Oscillator unit and base station antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses an oscillator unit and a base station antenna. The oscillator unit comprises a base body, a metal ground layer and an oscillator body, the base body is provided with a mounting channel, a plurality of via holes are further formed in the peripheral wall of the base body and distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction of the base body, and metal layers are arranged on the inner walls of the via holes to form metalized via holes; the metal ground layer is installed on the base body, located at one end of the installation channel and connected with the metal layer. The oscillator body comprises a radiation layer, an auxiliary layer and a feeder line, the radiation layer and the auxiliary layer are arranged in the installation channel and are sequentially stacked in the direction away from the metal ground layer, the auxiliary layer is connected with the metal layer, and the feeder line is connected with the radiation layer and used for transmitting signals. According to the scheme, the space occupied by the oscillator unit can be reduced, the metalized via holes are connected with the auxiliary layer, the damage probability of the auxiliary layer can be reduced without additional wiring, the safety and compactness of the oscillator unit are improved, the oscillator unit can be conveniently applied to a small-size high-frequency antenna, and meanwhile the manufacturing difficulty is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of base station antennas, and in particular to a vibrator unit and a base station antenna. Background Art

[0002] An antenna is a transducer that converts a guided wave propagating on a transmission line into an electromagnetic wave propagating in an unbounded medium, or vice versa.

[0003] Publication number CN111048904A discloses an antenna, wherein the shell includes a bottom shell and a cover connected to the bottom shell, the antenna array includes a feed board and antenna elements arranged in a plurality of rows and columns on the feed board, the antenna also includes an isolation member for forming isolation between the antenna elements, the cover includes a top plate and a plurality of reinforcing ribs arranged on the top plate, the isolation member is formed on the reinforcing ribs to eliminate the complicated process of assembling and welding the isolation member on the feed board and reduce the mutual coupling between the element beams.

[0004] However, as the frequency band increases, the size of the antenna vibrator becomes smaller and smaller. Molding the isolation parts and reinforcement ribs within the limited size takes up a large space and increases the difficulty of production. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a vibrator unit to solve the technical problem in the prior art that as the frequency band increases, the size of the antenna vibrator becomes smaller and smaller, and the isolation parts and reinforcement ribs are formed within a limited size, which occupies a large space and increases the difficulty of production.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a vibrator unit, comprising: A substrate having a mounting channel, wherein a plurality of via holes are formed on an outer peripheral wall of the substrate, wherein the plurality of via holes are spaced apart and distributed along the circumference of the substrate, and a metal layer is provided on an inner wall of the via hole to form a metalized via hole; a metal ground layer, mounted on the substrate, located at one end of the mounting channel and connected to the metal layer; and The vibrator body includes a radiation layer, an auxiliary layer and a feeder line. The radiation layer and the auxiliary layer are arranged in the installation channel and are stacked in sequence in a direction away from the metal layer. The auxiliary layer is connected to the metal layer, and the feeder line is connected to the radiation layer for transmitting signals.

[0007] In some embodiments, the radiation layer has a feeding pin, and the metal layer is provided with an avoidance hole corresponding to the feeding pin; The feed line is connected to the feed pin via the avoidance hole.

[0008] In some embodiments, the feed pins are provided in plurality, the avoidance holes and the feed lines are provided in plurality corresponding to the feed pins, each avoidance hole is directly opposite to the corresponding feed pin, and the feed line is connected to the feed pin via the corresponding avoidance hole.

[0009] In some embodiments, the auxiliary layer includes an isolation layer and a top layer, and the isolation layer and the top layer are sequentially stacked on the radiation layer in a direction away from the metal layer and connected to the metal layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the isolation layer includes an isolation substrate and a metal coating, wherein the metal coating covers the surface of the isolation substrate and has grooves.

[0011] In some embodiments, there are a plurality of the grooves, and the plurality of the grooves are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the isolation layer.

