Offshore wind plant ecological environment monitoring system and method

Abstract

The invention provides an offshore wind plant ecological environment monitoring system and method, and belongs to the technical field of ecological monitoring, the system comprises an index module, an original ecology module, a new ecology module and a report module, environmental factors are monitored through the system, the monitoring purpose of the system is determined, and corresponding indexes are determined; therefore, original ecological data of an offshore wind power plant area is obtained, an ecological sensitive area is identified, and a comprehensive environment monitoring report is formed by combining the layout design of the wind power plant and evaluating the change of original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics, so that the balance of ecological protection and sustainable development is guaranteed, the systematicness and comprehensiveness of ecological monitoring are improved, and the economic benefit is increased. Ecological sensitive areas are identified and protected, and negative effects of the wind power plant on the ecological environment are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological monitoring, and in particular to an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system and method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy, the construction of offshore wind farms has gradually increased. However, offshore wind farms may have an impact on the surrounding ecological environment, especially in the construction and operation of ecologically sensitive areas. It is particularly important to evaluate and monitor the impact of offshore wind farms on the ecological environment and ensure the balance between ecological protection and sustainable development. Existing technologies often monitor a single factor and lack systematic analysis and comprehensive evaluation of directional environmental factors.

[0003] Therefore, the present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system and method. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system and method, which monitors environmental factors in a systematic manner, clarifies its monitoring purpose and determines corresponding indicators, thereby obtaining original ecological data of the offshore wind farm area, identifying ecologically sensitive areas, and combining the wind farm layout design to evaluate the changes in original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics, and forming a comprehensive environmental monitoring report to ensure the balance between ecological protection and sustainable development, improve the systematicness and comprehensiveness of ecological monitoring, identify and protect ecologically sensitive areas, and reduce the negative impact of wind farms on the ecological environment.

[0005] The present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, comprising:

[0006] Indicator module: clarify the environmental factors that need to be monitored, and determine the monitoring purpose of each environmental factor according to the factor-requirement table, and determine the monitoring indicators based on the monitoring purpose and the corresponding environmental ecological factors;

[0007] Original ecology module: obtain the original ecological environment data of the area where the offshore wind farm is located, determine the original ecological characteristics in the area in combination with the monitoring indicators, and determine the first ecological sensitive area based on the original ecological characteristics;

[0008] New ecological module: according to the layout design of the offshore wind farm and the first ecological sensitive area, a second ecological sensitive area is obtained, and new ecological characteristics are obtained based on the second ecological sensitive area;

[0009] Report module: Evaluate the original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics, and form an environmental monitoring report based on the evaluation results.

[0010] The present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, an indicator module, comprising:

[0011] Direction determination unit: divides the environmental factors of offshore wind farms into factors of direction, obtains the water quality-sediment direction, climate-acoustic environment direction and ecology-human activity direction, and then determines the corresponding directional environmental factors;

[0012] Monitoring progressive unit: matching the monitoring objectives corresponding to the corresponding directional environmental factors from the factor-requirement table, and formulating specific monitoring expectations for each directional environmental factor based on the monitoring objectives;

[0013] Indicator determination unit: According to the monitoring expectations, the monitoring targets of each environmental factor are clarified, and the indicator type corresponding to each monitoring target is selected from the water quality-sediment direction, climate-acoustic environment direction, and ecology-human activity direction, and then the monitoring indicators are determined.

[0014] The present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, an original ecological module, comprising:

[0015] Data acquisition unit: obtains the original ecological environment data of the area where the offshore wind farm is located in terms of water quality-sedimentation, climate-acoustic environment, and ecology-human activities;

[0016] Ecological network unit: divide the monitoring indicators corresponding to each direction into multiple levels, analyze the correlation between the monitoring indicators and the original ecological environment data layer by layer, and construct the original ecological network of the area where the offshore wind farm is located according to the correlation relationship and the hierarchical structure corresponding to the monitoring indicators;

[0017] First regional unit: extracting original ecological characteristics within the region from the original ecological network, performing ecological sensitivity analysis based on the original ecological characteristics, and identifying the first ecologically sensitive region.

[0018] The present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, the first area unit comprising:

[0019] Index determination block: based on the original ecological characteristics, select the sensitivity index in the region, and derive the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index of multiple sub-regions in the region according to the original ecological characteristics and the corresponding sensitivity index:

[0020]

[0021] Where S(t) represents the sensitivity score at time t; w k represents the weight of the kth sensitivity index; S k (t) represents the score of the kth sensitivity index at time t; k represents the index of the sensitivity index; m represents the number of sensitivity indicators; represents the ecological integrity index; α represents the coefficient of adjusting the ecological integrity index; w j represents the weight of the jth original ecological characteristic index; Ij (t) represents the value of the jth original ecological characteristic index at time t; j represents the index of the original ecological characteristic; n represents the number of original ecological characteristics; ES represents the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index; β represents the coefficient for adjusting the influence of the change rate of the original ecological characteristic; γ represents the coefficient for adjusting the influence of the change rate of the sensitivity index; represents the rate of change of original ecological characteristics at time t; It represents the change rate of the sensitivity index at time t; t represents the time; Δt represents the time interval;

[0022] Area determination block: Determine the first ecologically sensitive area based on the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index and the preset sensitivity threshold.

