Power grid enterprise carbon emission accounting method and device and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a power grid enterprise carbon emission accounting method and device and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps of importing activity data of a power grid into a database of a specified server; cleaning the data, automatically scanning missing values and abnormal values in the data set by adopting an intelligent algorithm, and filling the missing values in combination with the time sequence characteristics of the data; the abnormal value is judged and corrected according to the business logic and the statistical law, so that the reasonability and consistency of the data are ensured; selecting an applicable accounting mode and a corresponding emission factor according to the difference of the accounting areas; and finally, the carbon emission of the power grid in a certain time interval is calculated. According to the invention, accurate metering of the carbon emission of the power grid enterprise within the selected time range can be realized, carbon emission data under different accounting standards can be output, and analysis and early warning of the emission data can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission accounting, and in particular to a method, device and storage medium for carbon emission accounting of a power grid enterprise. Background Art

[0002] As the main body of power transmission and distribution in the power system, the carbon emissions of the power grid are mainly indirect emissions caused by line losses. In addition, it also includes emissions caused by SF6 leakage in electrical equipment, heat use, fuel consumption, etc. At present, the mainstream carbon emission accounting methods include emission factor method, mass balance method and actual measurement method. The emission factor method determines the carbon emissions based on the activity volume of greenhouse gas emission production or consumption activities (such as fossil fuel consumption, net purchased electricity, net purchased steam, etc.) and the emission factor corresponding to the activity (carbon emissions corresponding to the activity volume in standard units, published by international organizations, countries or localities); the mass balance method calculates emissions based on the carbon mass balance of specific facilities and process flows (that is, the difference between the output carbon content and the input carbon content); the actual measurement method is based on the measured basic data of emission sources, and summarizes the relevant carbon emissions. Among them, the emission factor method is the most widely applicable and most commonly used carbon accounting method.

[0003] At present, carbon emission accounting at the corporate level abroad is usually based on the two standard systems of ISO 14064 and GHG Protocol, but there are few specific technical guidelines for power grid companies or power transmission and transformation links. China has issued the "China Power Grid Company Greenhouse Gas Emission Accounting Method and Reporting Guidelines (Trial)" and "Power Grid Company Greenhouse Gas Emission Accounting Guidelines" around the carbon emission accounting of power grid companies, but there are differences in emission sources, accounting methods, etc. between different standards, which is not conducive to the power grid companies themselves to carry out carbon emission accounting work.

[0004] At the same time, since the current carbon emission accounting mostly adopts the emission factor method, and the carbon emissions of power grid enterprises are mainly indirect emissions, choosing the correct power grid carbon emission factor is an important prerequisite for power grid enterprises to achieve accurate carbon emission data accounting. The power grid carbon emission factor can be divided into national power grid emission factor, regional power grid emission factor, provincial power grid emission factor, power carbon footprint factor, China power grid baseline emission factor, etc., which are used for different scenarios such as carbon emission accounting and emission reduction calculation. Among them, the names of the power grid carbon emission factors used in carbon emission accounting and emission reduction calculation are relatively similar, and are both released regularly by the state. In actual use, confusion is easy to occur, resulting in inaccurate carbon emission data accounting.

[0005] In addition, the current formal carbon emissions accounting is usually carried out and reported by third-party organizations commissioned by demand enterprises, and the frequency is usually once a year. It is difficult to support power grid companies to dynamically adjust energy conservation and carbon reduction levels according to carbon emission data levels in production activities. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a carbon emission accounting method for power grid enterprises, which can overcome the problems existing in existing accounting methods.

[0007] One of the purposes of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for calculating carbon emissions of a power grid enterprise, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step S1: importing the activity data of the power grid into the database of the designated server;

[0010] Step S2: Clean the data and use intelligent algorithms to automatically scan missing values ​​and outliers in the data set. For missing values, fill them in based on the time series characteristics of the data. For outliers such as null values ​​and out-of-bounds values ​​that do not conform to statistical laws, discard them and use the mean or other interpolation methods to fill and correct them to ensure the rationality and consistency of the data.

[0011] Step S3: Select the applicable accounting model and corresponding emission factor according to the differences in accounting areas;

[0012] Step S4: After completing data cleaning and selecting the accounting model and the corresponding emission factor, calculate the carbon emissions of the power grid within a certain time period.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S3, the accounting modes include mode I, mode II and mode III, which are specifically defined as follows:

[0014] Mode I: Greenhouse gas emissions of power grid enterprises are defined as the emissions of sulfur hexafluoride generated during the repair and decommissioning of sulfur hexafluoride equipment and the carbon dioxide emissions generated in the power production process corresponding to the transmission and distribution losses, and are calculated accordingly;

[0015] Mode II: Define the greenhouse gas emission accounting boundary of power grid enterprises based on the classification principle of direct emissions and indirect emissions caused by their own operating activities. Direct emissions are mainly fuel combustion emissions and sulfur hexafluoride fugitive emissions, and indirect emissions are mainly emissions caused by the use of electricity and heat, and calculations are made accordingly;

[0016] Model III: Define the greenhouse gas emission accounting boundary of power grid enterprises based on the classification principle of direct emissions and indirect emissions caused by their own operating activities. Direct emissions are fuel combustion emissions and sulfur hexafluoride fugitive emissions, and indirect emissions are emissions caused by the use of electricity and heat, and calculations are made accordingly.