[0012] In some embodiments, the top layer includes a top substrate, a first metal layer and multiple second metal layers. The first metal layer is disposed on the top substrate and is centrally symmetrically arranged, and multiple gaps are spaced apart along its circumference. The multiple second metal layers are respectively disposed in the multiple gaps.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first metal layer is arranged in a cross shape, the notch is formed between any two adjacent flanges of the first metal layer, and the second metal layer is arranged in a rectangular shape.

[0014] In some embodiments, the vibrator unit further includes a cover body, which is mounted on the base and covers an end of the installation channel away from the metal stratum.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a base station antenna, which comprises the vibrator unit as described in any one of the above items.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, in the vibrator unit provided by the present invention, an installation channel for accommodating the vibrator body is formed in the base of the antenna, and a plurality of vias are arranged at intervals on the outer peripheral wall of the base, so that the plurality of vias can surround the installation channel, and each via is plated with a metal layer to form a plurality of metal vias, thereby forming a metal side wall around the vibrator body through a plurality of metalized vias to reduce the coupling between the vibrator units and improve the isolation between the vibrator units. In this way, the space occupied by the vibrator unit can be reduced, and the metalized via is connected to the auxiliary layer, and the probability of damage to the auxiliary layer can be reduced without additional wiring, thereby improving the safety and compactness of the vibrator unit, and being easy to apply to small-sized high-frequency antennas. At the same time, only the metalized via needs to be formed on the base of the antenna to improve the isolation, and the manufacturing process is relatively mature, reducing the difficulty of manufacturing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is an exploded diagram of a vibrator unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of some structures of the middle radiation layer, substrate and metal stratum; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the vibrator body and cover; Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Top view of the mid-metal strata; Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Top view of the middle radiation layer; Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A top view of the middle isolation layer; Figure 7 yes Figure 1 Top view of the middle and top floors.

[0018] Description of reference numerals: 1. Base; 1a. Installation channel; 11. Metal layer; 2. Metal ground layer; 2a. Avoidance hole; 3. Vibrator body; 31. Radiation layer; 311. Feed pin; 32. Auxiliary layer; 33. Feed line; 34. Isolation layer; 341. Isolation substrate; 342. Metal plating; 342a. Groove; 35. Top layer; 351. Top substrate; 352. First metal layer; 352a. Notch; 353. Second metal layer; 4. Cover body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0020] In order to solve the technical problem in the prior art that as the frequency band increases, the size of the antenna vibrator becomes smaller and smaller, and the isolation parts and reinforcement ribs are formed within a limited size, which occupies a large space and increases the difficulty of manufacturing. The present invention provides a vibrator unit, which can reduce the space occupied by the vibrator unit, and the metallized vias are connected to the auxiliary layer, and the probability of damage to the auxiliary layer can be reduced without additional routing, thereby improving the safety and compactness of the vibrator unit, and being easy to apply to small-sized high-frequency antennas. At the same time, it is only necessary to form metallized vias on the substrate of the antenna to improve isolation and reduce the difficulty of manufacturing.

[0021] It should be noted that the vibrator unit described in the present invention is used for but not limited to base station antennas, etc. For the convenience of explanation, in the present invention, only the application of the vibrator unit to the base station antenna is used as an example for explanation, and the principle of applying the vibrator unit to other types of equipment is essentially the same as the principle applied to the base station antenna, which will not be repeated here.

[0022] See also Figures 1 to 3 , Figures 1 to 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of an oscillator unit in an embodiment of the present invention, the oscillator unit includes a substrate 1, a metal layer 2 and an oscillator body 3; the substrate 1 has an installation channel 1a, and the outer peripheral wall of the substrate 1 is also provided with a plurality of vias, the plurality of vias are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the substrate 1, and the inner wall of the via is provided with a metal layer 11 to form a metalized via; the metal layer 2 is installed on the substrate 1, and is located at one end of the installation channel 1a, and is connected to the metal layer 11; the oscillator body 3 includes a radiation layer 31, an auxiliary layer 32 and a feeder 33, the radiation layer 31 and the auxiliary layer 32 are arranged in the installation channel 1a, and are stacked in sequence in a direction away from the metal layer 2, the auxiliary layer 32 is connected to the metal layer 11, and the feeder 33 is connected to the radiation layer 31 for transmitting signals.

