Blasting vibration monitoring point arrangement method suitable for complex geological terrain

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting vibration monitoring point arrangement method suitable for complex geological terrains. According to the method, complex geological and topographic features in a blasting vibration monitoring area are fully considered, distribution features of a blasting source center, geological and topographic features, a protection object and the like which influence vibration propagation are simplified, and the influence degree of the feature symbols and weight factors on a blasting vibration attenuation rule is described through the feature symbols and the weight factors and drawn on a map; calculating the number of distributed measuring points according to geological and topographic features, and determining the arrangement range of the measuring points in the monitoring area according to a logarithmic rule of close-to-far sparse; projecting the measuring points into a monitoring sector, and adjusting the positions of the measuring points according to rules and weight factors to obtain a blasting vibration measuring point arrangement map capable of fully reflecting complex geological and topographic conditions. The method can more comprehensively and systematically guide the arrangement of the measuring points in the research of the blasting vibration attenuation law of a complex geological terrain area, greatly improves the fitting accuracy of the vibration attenuation law, and is wide in application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of blasting vibration safety monitoring, and in particular to a blasting vibration monitoring point arrangement method suitable for complex geological terrain. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of large-scale hydropower and mining projects, there are often problems of large-scale, repeated blasting, which will cause strong dynamic responses in the project area and nearby buildings (structures). When the vibration exceeds a certain threshold, it may cause structural damage. In order to control the safety of blasting vibration and optimize the blasting design parameters in time, it is necessary to study the attenuation law of blasting vibration. At present, the commonly used method is to deploy a certain number of vibration sensors between the blasting source and the protected object, obtain the peak value of the particle vibration velocity induced by different blasting center distances and charges, and then fit the vibration attenuation formula to illustrate the law. When studying the attenuation law of field blasting vibration propagation, it is necessary to consider complex geological and topographic factors, as well as the distribution of blasting sources and protected objects, and reasonably arrange the measuring points to fully reflect the attenuation characteristics in the monitoring area. However, in the actual operation process, there is still a certain degree of blindness in the layout of measuring points, and there is a lack of scientific theoretical guidance.

[0003] In view of the above problems, it is of great engineering significance to invent a method for distributing vibration monitoring points in complex geological terrain that comprehensively considers the characteristics that affect vibration propagation in the engineering area and improves the accuracy of the attenuation law formula. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the lack of a method for setting up measuring points under complex geological terrain in the above-mentioned background technology, and to provide a method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain. The method comprehensively and comprehensively considers the geological terrain, elevation changes, and object distribution characteristics that affect vibration propagation in the engineering area, while ensuring the adequacy of the monitoring results, and at the same time, reflects the vibration attenuation law under the influence of various factors to a great extent, and effectively improves the accuracy of the fitting formula.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Count the geological and topographical characteristics of the areas where the explosion sources and protected objects are located, and compile and draw a geological and topographical distribution map of the explosion areas and protected objects;

[0007] Step 2: Taking the explosion source as the center, extract the map sector containing all the protected objects, simplify the geological and topographical features in the sector into geological condition description symbols and topographic condition description symbols, and use weight factors to represent the influence of geological characteristics and topographic characteristics on the vibration attenuation law;

[0008] Step 3: According to the statistical features and weight results of step 2, calculate the number of blasting vibration measurement points according to formula (2).

[0009]

[0010] Where M is the number of blasting vibration measurement points; i, j, k, l represent geological characteristics, topographical characteristics, protected objects and the number of blasting sources respectively; α i is the geological characteristic weight factor; β j is the terrain feature weight factor;

[0011] Step 4: Determine the range of measuring point layout according to the logarithmic rule of the distance to the explosion source, and project it onto the sector map;

[0012] Step 5: According to the corresponding rules and the distribution of geological and topographical features, combined with the measurement point layout range given in step 4, determine the measurement point layout location and form a blasting vibration monitoring point layout map.

[0013] Furthermore, the geological and topographical characteristics within the explosion area and the protection object distribution sector are quantified and represented by characteristic symbols and weight factors.

[0014] Furthermore, the weight factors of the geological characteristics proposed in step 2 are determined based on the inversion relationship between the geology and the blasting vibration attenuation law.

[0015] Furthermore, when the geological features are rock layers, joints, alluvial fans, and rivers, the weight factor is 1; when the geological features are faults or folds, the weight factor is 2.