[0017] Further, after step S4, the method further includes:

[0018] Step S5: After the carbon emissions are calculated, the temporal changes of the carbon emissions are visualized to directly reflect the changes in the carbon emissions.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes establishing an abnormal monitoring mechanism for carbon emissions in the power grid to monitor the dynamic changes of carbon emissions in the power grid in real time. Once it is found that carbon emissions exceed the preset threshold within the set time period, the forward cloud model is used to rate the carbon emission risk that exceeds the range value, and then the early warning mechanism is triggered to send early warning information through various means.

[0020] Furthermore, the calculation formula of the preset threshold is:

[0021]

[0022] ye=e rt

[0023] Among them, he is the hourly preset range, the unit is (t / h); it is the hourly control range limit set by the power grid enterprise according to different control objectives; me is the monthly preset range, the unit is (t / m); c is the monthly control range limit set according to different control objectives; e rt It is the carbon emission target or carbon emission quota of the power grid enterprise, in t.

[0024] Furthermore, the forward cloud model evaluates the carbon emission risk level by first weighting the early warning indicators, and then selects the normal cloud model in the cloud model to conduct a risk assessment study on the risk of over-limit carbon emissions of power grid enterprises. The "clouds" in the cloud map show a normal distribution, and the risks are divided into five levels, namely low risk, relatively low risk, medium risk, relatively high risk, and high risk.

[0025] The cloud generator is a cloud model generation algorithm. The three digital features (Ex, En, He) representing the qualitative concept are input into the forward cloud generator. Given the number of cloud droplets n to be generated, several two-dimensional points of the normal cloud model are generated, namely, cloud droplets drop (x i ,μ(x i ))(i=1,2,3,......,n), thereby forming a normal cloud image composed of n cloud droplets;

[0026] Among them, Ex represents the expected value; En represents entropy, which reflects the correlation between randomness and fuzziness; He represents hyperentropy, which is a measure of the uncertainty of entropy.

[0027] Furthermore, the specific steps of using the cloud generator to generate a normal cloud map are as follows:

[0028] (1) Input the cloud digital eigenvalues ​​(Ex, En, He) and calculate En as the expectation and He as the 2is a normal random number with variance En', where En'~N(En,He 2 );

[0029] in:

[0030]

[0031]

[0032] He = k;

[0033] x min is the minimum boundary of the carbon emission risk level of a certain power grid enterprise, x max is the maximum boundary of the carbon emission risk level of a certain power grid enterprise, and k is a constant;

[0034] (2) Generate Ex as the expected value, En' 2 is a normal random number x with variance, where x~N(Ex,En' 2 );

[0035] (3) Calculate the degree of certainty μ(x) and generate a sequence pair drop(x,u(x)) consisting of each quantitative element x and its corresponding degree of membership μ(x), that is, a cloud drop, where the degree of certainty formula is as follows:

[0036]

[0037] (4) Determine the number of cloud droplets n, repeat steps 1-3n times until n cloud droplets are generated, and finally generate a normal cloud map.

[0038] Furthermore, in step S1, the activity data of the power grid include the SF6 capacity of retired equipment, the amount of SF6 recovered from retired equipment, the SF6 capacity of repaired equipment, the amount of SF6 recovered from repaired equipment, the power supply, the power sales, the power usage, the green power usage, the power supply emission factor of the power grid, the fuel name, the fuel consumption, the received low calorific value, the carbon content per unit calorific value, the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel, the heat of thermal power usage and the thermal power supply emission factor.

[0039] The second object of the present invention is to provide a carbon emission accounting device for a power grid enterprise, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the method described above is implemented when the processor executes the computer program.

[0040] A third object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program implements the aforementioned method when executed by a processor.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention can achieve accurate measurement of carbon emissions of power grid enterprises within a selected time range, and output carbon emission data under different accounting standards, while realizing analysis and early warning of emission data.

[0042] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description and the preceding claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0044] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the software recommendation method in an embodiment of the present invention

[0045] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the software recommendation system in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than for limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0047] Embodiment 1

[0048] A method for calculating carbon emissions of a power grid enterprise of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0049] Step S1: Import the activity data of the power grid into the database of the designated server; the activity data of the power grid include the SF6 capacity of retired equipment, the amount of SF6 recovered from retired equipment, the SF6 capacity of repaired equipment, the amount of SF6 recovered from repaired equipment, the amount of power supplied, the amount of power sold, the amount of power used, the amount of green power used, the power supply emission factor of the power grid, the name of the fuel, the fuel consumption, the received base low calorific value, the carbon content per unit calorific value, the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel, the amount of heat used for thermal power and the thermal supply emission factor.

