Display module, preparation method thereof and display device

Abstract

The invention provides a display module, a preparation method thereof and a display device. The display module comprises a display panel and an optical element, the display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels; the focal plane of the optical element is located at the position where the plurality of sub-pixels are located; the optical element comprises N lenses, and every M continuous lenses form a lens period group; the plurality of sub-pixels are divided into a plurality of display units, and each display unit comprises m * n sub-pixels, wherein m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 2; e represents the interpupillary distance, K1 represents the smooth motion parallax of three-dimensional moving watching, and K1 is smaller than or equal to 10 mm; tan (theta) = a / (m * K2), theta represents the inclination angle in the vertical direction of the lens, a is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and K2 represents the width-to-length ratio of the sub-pixels; n = D1 * (L + h) / (L * Px), D1 represents the aperture size of the lens in the horizontal direction, L represents the viewing distance, h represents the focal length of the lens, and Px represents the size of a single sub-pixel in the horizontal direction; one column of display units corresponds to one lens period group.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of display technology, and particularly relates to a display module and a preparation method thereof, and a display device. Background Art

[0002] Among the many technologies for achieving three-dimensional stereoscopic display, naked-eye stereoscopic display is highly favored in the field of three-dimensional stereoscopic display because it does not require viewers to wear glasses. At present, the main way to achieve naked-eye stereoscopic display technology is to set a grating in front of or behind the display panel to divide the pixel units of the display panel into odd-numbered columns of pixels and even-numbered columns of pixels in the horizontal direction, thereby providing two different images for the left and right eyes of the viewer, respectively, and using the parallax effect of the viewer's left and right eye images to form a depth of field, thereby producing a three-dimensional display effect. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and to provide a display module and a preparation method thereof, and a display device.

[0004] In a first aspect, the technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present disclosure is a display module, comprising a display panel and an optical element located on the light-emitting side of the display panel; the display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array; the focal plane of the optical element is located at the position where the plurality of sub-pixels are located;

[0005] The optical element comprises N lenses arranged side by side in a row direction, wherein every M consecutive lenses form a lens period group; M is a positive integer less than or equal to N; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1;

[0006] The plurality of sub-pixels are divided into a plurality of display units, each of the display units includes m×n sub-pixels; m represents the number of rows, n represents the number of columns, and both m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 2;

[0007] Wherein, E represents the pupil distance, K1 represents the motion parallax for smooth stereoscopic viewing, and K1≤10mm;

[0008] Tan(θ)=a / (m×K2), where θ represents the vertical tilt angle of the lens, a is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and K2 represents the aspect ratio of the sub-pixel;

[0009] n=D1×(L+h) / (L×Px), where D1 represents the aperture size of the lens in the horizontal direction, L represents the viewing distance, h represents the focal length of the lens, and Px represents the size of a single sub-pixel in the horizontal direction;

[0010] One column of the display units corresponds to one lens period group.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first intersection of the left boundary of the (1,1)th sub-pixel in the display unit and the left boundary of the corresponding lens period group is the upper left endpoint of the (1,1)th sub-pixel; the second intersection of the left boundary of the (m,1)th sub-pixel in the display unit and the left boundary of the corresponding lens period group is the lower left endpoint of the (m,1)th sub-pixel; the third intersection of the right boundary of the (1,n)th sub-pixel in the display unit and the right boundary of the corresponding lens period group is the upper right endpoint of the (1,n)th sub-pixel; the fourth intersection of the right boundary of the (m,n)th sub-pixel in the display unit and the right boundary of the corresponding lens period group is the lower right endpoint of the (m,n)th sub-pixel.

[0012] In some embodiments, a center line of the lens extending along its own long axis direction divides the lens into a first sub-area and a second sub-area arranged side by side along the horizontal direction;

[0013] The multiple sub-pixels located in the first sub-area are used to display the left eye image; the multiple sub-pixels located in the second sub-area are used to display the right eye image; for the sub-pixels located on the center line, when the light-emitting area of ​​the first sub-area is greater than or equal to the light-emitting area of ​​the second sub-area, they are used to display the left eye image, and when the light-emitting area of ​​the second sub-area is greater than the light-emitting area of ​​the second sub-area, they are used to display the right eye image.

[0014] In some embodiments, the display module further comprises a liquid crystal layer disposed between the display panel and the optical element;

[0015] The display panel comprises a display substrate, an alignment film arranged on the display substrate, and a plurality of support parts arranged on a side of the alignment film away from the display substrate; the support parts are used to support the lens;

[0016] The first surface of the lens close to the display substrate has a first trace extending along the long axis direction of the lens; the second surface of the alignment film away from the display substrate has a second trace extending along the long axis direction of the lens; the third surface in the supporting part has a third trace extending along the long axis direction of the lens; the third surface is the remaining surface of the supporting part except the surface in contact with the alignment film.

[0017] In some embodiments, the material of the lens includes polymer branches extending along the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer on the first surface; and / or, the material of the alignment film includes polymer branches extending along the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the second surface; and / or, the material of the support portion includes polymer branches extending along the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the third surface.

[0018] In some embodiments, the material of the lens includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material; and / or, the material of the alignment film includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material; and / or, the material of the support portion includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material;

[0019] The fused material is a material obtained by fusing the first material, the second material and the third material;

[0020] The first material is an aromatic diamine monomer with a spirobifluorene structure, a material formed by chemical reaction of 2-(3,5-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (35DABSBF), 2-(2,4-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (24DABSBF), 6FDA, CBDA and PDMA; the second material is a second generation hyperbranched polymer monomer; and the third material is polysilsesquioxane.

[0021] In some embodiments, the material of the lens includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material; and / or, the material of the alignment film includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material; and / or, the material of the support portion includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material;

[0022] The fused material is a material obtained by fusing the first material, the second material, the third material and the fourth material;

[0023] The first material is an aromatic diamine monomer with a spirobifluorene structure, a material formed by chemical reaction of 2-(3,5-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (35DABSBF), 2-(2,4-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (24DABSBF), 6FDA, CBDA and PDMA; the second material is a second generation hyperbranched polymer monomer; the third material is polysilsesquioxane; and the fourth material is an ultraviolet light initiator.

[0024] In some embodiments, the material of the alignment film is the same as that of the support portion.

[0025] In some embodiments, one lens covers 4 to 8 sub-pixels in the horizontal direction.

[0026] In some embodiments, the angle between the long axis direction of the lens and the vertical direction is between 7° and 40°.

[0027] In some embodiments, the pitch of the lens is between 100-550um, and the arch height of the lens is between 20-100um; the lenses are connected to form an integrated cylindrical grating structure through a connecting portion, and the thickness of the connecting portion is between 0-10um.

[0028] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method for preparing a display module, which is configured to prepare a display module as described in any one of the first aspects;

[0029] A display panel is provided; the display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array;

[0030] An optical element is manufactured on the display panel; the focal plane of the optical element is located at the position where the multiple sub-pixels are located; the optical element comprises N lenses arranged side by side along the row direction, wherein every M consecutive lenses form a lens period group; M is a positive integer less than or equal to N; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1;

[0031] The plurality of sub-pixels are divided into a plurality of display units, each of the display units includes m×n sub-pixels; m represents the number of rows, n represents the number of columns, and both m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 2; Wherein, E represents the pupil distance, K1 represents the motion parallax for smooth stereoscopic viewing, and K1≤10mm; Tan(θ)=a / (m×K2), where θ represents the vertical tilt angle of the lens, a is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and K2 represents the aspect ratio of the sub-pixel; n=D1×(L+h) / (L×Px), where D1 represents the aperture size of the lens in the horizontal direction, L represents the viewing distance, h represents the focal length of the lens, and Px represents the size of a single sub-pixel in the horizontal direction;

[0032] One column of the display units corresponds to one lens period group.