[0023] In the vibrator unit provided by the present invention, an installation channel 1a for accommodating the vibrator body 3 is formed in the antenna substrate 1, and a plurality of vias are arranged at intervals on the outer peripheral wall of the substrate 1, so that the plurality of vias can surround the installation channel 1a, and each via is plated with a metal layer 11 to form a plurality of metal vias, thereby forming a metal side wall around the vibrator body 3 through a plurality of metalized vias to reduce the coupling between the vibrator units and improve the isolation between the vibrator units. In this way, the space occupied by the vibrator unit can be reduced, and the metalized via is connected to the auxiliary layer 32, and the probability of damage to the auxiliary layer 32 can be reduced without additional wiring, thereby improving the safety and compactness of the vibrator unit, and being easy to apply to small-sized high-frequency antennas. At the same time, only the metalized via needs to be formed on the antenna substrate 1 to improve the isolation, and the manufacturing process is relatively mature, reducing the difficulty of manufacturing.

[0024] It should be noted that, in one embodiment, the base station antenna includes an antenna substrate, and the antenna substrate is divided into multiple bases 1 for the installation of multiple vibrator units. It should be understood that the material of the antenna substrate can be one of silicon nitride, aluminum oxide ceramics, polyimide film (PI), copper base material, LCP (liquid crystal polymer) and PPS (polyphenylene sulfide). This is a prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0025] In addition, it should be understood that metallized vias are also called vias. In double-sided boards and multi-layer boards, in order to connect the printed wires between the layers, a common hole, i.e., a via, is drilled at the intersection of the wires that need to be connected in each layer. In terms of technology, a layer of metal is plated on the cylindrical surface of the hole wall of the via by chemical deposition to connect the copper foils that need to be connected in the middle layers, and the upper and lower surfaces of the via are made into circular pad shapes. The parameters of the via mainly include the outer diameter of the hole and the drilling size. The specific structure and process principle of the metallized via are existing technologies and will not be elaborated here.

[0026] In one embodiment, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 The radiation layer 31 has a feeding pin 311, and the metal layer 2 is provided with an avoidance hole 2a corresponding to the feeding pin 311; the feed line 33 is connected to the feeding pin 311 via the avoidance hole 2a.

[0027] In this embodiment, an avoidance hole 2a is provided on the metal layer 2 to avoid the short circuit of the radiation layer 31 through which the avoidance feeder 33 is connected, so as to further improve the compactness of the vibrator unit. In addition, it should be noted that the functions of the metal layer 2 include providing an electrical signal reflection surface, protecting the antenna, reducing interference and improving communication quality. It can also be used as a protective measure to prevent the antenna from being damaged in harsh environments, especially in the case of lightning strikes, etc. The metal layer 2 can guide the charge to the ground to avoid affecting the normal operation of the antenna.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, a metallized via hole can also be provided on the radiation layer 31 corresponding to the avoidance hole 2a, the aperture of the metallized via hole on the radiation layer 31 is smaller than the aperture of the avoidance hole 2a, and is connected to the feeding pin 311. Therefore, when connecting the feed line 33, the feed line 33 is introduced into the avoidance hole 2a, and then the metallized via hole of the radiation layer 31 and the feeding pin 311 are connected in sequence.

[0029] In one embodiment, a plurality of feeding pins 311 are provided, and a plurality of avoidance holes 2a and feeding lines 33 are provided corresponding to the feeding pins 311. Each avoidance hole 2a is directly opposite to a corresponding feeding pin 311, and the feeding line 33 is connected to the feeding pin 311 via the corresponding avoidance hole 2a.