[0050] Step S2: In order to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the accounting results, it is crucial to perform strict integrity and outlier checks on the data. When missing values ​​or outliers are found during the check, the data should be cleaned first, and intelligent algorithms should be used to automatically scan the missing values ​​and outliers in the data set, including but not limited to zero values, negative values, and values ​​that are extremely deviated from the mean. For missing values, combined with the time series characteristics of the data, interpolation methods (linear interpolation, neighboring point interpolation, or more complex machine learning prediction models can be used) are used to fill them; for null values, out-of-bounds values, and other outliers that do not conform to statistical laws, they are discarded and filled and corrected using the mean or other interpolation methods to ensure the rationality and consistency of the data;

[0051] Step S3: Select the applicable accounting model and corresponding emission factor according to the differences in accounting areas;

[0052] When implementing this process, prepare the selectable drop-down menu in advance according to different standards, and select according to the target area of ​​the accounting. Electricity carbon emission factors can be roughly divided into two categories, one is the emission factor used when calculating carbon emissions, and the other is the emission factor used when calculating emission reductions when developing voluntary emission reduction projects. The two cannot be mixed. In this embodiment, the emission factors that can be selected from the drop-down menu are all the first type of emission factors, thereby avoiding mixed use and causing calculation errors.

[0053] For example, when selecting the carbon emission factor for Chongqing, you can choose the regional average carbon dioxide emission factor for electricity and the provincial average carbon dioxide emission factor for electricity. In addition, when selecting the greenhouse gas potential value of SF6, you can also choose according to the SF6 GWP-100 data in the China Power Grid Enterprise Greenhouse Gas Emission Accounting Method and Reporting Guide (Trial) or the IPCC Assessment Report (Sixth).

[0054] Step S4: After completing data cleaning and selecting the accounting model and corresponding emission factors, calculate the carbon emissions of the power grid within a certain time interval. Through high-precision mathematical models and algorithms, the carbon emissions of the entire chain and life cycle of the power supply end of the power grid can be refined to ensure the scientificity and comprehensiveness of the accounting results.

[0055] In this embodiment, in step S3, the accounting modes include mode I, mode II and mode III, which are specifically defined as follows:

[0056] Mode I: Greenhouse gas emissions of power grid enterprises are defined as the emissions of sulfur hexafluoride generated during the repair and decommissioning of sulfur hexafluoride equipment and the carbon dioxide emissions generated in the power production process corresponding to the transmission and distribution losses, and are calculated accordingly;

[0057] Mode II: Define the greenhouse gas emission accounting boundary of power grid enterprises based on the classification principle of direct emissions and indirect emissions caused by their own operating activities. Direct emissions are mainly fuel combustion emissions and sulfur hexafluoride fugitive emissions, and indirect emissions are mainly emissions caused by the use of electricity and heat, and calculations are made accordingly;

[0058] Model III: Define the greenhouse gas emission accounting boundary of power grid enterprises based on the classification principle of direct emissions and indirect emissions caused by their own operating activities. Direct emissions are fuel combustion emissions and sulfur hexafluoride fugitive emissions, and indirect emissions are emissions caused by the use of electricity and heat, and calculations are made accordingly.

[0059] The specific accounting modes include the following three accounting modes:

[0060] Accounting Model I:

[0061] Greenhouse gas emissions from power grid companies refer to the emissions of sulfur hexafluoride generated during the repair and decommissioning of sulfur hexafluoride equipment and the carbon dioxide emissions generated in the power production process corresponding to power transmission and distribution losses. The specific calculation is based on formula (1-1):

[0062] E=E SF6 +E 网损 ……(1-1)

[0063] In the formula,

[0064] E——Total carbon dioxide emissions of power grid enterprises (tons of carbon dioxide);

[0065] E SF6 - Sulfur hexafluoride emissions from the repair and decommissioning of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride (tonnes of carbon dioxide);

[0066] E 网损 ——Total carbon dioxide emissions caused by transmission and distribution losses (tonnes of carbon dioxide).

[0067] The emissions from the repair and decommissioning of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride in power grid enterprises are calculated according to formula (1-2):

[0068]

[0069] In the formula,

[0070] E SF6 - Sulfur hexafluoride emissions from the repair and decommissioning of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride (tonnes of carbon dioxide);

[0071] REC 容量,i ——the sulfur hexafluoride capacity of the decommissioned equipment i, expressed as nameplate data;

[0072] REC 回收,i——The actual amount of sulfur hexafluoride recovered from the retired equipment i, (kg);

[0073] REP 容量,i - the sulfur hexafluoride capacity of repair equipment j, expressed as nameplate data, (kg);

[0074] REP 回收,i ——actual amount of sulfur hexafluoride recovered from repaired equipment j, (kg);

[0075] GWP SF6 --Greenhouse gas potential of sulfur hexafluoride, 23,900.

[0076] The carbon dioxide emissions of power grid enterprises mainly come from greenhouse gas emissions caused by power loss on transmission and distribution lines, which is calculated from the power supply and sales, in megawatt-hours. The measurement method and metering equipment standards for electricity should comply with the relevant provisions of DL / T 448-2000 "Technical Specifications for Electricity Metering Devices", GB 17167-2006 "General Rules for the Equipment and Management of Energy Metering Instruments in Energy-consuming Units", GB / T 25095-2010 "Overhead Transmission Line Operation Status Monitoring System", GB 17215 "Electricity Meter Series Standards" and GB 16934-1997 "Electricity Meter Cabinets".