[0033] In some embodiments, the steps of making the optical element include:

[0034] Providing a first substrate;

[0035] coating the lens material on the first substrate;

[0036] Using a soft template to print the material of the lens, and using a UV exposure process to cure it to form the optical element;

[0037] Alignment is performed on a first surface of the optical element facing away from the first substrate to form an optical element having a first track.

[0038] In some embodiments, the steps of making the alignment film include:

[0039] Coating the material of the alignment film on the side of the display substrate close to the liquid crystal layer, and curing it by UV exposure process to form an alignment material layer;

[0040] A second surface of the alignment material layer facing away from the display substrate is aligned to form a second trace.

[0041] In some embodiments, the material of the alignment film is the same as the material of the support portion;

[0042] The steps of manufacturing the alignment film and the support portion include:

[0043] Coating an alignment material on a side of the display substrate close to the liquid crystal layer, and curing it using a UV exposure process to form a target material layer;

[0044] Using a mask process, forming the alignment film and the support layer on a side of the target material layer away from the display substrate;

[0045] The second surface of the alignment film and the third surface of the support portion are aligned to obtain a second trace and a third trace.

[0046] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display device, which includes a display module as described in any one of the first aspects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 This is the optical principle diagram of the naked-eye 3D product.

[0048] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of a display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] Figure 2b A schematic diagram of the correlation between the optical element provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure and the sub-pixels in the display panel.

[0050] Figure 2c A multi-view optical principle diagram provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] Figure 2d This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the 28-viewpoint solution provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0052] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the effect of valley bottom accumulation formed by attaching an alignment film to a lens in the related art.

[0053] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] Figure 5a A schematic diagram of a first trace on a lens provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0055] Figure 5b A schematic diagram of a second trace on an alignment film provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0056] Figure 5c A schematic diagram of a third trace on a support portion provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0057] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of dispersing supporting particles in a liquid crystal box in the related art.

[0058] Figure 7 A plan view of a support portion provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0059] Figure 8a and Figure 8b Schematic diagrams of the relative relationships between two different polymer side chains and liquid crystal molecules provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0060] Figure 9a It is a schematic diagram of the 2D display principle of the display module when it is not powered on.

[0061] Figure 9b The 3D display principle diagram of the display module when it is powered on.

[0062] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the relevant dimensions of the lens provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0063] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the specific structure of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0064] Figure 12a to Figure 12e This is a structural diagram of the process flow of preparing a lens on a first substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0065] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a mask plate for preparing a layer where optical elements are located provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0066] Figure 14a to Figure 14c This is a structural diagram of the process flow for preparing a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0067] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of a grayscale mask plate for preparing a support portion provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0068] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of a second electrode layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure being formed on a second polarizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present disclosure generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present disclosure. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0070] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present disclosure should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, similar words such as "one", "one" or "the" do not indicate quantity restrictions, but indicate that there is at least one. Similar words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Similar words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0071] The "multiple or several" mentioned in this disclosure refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0072] In the related art, the main way to realize naked-eye stereoscopic display technology is to set a grating in front of or behind the display panel. The grating mainly includes two types: blocking type and spectroscopic type. Among them, the blocking type includes black and white parallax barrier grating and liquid crystal slit grating, and the spectroscopic type includes cylindrical physical lens and switchable liquid crystal lens. Furthermore, the switchable liquid crystal lens is divided into three types, including: switchable resin-type cylindrical liquid crystal lens, switchable polarized liquid crystal lens and switchable electrode liquid crystal lens.

[0073] Figure 1 This is the optical principle diagram of naked-eye 3D products, such as Figure 1 As shown, the horizontal width of a cylindrical lens 21 corresponds to a plurality of sub-pixels 01. The light emitted by the sub-pixel 01 enters the left eye and the right eye of the person through the refraction of the lens 02, forming a left eye image 031 and a right eye image 032, and then the three-dimensional effect is felt through the integration of the brain. The switchable resin cylindrical liquid crystal lens technology has gradually become the mainstream naked eye 3D display solution because of its good three-dimensional (3D) display effect and the ability to quickly switch between two-dimensional (2D) and 3D.

[0074] Based on the binocular parallax principle of the human eye, the left and right eyes receive two images (two different viewpoints) with a certain degree of parallax, and the brain fuses them to realize a 3D picture. However, in terms of the number of viewpoints distributed in space, the ordinary multi-viewpoint arrangement is relatively scattered, which is not conducive to the continuity of 3D viewing and affects the 3D viewing effect.

[0075] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of a display module provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 2b A schematic diagram of the correlation between the optical element and the sub-pixel in the display panel provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 2c A multi-view optical principle diagram provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 2d This is a diagram showing the arrangement of the 28-viewpoint solution provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0076] like Figure 2a to Figure 2c As shown, the display module includes a display panel 1 and an optical element 2 located on the light-emitting side of the display panel 1; the display panel 1 includes a plurality of sub-pixels 100 arranged in an array; the focal plane of the optical element 2 is located at the position where the plurality of sub-pixels 100 are located; the optical element 2 includes N lenses 21 arranged side by side along the row direction, wherein each M consecutive lenses 21 form a lens period group 200; M is a positive integer less than or equal to N; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The plurality of sub-pixels 100 are divided into a plurality of display units 300, each display unit 300 includes m×n sub-pixels 100; m represents the number of rows, n represents the number of columns, and both m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 2.

[0077] like Figure 2c As shown, by using the principle of geometric optics and the triangle similarity relationship, the number of viewpoints in the horizontal direction X can be determined as n=D1×(L+h) / (L×Px), where D1 represents the aperture size of the lens 21 in the horizontal direction X, L represents the viewing distance, h represents the focal length of the lens 21, and Px represents the size of a single sub-pixel 100 in the horizontal direction X. Figure 2cD2 shown represents the width of all sub-pixels 100 covered by a single lens 21, D2 = n × Px; using the principle of geometric optics and triangle similarity relationship, it can be known that L / (L+h) = D1 / D2, and then the number of viewpoints n in the horizontal direction X is determined.

[0078] Optionally, in order to ensure that the 2D display effect is not affected, the resolution of the lens 21 is at least as high as the retinal angular resolution, so that the size of the lens 21 cannot be distinguished at the viewing distance L, for example, satisfying: D1≤L×tan(π / 180×1 / 60×1 / 2). In addition, in order to ensure sufficient visible space, the minimum visible space Q needs to satisfy: D1≥h×Q / L.

[0079] Based on the motion parallax that ensures smooth 3D mobile viewing, when the motion parallax K1 is ≤ 10mm, Wherein, E represents the pupil distance, K1 represents the motion parallax for smooth stereoscopic viewing, and m represents the number of rows of sub-pixels 100 in a single display unit 300, and also represents the number of viewpoints in the vertical direction Y.

[0080] Since it is necessary to arrange the viewpoints in the vertical direction Y to achieve 3D resolution balance and to weaken the moiré patterns generated by the 3D display device, the lens 21 grating needs to be tilted, where the tilt angle θ of the lens 21 in the vertical direction Y satisfies: Tan(θ)=a / (m×K2), where a is an integer ≥1, and K2 represents the aspect ratio of the sub-pixel 100.

