Soil acid damage diagnostic kit and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a soil acid damage diagnostic kit which comprises a colorimetric card, a soaking agent and a color developing agent, the colorimetric cards are respectively yellow, orange yellow, orange red and red; the soaking agent is potassium chloride; the color developing agent is a dimethyl yellow solution. The invention also provides application of the soil acid damage diagnostic kit. The soil acid damage diagnostic kit can visually diagnose and identify soil acid damage in the field, and can distinguish the soil acid damage into four grades of negative, slight, moderate and serious, and the four grades are respectively represented by-, +, + + and + + +, so that a farmer can quickly identify the degree of the soil acid damage, and the farmer can conveniently formulate improvement measures for the soil acid damage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular relates to a soil acid damage diagnosis kit and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soil acid damage refers to the toxic effect of soil acidification on plant growth. In acidic soils with a pH of less than 5.0, aluminum oxide is the main buffering substance for soil pH. Aluminum oxide reacts with hydrogen ions to release aluminum ions, which accumulate in the soil in the form of soil exchangeable aluminum ions. The accumulation of soil exchangeable aluminum ions will lead to an increase in the concentration of aluminum ions in the soil solution. When the aluminum ion concentration is greater than 8 parts per million, aluminum ions will have a toxic effect on plants, root growth will be inhibited, and plants will show obvious poisoning phenomena, which is called aluminum toxicity. Studies have shown that the destructive effect of soil acidification on plant health mainly comes from the effect of aluminum toxicity. Therefore, the toxicity of soil acidification on plant growth is mainly the toxicity of aluminum ions to plants. The treatment of soil acid damage is essentially to eliminate the harm of soil aluminum toxicity. To treat soil acid damage, we must first understand the extent of soil acid damage. However, to date, there is no method suitable for farmers to diagnose and identify soil acid damage in the field. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the above technical problems and provide a soil acid damage diagnosis kit, which can be used in the improvement of cultivated soil acidification, so that farmers can quickly diagnose and identify the level of soil acid damage, and it is convenient for farmers to formulate measures to improve soil acidification.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is:

[0005] A soil acid damage diagnosis kit comprises a colorimetric card, an immersion agent and a color developer; the colorimetric card has four colors: yellow, orange-yellow, orange-red and red; the immersion agent is potassium chloride; and the color developer is a dimethyl yellow solution.

[0006] Preferably, the soil acid damage diagnostic kit of the present invention comprises 1 colorimetric card, 20 bags of soaking agent and 2 color developers, and also comprises a container with volume scale, such as a test tube, a measuring cup and a plastic bottle.

[0007] Preferably, the colorimetric card of the present invention has four colors: yellow, orange-yellow, orange-red and red. The change from yellow to red indicates that the degree of soil acid damage is gradually aggravated. Yellow indicates that the soil acid damage is negative, orange-yellow indicates mild, orange-red indicates moderate, and red indicates severe soil acid damage. Therefore, according to the color of the colorimetric card, soil acid damage is divided into four levels, corresponding to the soil acid damage levels of negative, mild, moderate and severe, respectively, and represented by "-, +, ++, +++", such as Figure 1 shown.

[0008] Preferably, each bag of soaking agent of the present invention contains 11g of potassium chloride.

[0009] Preferably, the preparation method of each color developer of the present invention is: dissolve dimethyl yellow in anhydrous ethanol to obtain a dimethyl yellow solution with a mass concentration of 1g / L, suck 1.5mL of the dimethyl yellow solution into a dropper, and seal it. 0.1mL is used for each diagnosis, so the dimethyl yellow solution in each dropper can be used for more than 10 diagnoses.

[0010] The present invention also provides an application of the soil acid damage diagnosis kit in diagnosing the soil acid damage level. Diagnosing the soil acid damage level includes the following steps:

[0011] (1) Sampling: In the plots to be diagnosed, 10 sampling points were randomly arranged in a grid pattern, and 5.0 g of soil sample was collected from the cultivated layer soil at each point, obtaining a total of 50 g of soil sample;

[0012] (2) Soaking soil: put 50g of soil sample into a container, add 1 bag of soaking agent, then add 150mL of pure water, seal, shake well for 1min, let stand for 1min, then repeat shaking well for 1min and letting stand for 1min, then shake well for 1min, then unseal and let stand for 10min;

[0013] (3) Diagnosis of soil acid damage level: Take 10 ml of the upper clear solution after standing and put it into a test tube. Add 0.10 mL (2 drops) of color developer. Shake well. After 1 minute of color development, compare with the color card. According to the color of the solution, Figure 1 The soil acidity level can be diagnosed.