[0077] The emissions generated by power transmission and distribution losses of power grid enterprises are calculated according to formula (1-3):

[0078] E 网损 =AD 网损 ×EF 电网 ……(1-3)

[0079] In the formula,

[0080] E 网损 ——Total carbon dioxide emissions caused by transmission and distribution of electricity (tCO2);

[0081] AD 网损 ——Amount of electricity lost in transmission and distribution (MWh);

[0082] EF 电网 ——Annual average power supply emission factor of the regional power grid (tCO2 / MWh).

[0083] The power loss of transmission and distribution is calculated according to formula (1-4):

[0084] AD 网损 =EL 供电 -EL 售电 ……(1-4)

[0085] In the formula,

[0086] AD 网损——Amount of electricity lost in transmission and distribution (MWh);

[0087] EL 供电 ——power supply (MWh);

[0088] EL 售电 ——Electricity sales, i.e. electricity consumption by end users (MWh).

[0089] The power supply calculation formula is as follows (1-5):

[0090] EL 供电 =EL 上网 +EL 输入 -EL 输出 ……(1-5)

[0091] EL 供电 ——power supply (MWh);

[0092] EL 上网 ——Power generation from power plants (MWh);

[0093] EL 输入 ——Electricity imported from other provinces (MWh);

[0094] EL 输出 ——Electricity exported to other provinces (MWh).

[0095] Accounting Model II:

[0096] The greenhouse gas emission accounting boundary of power grid enterprises is based on the classification principle of direct emissions and indirect emissions caused by their own operating activities. Direct emissions mainly include fuel combustion emissions and sulfur hexafluoride fugitive emissions, while indirect emissions mainly include emissions caused by the use of electricity and heat.

[0097] Fuel combustion emissions are the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions generated by the combustion of various fossil fuels by power grid companies during the accounting period. Greenhouse gas emissions generated by fuel combustion are calculated according to formula (2-1):

[0098]

[0099] Where:

[0100] E 燃烧 ——Total carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion, in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e);

[0101] FC i ——Consumption of the i-th fuel, in tons (t) for solid or liquid fuels and in ten thousand normal cubic meters (104 Nm3) for gaseous fuels;

[0102] C ar,i——the as-received carbon content of the i-th fuel, in tonnes of carbon per tonne (tC / t) for solid or liquid fuels; in tonnes of carbon per 10,000 normal cubic metres (tC / 104Nm3) for gaseous fuels;

[0103] OF i ——Carbon oxidation rate of the ith fuel, expressed in %;

[0104] ——The ratio of the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide to carbon.

[0105] For suppliers who do not provide data on the carbon content of fuel elements, greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion are calculated using formula (2-2):

[0106]

[0107] NCV ar.i ——the received lower calorific value of the i-th fuel, in GJ / t for solid and liquid fuels and GJ / 104Nm3 for gaseous fuels;

[0108] CC i ——The carbon content per unit calorific value of the ith fuel, in tons of carbon per gigajoules (tC / GJ).

[0109] The total amount of greenhouse gas emissions generated during the operation, maintenance and decommissioning of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride is calculated according to formula (2-3):

[0110] E SF6 =E 运行 +E 检修 +E 退役 ……(2-3)

[0111] E SF6 ——Total greenhouse gas emissions from equipment using sulfur hexafluoride, in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e);

[0112] E 运行 ——Emissions from leakage during the operation of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e);

[0113] E 检修 ——Emissions from equipment maintenance using sulfur hexafluoride, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e);

[0114] E 退役 - Emissions from the decommissioning of equipment using sulphur hexafluoride, expressed in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e).

[0115] Greenhouse gas emissions from leakage during the operation of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride are calculated according to formula (2-4):

[0116]

[0117] Where:

[0118] In 容量,i ——The amount of insulating gas added to the i-th equipment during the statistical time period, in kilograms (kg);

[0119] GWP SF6 --Global warming potential of sulfur hexafluoride, 24,300.

[0120] The greenhouse gas emissions generated during the maintenance of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride are calculated according to formula (2-5):

[0121]

[0122] In the formula,

[0123] REP 容量,j ——Insulating gas capacity of the jth maintenance equipment, in kilograms (kg);

[0124] REP 回收,j ——The actual amount of insulating gas recovered from the jth maintenance equipment, in kilograms (kg).

[0125] The greenhouse gas emissions generated by the decommissioning of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride are calculated according to formula (2-6):

[0126]

[0127] Where:

[0128] REC 容量,k ——Insulating gas capacity of the kth retired equipment, in kilograms (kg);

[0129] REC 回收,k ——The actual amount of insulating gas recovered from the kth retired equipment, in kilograms (kg).

[0130] Greenhouse gas emissions caused by electricity use are calculated according to formula (2-7):

[0131] E 用电 =(AD 用电 -AD 绿电 )×EF 电网 ……(2-7)

[0132] Where:

[0133] E 用电——Total carbon dioxide emissions caused by the use of electricity, in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e);

[0134] AD 用电 ——Electricity consumption (excluding self-generated electricity), in megawatt-hours (MWh);

[0135] AD 绿电 ——Green electricity used, in megawatt-hours (MWh);

[0136] EF 电网 ——Grid electricity supply emission factor, in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MWh).