[0081] One column of display units 300 corresponds to one lens period group 200. For example, Figure 2d As shown, taking the 65-inch 8k screen produced by B9 as an example, the aspect ratio K2 of the sub-pixel 100 is 3:1; the aspect ratio of the sub-pixel 100 affects the image arrangement design of the overall scheme. The vertical Y tilt angle θ of the lens 21 of the present disclosure adopts 9.46°, that is, arctan (1 / 6). According to the formula Tan (θ) = a / (m×K2), where a is an integer ≥ 1, when the vertical Y tilt angle θ of the lens 21 is 9.46°, a = 1, m = 2, that is, the number of viewpoints m in the vertical direction Y is 2; a = 2, m = 4, that is, the number of viewpoints m in the vertical direction Y is 4, and so on. The inclination angle of the lens 21 in the horizontal direction X is 80.54°, that is, arctan (1 / 6); a 28-viewpoint arrangement design scheme is adopted, the number of viewpoints in the horizontal direction X is 14 viewpoints, and the number of viewpoints in the vertical direction Y is 2 viewpoints; that is, one display unit 300 corresponds to three lenses 21, and the three lenses 21 form a lens period group 200, that is, one display unit 300 corresponds to a lens period group 200, and each lens period group 200 covers 14 sub-pixels 100 horizontally and 2 rows of sub-pixels 100 vertically.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, both m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 2, that is, the number of viewpoints distributed in space is denser than that of ordinary multi-viewpoints, the viewing continuity is better, and the 3D effect is better. At the same time, the lens 21 structure of the present disclosure itself has a designed focal length, so that the focal plane of the optical element 2 is located at the position where multiple sub-pixels 100 are located (for example, the position where the light-emitting layer of the 2D device is located), and a good 3D display effect can be obtained, that is, low ghosting, small crosstalk, and high clarity, which satisfies the best effect of left and right light splitting of the lens 21. In addition, the inclination angle θ of the vertical direction Y of the lens 21 satisfies: Tan(θ)=a / (m×K2), which can achieve 3D resolution balance and weaken the moiré pattern generated by the 3D display device.

[0083] In some embodiments, Figure 2d As shown, the first intersection of the left boundary of the (1,1)th sub-pixel 100 in the display unit 300 and the left boundary of the corresponding lens period group 200 is the upper left endpoint of the (1,1)th sub-pixel 100; the second intersection of the left boundary of the (m,1)th sub-pixel 100 in the display unit 300 and the left boundary of the corresponding lens period group 200 is the lower left endpoint of the (m,1)th sub-pixel 100; the third intersection of the right boundary of the (1,n)th sub-pixel 100 in the display unit 300 and the right boundary of the corresponding lens period group 200 is the upper right endpoint of the (1,n)th sub-pixel 100; the fourth intersection of the right boundary of the (m,n)th sub-pixel 100 in the display unit 300 and the right boundary of the corresponding lens period group 200 is the lower right endpoint of the (m,n)th sub-pixel 100.

[0084] Exemplarily, m=2, n=14. At this time, the first intersection A of the left boundary of the (1,1)th sub-pixel 100 in the display unit 300 and the left boundary of the lens period group 200 corresponding to the pre-branch is the upper left endpoint of the (1,1)th sub-pixel 100. The second intersection B of the left boundary of the (2,1)th sub-pixel 100 in the display unit 300 and the left boundary of the lens period group 200 corresponding to the pre-branch is the lower left endpoint of the (2,1)th sub-pixel 100. The third node C of the right boundary of the (1,14)th sub-pixel 100 in the display unit 300 and the right boundary of the lens period group 200 corresponding thereto is the upper right endpoint of the (1,14)th sub-pixel 100; the fourth node D of the right boundary of the (2,14)th sub-pixel 100 in the display unit 300 and the right boundary of the lens period group 200 corresponding thereto is the lower right endpoint of the (2,14)th sub-pixel 100.

[0085] In some embodiments, Figure 2dAs shown, the center line extending along the long axis direction K of the lens 21 divides the lens 21 into a first sub-area and a second sub-area arranged side by side along the horizontal direction X; the multiple sub-pixels 100 located in the first sub-area are used to display the left eye image; the multiple sub-pixels 100 located in the second sub-area are used to display the right eye image; for the sub-pixels 100 located on the center line, when the light-emitting area of ​​the first sub-area is greater than or equal to the light-emitting area of ​​the second sub-area, it is used to display the left eye image, and when the light-emitting area of ​​the second sub-area is greater than the light-emitting area of ​​the second sub-area, it is used to display the right eye image.

[0086] Optionally, the number of sub-pixels 100 corresponding to the horizontal direction X of the lens 21 is between 4 and 8 (including the endpoint value). Optionally, the number of sub-pixels 100 corresponding to the horizontal direction X of the lens 21 is between 4.5 and 5.5 (including the endpoint value). Figure 2d As shown, a single lens 21 covers four and two-thirds of the width of the sub-pixel 100 in the horizontal direction X.

[0087] As another example, the inclination angle of the lens 21 in the vertical direction Y is 7.847 degrees; and the number of sub-pixels 100 corresponding to the lens 21 in the horizontal direction X is 4.8.

[0088] In addition, it should be noted that Figure 3 As shown, in the related art, a first alignment film PI-1 is set on the first surface S1 of the lens 02. The material of the first alignment film PI-1 is usually a liquid material composed of polyimide. The liquid material can be coated on the substrate by printing or inkjet printing process, and then the first alignment film PI is formed by thermal curing (including two curing treatments, i.e., pre-curing and curing). The main function of the alignment film PI is to use the force between the friction cloth and the first alignment film PI-1 to change the surface configuration of the polyimide (PI) molecules, thereby guiding the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. However, for the cylindrical grating, the surface of the lens 02 is uneven. When the liquid material is applied, material accumulation will be formed at the junction of adjacent lenses 02 (i.e., the bottom of the valley). Due to the poor bottom accumulation, the bottom of the valley will no longer be sharp, so that liquid crystal molecules can no longer be filled here, so that the position cannot switch between 2D and 3D display, and 3D crosstalk will be generated, thereby affecting the effect of 3D display.

[0089] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the display module further includes a liquid crystal layer 3 disposed between the display panel 1 and the optical element 2; the display panel 1 includes a display substrate 11, an alignment film 12 disposed on the display substrate 11, and a plurality of support portions 13 disposed on a side of the alignment film 12 away from the display substrate 11; the support portion 13 is used to support the lens 21; the first surface S1 of the lens 21 close to the display substrate 11 has a first trace V1 extending along the long axis direction K of the lens 21 (as shown in FIG. Figure 5a The second surface S2 of the alignment film 12 facing away from the display substrate 11 has a second trace V2 extending along the long axis direction K of the lens 21 (as shown); Figure 5b The third surface S3 of the support portion 13 has a third trace V3 extending along the long axis direction K of the lens 21 (as shown); Figure 5c The third surface S3 is the surface of the support portion 13 except the surface in contact with the alignment film 12.

[0090] Here, the first trace V1, the second trace V2 and the third trace V3 can all be aligned by friction alignment or optical alignment technology. Wherein, friction alignment refers to the use of the first surface S1 of the friction cloth lens 21, the second surface S2 of the alignment film 12, and the third surface S3 of the support part 13 to change the molecular configuration of the material on the first surface S1, thereby guiding the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules. The first trace V1, the second trace V2 and the third trace V3 are all in direct contact with the liquid crystal layer 3, so the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 33 can be controlled, so that the liquid crystal molecules can be arranged in a predetermined direction when the power is on or off, thereby realizing 2D or 3D display.

[0091] like Figure 5a to Figure 5c As shown, the first trace V1, the second trace V2 and the third trace V3 are all fine grooves extending along the long axis direction K of the lens 21. In order to intuitively illustrate the alignment traces, this embodiment magnifies the alignment traces on the first surface S1, the second surface S2 and the third surface S3, but this does not constitute a limitation on the actual structure of the present disclosure.

[0092] like Figure 5a As shown, a tip concave portion V′ is formed between any two adjacent lenses 21 , and the liquid crystal layer 3 is filled in the tip concave portion V′, so that poor accumulation of materials at the bottom of the valley between the lenses 21 can be eliminated.

[0093] The present embodiment adopts a double-sided alignment technical solution, and compared with the related art, a complete alignment film 12 is not coated between the liquid crystal layer 3 and the lens 21, but a first trace V1 is rubbed on the first surface S1 of the lens 21. Compared with the method of coating a complete alignment film 12 on the surface of the lens 21 and then solidifying in the related art, the present embodiment can eliminate the poor accumulation of valley bottom materials between the lenses 21, thereby eliminating 3D crosstalk and improving the 3D display effect.