[0016] Furthermore, the weight factor of the terrain features proposed in step 2 is determined based on the height fluctuation characteristics along the route to determine its influence on the blasting vibration attenuation, and is calculated using the following formula (1):

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, j is the terrain feature, β j is the terrain feature weight factor, h j is the absolute height difference of undulation, m; l j is the undulation distance, in m; [] indicates rounding to the nearest integer.

[0019] Furthermore, the distance between the blasting measurement point and the blasting source proposed in step 4 is determined according to the logarithmic rule and is calculated using the following formula (3):

[0020]

[0021] Where, M is the number of blasting vibration measurement points, f is the fth measurement point, and D frepresents the distance from the fth point to the explosion source, m; R is the scope of the engineering blasting impact area, m; e is the natural logarithm.

[0022] Furthermore, when M≤5, M is 5.

[0023] Furthermore, step 5 proposes that the measurement point position is determined in the logarithmic distance range given in step 4 according to the following rules:

[0024] Rule 1: Place one measuring point at the location where the general geological conditions change; when encountering special geological conditions, place measuring points on both sides of the sudden change location;

[0025] Rule 2: According to the terrain characteristics, measurement points are arranged at the undulating places. The principle of measurement point arrangement needs to be determined in combination with the description operator. When the number of measurement points exceeds 2, they are generally arranged at the starting point and the end point of the terrain transformation. The remaining measurement points are arranged every 40m-60m along the undulating distance.

[0026] Rule 3: When the protected object is a building, the monitoring point is arranged on the foundation surface closest to the explosion source; when the protected object is a slope, the monitoring point is arranged at the inner slope foot of the horseway closest to the explosion area; when the building is more than 10 stories high or the slope is more than 30m high, it is necessary to add a measuring point on the top floor or the top of the slope;

[0027] Rule 4: A measuring point should be arranged within 5m of the explosion source.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (I) The present invention counts and quantifies the vibration attenuation characteristics that affect the blasting area and the protected object, determines the relationship between the characteristics and the number of measuring points according to the degree of influence, and fully considers and accurately describes the field blasting vibration monitoring environment; Different from the previous blind point arrangement, the present invention further introduces the constraint conditions of the characteristics on the arrangement of measuring points based on the logarithmic distribution rule of the measurement points to the blast source, so that the measurement point arrangement method proposed by the present invention not only meets the distance requirements of the vibration attenuation law, but also adds consideration of other influencing factors within the research scope, so that the fitting result is closer to the actual vibration attenuation law. This method can realize the systematic and accurate arrangement of field blasting vibration measuring points, and while guiding the arrangement of field blasting vibration measuring points, it greatly improves the accuracy of vibration attenuation law fitting.

[0030] (ii) The present invention can be widely used in large-scale, wide-range repeated blasting vibration safety monitoring in the fields of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, mining, blasting and demolition, etc. It provides a scientific method guidance for the arrangement of measuring points for studying the attenuation law of blasting vibration and has strong practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a sector for studying the blasting vibration attenuation law involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a preliminary determination range of measurement point positions involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of blasting vibration measuring points after adjustment involved in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure:

[0036] n1-n4, geological characteristics

[0037] h1~h4, topographic features;

[0038] p1-p3, characteristics of the protected object;

[0039] b1. Explosion source. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. For the convenience of description, if the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" appear in the following, they only indicate that the upper, lower, left and right directions are consistent with the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step 1: Collect blasting design and on-site construction technical data as well as geological and topographic data of the blasting area and protected areas. Combined with the on-site survey results, compile and draw a distribution map of the blasting area and protected areas, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 shown.

[0043] Step 2: With the blast source as the center, count the characteristics that affect the attenuation law of blasting vibration propagation in the sector formed by the protected object, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown, specifically including the following:

[0044] (1) Statistical geological structural characteristics, including rock layer characteristics and special geological structures such as faults and folds, denoted as n i , the geological structure weight factor is calculated by α i Characterization, where α i The value can be obtained according to Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Measurement point distance calculation table

[0046] Geological features Rock formations Fault Wrinkles Joints Alluvial fan river <![CDATA[α i ]]> 1 2 2 1 1 1

[0047] Note:

[0048] 1. The attenuation law of blasting vibration propagation is consistent in homogeneous rock formations, joints, and alluvial fans, so a single measuring point is sufficient, and the weight factor is 1; 2. The geological characteristics of a river are generally accompanied by the topographic characteristics of both banks. Generally, a single measuring point can be arranged on the bank far away from the blasting source, and the weight factor is 1; 3. Faults and folds are relatively typical geological features that reflect the geological structure in the region. They are generally complex and have an important influence on the attenuation law of blasting vibration. Generally, measuring points are arranged on both sides of the fault or fold to focus on the attenuation characteristics of the area, and the weight factor is 2.