[0014] Preferably, the soil acid damage diagnosis kit of the present invention is used to diagnose the soil acid damage level. After determining the soil acid damage level, a soil conditioner can be applied according to the soil acid damage level, specifically:

[0015] When the soil acid damage level is "-", there is no need to apply soil conditioners;

[0016] When the soil acid damage level is "+", apply 100kg / mu of soil conditioner;

[0017] When the soil acid damage level is "++", apply 200kg / mu of soil conditioner;

[0018] When the soil acid damage level is "+++", apply 300kg / mu of soil conditioner.

[0019] Preferably, in the use of the soil acid damage diagnosis kit of the present invention in diagnosing the soil acid damage level, the soil conditioner is one of limestone powder, dolomite powder and calcium magnesium silicate powder.

[0020] The technical principle of the present invention is as follows: The applicant's previous research results show that when the soil is soaked with 1 mol / L KCl, the relationship between the soil pH (KCl) and the exchangeable aluminum ion content can be fitted with a high degree of goodness of fit using the index content (R 2 =0.9005 ** )(See Figure 2 ), when the soil pH (KCl) is less than 4.0, the exchangeable aluminum ion content in the soil will accumulate rapidly, and the soil pH can reflect the degree of exchangeable aluminum ion accumulation in the soil. As an acid indicator, dimethyl sulfone changes color in the range of pH 2.9 to 4.0, which is exactly consistent with the range of changes in soil pH (KCl) caused by the rapid increase in soil acid damage. After repeated tests and verifications, the results show that soaking the soil in 1 mol / L KCl solution and using dimethyl yellow as a color developer can accurately diagnose and identify the degree of soil acid damage.

[0021] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The kit of the present invention is convenient for farmers to operate directly in the field without the need for special instruments and equipment. Farmers can complete the diagnosis and visual identification of soil acid damage in the field.

[0023] 2. The test kit of the present invention can quickly diagnose the level of soil acid damage. It only takes 20 minutes from sampling to completing the diagnosis to diagnose the level of soil acid damage.

[0024] 3. The dimethyl yellow of the present invention is an acid indicator with a color change range between pH 2.9 and 4.0. When the soil pH is greater than 4, the solution shows yellow, indicating negative soil acid damage. When the pH is less than 2.9, the solution shows red, indicating very serious soil acid damage. Therefore, the kit of the present invention is suitable for diagnosing all soils.

[0025] 4. After the test kit of the present invention diagnoses the soil acid damage level, the application amount of the soil conditioner can be determined according to the soil acid damage level to scientifically control the soil acid damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The colorimetric card sample and soil acid damage grade of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 The exchangeable Al 3+ Relationship with soil pH;

[0028] Figure 3 The soil acid damage diagnostic kit of the present invention is used to diagnose the acid damage grade of some plots in Quli Town, Fusui County, Guangxi;

[0029] Figure 4The soil acid damage diagnostic kit of the present invention is used to diagnose the acid damage grade of some plots in Zuozhou Town, Jiangzhou District, Guangxi;

[0030] Figure 5 The soil acid damage diagnostic kit of the present invention is used to diagnose the acid damage grade of some plots in Haizhou Town, Ningming County, Guangxi. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] (1) Sampling: 20 sugarcane-growing plots were randomly selected in Quli Town, Fusui County, Guangxi. Ten sampling points were randomly arranged in a grid pattern in each plot. 5.0 g of soil sample was collected from the tillage layer (0-15 cm) at each point. The soil samples from the 10 sampling points were combined to obtain 50.0 g of soil sample;

[0034] (2) Soaking soil: Put 50.0 g of soil sample into an empty mineral water bottle with a specification of 360 mL, add 1 bag of soaking agent, then add 150 mL of pure water, cover the mineral water bottle cap, shake the mineral water bottle up and down by hand for 1 min, let it stand for 1 min, shake the mineral water bottle again for 1 min, let it stand for 1 min again, shake the mineral water bottle again for 1 min, then open the mineral water bottle cap and let it stand for 10 min;

[0035] (3) Determine the soil acid damage level: Take out a transparent plastic test tube with a scale of 10 mL from the test kit, pour the clear soil solution in the upper part of the mineral water bottle after standing for 10 minutes into the plastic test tube to make it 10 mL, add 0.10 mL (2 drops) of color developer, shake well, and after 1 minute of color development, compare it with the color card. Determine the soil acid damage level based on the color of the solution. The results are shown in the table. Figure 3 and Table 1.

[0036] Table 1 Acid damage grade of some plots in Quli Town, Fusui County, Guangxi

[0037] Soil acidity level - + ++ +++ Number of soils 3 3 12 2 Proportion (%) 15 15 60 10

[0038] Example 2

[0039] The difference from Example 1 is that 22 plots of sugarcane were randomly selected in Zuozhou Town, Jiangzhou District, Guangxi, and soil acid damage was diagnosed using the same method as Example 1. The diagnosis results are shown in Figure 4 and Table 2.