[0137] The use of heat includes the purchase of steam and hot water. The greenhouse gas emissions caused by the use of heat are calculated according to formula (2-8):

[0138] E 用热 =AD 外购热 ×EF 热 ……(2-8)

[0139] In the formula,

[0140] E 用热 ——Total carbon dioxide emissions caused by the use of heat, in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e);

[0141] AD 外购热 ——heat quantity of heat used, in gigajoules (GJ);

[0142] EF 热 ——Emission factor for heat supply, expressed in tonnes of carbon dioxide per gigajoule (tCO2 / GJ).

[0143] If the purchased heat is measured in units of mass, the heat of the heat used should be converted and calculated using formulas (2-9), (2-10) and (2-11). The steam enthalpy is determined according to Table A.3 in Appendix A:

[0144] AD 外购热 =AD 热水 +AD 蒸汽 ……(2-9)

[0145] Where:

[0146] AD 热水 ——The amount of heat contained in the hot water, in gigajoules (GJ);

[0147] AD 蒸汽 ——The heat contained in the steam, measured in gigajoules (GJ).

[0148] AD 热水 =MaW ×(T w -20)×4.1868×10 -3 ……(2-10)

[0149] In the formula,

[0150] Ma W ——The mass of hot water, in tons (t);

[0151] T w ——Temperature of hot water, in degrees Celsius (℃);

[0152] 4.1868 – Specific heat capacity of water at normal temperature and pressure, expressed in kilojoules per kilogram per degree Celsius (kJ / kg·℃);

[0153] AD 蒸汽 =Ma st ×(En st -83.74)×10 -3 ……(2-11)

[0154] In the formula,

[0155] Ma st ——mass of steam, in tons (t);

[0156] En st ——The enthalpy of each kilogram of steam at the temperature and pressure corresponding to the steam, in kilojoules per kilogram (kJ / kg).

[0157] 83.74 – The enthalpy of water at 20 degrees Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure, expressed in kilojoules per kilogram (kJ / kg).

[0158] The emissions generated by power transmission and distribution losses are calculated according to formula (2-12):

[0159] E 网损 =AD 网损 ×EF 电网 ……(1-3)

[0160] In the formula,

[0161] E 网损 ——Total CO2 emissions from transmission and distribution of electricity, in tonnes of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e);

[0162] AD 网损 ——The amount of electricity lost in transmission and distribution, in megawatt-hours (MWh);

[0163] EF 电网 ——Annual average power supply emission factor of the regional power grid (tCO2 / MWh).

[0164] The power loss of transmission and distribution is calculated according to formula (2-13):

[0165] AD 网损 =EL 供电 -EL 售电 ……(2-13)

[0166] In the formula,

[0167] AD 网损 ——The amount of electricity lost in transmission and distribution, in megawatt-hours (MWh);

[0168] EL 供电 ——power supply, in megawatt-hours (MWh);

[0169] EL 售电 ——Electricity sales, i.e. electricity consumption by end users, measured in megawatt-hours (MWh).

[0170] The power supply calculation formula is as follows (2-14):

[0171] EL 供电 =EL 上网 +EL 输入 -EL 输出 ……(2-14)

[0172] EL 供电 ——power supply, in megawatt-hours (MWh);

[0173] EL 上网 ——The amount of electricity connected to the grid by the power plant, in megawatt-hours (MWh);

[0174] EL 输入 ——Electricity imported from outside the region, in megawatt-hours (MWh);

[0175] EL 输出 ——The amount of electricity exported outside the region, in megawatt-hours (MWh).

[0176] The annual average power supply emission factor of the regional power grid should be calculated based on the current division of the Northeast, North China, East China, Central China, Northwest China and Southern power grids, and the corresponding regional power grid emission factors announced by the national competent authorities in recent years should be used.

[0177] Accounting Model III:

[0178] The greenhouse gas emission accounting boundary of power grid enterprises is based on the classification principle of direct emissions and indirect emissions caused by their own operating activities. Direct emissions mainly include fuel combustion emissions and sulfur hexafluoride fugitive emissions, while indirect emissions mainly include emissions caused by the use of electricity and heat.

[0179] Among them, the fugitive emission of sulfur hexafluoride mainly considers the greenhouse gas emissions generated by the commissioning of new equipment, equipment operation, maintenance, SF6 recovery and purification, and equipment decommissioning, and is calculated according to formula (3-1):

[0180] E SF6 =E 启用 +E 运行 +E 检修 +E 回收 +E 退役 ……(3-1)

[0181] E SF6 ——Total greenhouse gas emissions from equipment using sulfur hexafluoride, in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e);

[0182] E 启用 - Emissions from leakage during the initial commissioning of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e);

[0183] E 运行 ——Emissions from leakage during the operation of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e);

[0184] E 检修 ——Emissions from equipment maintenance using sulfur hexafluoride, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e);

[0185] E 回收 ——Emissions due to leakage during the sulfur hexafluoride recovery and purification process, expressed in tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e);

[0186] E 退役 - Emissions from the decommissioning of equipment using sulphur hexafluoride, expressed in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e).

[0187] The greenhouse gas emissions generated during the maintenance of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride are calculated according to formula (3-1):

[0188]

[0189] In the formula,

[0190] REP 充入,i ——The change in gas volume in the original insulating gas storage container before and after the i-th enabled device is filled, in kilograms (kg);

[0191] REP 容量,i ——Insulating gas capacity of the ith enabled equipment, in kilograms (kg).