[0049] (2) Count the topographic features such as hills, river valleys, basins, steep rock walls, etc., denoted as h j , the height fluctuation characteristics along the route are calculated by the weight factor β j Characterization, where β j It can be calculated according to formula (1):

[0050]

[0051] In the formula, j is the terrain feature, β j is the terrain feature weight factor, h j is the absolute height difference of undulation, m; l j is the undulation distance, m; [] means rounding to the nearest integer;

[0052] (3) Count the protected objects within the project area, denoted as p k ;

[0053] (4) Count the number of explosion sources, denoted as b l ;

[0054] Step 3: According to the statistical results of step 2, calculate the number of blasting vibration measurement points M, and calculate according to formula (2):

[0055]

[0056] Among them, M is the number of blasting vibration measurement points, i, j, k, l represent geological characteristics, terrain characteristics, protection objects and the number of blasting sources, respectively, and α i is the geological characteristic weight factor; β j is the terrain feature weight factor; when M≤5, 5 is recommended.

[0057] Step 4: After determining the number of monitoring points, preliminarily determine the location of the monitoring points according to the logarithmic rule of the distance to the explosion source, and mark the location of the monitoring points on the map, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 As shown, the measurement point range is preliminarily determined and calculated according to formula (3)

[0058]

[0059] Where, M is the number of blasting vibration measurement points, f is the fth measurement point, and D f represents the distance from the fth point to the blast source, m; R is the scope of the engineering blasting impact area, m; e is the natural logarithm;

[0060] Step 5: Project the measuring point range into the sector area and adjust the measuring point position according to the following rules:

[0061] (1) Place a measuring point at the location where the general geological conditions change, such as changes in stratum lithology; when encountering special geological conditions, place measuring points on both sides of the location where the sudden change occurs, such as faults and folds;

[0062] (2) According to the terrain characteristics, the measurement points are arranged in the undulating areas. The principle of measurement point arrangement needs to be combined with the description operator β j When the number of measuring points exceeds 2, they are usually arranged at the starting and ending points of the terrain change, and the remaining measuring points are arranged every 50m along the undulation distance;

[0063] (3) In general, when the protected object is a building (structure), the monitoring point is arranged on the foundation surface closest to the explosion source; when the protected object is a slope, the monitoring point is arranged at the foot of the inner slope of the horse trail closest to the explosion area; when the height is high (the building height exceeds 10 floors or the slope height exceeds 30m), it is necessary to add a measuring point on the top floor or the top of the slope;

[0064] (4) A measuring point should be arranged within 5m of the explosion source.

[0065] Step 6: Draw the adjusted measuring point locations on the map, arrange vibration sensors according to the locations, and monitor the blasting vibration response.

[0066] As an innovation, this method comprehensively considers the characteristics that affect the attenuation law of blasting vibration within the blasting area and the protected object, and establishes the relationship between the characteristics and the number of measuring points in a quantitative way.

[0067] As an improvement, this method further studies the influencing factors of the height change along the route and proposes a weight factor to establish the impact of this change on the distribution of measuring points.

[0068] As an improvement, the measurement point arrangement scheme described in the present method combines the logarithmic rule of close-to-dense and far-to-sparse and the characteristic distribution.

[0069] Below through embodiment, with attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 4 , the present invention is further described.

[0070] Taking the excavation of a hydropower project as an example, the above-mentioned method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain is used to determine the location of the measuring points in the project area. The specific steps are as follows:

[0071] A method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain includes the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Collect and organize geological and topographic data and the distribution of protected objects in the blasting engineering area of ​​the material yard, combine the on-site survey results of the material yard, and organize and draw a distribution map of the blasting area and protected objects.