[0040] Table 2 Acid damage level of some plots in Zuozhou Town, Jiangzhou District, Guangxi

[0041] Soil acidity level - + ++ +++ Number of soils 4 13 4 1 Proportion (%) 18.2 59.1 18.2 4.5

[0042] Embodiment 3:

[0043] The difference from Example 1 is that 20 plots of sugarcane were randomly selected in Haizhou Town, Ningming County, Guangxi, and soil acid damage was diagnosed using the same method as Example 1. The diagnosis results are shown in Figure 5 and Table 3.

[0044] Table 3 Acid damage level of some plots in Haizhou Town, Ningming County, Guangxi

[0045] Soil acidity level - + ++ +++ Number of soils 0 4 9 7 Proportion (%) 0 20 45 35

[0046] The results of the diagnosis of implementation 1-3 showed that the degree of soil acid damage in the sugarcane soils of the three locations was different. The soil acid damage in Haizhou Town, Ningming County was more serious, with most of them being "++" to "+++", while the soil acid damage in Zuozhou Town, Jiangzhou District was less serious, with most of them being "+". Moreover, the diagnosis results also showed that even in the same location, the degree of soil acid damage in different plots was very different. Therefore, through diagnosis, it can be clearly shown which plots have more serious acid damage and which plots have less soil acid damage, which is convenient for farmers to formulate corresponding soil improvement measures according to the acid damage levels of different plots.

[0047] Example 4: Treatment of soil acid damage

[0048] Table 4 The amount of soil conditioner required for soil acid damage level control

[0049] Soil acidity level - + ++ +++ Recommended dosage of soil conditioner (kg / mu) 0 100 200 300

[0050] Note: One mu is equal to 666.67 square meters.

[0051] The soil conditioner in Table 4 is one of limestone powder and dolomite powder. Specific application method: Before land preparation, according to the acid damage level of the soil in different plots, according to the corresponding amount of soil conditioner in Table 4, the soil conditioner is evenly spread on the soil surface, and the soil is tilled once with a rotary tiller to mix the soil conditioner with the tillage layer soil, and the soil acid damage control work can be completed.

[0052] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modified changes completed under the technical spirit suggested by the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil acid damage diagnostic kit, characterized in that: Contains color cards, soaking agents and color developers; The color cards are yellow, orange-yellow, orange-red, and red. The soaking agent is potassium chloride; The color developer is dimethyl yellow solution.

2. The soil acid damage diagnostic kit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Contains 1 colorimetric card, 20 bags of soaking agent and 2 color developers.

3. The soil acid damage diagnostic kit according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included are graduated containers.

4. The soil acid damage diagnostic kit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The colorimetric card has four colors: yellow, orange-yellow, orange-red and red, and the corresponding grades are -, +, ++, and +++.

5. The soil acid damage diagnostic kit according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each bag of the soaking agent contains 11g of potassium chloride.

6. The soil acid damage diagnostic kit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the developer comprises the following steps: dissolving dimethyl yellow in anhydrous ethanol to obtain a dimethyl yellow solution with a mass concentration of 1 g / L, and sucking the dimethyl yellow solution into a dropper and sealing the dropper.

7. Use of the soil acid damage diagnosis kit according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in diagnosing the soil acid damage grade.

8. The use of the soil acid damage diagnosis kit as claimed in claim 7 in diagnosing the soil acid damage level, characterized in that: The method for diagnosing soil acid damage level comprises the following steps: (1) Sampling: In the plots diagnosed with acid damage, 10 sampling points were randomly arranged in a grid pattern. 5.0 g of soil sample was collected from the cultivated layer soil at each point. The soil samples from the 10 sampling points were mixed to obtain 50.0 g of mixed soil; (2) Soaking soil: put 50.0g of mixed soil into a container, add 1 bag of soaking agent, then add 150mL of purified water, seal, shake well for 1min, let stand for 1min, then repeat shaking well for 1min and letting stand for 1min, finally shake well for 1min and let stand for 10min; (3) Determine the degree of soil acid damage: Take 10 mL of the supernatant after standing, add 0.10 mL of the color developer, shake well, and after 1 minute of color development, compare with the color card. The degree of soil acid damage can be diagnosed based on the color of the solution.

9. The use of the soil acid damage diagnosis kit as claimed in claim 7 in diagnosing the soil acid damage level, characterized in that: After determining the soil acid damage level, apply soil conditioners according to the soil acid damage level, specifically: When the soil acid damage level is "-", there is no need to apply soil conditioners; When the soil acid damage level is "+", apply 100kg / mu of soil conditioner; When the soil acid damage level is "++", apply 200kg / mu of soil conditioner; When the soil acid damage level is "+++", apply 300kg / mu of soil conditioner.

10. The use of the soil acid damage diagnosis kit as claimed in claim 9 in diagnosing the soil acid damage level, characterized in that: The soil conditioner is one of limestone powder, dolomite powder and calcium magnesium silicate powder.

Images