[0030] In this embodiment, multiple feed lines 33 are routed separately to improve the stability of the vibrator unit. Specifically, in this solution, the radiation layer 31 has two feeding pins 311, and correspondingly, there are two avoidance holes 2a on the metal layer 2, and two groups of feed lines 33 are also provided. In addition, it should be understood that the radiation layer 31 is used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves.

[0031] In one embodiment, the auxiliary layer 32 includes an isolation layer 34 and a top layer 35 . The isolation layer 34 and the top layer 35 are sequentially stacked on the radiation layer 31 in a direction away from the metal layer 2 and connected to the metal layer 11 .

[0032] In this embodiment, an isolation layer 34 and a top layer 35 are provided at the same time. The isolation layer 34 prevents signal interference and protects antenna performance, and the top layer 35 plays a guiding role, adjusts the electromagnetic wave emission direction and related indicators, and improves antenna performance. It should be noted that the specific structure and principle of the isolation layer 34 and the top layer 35 are prior arts and will not be elaborated here.

[0033] In one embodiment, see Figure 6 The isolation layer 34 includes an isolation substrate 341 and a metal coating 342 . The metal coating 342 covers the surface of the isolation substrate 341 and has a groove 342 a .

[0034] In this embodiment, a groove 342a is opened on the isolation layer 34, and the isolation layer 34 is composed of a grooved fully covered metal. Specifically, the isolation groove is composed of a grooved fully covered copper layer to achieve a trapping effect, while improving the radiation efficiency, and can change the current distribution on the antenna surface, reducing the impact of electromagnetic interference on the antenna performance. By introducing additional resonance points, a stop band can be formed within a specific frequency band, thereby reducing the impact of external electromagnetic interference on the antenna performance.

[0035] In one embodiment, a plurality of grooves 342 a are provided, and the plurality of grooves 342 a are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the isolation layer 34 .

[0036] In this embodiment, a plurality of grooves 342 a are provided on the isolation layer 34 , wherein the plurality of grooves 342 a include straight-line, X-shaped and cross-shaped grooves, and the plurality of grooves 341 a are symmetrically distributed along the center line of the isolation layer 34 to improve the isolation effect of the isolation layer 34 .

[0037] In one embodiment, see Figure 7 The top layer 35 includes a top substrate 351, a first metal layer 352 and a plurality of second metal layers 353. The first metal layer 352 is disposed on the top substrate 351 and is centrally symmetrically arranged, and a plurality of notches 352a are spaced apart along its circumference. The plurality of second metal layers 353 are respectively disposed in the plurality of notches 352a.

[0038] In this embodiment, the top layer 35 is configured as the first metal layer 352 and the second metal layer 353 to improve the reflection effect of the top layer 35 as a metal foil plate on the antenna array and enhance the concentration and directional transmission of signals.

[0039] In one embodiment, the first metal layer 352 is arranged in a cross shape, the notch 352 a is formed between any two adjacent flanges of the first metal layer 352 , and the second metal layer 353 is arranged in a rectangular shape.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first metal layer 352 is arranged in a cross shape, and the second metal layer 353 is arranged at the notch 352a of the cross, which is relatively simple to manufacture. Specifically, in this solution, the second metal layer 353 is arranged in a square shape, and both the second metal layer 353 and the first metal layer 352 are made of copper.

[0041] In one embodiment, the vibrator unit further includes a cover body 4 , which is mounted on the base body 1 and covers an end of the installation channel 1 a away from the metal layer 2 .

[0042] In this embodiment, a cover body 4 is further provided to cover the vibrator body 3 in the installation channel 1a of the base 1, so as to prevent the vibrator body 3 from being directly exposed to the outside, and to serve as a protective layer for the vibrator body 3, so as to prevent the vibrator body 3 from being oxidized, attenuate the influence of ultraviolet rays on the printed circuit board, and prevent rain and snow erosion, thereby extending the service life of the vibrator body 3. It should be noted that the cover body 4 can be a cover plate without holes, a cover with a cavity, or a cover plate with holes. Specifically, in this solution, the cover body is a cover plate without holes.