[0192] GWP SF6--Global warming potential of sulfur hexafluoride, 24,300.

[0193] Greenhouse gas emissions from leakage during the operation of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride are calculated according to formula (3-2):

[0194]

[0195] Where:

[0196] In 容量,j ——The amount of insulating gas added to the jth device during the statistical time period, in kilograms (kg).

[0197] The greenhouse gas emissions generated during the maintenance of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride are calculated according to formula (3-3):

[0198]

[0199] In the formula,

[0200] REP 容量,k ——Insulating gas capacity of the kth maintenance equipment, in kilograms (kg);

[0201] REP 回收,k ——The actual amount of insulating gas recovered from the kth maintenance equipment, in kilograms (kg).

[0202] Greenhouse gas emissions generated by the sulfur hexafluoride gas recovery process are calculated according to formula (3-4):

[0203]

[0204] Where:

[0205] REC 回收,l ——the amount of insulating gas recovered in the first device, in kilograms (kg);

[0206] REC 回充,l ——The amount of insulating gas refilled in the first device, in kilograms (kg);

[0207] REC 废弃,l ——SF6 content in the waste after treatment of insulating gas recovered from the first equipment, in kilograms (kg).

[0208] The greenhouse gas emissions generated by the decommissioning of equipment using sulfur hexafluoride are calculated according to formula (3-5):

[0209]

[0210] Where:

[0211] REC 容量,m——Insulating gas capacity of the mth retired equipment, in kilograms (kg);

[0212] REC 回收,m ——The actual amount of insulating gas recovered from the mth retired equipment, in kilograms (kg).

[0213] The accounting method for the remaining emissions is the same as that in Model 2.

[0214] The three accounting models cover increasing emission links. The first one is based on the published accounting guidelines, which is more authoritative and suitable for use in compiling externally released accounting reports, but only two typical emission scenarios are selected for inclusion in the accounting scope; the second accounting model is based on the power industry standards released this year, covering more emission links, which helps companies to have a more comprehensive understanding of their own emission levels; the third one is to improve the first and second accounting models in combination with the actual production links of the power grid, which is more in line with the actual production of power grid companies. In actual applications, power grid companies can choose different accounting models according to different needs. Example 2

[0215] In this embodiment, step S5 is further added: after the carbon emissions are calculated, the temporal changes of the carbon emissions are visualized to directly reflect the changes in the carbon emissions.

[0216] You can choose to draw a line graph, bar graph, scatter graph, or trend graph of carbon emissions as needed.

[0217] Embodiment 3

[0218] In this embodiment, it also includes establishing an abnormal monitoring mechanism for carbon emissions of the power grid to monitor the dynamic changes of carbon emissions of the power grid in real time. Once it is found that the carbon emissions exceed the preset threshold within the set time interval, the forward cloud model is used to rate the carbon emission risk exceeding the range value, and then the early warning mechanism is triggered to send early warning information through various methods (such as interface pop-up windows, SMS alarms, sound alarms, etc.).

[0219] The calculation formula for the preset threshold is:

[0220]

[0221]

[0222] ye=e rt

[0223] Among them, he is the hourly preset range, which is the hourly control range limit of carbon emissions set by the power grid company according to different control targets, and the unit is (t / h); me is the monthly preset range, and the unit is (t / m); c is the monthly control range limit set according to different control targets; e rtIt is the annual carbon emission reduction quota of the power grid company, in tons.

[0224] The steps of the forward cloud model to evaluate the carbon emission risk level are as follows:

[0225] First, the early warning indicators are weighted. The early warning indicators include but are not limited to the carbon emission intensity of the power grid, the installed capacity of clean energy, the clean energy power generation rate, and the operating profit margin of the power grid. Since risk is a fuzzy concept expressed by natural language values ​​and has uncertainty, it is difficult to conduct quantitative analysis on it. In addition, the risks in the objective world are affected by multiple independent random variables, and the total impact (or result) of the risk factors obeys the normal distribution or approximately obeys the normal distribution. Therefore, the normal cloud model in the cloud model is selected to conduct a risk assessment study on the risk of over-limit carbon emissions of power grid enterprises, and the "clouds" in the cloud map show a normal distribution. Finally, the risks are divided into five levels, namely low risk, lower risk, medium risk, higher risk, and high risk.

[0226] The cloud generator is a cloud model generation algorithm, which is a process of converting qualitative concepts and quantitative values. The risk assessment of over-limit carbon emissions of power grid enterprises is a process of converting fuzzy concepts into quantitative numerical representations. Therefore, the positive cloud generator is used here. The specific concepts and generation steps are as follows:

[0227] The principle of the forward normal cloud generator is: input the three digital features (Ex, En, He) representing the qualitative concept into the forward cloud generator, given the number of cloud droplets n to be generated, generate several two-dimensional points of the normal cloud model, namely, cloud droplets drop (x i ,μ(x i ))(i=1,2,3,......,n), thus forming a normal cloud composed of n cloud droplets.