[0023] The present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, a new ecological module, comprising:

[0024] Potential impact unit: obtain the layout design of the offshore wind farm, evaluate the impact range of the layout design on the first ecologically sensitive area through overlay analysis, and clarify the spatial relationship between the layout design and the first ecologically sensitive area through map visualization, and then identify the potential impact area according to the impact range and spatial relationship;

[0025] Ecological change unit: construct an ecological model to simulate the impact of wind farms on the potential impact area and the first ecologically sensitive area, and evaluate the ecological changes of potential risks to the potential impact area and the first ecologically sensitive area by simulating the existing scenarios;

[0026] New ecological characteristic unit: Determine the second ecological sensitive zone by comprehensively considering the potential risks and ecological changes, and determine the new ecological characteristics of the second ecological sensitive zone based on the original ecological characteristics.

[0027] The present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, a new ecological characteristic unit, comprising:

[0028] Reanalysis block: quantify the potential risks and ecological changes to obtain quantitative results, use the quantitative results to optimize the preset sensitivity thresholds to obtain threshold optimization results, combine the quantitative results with the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index to reanalyze the ecological sensitivity of the first ecologically sensitive area and the potential impact area;

[0029] Feature determination block: Determine the second ecological sensitive area based on the reanalysis results and threshold optimization results, and then derive new ecological characteristics.

[0030] The present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system and a reporting module, comprising:

[0031] First assessment unit: conduct a first assessment of the original ecological characteristics and the new ecological characteristics based on the bio-climatic-ecological table combined with monitoring indicators;

[0032] Second assessment unit: conduct a second assessment of the original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics according to the activity-impact ecological table;

[0033] A report generating unit: forming a comprehensive evaluation result by integrating the first evaluation result and the second evaluation result, and forming an environmental monitoring report based on the comprehensive evaluation result.

[0034] The present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring method, comprising:

[0035] Step 1: Identify the environmental factors that need to be monitored, and determine the monitoring purpose of each environmental factor according to the factor-requirement table, and determine the monitoring indicators based on the monitoring purpose and the corresponding environmental ecological factors;

[0036] Step 2: Obtain the original ecological environment data of the area where the offshore wind farm is located, determine the original ecological characteristics in the area in combination with the monitoring indicators, and determine the first ecological sensitive area based on the original ecological characteristics;

[0037] Step 3: Determine a second ecologically sensitive area based on the layout design of the offshore wind farm and the first ecologically sensitive area, and derive new ecological characteristics based on the second ecologically sensitive area;

[0038] Step 4: Evaluate the new ecological characteristics and form an environmental monitoring report based on the evaluation results.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: by systematically monitoring directional environmental factors, clarifying its monitoring purpose and determining corresponding indicators, the original ecological data of the offshore wind farm area can be obtained, ecologically sensitive areas can be identified, and combined with the wind farm layout design, the changes in original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics can be evaluated to form a comprehensive environmental monitoring report to ensure the balance between ecological protection and sustainable development, improve the systematic and comprehensive nature of ecological monitoring, identify and protect ecologically sensitive areas, and reduce the negative impact of wind farms on the ecological environment.

[0040] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0046] Embodiment 1:

[0047] The embodiment of the present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, such as Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0048] Indicator module: clarify the environmental factors that need to be monitored, and determine the monitoring purpose of each environmental factor according to the factor-requirement table, and determine the monitoring indicators based on the monitoring purpose and the corresponding environmental ecological factors;

[0049] Original ecology module: obtain the original ecological environment data of the area where the offshore wind farm is located, determine the original ecological characteristics in the area in combination with the monitoring indicators, and determine the first ecological sensitive area based on the original ecological characteristics;

[0050] New ecological module: according to the layout design of the offshore wind farm and the first ecological sensitive area, a second ecological sensitive area is obtained, and new ecological characteristics are obtained based on the second ecological sensitive area;

[0051] Report module: Evaluate the original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics, and form an environmental monitoring report based on the evaluation results.

[0052] In this embodiment, the monitoring purpose refers to the overall goal or intention of the monitoring activity, which is usually to evaluate, manage or improve the health of the ecological environment, such as evaluating the impact of water quality on aquatic organisms, understanding the impact of climate change on the ecosystem, etc.

[0053] In this embodiment, environmental factors are various natural and man-made factors that affect the marine ecosystem, including water quality, climate, acoustics, etc., for example, seawater temperature, salinity, pollutant concentration, sound wave propagation, wind speed, precipitation, etc.

[0054] In this embodiment, the factor-requirement table is a tool for matching ecological and environmental factors with corresponding monitoring needs. For example, the table lists different ecological and environmental factors (such as water quality, climate, and ecology) and their corresponding monitoring purposes (such as assessing the impact of water quality on organisms and monitoring the impact of climate change on ecology), and formulates specific monitoring expectations for each factor to determine the monitoring indicators.

