Multi-polarization coupled feeding reconfigurable antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a multi-polarization coupled feed reconfigurable antenna, which comprises an upper dielectric circular plate, a middle dielectric circular plate, a lower dielectric circular plate and four feed probes, the upper-layer dielectric circular plate, the middle-layer dielectric circular plate and the lower-layer dielectric circular plate are sequentially arranged from top to bottom and are connected through four feed probes, and the middle-layer dielectric circular plate and the lower-layer dielectric circular plate are tightly connected through a bonding layer. According to the multi-polarization coupled feed reconfigurable antenna provided by the invention, efficient reconfiguration of polarization and a directional diagram is realized through precise design of components such as the multi-layer dielectric circular plate, the feed probe, the diode and the power divider, the resonant frequency and current distribution are adjusted by the upper dielectric circular plate, and stable control is ensured by constructing a direct current bias circuit in the middle layer; the multi-mode reconstruction of the directional diagram is realized at the lower layer, and the antenna has excellent performance and wide application potential in the fields of wireless communication and the like due to the fusion of the innovative structural characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding. Background Art

[0002] As a new type of antenna technology, reconfigurable antenna has been attracting much attention since it was proposed in the 1980s. Its core lies in changing the current distribution of the antenna by changing the antenna structure, so that the antenna can work in different modes. As the interference and threat of external electromagnetic waves to communication equipment increases, polarization reconfigurable antennas are gradually emerging. Traditional antennas can only work in one mode and cannot meet the multi-mode requirements of modern communications. Polarization reconfigurable antennas can switch the antenna polarization mode in real time according to the communication environment, achieve polarization diversity, reduce polarization mismatch loss and multipath loss, and thus improve communication quality. In addition, polarization reconfigurable antennas can also achieve frequency reuse, greatly increasing the communication capacity of the system. More importantly, one polarization reconfigurable antenna can replace multiple traditional antennas, thereby significantly reducing the cost of the system. However, polarization reconfigurable antennas also face some technical challenges. Their size is mainly determined by the feeding network, radiating patches and parasitic patches. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring the normal switching and operation of multiple modes, the miniaturization of the reconfigurable antenna requires the simultaneous optimization of the structure of the radiating patch, parasitic patch and feeding network. In addition, since the polarization reconfigurable antenna needs to realize the functions of four linear polarizations and two circular polarizations on the same antenna, the feeding network is relatively complex. Ensuring the impedance matching and consistency of the working bandwidth in each mode is a major difficulty in realizing the polarization reconfigurable antenna. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems faced by the above-mentioned polarization reconfigurable antenna in the implementation process, especially the miniaturization of the antenna, the realization of multiple polarization modes, and the complexity and impedance matching of the feeding network. To this end, the present invention provides a reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupled feeding.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention proposes a reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding, comprising an upper dielectric circular plate, an intermediate dielectric circular plate, a lower dielectric circular plate and four feeding probes; the upper dielectric circular plate, the intermediate dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate are arranged in sequence from top to bottom and connected through four feeding probes, the intermediate dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate are also tightly connected through an adhesive layer, a gap is arranged between the upper dielectric circular plate and the intermediate dielectric circular plate, and the central axes of the upper dielectric circular plate, the intermediate dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate are all arranged to coincide; Among them, also include: Four circular patches for coupling and feeding, a radiation patch for coupling with the circular patch and adjusting the resonant frequency, and four parasitic patches for adjusting impedance matching are printed on the top of the upper dielectric circular plate. The radiation patch is arranged on the top of the upper dielectric circular plate, and the central axis of the radiation patch coincides with the central axis of the upper dielectric circular plate; The radiation patch is in a square shape, and its four corners are rounded to form four inwardly concave rounded corners, and the inwardly concave rounded corners are of the same size; The centers of the four inwardly concave fillets are respectively connected to upper diodes, the upper diodes are connected to upper metal columns, and the upper metal columns penetrate the upper dielectric circular plate; The middle of the four sides of the radiation patch are inwardly concave with grooves for placing circular patches; Four circular patches for coupling and feeding are placed in the above grooves respectively and do not touch each other; the circular patches are in the shape of a circle and a rectangle integrated together, the rectangle shape is closest to the center direction of the radiation patch, and the circular shape is connected to the feeding probe; Four parasitic patches for adjusting impedance matching are arranged around the radiation patch, and are respectively arranged parallel to and at equal intervals