[0094] In addition, if Figure 6As shown, in the related art, support particles 03 with the same particle size are dispersed in the liquid crystal box, mainly used to support the upper and lower substrates. However, the support particles 03 are dispersed on the second alignment film PI-2 after the second alignment film PI-2 is made. This random dispersion method will cause the position of the support particles 03 to be unfixed, and because the lens 02 is uneven, some support particles 03 will not play a supporting role. In addition, the support particles 03 are mostly selected from plastic balls, which have no alignment function, and the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a disorderly manner around them, which will further increase the crosstalk. However, in the present embodiment, the support portion 13 includes a third trace V3 with an alignment function, which improves the arrangement regularity of the liquid crystal molecules around the support portion 13 and reduces the crosstalk compared to the related art.

[0095] like Figure 4 As shown, the support parts 13 are connected to each other to form an integrated support layer, rather than scattered support particles 03 (such as Figure 6 shown).

[0096] Optionally, the thickness of the support parts 13 is the same. The support parts 13 are arranged opposite to the center line of the arc surface of the lens 21, and each support part 13 is in direct contact with the lens 21. That is, Figure 7 A plan view of the support portion provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure, such as Figure 7 As shown, the orthographic projection of the support portion 13 on the display substrate 11 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the arc center line O1 of the lens 21 on the display substrate 11. Exemplarily, the orthographic projection of the arc center line O1 of one lens 21 on the display substrate 11 passes through the center of the orthographic projection of at least one support portion 13 on the display substrate 11.

[0097] Optionally, the shape of the support portion 13 can be any one of a cuboid, a cube, a cylinder, a cone, and a trapezoidal cylinder. Exemplarily, the shape of the support portion 13 is a trapezoidal cylinder. The upper surface of the trapezoidal cylinder is in direct contact with the lens 21, and the lower surface of the trapezoidal cylinder is in direct contact with the alignment film 12, which plays a role of stable support.

[0098] In some embodiments, Figure 8a and Figure 8b As shown, the material of the lens 21 includes polymer branch chains bp extending along the long axis direction K of the liquid crystal molecules LC of the liquid crystal layer 3 on the first surface S1; and / or, the material of the alignment film 12 includes polymer branch chains bp extending along the long axis direction K of the liquid crystal molecules LC on the second surface S2; and / or, the material of the support portion 13 includes polymer branch chains bp extending along the long axis direction K of the liquid crystal molecules LC on the third surface S3.

[0099] Here, in the long axis direction K of the liquid crystal molecules LC, the polymer branch chains bp are parallel to the liquid crystal molecules LC.

[0100] Exemplarily, after the lens 21 material is cured, a plush model is selected to perform friction alignment along the long axis direction K of the lens 21, so that the polymer side chains bp on its surface are arranged in an orderly manner along a specific direction during the friction process. Since the liquid crystal molecules LC are distributed between the dense polymer side chains bp, the intermolecular force (also called van der Waals force) is used to limit the liquid crystal molecules LC to be arranged in a specific direction of the polymer side chains bp in the initial state, so as to ensure that the liquid crystal molecules LC can be uniformly deflected on the basis of the same specific direction when an electric field is applied subsequently, thereby realizing the switching from 2D to 3D with high efficiency and accuracy.

[0101] For example, Figure 2a As shown, the optical element 2 is a lenticular grating, which can be a switchable resin lenticular liquid crystal lens 21, and specifically includes a plurality of lenticular lenses 21 arranged side by side along the horizontal direction X. The formation of the optical element 2 specifically includes: spraying, printing, spin coating and other processes can be used for uniform coating, and a stamping process can be used for patterning, so as to solidify and form the optical element 2.

[0102] For example, the refractive index n of the lens 21 and the refractive index n of the liquid crystal layer 3 are e equal.

[0103] For example, Figure 4 As shown, the display module also includes a first base substrate 4, a first electrode layer 51 arranged on the first base substrate 4, and the optical element 2 is arranged on the side of the first electrode layer 51 away from the first base substrate 4. The display panel 1 also includes a second electrode layer 52 arranged between the display substrate 11 and the alignment film 12. Among them, the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52 are mainly used for in-plane power supply to form an electric field so that the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 3 can be deflected, and further with the help of the first trace V1 on the first surface S1 of the lens 21, the second trace V2 on the second surface S2 of the alignment film 12, and the third trace V3 on the third surface S3 of the support part 13, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a predetermined direction. The principles of 2D and 3D display are as follows: Figure 9a As shown, the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52 are in an off-state, the first trace V1, the second trace V2 and the third trace V3 respectively control the liquid crystal molecules to be in a horizontal state, the direction of the incident polarized light is parallel to the long axis direction K of the liquid crystal molecules, and the corresponding refractive index n e , at this time, the light does not deflect, and it is a 2D display state; Figure 9b As shown, when the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52 are powered on, the first trace V1, the second trace V2 and the third trace V3 respectively control the liquid crystal molecules to be in an upright state, corresponding to the refractive index n o , and n o <n e At this time, the light converges and it is in 3D display state.

[0104] In some embodiments, the materials of the lens 21 , the alignment film 12 , and the support portion 13 may be the same or different.

[0105] Optionally, the material of the lens 21 includes a combination of either polyacrylic resin or epoxy resin and a fusion material; and / or, the material of the alignment film 12 includes a combination of either polyacrylic resin or epoxy resin and a fusion material; and / or, the material of the support portion 13 includes a combination of either polyacrylic resin or epoxy resin and a fusion material.

[0106] The fusion material is a material formed by the fusion of the first material, the second material and the third material; the first material is an aromatic diamine monomer with a spirobifluorene structure, a material formed by chemical reaction of 2-(3,5-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (35DABSBF), 2-(2,4-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (24DABSBF), 6FDA, CBDA and PDMA; the second material is a second-generation hyperbranched polymer monomer; the third material is polysilsesquioxane. Optionally, the doping concentration of the second-generation hyperbranched polymer monomer is 5% to 20%. For example, the doping concentration of the second-generation hyperbranched polymer monomer is 5%, 10% or 20%. Among them, the doping concentration of the second-generation hyperbranched polymer monomer refers to the ratio of the weight of the second material to the total weight of the first material and the third material. Optionally, the doping concentration of polysilsesquioxane is 1% to 3%. For example, the doping concentration of polysilsesquioxane is 1%, 2% or 3%. The doping concentration of polysilsesquioxane refers to the ratio of the weight of the third material to the total weight of the first material and the second material.

[0107] The material of the lens 21 in this embodiment includes a fusion material, which is different from the polyacrylic resin or epoxy resin used in ordinary cylindrical gratings. The material of the lens 21 disclosed in the present invention includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin with a fusion material, and its side chain has a spirobifluorene structure. Since the twisted spirobifluorene structure prevents the strong intramolecular and intermolecular interactions of the polymer chain, the lens 21 has good solubility. The large non-coplanar side groups of spirobifluorene make the lens 21 of this embodiment have excellent transmittance in the visible light range, and the transmittance at 550nm is greater than 97%, which is convenient for room temperature curing (UV curing), and also reduces the thermal expansion coefficient of the lens 21.

[0108] Optionally, the fusion material is a material obtained by fusing the first material, the second material, the third material and the fourth material; the first material, the second material and the third material can refer to the description of the above optional examples, and the repeated parts will not be repeated. Among them, the fourth material is an ultraviolet light initiator (also known as a UV light initiator). By adding a UV light initiator here, UV curing can be achieved. The UV light initiator can be hydroxycyclohexane phenone and α-hydroxyisobutyryl phenone, etc., and a UV curing glue can be used to initiate monomer polymerization, cross-linking and curing under ultraviolet light (250-420nm). Different from conventional PI materials that require heating pre-curing at 100°C to 150°C and the curing process at 200°C to 230°C, the UV curing process used in the embodiment of the present disclosure is a non-heating type of curing, which is a room temperature curing process, which can solve the influence of high temperature curing on the morphology of the lens 21, the alignment film 12 and the support portion 13, and improve the 3D display effect.