[0055] In this embodiment, the original ecological environment data is data collected in a natural state without being affected by human activities, reflecting the basic conditions of the ecosystem. For example, data such as water temperature, salinity, and plankton species measured in natural water bodies in a certain area are not subject to any human interference.

[0056] In this embodiment, the original ecological characteristics are characteristic indicators that reflect the state of the natural ecosystem in a specific area, such as the biodiversity, habitat type, and the types and numbers of benthic organisms in a certain sea area.

[0057] In this embodiment, the first ecologically sensitive area is the area that is most sensitive to environmental changes identified in the ecological sensitivity analysis. It is usually an area where the ecosystem is fragile and susceptible to impact, such as certain specific coral reef areas or important bird habitats. These areas are easily affected when the environment changes (such as water quality deterioration and increased noise).

[0058] In this embodiment, by obtaining the original ecological environment data of the offshore wind farm area, a hierarchical structure of monitoring indicators is established in terms of water quality, climate, ecology, etc., the relationship between these indicators and the original ecological environment data is analyzed layer by layer, an original ecological network is constructed, and original ecological characteristics are extracted from it, and ecological sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the first ecologically sensitive area.

[0059] In this embodiment, directional environmental factors refer to factors classified according to different environmental impact directions in offshore wind farm environmental monitoring, such as water quality-sediment direction, water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, heavy metal concentrations in sediments, climate-acoustic environment direction, air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, noise level (such as noise during wind farm operation), ecology-human activity direction, species abundance (such as the number of specific fish), biodiversity index (such as the Shannon index), and fishery catch.

[0060] In this embodiment, the monitoring indicators are specific parameters or characteristics used to quantify and evaluate directional environmental factors, helping the monitoring team understand the status and changes of the ecological environment, such as water quality-sediment direction, water temperature, monitoring water temperature changes, affecting biological growth, pH value, evaluating water acidity and alkalinity, affecting chemical reactions in water and biological survival, etc., climate-acoustic environment direction, air temperature, monitoring climate change trends, affecting ecosystems, precipitation, evaluating precipitation changes, affecting hydrological conditions, etc., ecology-human activity direction, species abundance, monitoring changes in the number of specific species, and evaluating biodiversity.

[0061] In this embodiment, the layout design is the specific construction plan of the offshore wind farm, including the location, quantity, layout form and related infrastructure of the wind turbines. For example, in the wind farm design, the wind turbines are spaced 500 meters apart and arranged in a grid, taking into account factors such as waterways, fishing areas and ecologically sensitive areas.

[0062] In this embodiment, the second ecologically sensitive area is a new sensitive area determined based on potential risks and ecological changes, and is usually a new area identified based on the original sensitive area. For example, a new sensitive area is identified around a wind farm, which may be determined due to the decline in biodiversity predicted by an ecological model.

[0063] In this embodiment, the new ecological characteristics are new characteristics of the second ecologically sensitive area, which are usually different from the original ecological characteristics. For example, the new ecological characteristics may include the introduction or disappearance of specific species and changes in the ecosystem structure (such as changes in habitat types).

[0064] In this embodiment, the difference from the original ecological characteristics is that the original ecological characteristics refer to the state of the ecosystem before being affected, while the new ecological characteristics are the state after being affected. For example, the original ecological characteristics may include rich biodiversity and healthy habitats, while the new ecological characteristics may be manifested as a reduction in certain species and degradation of habitats.

[0065] In this embodiment, the layout design of the offshore wind farm is obtained, and an overlay analysis is performed to evaluate its impact on the first ecologically sensitive area. The spatial relationship between the layout design and the sensitive area is clarified through map visualization, and an ecological model is constructed to simulate the ecological changes of the wind farm on the potential impact area. Finally, the second ecologically sensitive area and its new ecological characteristics are determined based on the potential risks and ecological changes.

[0066] In this embodiment, the assessment process is to conduct a first assessment of the original ecological characteristics and the new ecological characteristics through the bio-climate-ecological table combined with monitoring indicators, and conduct a second assessment using the activity-impact ecological table. The results of these two assessments are combined to form a comprehensive comprehensive assessment result, and an environmental monitoring report is prepared based on this result.

[0067] In this embodiment, the environmental monitoring report is a formal report based on the comprehensive assessment results, which records the findings and recommendations of ecological monitoring and provides a basis for decision-making. For example, the report points out the impact of the wind farm on the surrounding ecosystem, recommends taking measures (such as establishing a protected area) to reduce the impact on sensitive species, and makes recommendations for follow-up monitoring.

[0068] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: through systematic monitoring of directional environmental factors, clarifying its monitoring purpose and determining corresponding indicators, the original ecological data of the offshore wind farm area can be obtained, ecologically sensitive areas can be identified, and combined with the wind farm layout design, the changes in original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics can be evaluated to form a comprehensive environmental monitoring report to ensure the balance between ecological protection and sustainable development, improve the systematic and comprehensive nature of ecological monitoring, identify and protect ecologically sensitive areas, and reduce the negative impact of wind farms on the ecological environment.