with the four sides of the radiation patch; the parasitic patch is in a trapezoidal shape, the upper base of the trapezoid is arranged parallel to the side length of the radiation patch, and the upper base of the trapezoid is closest to the radiation patch; The top of the middle layer dielectric circular plate is provided with a front end special-shaped pad, a middle section rectangular pad, an end rectangular pad and a side end rectangular pad; the front end special-shaped pad, the middle section rectangular pad and the end rectangular pad are arranged in a straight line; The front-end special-shaped pad is in an I-shaped shape, one end of the front-end special-shaped pad is connected to a lower metal column at the bottom, and the other end is connected to a middle rectangular pad through an intermediate layer diode; The end of the middle rectangular pad is connected to the end rectangular pad via a capacitor; The side of the middle rectangular pad is connected to the side rectangular pad through an inductor; The top of the terminal rectangular pad is connected to the upper metal column connecting column; The lower metal column penetrates through the middle dielectric circular plate, and the adhesive layer is connected to the lower dielectric circular plate; A directional pattern reconstruction structure for realizing antenna directional pattern reconstruction is provided at the bottom of the lower dielectric circular plate; The directional pattern reconstruction structure includes a first Wilkinson power divider, a second Wilkinson power divider, a first power divider diode, an isolating resistor, a second power divider diode, a first reconstructed microstrip line, a second reconstructed microstrip line, a third reconstructed microstrip line, a fourth reconstructed microstrip line, four summary diodes, a feeding column, a square microstrip line, a first front section rectangular microstrip line, a second front section rectangular microstrip line, a third Wilkinson power divider, a fourth Wilkinson power divider, a first rear section rectangular microstrip line, a second rear section rectangular microstrip line and a third power divider diode; The square microstrip line is arranged at the bottom of the lower dielectric circular plate through a feeding column, and the central axes of the feeding column, the square microstrip line and the lower dielectric circular plate are all arranged to coincide with each other; The first Wilkinson power divider, the second Wilkinson power divider, the third Wilkinson power divider and the fourth Wilkinson power divider are each provided with two side branches and a middle branch located between the two side branches; The two side branches of the first Wilkinson power divider and the third Wilkinson power divider have the same shape and are symmetrically arranged about the transverse central axis of the middle branch; The two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider and the fourth Wilkinson power divider have the same shape and are symmetrically arranged about the vertical center axis of the middle branch; The two side branches are connected via a disconnecting resistor, and the two side branches are relatively inwardly recessed and connected with a middle branch; One end of the four summing diodes is respectively connected to the middle of the four sides of the square microstrip line, and the other ends of the four summing diodes are respectively connected to the middle branch ends of the first Wilkinson power divider, the second Wilkinson power divider, the third Wilkinson power divider, and the fourth Wilkinson power divider; The second Wilkinson power divider and the fourth Wilkinson power divider are symmetrically arranged with respect to the transverse diameter of the lower dielectric circular plate; The ends and sides of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider and the fourth Wilkinson power divider are both connected with a third power divider diode; The side branch end of the first Wilkinson power divider is connected to one end of the first front-end rectangular microstrip line through the first power divider diode, and the other end of the first front-end rectangular microstrip line is connected to the first rear-end rectangular microstrip line through the first power divider diode; One end of the fourth reconstructed microstrip line is connected to the side of the first front-end rectangular microstrip line through the first power divider diode, and the other end is connected to the third power divider diode on the ends of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider or the fourth Wilkinson power divider; One end of the first reconstructed microstrip line is connected to the side of the first rear-stage rectangular microstrip line through the first power divider, and the other end is connected to the third power divider diode on the side of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider or the fourth Wilkinson power divider; The side branch end of the third Wilkinson power divider is connected to one end of the second front-end rectangular microstrip line through the second power divider diode, and the other end of the second front-end rectangular microstrip line is connected to the second rear-end rectangular microstrip line through the second power divider diode; One end of the third reconstructed microstrip line is connected to the side of the second front-end rectangular microstrip line through the second power divider diode, and the other end is connected to the third power divider diode on the ends of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider or the fourth Wilkinson power divider; One end of the second reconstructed microstrip line is connected to the side of the second rear rectangular microstrip line through the second power divider, and the other end is connected to the third power divider diode on the side of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider or the fourth Wilkinson power divider; The lengths of the first reconstructed microstrip line, the second reconstructed microstrip line, the third reconstructed microstrip line and the fourth reconstructed microstrip line follow an arithmetic progression rule and increase by one quarter of a wavelength one by one.