[0109] The material of the lens 21 needs to have good transmittance. Optionally, the transmittance of the material of the lens 21 in the visible light range is greater than or equal to 90%. Optionally, the refractive index of the material of the lens 21 is between 1.6 and 1.8.

[0110] Optionally, the viscosity of the material of the lens 21 is between 200 cps and 1000 cps. Optionally, the viscosity of the material of the lens 21 is between 200 cps and 500 cps.

[0111] Optionally, the shrinkage rate of the material of the lens 21 after curing is between 40% and 95%, preferably between 70-95%.

[0112] The material of the support part 13 needs to have good transmittance. Optionally, the transmittance of the material of the support part 13 in the visible light range is greater than or equal to 90%. Optionally, the refractive index of the material of the support part 13 is between 1.6 and 1.8.

[0113] Optionally, the viscosity of the material of the support portion 13 is between 200 cps and 1000 cps. Optionally, the viscosity of the material of the support portion 13 is between 200 cps and 500 cps.

[0114] Optionally, the shrinkage rate of the material of the support portion 13 after curing is between 40% and 95%. Optionally, the shrinkage rate of the material of the support portion 13 after curing is between 70-95%.

[0115] Optionally, the material of the lens 21 is the same as that of the alignment film 12. Optionally, the material of the lens 21 is the same as that of the support portion 13. Optionally, the material of the lens 21, the material of the alignment film 12 and the material of the support portion 13 are all the same.

[0116] Optionally, the material of the alignment film 12 is the same as that of the support portion 13. In this way, the support portion 13 and the alignment film 12 can be integrally formed to improve the manufacturing efficiency.

[0117] In some embodiments, the angle θ between the long axis direction K of the lens 21 and the vertical direction Y is between 7° and 40°. Optionally, the angle θ between the long axis direction K of the lens 21 and the vertical direction Y is between 8° and 18°. Exemplarily, the angle θ between the long axis direction K of the lens 21 and the vertical direction Y is 9.46°.

[0118] In some embodiments, Fig.10 As shown, the pitch P1 of the lens 21 is between 100-550 um. Optionally, the pitch P1 of the lens 21 is between 110-330 um.

[0119] In some embodiments, Fig.10 As shown, the arch height H1 of the lens 21 is between 20-100 um. Optionally, the arch height H1 of the lens 21 is between 30-60 um.

[0120] In some embodiments, Fig.10 As shown, the lenses 21 are connected to form an integrated cylindrical grating structure through a connecting portion 22, and the thickness of the connecting portion 22 is between 0-10um. Optionally, the thickness of the connecting portion 22 is between 4-6um. For example, the thickness of the connecting portion 22 is 4um, 5um or 6um.

[0121] In some embodiments, Fig.10 As shown, the lens 21 is a spherical lens 21. The curvature radius R of the lens 21 is between 50-400 um. Optionally, the curvature radius R of the lens 21 is between 100-240 um.

[0122] In some embodiments, Fig.10 As shown, the lens 21 is an aspherical lens 21 structure without a fixed radius of curvature, which is expressed by the arch vertex coordinates (x, y). The (x, y) point is located in the range where the connection portion 22 is away from the surface of the display substrate 11 and the arch vertex of the lens 21 changes gradually.

[0123] In some embodiments, the thickness of the alignment film 12 is between 30 nm and 1000 nm. Alternatively, the thickness of the alignment film 12 is between 50 nm and 500 nm. Alternatively, the thickness of the alignment film 12 is between 70 nm and 200 nm.

[0124] In some embodiments, the height of the support portion 13 is between 3um and 20um. Optionally, the height of the support portion 13 is between 5um and 10um. Optionally, taking the support portion 13 as a cube or a cuboid as an example, the width of the support portion 13 is between 3um and 20um, the length is between 3um and 20um, and the width dimension is smaller than the length dimension. Optionally, taking the support portion 13 as a trapezoidal cylinder as an example, the diameter of the upper surface of the support portion 13 is between 3um and 20um; the diameter of the lower surface of the support portion 13 is between 3um and 20um, and the diameter of the upper surface is smaller than the diameter of the lower surface.

[0125] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the upper and lower surfaces of the liquid crystal layer 3 are in contact with the first surface S1 of the lens 21 and the second surface S2 of the alignment film 12 respectively, the refractive index ne of the liquid crystal molecules is equal to the refractive index n of the lens 21, the deviation between the two is less than 0.005, the phase transition temperature is between 60° and 100°, △n=ne-no, △n is between 0.1 and 0.35, and the viscosity of the liquid crystal molecules is between 10 and 100 mPa·s.

[0126] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the display module also includes an edge sealant 6, which is arranged between the first electrode layer 51 and the alignment film 12, and is used to fix the optical element 2 and the display panel 1, and to seal and protect the liquid crystal layer 3 to prevent external impurities from entering the screen and affecting the display effect.

[0127] The display module has a display area and a non-display area of ​​the display area. The edge sealant 6 is located in the non-display area, and the lens 21 and the liquid crystal layer 3 are located in the display area. The orthographic projections of the edge sealant 6 and the lens 21 on the display substrate 11 do not overlap. The edge sealant 6 contacts the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52 on both sides of the edge sealant 6 in the thickness direction.

[0128] Optionally, the material of the edge sealing glue 6 can be selected from an acrylic ultraviolet curing glue (ie, UV curing glue), which can be well bonded between the first electrode layer 51 and the alignment film 12 to form a sealed space to prevent liquid crystal molecules from overflowing and water vapor from entering.

[0129] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, conductive particles 7 are further arranged inside the edge sealing glue 6 , and the conductive particles 7 are electrically connected to the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52 .

[0130] Optionally, the conductive particles 7 are structures electrically connecting the first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 52, and the material thereof can be selected from gold, silver, etc. Optionally, the conductive particles 7 have a diameter between 20um and 200um, are mixed with the edge sealing glue 6, and the weight ratio of the conductive particles 7 to the edge sealing glue 6 is between 1 / 1000 and 5%.

[0131] In some embodiments, the display substrate 11 further includes a second base substrate 81 (see Fig.11 ). The material of the first substrate 4 and / or the second substrate 81 can be a rigid transparent material such as glass. Alternatively, the material of the first substrate 4 and / or the second substrate 81 can also be but not limited to polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a flexible plastic colorless polyimide (CPI), thermoplastic urethane (TUP) or ultra-thin glass (UTG). Alternatively, the first substrate 4 and / or the second substrate 81 can also be made of a rigid transparent material such as glass, which can effectively support other film layers thereon. In practical applications, suitable materials can be selected according to actual needs. Exemplarily, the first substrate 4 and / or the second substrate 81 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. The multi-layer substrate can add an inorganic thin film between the layers to serve as a buffer layer. The material of the buffer layer can be amorphous silicon (a-Si), silicon nitride (SiNx), silicon oxide (SiOx) or a combination of one or more layers.

[0132] Exemplarily, the material of the first substrate 4 and / or the second substrate 81 can be borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass or the like, with a good transmittance of more than 90% and a thickness between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.

[0133] In some embodiments, the material of the first electrode layer 51 can be selected from a transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide (ITO). The material of the second electrode layer 52 can be selected from metals, metal compounds, and combinations of metals and metal compounds. Exemplarily, the material of the second electrode layer 52 can be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), lithium oxide (Li2O), calcium oxide (CaO), fluoride (LiF), magnesium fluoride (MgF2), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), Ca-LiF alloy, Al-LiF alloy, molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), indium (In), tin (Sn) and zinc (Zn). At least one of the above.