[0069] Embodiment 2:

[0070] The embodiment of the present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, an indicator module, including:

[0071] Direction determination unit: divides the environmental factors of offshore wind farms into factors of direction, obtains the water quality-sediment direction, climate-acoustic environment direction and ecology-human activity direction, and then determines the corresponding directional environmental factors;

[0072] Monitoring progressive unit: matching the monitoring objectives corresponding to the corresponding directional environmental factors from the factor-requirement table, and formulating specific monitoring expectations for each directional environmental factor based on the monitoring objectives;

[0073] Indicator determination unit: According to the monitoring expectations, the monitoring targets of each environmental factor are clarified, and the indicator type corresponding to each monitoring target is selected from the water quality-sediment direction, climate-acoustic environment direction, and ecology-human activity direction, and then the monitoring indicators are determined.

[0074] In this embodiment, the monitoring expectation is the specific expected result of the monitoring activity, which is usually based on the specific requirements and expectations set for the monitoring purpose, for example, the dissolved oxygen level in the water quality is expected to remain within a certain range, or the noise level in the acoustic environment does not exceed a certain threshold.

[0075] In this embodiment, the monitoring objectives are further refinements of the monitoring expectations, which are usually specific and quantifiable objectives, and their achievement can be evaluated through monitoring activities. For example, within the next year, ensure that the nitrogen concentration in the water body does not exceed 0.5 mg / L, or evaluate the biodiversity index of a specific area every quarter.

[0076] In this embodiment, factor direction segmentation is to classify environmental factors according to their characteristics to facilitate subsequent analysis and monitoring. For example, environmental factors are divided into three directions: water quality-sedimentation, climate-acoustic environment, and ecology-human activities.

[0077] In this embodiment, the water quality-sediment direction focuses on water quality and sediment characteristics, such as monitoring dissolved oxygen, pH value, turbidity, heavy metal content, particle size and composition of sediments, etc. in the water.

[0078] In this embodiment, the climate-acoustic environment direction focuses on climate change and acoustic impacts, such as monitoring the temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation in the sea area, and the noise level generated during the operation of the wind farm (such as sound pressure level, spectrum analysis).

[0079] In this embodiment, the ecology-human activities direction focuses on the relationship between ecosystem changes and human activities, for example, monitoring changes in marine biodiversity, habitat destruction, and the impact of human activities on the ecology (such as fishing, shipping, and wind farm construction).

[0080] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by directional segmentation of offshore wind farm environmental data, identifying multiple directional environmental factors such as water quality, climate and ecology, matching monitoring objectives according to the factor-demand table, formulating specific monitoring expectations, and finally clarifying the monitoring targets of each factor and selecting corresponding monitoring indicators to achieve comprehensive ecological monitoring, provide systematic and comprehensive ecological environment monitoring, enhance the comprehensiveness of data, and help identify and evaluate the potential impact of wind farms on ecologically sensitive areas.

[0081] Embodiment 3:

[0082] The embodiment of the present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, an original ecological module, including:

[0083] Data acquisition unit: obtains the original ecological environment data of the area where the offshore wind farm is located in terms of water quality-sedimentation, climate-acoustic environment, and ecology-human activities;

[0084] Ecological network unit: divide the monitoring indicators corresponding to each direction into multiple levels, analyze the correlation between the monitoring indicators and the original ecological environment data layer by layer, and construct the original ecological network of the area where the offshore wind farm is located according to the correlation relationship and the hierarchical structure corresponding to the monitoring indicators;

[0085] First regional unit: extracting original ecological characteristics within the region from the original ecological network, performing ecological sensitivity analysis based on the original ecological characteristics, and identifying the first ecologically sensitive region.

[0086] In this embodiment, the process of dividing into multiple levels is to divide the monitoring indicators into different levels according to their characteristics and impact levels, so as to better analyze and understand their interrelationships. For example, water quality monitoring indicators are divided into basic indicators (such as temperature, pH value), intermediate indicators (such as nutrient concentration), and advanced indicators (such as biodiversity index).

[0087] In this embodiment, the correlation relationship is the mutual influence and dependence between the monitoring indicators and the original ecological environment data. For example, studies have found that changes in water temperature will affect the types and quantity of plankton, thereby affecting the health of the entire ecosystem.

[0088] In this embodiment, the process of constructing the original ecological network is to establish a network model that reflects the relationship between the various elements of the ecosystem based on the correlation between the monitoring indicators and the original ecological environment data. For example, water quality indicators, climate factors and ecological factors are connected in a graphical way to form an ecological network to show the interaction between them.

[0089] In this embodiment, ecological sensitivity analysis is to evaluate the responsiveness and vulnerability of an ecosystem to external disturbances (such as climate change, human activities, etc.). For example, by analyzing the impact of water quality changes on specific fish populations, it is possible to identify which areas are more susceptible to being affected when water quality deteriorates, and thus protect them.

