling material is arranged at the bottom of the first limiting hole, a limiting column is arranged in the first limiting hole, and a second limiting hole is arranged at a corresponding position of the first limiting hole on the ultrasonic probe, and the openings of the second limiting hole and the first limiting hole coincide with each other.

7. The device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The circuit board is also provided with a battery, and the battery in the circuit board is used to supply power to the electronic components on the circuit board and the ultrasonic probe. The acquisition device also includes: A power generation unit, used to generate electric energy, wherein the power generation unit utilizes the electric energy generated by the rotation of the first rotating shaft in the rotating unit and stores the electric energy in the circuit board, wherein the power generation unit comprises: A magnetic column fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft; A first coil is fixedly connected to the periphery of the magnetic column. When the magnetic column rotates along with the first rotating shaft, the magnetic field in the first coil changes to generate current.

8. The device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics according to claim 7, characterized in that: The multiple coil structures on the first coil are connected to a group of array switches. A current detection circuit is also provided on the circuit board. The array switch is connected to the current detection circuit and the current processing circuit for switching the connection mode of the first coil. When the first coil is connected to the current detection circuit, only one coil structure on the first coil is connected to the current detection circuit, and the other coil structures are disconnected for detecting the rotational speed of the first rotating shaft.

9. The device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the power generation unit generates electricity, the coil structures in the first coil are connected in series through an array switch, and the ends of the series-connected coil structures are connected to a current processing circuit.

10. The device for online acquisition of river hydrological characteristics according to claim 8, characterized in that: A waterproof spacer is also provided between the magnetic column and the first coil. The waterproof spacer is a non-magnetic, cylindrical film structure. The waterproof spacer is used to isolate the magnetic column. The end of the waterproof spacer is sealed with the rotating unit. The space where the magnetic column is located is isolated from the space where the first coil and the circuit board are located. An immersion sensor is also provided in the space where the magnetic column is located to detect whether there is water leakage inside the magnetic column.

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