[0134] Wherein, the first electrode layer 51 and / or the second electrode layer 52 may be a single layer or multiple layers. Optionally, the thickness of the first electrode layer 51 and / or the second electrode layer 52 is between 10um and 1000um. Optionally, the thickness of the first electrode layer 51 and / or the second electrode layer 52 is between 10um and 200um. Optionally, the thickness of the first electrode layer 51 and / or the second electrode layer 52 is between 30um and 100um.

[0135] In some embodiments, Fig.11 As shown, the display substrate 11 includes a second base substrate 81, a first polarizer 82, a driving layer 83, a light-emitting device layer 84, a color filter layer 85, and a second polarizer 86 arranged in sequence in a direction away from the second base substrate 81. The driving layer 83 includes a pixel driving circuit for driving the light-emitting device. The light-emitting device layer 84 includes a red light-emitting device, a green light-emitting device, and a blue light-emitting device.

[0136] In addition, the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method for preparing a display module, which is configured to be used for preparing a display module as described in the above embodiments and combinations thereof. The method for preparing the display module includes steps S11 to S12.

[0137] S11. Provide a display panel.

[0138] The display panel 1 includes a plurality of sub-pixels 100 arranged in an array.

[0139] S12, manufacturing optical elements on the display panel.

[0140] The focal plane of the optical element is located at the position where the multiple sub-pixels are located; the optical element includes N lenses arranged side by side along the row direction, wherein every M consecutive lenses form a lens period group; M is a positive integer less than or equal to N; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1;

[0141] The plurality of sub-pixels are divided into a plurality of display units, each display unit includes m×n sub-pixels; m represents the number of rows, n represents the number of columns, and both m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 2; Wherein, E represents the pupil distance, K1 represents the smooth motion parallax of stereoscopic mobile viewing, and K1≤10mm; Tan(θ)=a / (m×K2), where θ represents the vertical inclination angle of the lens, a is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and K2 represents the aspect ratio of the sub-pixel; n=D1×(L+h) / (L×Px), where D1 represents the aperture size of the lens in the horizontal direction, L represents the viewing distance, h represents the focal length of the lens, and Px represents the size of a single sub-pixel in the horizontal direction; a column of display units corresponds to a lens period group.

[0142] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, both m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 2, that is, the number of viewpoints distributed in space is denser than that of ordinary multi-viewpoints, so that viewing continuity is better and the 3D effect is better. At the same time, the lens 21 structure of the present disclosure itself has a designed focal length, so that the focal plane of the optical element 2 is located at the position where multiple sub-pixels 100 are located (for example, the position where the light-emitting layer of a 2D device is located), and a good 3D display effect can be obtained, that is, low ghosting, small crosstalk, and high clarity, which satisfies the best effect of left and right light splitting of the lens 21. In addition, the inclination angle θ of the vertical direction Y of the lens 21 satisfies: Tan(θ)=a / (m×K2), which can achieve 3D resolution balance and weaken the moiré pattern generated by the 3D display device.

[0143] In some embodiments, the step of manufacturing the optical element includes S21 to S24.

[0144] S21, providing a first substrate 4.

[0145] Here, the first substrate 4 may be a glass substrate. Meanwhile, the first substrate 4 may be a first substrate 4 having a first electrode layer 51, such as Fig.12a As shown, the material of the first electrode layer 51 can be selected from ITO material. The ITO material is coated on the first substrate 4, patterned as required, and then cleaned with acid or alkali to ensure the surface is clean, so as to form the first electrode layer 51.

[0146] S22, coating the lens material on the first base substrate 4.

[0147] Specifically, Figure 12b As shown, the lens material 210 is coated on the side of the first electrode layer 51 away from the first substrate 4. Optionally, the coating method includes but is not limited to spin coating, scraper coating, printing and inkjet printing.

[0148] Optionally, the material of the lens may include a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material. The fusion material is a material obtained by fusion of the first material, the second material and the third material; or, the fusion material is a material obtained by fusion of the first material, the second material, the third material and the fourth material. The first material is an aromatic diamine monomer with a spirobifluorene structure, a material formed by chemical reaction of 2-(3,5-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (35DABSBF), 2-(2,4-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (24DABSBF), 6FDA, CBDA and PDMA; the second material is a second generation hyperbranched polymer monomer; the third material is polysilsesquioxane; and the fourth material is an ultraviolet light initiator.

[0149] Optionally, the doping concentration of the second generation hyperbranched polymer monomer is 5% to 20%. For example, the doping concentration of the second generation hyperbranched polymer monomer is 5%, 10% or 20%. Optionally, the doping concentration of polysilsesquioxane is 1% to 3%. For example, the doping concentration of polysilsesquioxane is 1%, 2% or 3%.

[0150] Here, the material 210 of the lens includes a fusion material, which is different from the polyacrylic resin or epoxy resin used in the ordinary lens 02. The material 210 of the lens includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin with a fusion material, and its side chain has a spirobifluorene structure. Because the twisted spirobifluorene structure prevents the strong intramolecular and intermolecular interactions of the polymer chain, the material 210 of the lens has good solubility. The large non-coplanar side groups of spirobifluorene make the material 210 of the lens have excellent transmittance in the visible light range, and the transmittance at 550nm is greater than 97%, which is convenient for achieving room temperature curing (UV curing), and also reduces the thermal expansion coefficient of the material 210 of the lens. It should be noted that the fusion material here can also be further added with a UV photoinitiator, and the UV photoinitiator can be hydroxycyclohexane phenone and α-hydroxyisobutyryl phenone, etc., so the subsequent exposure process can use UV curing glue under ultraviolet light (250nm~420nm) irradiation to initiate monomer polymerization, cross-linking and curing. Different from conventional PI materials that require heating pre-curing at 100°C to 150°C and a curing process at 200°C to 230°C, the material 210 of the lens of the embodiment of the present disclosure can adopt a UV curing process, which is a non-heating type curing and a room temperature curing process.

[0151] S23 , using a soft template to imprint the material of the lens 21 , and curing it using a UV exposure process to form the optical element 2 .

[0152] Specifically, Fig.12c As shown, first, the pre-prepared soft template 210M can be imprinted on the lens material 210; then, as shown in FIG. Fig.12d As shown, a digital exposure process (such as a UV curing process) can be used to expose a portion of the lens material 210 within a preset exposure area, so that the portion of the lens material 210 located in the effective exposure area is cured, thereby obtaining a plurality of lenses 21.

[0153] Here, the effective exposure area may be a display area of ​​a display panel. The preset exposure area includes one or more effective exposure areas. The preset exposure area includes one effective exposure area, which means that a display panel can be formed in the preset exposure area. The preset exposure area includes multiple effective exposure areas, which means that multiple display panels can be formed in the preset exposure area. The present disclosure is described by taking the example that the preset exposure area includes multiple effective exposure areas and multiple display panels are formed simultaneously. After curing is completed, Fig.12eAs shown, the soft template 210M is peeled off from the lens 21. Afterwards, the lens 21 is cleaned to obtain the optical element 2.

[0154] Exemplarily, a soft template 210M is prepared, and is imprinted on the lens material 210 by R2P (roll-to-plate) and fixed. The substrate of the soft template 210M can be a transparent plastic plate such as PET, PMMA, PC, etc. The thickness of the soft template 210M is between 150um and 500um. Optionally, the thickness of the soft template 210M is between 200um and 300um. Afterwards, UV light + mask is used for exposure, and the mask structure is as follows: Fig.13 As shown, the wavelength of UV light is between 300nm and 400nm, for example, 365nm, and the UV light is parallel light emission, and the parallel light is ≤1 degree. The mask has a light-shielding area 91 and a light-transmitting area 92. The lens material 210 within the light-shielding area 91 is not cured, and the lens material 210 within the light-transmitting area 92 is cured. Here, the lens material 210 within the light-shielding area 91 is subsequently cleaned, and the reserved position is used to accommodate the edge sealing glue 6 in the subsequent box assembly stage.