[0090] In this embodiment, by selecting sensitivity indicators within the area, a comprehensive ecological sensitivity index is calculated based on the original ecological characteristics. The index comprehensively considers the weights and scores of the sensitivity indicators, as well as the influence of ecological integrity and original ecological characteristics, and ultimately determines the comprehensive ecological sensitivity within the area. Based on the comparison of the index with the preset sensitivity threshold, the first ecologically sensitive area is identified.

[0091] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by obtaining the original ecological environment data of the offshore wind farm area, establishing a hierarchical structure of monitoring indicators in terms of water quality, climate and ecology, analyzing the relationship between these indicators and the original ecological environment data layer by layer, constructing an original ecological network, and extracting original ecological characteristics from it, conducting ecological sensitivity analysis to identify the first ecologically sensitive area, providing a multi-level ecological monitoring framework, enhancing the systematic nature of data analysis, helping to accurately identify ecologically sensitive areas, and reducing the potential impact of wind farms on the environment.

[0092] Embodiment 4:

[0093] An embodiment of the present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, wherein a first regional unit includes:

[0094] Index determination block: based on the original ecological characteristics, select the sensitivity index in the region, and derive the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index of multiple sub-regions in the region according to the original ecological characteristics and the corresponding sensitivity index:

[0095]

[0096] Where S(t) represents the sensitivity score at time t; w k represents the weight of the kth sensitivity index; S k (t) represents the score of the kth sensitivity index at time t; k represents the index of the sensitivity index; m represents the number of sensitivity indicators; represents the ecological integrity index; α represents the coefficient of adjusting the ecological integrity index; w j represents the weight of the jth original ecological characteristic index; I j (t) represents the value of the jth original ecological characteristic index at time t; j represents the index of the original ecological characteristic; n represents the number of original ecological characteristics; ES represents the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index; β represents the coefficient for adjusting the influence of the change rate of the original ecological characteristic; γ represents the coefficient for adjusting the influence of the change rate of the sensitivity index; represents the rate of change of original ecological characteristics at time t; It represents the change rate of the sensitivity index at time t; t represents the time; Δt represents the time interval;

[0097] Area determination block: Determine the first ecologically sensitive area based on the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index and the preset sensitivity threshold.

[0098] In this embodiment, sensitivity indicators are specific indicators used to evaluate the response of an ecosystem to environmental changes. These indicators can reflect the health and vulnerability of the ecosystem, such as water quality indicators (such as nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations), biodiversity indexes (such as the number of specific fish populations), sediment quality (such as heavy metal content), acoustic environment indicators (such as noise levels), etc.

[0099] In this embodiment, multiple sub-areas are within the offshore wind farm area, and the area is divided into multiple parts with different ecological characteristics and sensitivity levels according to different ecological characteristics and sensitivity indicators. For example, the area around an offshore wind farm is divided into multiple sub-areas, such as coral reef areas, fish habitats, areas with more sediments, etc. The ecological characteristics and sensitivity indicators of each sub-area may be different.

[0100] In this embodiment, the preset sensitivity threshold is a standard value used to determine whether an area is identified as an ecologically sensitive area. Areas exceeding this threshold are considered to be ecologically sensitive areas. For example, if the nitrogen concentration in a water area exceeds 10 mg / L, the area may be identified as an ecologically sensitive area because it may pose a threat to aquatic life.

[0101] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by selecting sensitivity indicators within the area, a comprehensive ecological sensitivity index is calculated based on the original ecological characteristics. The index comprehensively considers the weights and scores of sensitivity indicators, as well as the influence of ecological integrity and original ecological characteristics, and finally determines the comprehensive ecological sensitivity in the area. By comparing the index with the preset sensitivity threshold, the first ecologically sensitive area is identified, providing a quantitative ecological sensitivity assessment tool and enhancing the scientific nature of monitoring.

[0102] Embodiment 5:

[0103] The embodiment of the present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, a new ecological module, including:

[0104] Potential impact unit: obtain the layout design of the offshore wind farm, evaluate the impact range of the layout design on the first ecologically sensitive area through overlay analysis, and clarify the spatial relationship between the layout design and the first ecologically sensitive area through map visualization, and then identify the potential impact area according to the impact range and spatial relationship;

[0105] Ecological change unit: construct an ecological model to simulate the impact of wind farms on the potential impact area and the first ecologically sensitive area, and evaluate the ecological changes of potential risks to the potential impact area and the first ecologically sensitive area by simulating the existing scenarios;

[0106] New ecological characteristic unit: Determine the second ecological sensitive zone by comprehensively considering the potential risks and ecological changes, and determine the new ecological characteristics of the second ecological sensitive zone based on the original ecological characteristics.

[0107] In this embodiment, the overlay analysis is to overlay multiple spatial data layers (such as wind farm layout and ecologically sensitive areas) to evaluate the mutual impact between them. For example, the wind farm layout is overlaid with the distribution map of the first ecologically sensitive area using GIS software to identify overlapping areas.

[0108] In this embodiment, the impact range is the area where the layout design may affect the ecologically sensitive area. For example, the layout of a wind farm may affect the surrounding waters and benthic habitats within 5 kilometers.