[0228] Among them, Ex stands for expected value; En stands for entropy, which reflects the correlation between randomness and fuzziness; He stands for hyperentropy, which is a measure of the uncertainty of entropy. The details are as follows:

[0229] Expected value Ex: Expected value Ex refers to the expected distribution of cloud droplets in the domain space. Its expected value is the center of gravity of the cloud droplet group, which is also the middle value of the qualitative concept in the domain space. It is the point in the cloud map that best represents the qualitative concept. The membership value corresponding to the expected value is 1. When evaluating the carbon emission risk of power grid enterprises, the larger the expected value, the greater the evaluation value of the risk.

[0230] Entropy En: Entropy En reflects the correlation between randomness and fuzziness, is jointly determined by the fuzziness and randomness of qualitative concepts, and measures the uncertainty of qualitative concepts. On the one hand, entropy En reflects the measurable granularity of qualitative concepts. The larger the entropy En, the more macroscopic the qualitative concept is, the greater the fuzziness and randomness of the qualitative concept, and the more difficult it is to quantify the certainty; on the other hand, entropy reflects the probability density of the cloud droplet group in the number domain space that can represent this language value, indicating the randomness of the appearance of cloud droplets representing the qualitative concept. In the cloud map, entropy is expressed as the range of cloud droplets that a qualitative concept can accept in the domain space, and is a measure of the both-and-the-other nature (i.e., fuzziness) of the qualitative concept. The larger the entropy En, the larger the range of acceptable cloud droplets in the cloud map, and the more vague the qualitative concept is.

[0231] Super entropy He: Super entropy He is a measure of the uncertainty of entropy, which is the entropy of entropy. Super entropy is determined by the randomness and fuzziness of entropy. This digital feature reflects the discreteness of cloud droplets in the cloud map, and also reflects the cohesion of the uncertainty of all points representing the language value in the domain space. The size of super entropy reflects the thickness of the cloud. The larger the super entropy, the lower the cohesion of cloud droplets, the greater the discreteness, and the thicker the cloud.

[0232] The specific steps of using the cloud generator to generate a normal cloud map are as follows:

[0233] (1) Input the cloud digital eigenvalues ​​(Ex, En, He) and calculate En as the expectation and He as the 2 is a normal random number with variance En', where En'~N(En,He 2 );

[0234] in:

[0235]

[0236]

[0237] He = k;

[0238] x min is the minimum boundary of the grid carbon emission risk level, x max is the maximum boundary of the grid carbon emission risk level, and k is a constant;

[0239] (2) Generate Ex as the expected value, En' 2 is the normal random carbon emission with variance x, where x~N(Ex,En' 2 );

[0240] (3) Calculate the degree of certainty μ(x), and generate a sequence pair drop(x,u(x)) consisting of each quantitative element carbon emission x and its corresponding membership μ(x), i.e., a cloud droplet, where the degree of certainty formula is as follows:

[0241]

[0242] (4) Determine the number of cloud droplets n, repeat steps 1-3n times until n cloud droplets are generated, and finally generate a normal cloud map.

[0243] Based on the design concept of the above method, the present invention also provides a carbon emission accounting device for a power grid enterprise, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the above method is implemented. Specifically, Figure 2 The following is a schematic diagram of the software accounting system structure in one embodiment. The device can be modularly designed, including a data display module, a data cleaning module, a data accounting module, a result display and visualization module, and other modules. The detailed description is as follows:

[0244] (1) Data display module: used to display the original data imported into the software from the server database.

[0245] The data displayed mainly includes the SF6 emissions generated during the repair and decommissioning of equipment and the on-grid and sales electricity of power transmission and distribution. In the specific implementation process, it is displayed in a table, with data names and behavior recording time. Users can judge whether the data can be directly calculated or needs to be cleaned based on the loaded data.

[0246] (2) Data cleaning module: used to remove outliers and fill in missing values.

[0247] The data cleaning module has a built-in negative value recognition function for SF6, grid power, fuel, and heat usage. After removing these negative values, linear interpolation is performed based on their changing trends.

[0248] (3) Data accounting module: used to calculate the carbon emissions of the power grid over a period of time.

[0249] The accounting module has built-in different accounting modes to calculate the carbon emissions of the power grid according to the parameters selected by the user.

[0250] This module can also transform complex accounting results into easy-to-understand visual expressions. Through charts, graphs and other forms, it can intuitively display key information such as the changing trend and structural distribution of carbon emissions in the power grid. Users can customize views, including but not limited to bar charts, line charts, pie charts, etc., to meet analysis needs at different levels.

[0251] (4) Result display and visualization module: used to display the calculation results and visualize them. For example, after calculating the carbon emissions of the power grid over a period of time, the results include the carbon emissions of each node and the total carbon emissions, as well as the rate of change between nodes. At this time, a bar chart can be used to represent the node carbon emissions, a line chart can be used to represent the rate of change, and the total amount can be marked on the edge of the graph.

[0252] (4) Other modules: including auxiliary modules such as time display and result export, which are used to display the current time and export the calculation results into electronic documents (such as Excel, PDF) or image files (such as PNG, JPEG) in various formats to facilitate the use of subsequent reports. These auxiliary functions further enhance the flexibility and practicality of the system and meet the diverse needs of users.

[0253] It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, a plurality of steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0254] A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0255] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into a processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0256] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.