[0155] S24 , aligning the first surface S1 of the optical element 2 away from the first substrate 4 to form the optical element 2 having the first trace V1 .

[0156] This step can be done by rubbing alignment or optical alignment technology. Optionally, the first surface S1 of the optical element 2 facing away from the first substrate 4 is rubbingly aligned by rubbing alignment with alignment cloth to form a first trace V1. The rubbing direction of the alignment cloth is along the long axis direction K of the lens 21. The alignment cloth is a plush type with a corresponding cloth thickness of ≥2mm, so that the tip concave portion V' (i.e., the valley bottom position) between the lenses 21 can also be well rubbing aligned.

[0157] In this embodiment, a soft template 210M imprinting and UV curing process is used to form an integrated lens 21 and a first trace V1 by demolding at one time. There is no need to apply the alignment material PI later. Therefore, the valley bottom position between the lenses 21 will no longer form valley bottom accumulation defects, thereby eliminating 3D crosstalk and improving the 3D display effect.

[0158] In some embodiments, the step of manufacturing the alignment film 12 includes S31 to S34.

[0159] S31 , coating the material of the alignment film 12 on the side of the display substrate 11 close to the liquid crystal layer 3 , and curing it by UV exposure process to form an alignment material layer.

[0160] Here, the display panel 1 may be a display panel 1 having a second electrode 52, such as Fig.14aThe material of the second electrode layer 52 can be ITO material. The ITO material is coated on the display panel 1, patterned as required, and then cleaned with acid or alkali to ensure the surface is clean, so as to form the second electrode layer 52.

[0161] like Fig.14b As shown, the material of the alignment film is coated on the side of the second electrode layer 52 away from the display panel 1, and the alignment material layer is cured by an exposure process. Optionally, the coating method includes but is not limited to spin coating, scraping, printing and inkjet printing. Exemplarily, the alignment material is printed on a specific position of the display panel 1 using an APR plate, and the material thickness of the alignment film is between 50nm and 500nm, preferably between 70nm and 200nm.

[0162] Optionally, the material of the alignment film can be a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material. Wherein, the fusion material is a material obtained by fusion of the first material, the second material and the third material; or, the fusion material is a material obtained by fusion of the first material, the second material, the third material and the fourth material. The first material is an aromatic diamine monomer with a spirobifluorene structure, a material formed by chemical reaction of 2-(3,5-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (35DABSBF), 2-(2,4-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (24DABSBF), 6FDA, CBDA and PDMA; the second material is a second generation hyperbranched polymer monomer; the third material is polysilsesquioxane; and the fourth material is an ultraviolet light initiator. Optionally, the doping concentration of the second generation hyperbranched polymer monomer is 5% to 20%. For example, the doping concentration of the second generation hyperbranched polymer monomer is 5%, 10% or 20%. Optionally, the doping concentration of polysilsesquioxane is 1% to 3%, for example, the doping concentration of polysilsesquioxane is 1%, 2% or 3%.

[0163] Here, the material of the alignment film includes a fusion material, which is different from the PI material used in the ordinary alignment film. The material of the alignment film includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin with a fusion material, and its side chain carries a spirobifluorene structure. Because the twisted spirobifluorene structure prevents the strong intramolecular and intermolecular interactions of the polymer chain, the material of the alignment film has good solubility. The large non-coplanar side groups of spirobifluorene make the material of the alignment film have excellent transmittance in the visible light range, and the transmittance at 550nm is greater than 97%, which is convenient for room temperature curing (UV curing), and also reduces the thermal expansion coefficient of the lens material 210. It should be noted that the fusion material here can also be further added with a UV photoinitiator, and the UV photoinitiator can be hydroxycyclohexane phenone and α-hydroxyisobutyryl phenone, etc., so the subsequent exposure process can use UV curing glue under ultraviolet light (250nm~420nm) irradiation to initiate monomer polymerization, cross-linking and curing. Unlike conventional PI materials that require a heating pre-curing process of 100°C to 150°C and a curing process of 200°C to 230°C, the material of the alignment film of the disclosed embodiment can be cured by UV curing, which is a non-heating type of curing and a room temperature curing process. The influence of high temperature curing on the morphology of the alignment film 12 can be solved, and the 3D display effect can be improved. At the same time, the influence of high temperature curing on the sub-pixel 100 and the internal circuit structure in the display panel 1 can also be solved.

[0164] S32, continue as Fig.14b As shown, the second surface S2 of the alignment material layer facing away from the display substrate 11 is aligned to form a second trace V2 to obtain the alignment film 12 .

[0165] This step can be done by rubbing alignment or optical alignment technology. Optionally, a rubbing alignment method with an alignment cloth is used to align the second surface S2 of the alignment material layer away from the display panel 1 to form a second trace V2. The rubbing direction of the alignment cloth is along the long axis direction K of the lens 21, and the alignment cloth is a plush type, with a corresponding cloth thickness of ≥2mm.

[0166] In a possible implementation manner, the step of forming the support portion 13 includes: following S32, S33, as shown in FIG. Fig.14c As shown, a support layer is formed on the side of the alignment film 12 away from the second electrode layer 52; the support layer includes a plurality of support portions 13 connected as one; then, the third surface S3 of the support portion 13 is aligned to form a third trace V3.

[0167] In another possible implementation, the material of the alignment film 12 is the same as that of the support portion 13, that is, the material of the support portion 13 can be a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material. For the description of the fusion material, please refer to the above embodiment. The alignment film 12 and the support portion 13 are prepared at the same time, and the preparation process includes S41 to S43.

[0168] S41 , coating an alignment material on a side of the second electrode layer 52 away from the display substrate 11 , and curing the same using an exposure process to form a target material layer.

[0169] Here, the thickness of the alignment material (or the thickness of the target material layer) is the sum of the thickness of the alignment film 12 and the thickness of the support portion 13 .

[0170] S42, using a mask process, forming an alignment film 12 and a support layer on the side of the target material layer away from the display substrate 11. The support layer includes a plurality of support portions 13 connected as one body.

[0171] The mask plate here can be a grayscale mask plate 400, such as Fig.15 As shown, it includes a first light-transmitting area 401, a second light-transmitting area 402 and a light-shielding area 43. Among them, the first light-transmitting area 401 is completely light-transmitting. The transmittance of the second light-transmitting area 402 is less than that of the first light-transmitting area 401, and greater than that of the light-shielding area 403; the transmittance of the second light-transmitting area 402 changes in a gradient. The light-shielding area 403 is completely opaque. Part of the supporting material located in the first light-transmitting area 401 is completely exposed and cured, part of the supporting material located in the second light-transmitting area 402 is exposed and cured in a gradient, and part of the supporting material located in the light-shielding area 403 is not cured; thereafter, the uncured light-shielding area 403 material and the semi-cured second light-transmitting area 402 material can be removed by washing with a lotion to form a support portion 13 of a trapezoidal cylinder. Optionally, the trapezoidal bottom width of the support portion 13 is between 5um and 30um, and the top width is between 2um and 20um.

[0172] S43 , aligning the second surface S2 of the alignment film 12 and the third surface S3 of the support portion 13 , and obtaining a second trace V2 and a third trace V3 .

[0173] The alignment method in this step is the same as the alignment method in S32, and the repeated parts are not repeated here.

[0174] The embodiment of the present disclosure uses a room temperature UV curing process to cure the alignment film 12 and the support portion 13. The room temperature UV curing has limited impact on the display device, so there is no need to prepare an independent dielectric substrate. Fig.16As shown, the alignment film 12 can be directly formed on the light-emitting side of the second polarizer 86 of the display substrate 11. Therefore, the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts a room temperature UV curing process to form the alignment film 12 and the support portion 13, saving the process of high-precision alignment and bonding with the display substrate 11, optimizing the manufacturing process of the display panel 1 and reducing the process cost.