[0109] In this embodiment, map visualization uses a map to display the overlay analysis results so as to intuitively understand the relationship between the layout design and the ecologically sensitive areas. For example, a map is generated to show the overlapping part of the wind farm layout and the first ecologically sensitive area, and the potential impact area is marked.

[0110] In this embodiment, the spatial relationship is the geographical location and relationship between the layout design and the ecologically sensitive area. For example, the wind farm is located in the southeast of the first ecologically sensitive area, about 2 kilometers away from the boundary of the sensitive area.

[0111] In this embodiment, the potential impact area is an area that may be affected and is identified based on the layout design and the impact range. For example, the water area and benthic ecosystem within 3 kilometers around the wind farm are identified as the potential impact area.

[0112] In this embodiment, the input of the ecological model is data and parameters used to simulate the response of the ecosystem. For example, the input includes the layout of the wind farm, the ecological characteristics of the ecologically sensitive area (such as the species diversity index), water quality parameters (such as nutrient concentration), etc.; the output of the ecological model is the result generated after the model simulation, usually including the prediction of the change of the ecosystem. For example, the output may include the population change of a specific species after the construction of the wind farm, the change of the habitat area, etc. The training times are 1000 times.

[0113] In this embodiment, the existing impact refers to the actual impact of wind farm construction on ecologically sensitive areas and potential impact areas. For example, after the construction of a wind farm, the increase in underwater noise affects the habitat and reproduction of certain fish.

[0114] In this embodiment, ecological changes refer to changes that occur in an ecosystem after being affected, including changes in species diversity, population dynamics, and habitat quality. For example, after the construction of a wind farm, the number of certain benthic organisms decreases, resulting in a change in the balance of the ecosystem.

[0115] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by obtaining the layout design of the offshore wind farm, conducting overlay analysis to evaluate its impact on the first ecologically sensitive area, and clarifying the spatial relationship between the layout design and the sensitive area through map visualization, constructing an ecological model to simulate the ecological changes of the wind farm on the potential impact area, and finally determining the second ecologically sensitive area and its new ecological characteristics based on potential risks and ecological changes, providing an intuitive understanding of the relationship between the layout design and the ecologically sensitive area, supporting scientific decision-making, assessing potential risks through simulation, identifying ecological changes in advance, and reducing environmental impacts.

[0116] Embodiment 6:

[0117] The embodiment of the present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, a new ecological feature unit, including:

[0118] Reanalysis block: quantify the potential risks and ecological changes to obtain quantitative results, use the quantitative results to optimize the preset sensitivity thresholds to obtain threshold optimization results, combine the quantitative results with the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index to reanalyze the ecological sensitivity of the first ecologically sensitive area and the potential impact area;

[0119] Feature determination block: Determine the second ecological sensitive area based on the reanalysis results and threshold optimization results, and then derive new ecological characteristics.

[0120] In this embodiment, the quantification process is to convert potential risks and ecological changes into numerical form for comparison and analysis. For example, quantitative indicators of potential risks, such as water quality index, acoustic index and biodiversity index, are calculated through monitoring data (such as water quality changes, noise levels, species abundance).

[0121] In this embodiment, the quantification result is a specific value or indicator obtained in the quantification process, which is used to assess ecological risks and changes. For example, the water quality index around the wind farm is 45 (out of 100), and the acoustic index is 70 (out of 100), indicating the impact of water quality and noise levels on the ecosystem.

[0122] In this embodiment, the optimization process is to adjust the preset sensitivity threshold according to the quantification results to improve the accuracy of ecological monitoring. For example, according to the quantification results, it is found that the original water quality threshold (such as nitrogen content of 0.5 mg / L) is too conservative for certain species. After analysis, it is optimized to 0.3 mg / L.

[0123] In this embodiment, the threshold optimization result is a new sensitive threshold obtained after optimization, which is used for subsequent ecological monitoring and evaluation. For example, the optimized water quality threshold is 0.3 mg / L, and the acoustic threshold is adjusted to 60 dB as a new standard for evaluating ecological health.

[0124] In this embodiment, the reanalysis process combines the optimized threshold with the quantification result for comprehensive analysis to evaluate ecological sensitivity. For example, the optimized water quality threshold is compared with the actually monitored water quality index (such as 45) to analyze its impact on the first ecologically sensitive area.

[0125] In this embodiment, the reanalysis result is an ecological sensitivity assessment result obtained by combining the optimized threshold and the quantification result. For example, after reanalysis, the ecological sensitivity index of the first ecologically sensitive area is 0.6 (the full score is 1), indicating that the area is in a medium sensitive state and requires attention.

[0126] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by quantifying potential risks and ecological changes, quantitative results are obtained, and these results are used to optimize the preset sensitivity thresholds, and the optimized thresholds are combined with the comprehensive ecological sensitivity indicators to re-analyze the first ecologically sensitive area and the potential impact area. According to the re-analysis results and the threshold optimization results, the second ecologically sensitive area is determined, and its new ecological characteristics are obtained, so as to improve the accuracy of ecological assessment, ensure a comprehensive understanding of potential impacts, and enhance the pertinence of ecological protection measures by optimizing the sensitivity thresholds.