[0257] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0258] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating carbon emissions of a power grid enterprise, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: Step S1: importing the activity data of the power grid into the database of the designated server; Step S2: Clean the data and use intelligent algorithms to automatically scan the missing values ​​and outliers in the data set. For missing values, fill them in based on the time series characteristics of the data; for outliers, discard them and fill them in using the mean or other interpolation methods to ensure the rationality and consistency of the data. Step S3: Select the applicable accounting model and corresponding emission factor according to the differences in accounting areas; Step S4: After completing data cleaning and selecting the accounting model and the corresponding emission factor, calculate the carbon emissions of the power grid within a certain time period.

2. A method for calculating carbon emissions of a power grid enterprise according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the accounting modes include mode I, mode II and mode III, which are specifically defined as follows: Mode I: Greenhouse gas emissions of power grid enterprises are defined as the emissions of sulfur hexafluoride generated during the repair and decommissioning of sulfur hexafluoride equipment and the carbon dioxide emissions generated in the power production process corresponding to the transmission and distribution losses, and are calculated accordingly; Mode II: Define the greenhouse gas emission accounting boundary of power grid enterprises based on the classification principle of direct emissions and indirect emissions caused by their own operating activities. Direct emissions are mainly fuel combustion emissions and sulfur hexafluoride fugitive emissions, and indirect emissions are mainly emissions caused by the use of electricity and heat, and calculations are made accordingly; Model III: Define the greenhouse gas emission accounting boundary of power grid enterprises based on the classification principle of direct emissions and indirect emissions caused by their own operating activities. Direct emissions are fuel combustion emissions and sulfur hexafluoride fugitive emissions, and indirect emissions are emissions caused by the use of electricity and heat, and calculations are made accordingly.

3. A method for calculating carbon emissions of a power grid enterprise according to claim 1, characterized in that: After step S4, the method further includes: Step S5: After the carbon emissions are calculated, the temporal changes of the carbon emissions are visualized to directly reflect the changes in the carbon emissions.

4. A method for calculating carbon emissions of a power grid enterprise according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes establishing an abnormal monitoring mechanism for carbon emissions in the power grid to monitor the dynamic changes of carbon emissions in the power grid in real time. Once it is found that carbon emissions exceed the preset threshold within the set time period, the forward cloud model is used to rate the carbon emission risk that exceeds the range value, and then the early warning mechanism is triggered and an early warning message is sent.

5. A method for calculating carbon emissions of a power grid enterprise according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the preset threshold is: ye=e rt Among them, he is the hourly preset range, the unit is (t / h); it is the hourly control range limit set by the power grid enterprise according to different control objectives; me is the monthly preset range, the unit is (t / m); c is the monthly control range limit set according to different control objectives; e rt It is the annual carbon emission target or carbon emission quota of the power grid enterprise, in tons.

6. A method for calculating carbon emissions of a power grid enterprise according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The forward cloud model evaluates the carbon emission risk level by first weighting the early warning indicators, and then selects the normal cloud model in the cloud model to conduct risk assessment research on the risk of over-limit carbon emissions of power grid enterprises. The "cloud" in the cloud map presents a normal distribution, and divides the risk into 5 levels, namely low risk, relatively low risk, medium risk, relatively high risk, and high risk. The cloud generator is a cloud model generation algorithm. The three digital features (Ex, En, He) representing the qualitative concept are input into the forward cloud generator. Given the number of cloud droplets n to be generated, several two-dimensional points of the normal cloud model are generated, namely, cloud droplets drop (x i ,μ(x i ))(i=1,2,3,......,n), thereby forming a normal cloud image composed of n cloud droplets; Among them, Ex represents the expected value; En represents entropy, which reflects the correlation between randomness and fuzziness; He represents hyperentropy, which is a measure of the uncertainty of entropy.

7. A method for calculating carbon emissions of a power grid enterprise according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific steps of using the cloud generator to generate a normal cloud map are as follows: (1) Input the cloud digital eigenvalues ​​(Ex, En, He) and calculate En as the expectation and He as the 2 is the normal random number En' with variance, Among them, En'~N(En,He 2 ) ; in: He = k; x min is the minimum boundary of the carbon emission risk level of a certain power grid enterprise, x max is the maximum boundary of the carbon emission risk level of a certain power grid enterprise, and k is a constant; (2) Generate Ex as the expected value, En' 2 is a normal random number x with variance, where x~N(Ex,En' 2 ); (3) Calculate the degree of certainty μ(x) and generate a sequence pair drop(x,u(x)) consisting of each quantitative element x (i.e., the carbon emissions of power grid enterprises in the selected time period) and its corresponding membership μ(x), i.e., a cloud droplet, where the degree of certainty formula is as follows: (4) Determine the number of cloud droplets n, repeat steps 1 to 3 n times until n cloud droplets are generated, and finally generate a normal cloud map.

8. A method for calculating carbon emissions of a power grid enterprise according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the activity data of the power grid include the SF6 capacity of retired equipment, the amount of SF6 recovered from retired equipment, the SF6 capacity of repaired equipment, the amount of SF6 recovered from repaired equipment, the power supply, the power sales, the power usage, the green power usage, the power supply emission factor of the power grid, the fuel name, the fuel consumption, the received low calorific value, the carbon content per unit calorific value, the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel, the heat of thermal power usage and the thermal power supply emission factor.

9. A carbon emission accounting device for a power grid enterprise, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

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