[0043] In addition, the present invention also provides a base station antenna, which includes a vibrator unit as described in any one of the above items. It should be noted that the detailed structure of the vibrator unit of the base station antenna can refer to the above-mentioned embodiment of the vibrator unit, which will not be repeated here; since the above-mentioned vibrator unit is used in the base station antenna of the present invention, the embodiment of the base station antenna of the present invention includes all technical solutions of all embodiments of the above-mentioned vibrator unit, and the technical effects achieved are also exactly the same, which will not be repeated here.

[0044] In order to better understand the present invention, the following Figures 1 to 7 The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail: In this solution, the top layer 35 of the vibrator unit is composed of a cross-shaped metal copper layer and four small square metal copper layers; the isolation layer 34 is composed of a slotted full-coverage copper layer; the radiation layer 31 is composed of a nearly square metal copper layer and two feeding pins 311, wherein the ends of the two feeding pins 311 are connected to the feeder line 33 underneath; the metal ground layer 2 is a full-coverage metal copper layer, and the feeder line 33 is avoided; and the vibrator body 3 is surrounded by metallized vias to form a metal side wall, thereby reducing the coupling between the vibrators and improving the isolation between the vibrators; in addition, the multi-layer metal copper layer increases the height of the antenna vibrator while also adding additional structural features, which facilitates the improvement of the performance of the antenna.

[0045] The specific implementation of the present invention described above does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made based on the technical concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibrator unit, characterized in that: include: A substrate having a mounting channel, wherein a plurality of via holes are formed on an outer peripheral wall of the substrate, wherein the plurality of via holes are spaced apart and distributed along the circumference of the substrate, and a metal layer is provided on an inner wall of the via hole to form a metalized via hole; A metal ground layer, mounted on the substrate, located at one end of the mounting channel and connected to the metal layer; and The vibrator body includes a radiation layer, an auxiliary layer and a feeder line. The radiation layer and the auxiliary layer are arranged in the installation channel and are stacked in sequence in a direction away from the metal layer. The auxiliary layer is connected to the metal layer, and the feeder line is connected to the radiation layer for transmitting signals.

2. The vibrator unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation layer has a feeding pin, and the metal layer is provided with an avoidance hole corresponding to the feeding pin; The feed line is connected to the feed pin via the avoidance hole.

3. The vibrator unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are a plurality of feeding pins, and a plurality of avoidance holes and feeding lines are provided corresponding to the feeding pins. Each avoidance hole is directly opposite to the corresponding feeding pin, and the feeding line is connected to the feeding pin via the corresponding avoidance hole.

4. The vibrator unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary layer includes an isolation layer and a top layer. The isolation layer and the top layer are sequentially stacked on the radiation layer in a direction away from the metal layer and connected to the metal layer.

5. The vibrator unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The isolation layer comprises an isolation substrate and a metal coating. The metal coating covers the surface of the isolation substrate and has grooves.

6. The vibrator unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are a plurality of the grooves, and the plurality of the grooves are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the isolation layer.

7. The vibrator unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top layer includes a top substrate, a first metal layer and a plurality of second metal layers. The first metal layer is arranged on the top substrate and is centrally symmetrically arranged. A plurality of notches are arranged at intervals along its circumference. The plurality of second metal layers are respectively arranged in the plurality of notches.

8. The vibrator unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first metal layer is arranged in a cross shape, the notch is formed between any two adjacent flanges of the first metal layer, and the second metal layer is arranged in a rectangular shape.

9. The vibrator unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibrator unit further comprises a cover body, which is mounted on the base body and covers an end of the installation channel away from the metal stratum.

10. A base station antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vibrator unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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