[0127] Embodiment 7:

[0128] The embodiment of the present invention provides an offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, a reporting module, including:

[0129] First assessment unit: conduct a first assessment of the original ecological characteristics and the new ecological characteristics based on the bio-climatic-ecological table combined with monitoring indicators;

[0130] Second assessment unit: conduct a second assessment of the original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics according to the activity-impact ecological table;

[0131] A report generating unit: forming a comprehensive evaluation result by integrating the first evaluation result and the second evaluation result, and forming an environmental monitoring report based on the comprehensive evaluation result.

[0132] In this embodiment, the bio-climate-ecology table is a comprehensive table that lists biological species, climatic factors and their impact on the ecosystem, helping to understand the changes in ecological characteristics. For example, the table lists the relationship between different fish (such as herring, eel) and climatic factors (such as water temperature, salinity), and analyzes how these factors affect their growth and reproduction.

[0133] In this embodiment, the first assessment is based on the bio-climate-ecological table and monitoring indicators to evaluate the original ecological characteristics and the new ecological characteristics in order to understand the changes in the ecosystem. For example, by comparing the fish population structure before and after the construction of the wind farm and evaluating its biodiversity changes, it is found that the number of certain species has decreased significantly.

[0134] In this embodiment, the activity-impact ecological table is a table that lists human activities (such as shipping and fishing) and their specific impacts on the ecosystem, helping to identify potential risks. For example, the table lists different activities (such as wind farm construction and fishing activities) and their impacts on water quality, noise and biodiversity, and analyzes the interactions between these activities.

[0135] In this embodiment, the second assessment is based on the activity-impact ecological table to evaluate the original ecological characteristics and the new ecological characteristics in order to understand the impact of human activities on the ecosystem. For example, the impact of wind farm construction on surrounding fishery resources is assessed. By analyzing the activity-impact ecological table, it is found that the construction of wind farms has led to a reduction in certain fishery resources.

[0136] In this embodiment, the comprehensive assessment result is a combination of the results of the first assessment and the second assessment to form an assessment of the overall health status of the ecosystem. For example, the comprehensive assessment result shows that the construction of a wind farm has led to a decline in biodiversity and deterioration in water quality, and a decrease in the overall health index of the ecosystem.

[0137] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: through the combination of bio-climate-ecological table and monitoring indicators, the original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics are first evaluated, and the activity-impact ecological table is used for the second evaluation. The results of these two evaluations are combined to form a comprehensive comprehensive evaluation result, and based on this result, an environmental monitoring report is compiled to facilitate decision-making and management, provide systematic and comprehensive ecological assessments, enhance the understanding of the impact on the ecological environment, and promote the coordination between offshore wind farm construction and ecological protection.

[0138] Embodiment 8:

[0139] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring the ecological environment of an offshore wind farm. Figure 2 As shown, including:

[0140] Step 1: Identify the environmental factors that need to be monitored, and determine the monitoring purpose of each environmental factor according to the factor-requirement table, and determine the monitoring indicators based on the monitoring purpose and the corresponding environmental ecological factors;

[0141] Step 2: Obtain the original ecological environment data of the area where the offshore wind farm is located, determine the original ecological characteristics in the area in combination with the monitoring indicators, and determine the first ecological sensitive area based on the original ecological characteristics;

[0142] Step 3: Determine a second ecologically sensitive area based on the layout design of the offshore wind farm and the first ecologically sensitive area, and derive new ecological characteristics based on the second ecologically sensitive area;

[0143] Step 4: Evaluate the original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics, and form an environmental monitoring report based on the evaluation results.

[0144] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: through systematic monitoring of directional environmental factors, clarifying its monitoring purpose and determining corresponding indicators, the original ecological data of the offshore wind farm area can be obtained, ecologically sensitive areas can be identified, and combined with the wind farm layout design, the changes in original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics can be evaluated to form a comprehensive environmental monitoring report to ensure the balance between ecological protection and sustainable development, improve the systematic and comprehensive nature of ecological monitoring, identify and protect ecologically sensitive areas, and reduce the negative impact of wind farms on the ecological environment.

[0145] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system, characterized in that: include: Indicator module: clarify the environmental factors that need to be monitored, and determine the monitoring purpose of each environmental factor according to the factor-requirement table, and determine the monitoring indicators based on the monitoring purpose and the corresponding environmental ecological factors; Original ecology module: obtain the original ecological environment data of the area where the offshore wind farm is located, determine the original ecological characteristics in the area in combination with the monitoring indicators, and determine the first ecological sensitive area based on the original ecological characteristics; New ecological module: according to the layout design of the offshore wind farm and the first ecological sensitive area, a second ecological sensitive area is obtained, and new ecological characteristics are obtained based on the second ecological sensitive area; Report module: Evaluate the original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics, and form an environmental monitoring report based on the evaluation results.