[0175] Finally, if Fig.11 As shown, the display substrate 11 formed with a plurality of support portions 13 is assembled with the first base substrate 4 formed with the optical element 2, and liquid crystal material is poured to form a liquid crystal layer 3, thereby obtaining a display module.

[0176] The present disclosure also provides a display device, which includes a display module described in any one of the above embodiments. The display device can be, for example, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a monitor, a laptop computer, a digital photo frame, a vehicle-mounted device, or any other product with a display function. Other essential components of the display device should be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, and will not be described in detail here, nor should they be used as a limitation to the present disclosure.

[0177] It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the present disclosure, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A display module, comprising a display panel and an optical element located at a light-emitting side of the display panel; the display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array; a focal plane of the optical element is located at a position where the plurality of sub-pixels are located; The optical element comprises N lenses arranged side by side in a row direction, wherein every M consecutive lenses form a lens period group; M is a positive integer less than or equal to N; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; The plurality of sub-pixels are divided into a plurality of display units, each of the display units includes m×n sub-pixels; m represents the number of rows, n represents the number of columns, and both m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 2; in, E represents the pupil distance, K1 represents the smooth motion parallax of stereoscopic viewing, and K1≤10mm; Tan(θ)=a / (m×K2), where θ represents the vertical tilt angle of the lens, a is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and K2 represents the aspect ratio of the sub-pixel; n=D1×(L+h) / (L×Px), where D1 represents the aperture size of the lens in the horizontal direction, L represents the viewing distance, h represents the focal length of the lens, and Px represents the size of a single sub-pixel in the horizontal direction; One column of the display units corresponds to one lens period group.

2. The display module according to claim 1, wherein: The first intersection point of the left boundary of the (1,1)th sub-pixel in the display unit and the left boundary of the corresponding lens period group is the upper left endpoint of the (1,1)th sub-pixel; the second intersection point of the left boundary of the (m,1)th sub-pixel in the display unit and the left boundary of the corresponding lens period group is the lower left endpoint of the (m,1)th sub-pixel; the third intersection point of the right boundary of the (1,n)th sub-pixel in the display unit and the right boundary of the corresponding lens period group is the upper right endpoint of the (1,n)th sub-pixel; the fourth intersection point of the right boundary of the (m,n)th sub-pixel in the display unit and the right boundary of the corresponding lens period group is the lower right endpoint of the (m,n)th sub-pixel.

3. The display module according to claim 1, wherein: The center line of the lens extending along its own long axis direction divides the lens into a first sub-area and a second sub-area arranged side by side along the horizontal direction; The plurality of sub-pixels located in the first sub-area are used to display a left-eye image; The multiple sub-pixels located in the second sub-area are used to display the right eye image; for the sub-pixels located on the center line, when the light-emitting area located in the first sub-area is greater than or equal to the light-emitting area located in the second sub-area, they are used to display the left eye image, and when the light-emitting area located in the second sub-area is greater than the light-emitting area located in the second sub-area, they are used to display the right eye image.

4. The display module according to claim 1, wherein: The display module further includes a liquid crystal layer disposed between the display panel and the optical element; The display panel comprises a display substrate, an alignment film arranged on the display substrate, and a plurality of support parts arranged on a side of the alignment film away from the display substrate; the support parts are used to support the lens; The first surface of the lens close to the display substrate has a first trace extending along the long axis direction of the lens; The second surface of the alignment film facing away from the display substrate has a second trace extending along the long axis direction of the lens; the third surface of the support portion has a third trace extending along the long axis direction of the lens; The third surface is the remaining surface of the support portion except for the surface in contact with the alignment film.

5. The display module according to claim 4, wherein: The material of the lens includes polymer branches extending along the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer on the first surface; and / or the material of the alignment film includes polymer branches extending along the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the second surface; and / or the material of the support portion includes polymer branches extending along the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules on the third surface.

6. The display module according to claim 4 or 5, wherein: The material of the lens includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material; and / or, the material of the alignment film includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material; and / or, the material of the support portion includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material; The fused material is a material obtained by fusing the first material, the second material and the third material; The first material is an aromatic diamine monomer with a spirobifluorene structure, a material formed by chemical reaction of 2-(3,5-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (35DABSBF), 2-(2,4-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (24DABSBF), 6FDA, CBDA and PDMA; the second material is a second generation hyperbranched polymer monomer; and the third material is polysilsesquioxane.

7. The display module according to claim 4 or 5, wherein: The material of the lens includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material; and / or, the material of the alignment film includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material; and / or, the material of the support portion includes a combination of any one of polyacrylic resin and epoxy resin and a fusion material; The fused material is a material obtained by fusing the first material, the second material, the third material and the fourth material; The first material is an aromatic diamine monomer with a spirobifluorene structure, a material formed by chemical reaction of 2-(3,5-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (35DABSBF), 2-(2,4-diaminobenzene)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (24DABSBF), 6FDA, CBDA and PDMA; the second material is a second generation hyperbranched polymer monomer; the third material is polysilsesquioxane; and the fourth material is an ultraviolet light initiator.

8. The display module according to claim 4, wherein: The material of the alignment film is the same as that of the support portion.

9. The display module according to claim 1, wherein: One lens covers 4 to 8 sub-pixels in the horizontal direction.

10. The display module according to claim 1, wherein: The angle between the long axis direction of the lens and the vertical direction is between 7° and 40°.

11. The display module according to claim 1, wherein: The pitch of the lens is between 100-550um, and the arch height of the lens is between 20-100um; the lenses are connected to form an integrated cylindrical grating structure through a connecting part, and the thickness of the connecting part is between 0-10um.

12. A method for preparing a display module, which is configured to prepare the display module according to any one of claims 1 to 11; A display panel is provided; the display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array; An optical element is manufactured on the display panel; the focal plane of the optical element is located at the position where the multiple sub-pixels are located; the optical element comprises N lenses arranged side by side along the row direction, wherein every M consecutive lenses form a lens period group; M is a positive integer less than or equal to N; N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; The plurality of sub-pixels are divided into a plurality of display units, each of the display units includes m×n sub-pixels; m represents the number of rows, n represents the number of columns, and both m and n are positive integers greater than or equal to 2; in, E represents the pupil distance, K1 represents the motion parallax for smooth stereoscopic viewing, and K1≤10mm; Tan(θ)=a / (m×K2), where θ represents the vertical tilt angle of the lens, a is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and K2 represents the aspect ratio of the sub-pixel; n=D1×(L+h) / (L×Px), where D1 represents the aperture size of the lens in the horizontal direction, L represents the viewing distance, h represents the focal length of the lens, and Px represents the size of a single sub-pixel in the horizontal direction; One column of the display units corresponds to one lens period group.

13. The method for preparing a display module according to claim 12, wherein: The display module is the display module described in claim 6 or 7; The steps of making the optical element include: Providing a first substrate; coating the lens material on the first substrate; Using a soft template to print the material of the lens, and using a UV exposure process to cure it to form the optical element; Alignment is performed on a first surface of the optical element facing away from the first substrate to form an optical element having a first track.

14. The method for preparing a display module according to claim 12, wherein: The display module is the display module described in claim 6 or 7; The steps of making the alignment film include: Coating the material of the alignment film on the side of the display substrate close to the liquid crystal layer, and curing it by UV exposure process to form an alignment material layer; A second surface of the alignment material layer facing away from the display substrate is aligned to form a second trace.

15. The method for preparing a display module according to claim 12, wherein: The display module is the display module described in claim 6 or 7; The material of the alignment film is the same as that of the support portion; The steps of manufacturing the alignment film and the support portion include: Coating an alignment material on a side of the display substrate close to the liquid crystal layer, and curing it using a UV exposure process to form a target material layer; Using a mask process, forming the alignment film and the support layer on a side of the target material layer away from the display substrate; The second surface of the alignment film and the third surface of the support portion are aligned to obtain a second trace and a third trace.

16. A display device, wherein: It comprises the display module as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11.

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