[0073] Step 2: With the blast source as the center, count the characteristics of the sectors that affect the attenuation law of blasting vibration propagation in the protected objects, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown, it contains the following:

[0074] Table 2 Statistical table of characteristics of blasting affected areas

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] Step 3: According to the characteristic results counted in step 2, the number of blasting vibration measurement points M=11 is calculated;

[0078] Step 4: After determining the number of monitoring points, preliminarily determine the range of monitoring point layout according to the logarithmic rule of the distance to the explosion source, and use dotted lines to divide the area into different areas, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3 As shown, the maximum range of the sector affected by blasting and excavation in this material field does not exceed 500m. The distances of each survey line are calculated as shown in the following table:

[0079] Table 3 Measurement point distance calculation table Unit: m

[0080]

[0081] Step 5: Project the measuring point position into the sector area and adjust the measuring point position according to the rules, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 4 As shown;

[0082] Step 6: Draw the adjusted measuring point locations on the map, arrange vibration sensors according to the locations, and monitor the blasting vibration response.

[0083] The contents explained in the above embodiments should be understood as these embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent forms of modifications to the embodiments made by those skilled in the art fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Count the geological and topographical characteristics of the areas where the explosion sources and protected objects are located, and compile and draw a geological and topographical distribution map of the explosion areas and protected objects; Step 2: Taking the explosion source as the center, extract the map sector containing all the protected objects, simplify the geological and topographical features in the sector into geological condition description symbols and topographic condition description symbols, and use weight factors to represent the influence of geological characteristics and topographic characteristics on the vibration attenuation law; Step 3: According to the statistical features and weight results of step 2, calculate the number of blasting vibration measurement points according to formula (2). Where M is the number of blasting vibration measurement points; i, k, k, l represent geological characteristics, topographic characteristics, protected objects and the number of blasting sources respectively; α i is the geological characteristic weight factor; β j is the terrain feature weight factor; Step 4: Determine the range of measuring point layout according to the logarithmic rule of the distance to the explosion source, and project it onto the sector map; Step 5: According to the corresponding rules and the distribution of geological and topographical features, combined with the measurement point layout range given in step 4, determine the measurement point layout location and form a blasting vibration monitoring point layout map.

2. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geological and topographic characteristics within the explosion area and the protection object distribution sector are quantified and expressed by characteristic symbols and weight factors.

3. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight factors of geological characteristics proposed in step 2 are determined based on the inversion relationship between geology and blasting vibration attenuation law.

4. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the geological features are rock layers, joints, alluvial fans, and rivers, the geological feature weight factor is 1; when the geological features are faults or folds, the geological feature weight factor is 2.

5. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terrain feature weight factor proposed in step 2 is determined based on the height fluctuation characteristics along the route to determine its impact on blasting vibration attenuation, and is calculated using the following formula (1): In the formula, j is the terrain feature, β j is the terrain feature weight factor, h j is the absolute height difference of undulation, m; l j is the undulation distance, m; [] means rounding to the nearest integer.

6. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points in complex geological terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the blasting point and the blasting source proposed in step 4 is determined according to the logarithmic rule and is calculated using the following formula (3): Where, M is the number of blasting vibration measurement points, f is the fth measurement point, and D f represents the distance from the fth point to the explosion source, m; R is the scope of the engineering blasting impact area, and m; e is the natural logarithm.

7. The method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: When M≤5, M is 5.

8. A method for arranging blasting vibration monitoring points suitable for complex geological terrain according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Step 5 proposes that the measurement point location is determined within the logarithmic distance range given in step 4 according to the following rules: Rule 1: Place one measuring point at the location where the general geological conditions change; when encountering special geological conditions, place measuring points on both sides of the sudden change location; Rule 2: Arrange measuring points at undulating places according to terrain features. When the number of measuring points exceeds 2, they are generally arranged at the starting and ending points of terrain changes, and the remaining measuring points are arranged every 40m-60m along the undulating distance; Rule 3: When the protected object is a building, the monitoring point is arranged on the foundation surface closest to the explosion source; when the protected object is a slope, the monitoring point is arranged at the inner slope foot of the horseway closest to the explosion area; when the building is more than 10 stories high or the slope is more than 30m high, it is necessary to add a measuring point on the top floor or the top of the slope; Rule 4: A measuring point should be arranged within 5m of the explosion source.

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