2. An offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Indicator modules, including: Direction determination unit: divides the environmental factors of offshore wind farms into factors of direction, obtains the water quality-sediment direction, climate-acoustic environment direction and ecology-human activity direction, and then determines the corresponding directional environmental factors; Monitoring progressive unit: matching the monitoring objectives corresponding to the corresponding directional environmental factors from the factor-requirement table, and formulating specific monitoring expectations for each directional environmental factor based on the monitoring objectives; Indicator determination unit: According to the monitoring expectations, the monitoring targets of each environmental factor are clarified, and the indicator type corresponding to each monitoring target is selected from the water quality-sediment direction, climate-acoustic environment direction, and ecology-human activity direction, and then the monitoring indicators are determined.

3. An offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Native modules, including: Data acquisition unit: obtains the original ecological environment data of the area where the offshore wind farm is located in terms of water quality-sedimentation, climate-acoustic environment, and ecology-human activities; Ecological network unit: divide the monitoring indicators corresponding to each direction into multiple levels, analyze the correlation between the monitoring indicators and the original ecological environment data layer by layer, and construct the original ecological network of the area where the offshore wind farm is located according to the correlation relationship and the hierarchical structure corresponding to the monitoring indicators; First regional unit: extracting original ecological characteristics within the region from the original ecological network, performing ecological sensitivity analysis based on the original ecological characteristics, and identifying the first ecologically sensitive region.

4. The offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The first regional unit includes: Index determination block: based on the original ecological characteristics, select the sensitivity index in the region, and derive the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index of multiple sub-regions in the region according to the original ecological characteristics and the corresponding sensitivity index: Where S(t) represents the sensitivity score at time t; w k represents the weight of the kth sensitivity index; S k (t) represents the score of the kth sensitivity index at time t; k represents the index of the sensitivity index; m represents the number of sensitivity indicators; represents the ecological integrity index; α represents the coefficient of adjusting the ecological integrity index; w j represents the weight of the jth original ecological characteristic index; I j (t) represents the value of the jth original ecological characteristic index at time t; j represents the index of the original ecological characteristic; n represents the number of original ecological characteristics; ES represents the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index; β represents the coefficient for adjusting the influence of the change rate of the original ecological characteristic; γ represents the coefficient for adjusting the influence of the change rate of the sensitivity index; represents the rate of change of original ecological characteristics at time t; It represents the change rate of the sensitivity index at time t; t represents the time; Δt represents the time interval; Area determination block: Determine the first ecologically sensitive area based on the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index and the preset sensitivity threshold.

5. The offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: New ecological modules, including: Potential impact unit: obtain the layout design of the offshore wind farm, evaluate the impact range of the layout design on the first ecologically sensitive area through overlay analysis, and clarify the spatial relationship between the layout design and the first ecologically sensitive area through map visualization, and then identify the potential impact area according to the impact range and spatial relationship; Ecological change unit: construct an ecological model to simulate the impact of wind farms on the potential impact area and the first ecological sensitive area, and evaluate the ecological changes of potential risks to the potential impact area and the first ecological sensitive area by simulating the existence scenario; New ecological characteristic unit: Determine the second ecological sensitive zone by comprehensively considering the potential risks and ecological changes, and determine the new ecological characteristics of the second ecological sensitive zone based on the original ecological characteristics.

6. An offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: New ecological characteristic units, including: Reanalysis block: quantify the potential risks and ecological changes to obtain quantitative results, use the quantitative results to optimize the preset sensitivity thresholds to obtain threshold optimization results, combine the quantitative results with the comprehensive ecological sensitivity index to reanalyze the ecological sensitivity of the first ecologically sensitive area and the potential impact area; Feature determination block: Determine the second ecological sensitive area based on the reanalysis results and threshold optimization results, and then derive new ecological characteristics.

7. The offshore wind farm ecological environment monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Reporting module, including: First assessment unit: conduct a first assessment of the original ecological characteristics and the new ecological characteristics based on the bio-climatic-ecological table combined with monitoring indicators; Second assessment unit: conduct a second assessment of the original ecological characteristics and new ecological characteristics according to the activity-impact ecological table; A report generating unit: forming a comprehensive evaluation result by integrating the first evaluation result and the second evaluation result, and forming an environmental monitoring report based on the comprehensive evaluation result.

8. A method for monitoring the ecological environment of an offshore wind farm, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Identify the environmental factors that need to be monitored, and determine the monitoring purpose of each environmental factor according to the factor-requirement table, and determine the monitoring indicators based on the monitoring purpose and the corresponding environmental ecological factors; Step 2: Obtain the original ecological environment data of the area where the offshore wind farm is located, determine the original ecological characteristics in the area in combination with the monitoring indicators, and determine the first ecological sensitive area based on the original ecological characteristics; Step 3: Determine a second ecologically sensitive area based on the layout design of the offshore wind farm and the first ecologically sensitive area, and derive new ecological characteristics based on the second ecologically sensitive area; Step 4: Evaluate the new ecological characteristics and form an environmental monitoring report based on the evaluation results.

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