[0005] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the intermediate layer diode, capacitor and inductor are all welded to the top of the intermediate layer dielectric circular plate.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the first Wilkinson power divider, the second Wilkinson power divider, the third Wilkinson power divider, and the fourth Wilkinson power divider are all integrally formed.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the upper dielectric circular plate, the middle dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate are all cylindrical structures, the radius of the upper dielectric circular plate is 10 mm smaller than the radius of the middle dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate; the radii of the middle dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate are the same.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the upper dielectric circular plate, the middle dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate are all made of Wangling F4BM220 material.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the feeding probe, the upper metal column and the lower metal column are all cylindrical in shape and are made of copper.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the diode models of the upper layer diode, the middle layer diode, the first power divider diode, the second power divider diode, the summing diode, and the third power divider diode are all Infineon BAR5002V.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a metal layer is also attached to the upper surface of the adhesive layer, the metal layer is provided with a circular groove, the feeding probe passes through the circular groove, and the diameter of the circular groove is twice the circular diameter of the feeding probe.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the position of the terminal rectangular pad is vertically aligned with the gap between two adjacent parasitic patches.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the antenna of the present invention is composed of an upper dielectric circular plate, a middle dielectric circular plate, and a lower dielectric circular plate from top to bottom, which are closely connected by a feeding probe to form a stable and efficient overall structure. On the upper dielectric circular plate, the well-designed circular patch and the radiation patch cooperate with each other to effectively adjust the resonant frequency and optimize the current distribution. At the same time, the setting of the trapezoidal parasitic patch further improves the impedance matching and radiation performance of the antenna; On the intermediate dielectric circular plate, the front-end special-shaped pad, the middle-section rectangular pad, the end rectangular pad and the side rectangular pad are cleverly arranged. Through the precise connection of circuit components such as capacitors, inductors and diodes, a powerful DC bias circuit is constructed. This circuit not only ensures the stable control of the diode switching state, but also effectively reduces the interference of DC signals on RF signals through filtering and DC isolation components. The lower dielectric circular plate bears the heavy responsibility of reconstructing the radiation pattern structure. The clever combination of the Wilkinson power divider, reconstructed microstrip line and diode enables the antenna to form diverse current paths according to different diode switching states, thereby realizing multi-mode reconstruction of the antenna radiation pattern. The fusion of these innovative structural features enables the antenna to demonstrate excellent performance and application potential in the fields of wireless communications and radar detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the directional pattern reconstruction structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a side structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient simulation result of the reconfigurable antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention working in the linear polarization mode (taking the PIN1 direction as an example); Figure 6 is an actual gain radiation pattern of the reconfigurable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention working in a linear polarization mode (taking the PIN1 direction as an example); Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient simulation result of the reconfigurable antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention working in the linear polarization mode (taking left-hand circular polarization as an example); Figure 8 is an actual gain radiation pattern of the reconfigurable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention working in a linear polarization mode (taking left-hand circular polarization as an example); Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a simulation of the axial ratio of a reconfigurable antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention working in a linear polarization mode (taking left-hand circular polarization as an example); Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure numerals: 1-circular patch; 2-feed probe; 3-radiation patch; 4-parasitic patch; 5-upper metal column; 6-upper diode; 7-upper dielectric circular plate; 8-middle dielectric circular plate; 9-front special-shaped pad; 10-middle diode; 11-middle rectangular pad; 12-capacitor; 13-end rectangular pad; 14-side rectangular pad; 15-inductor; 16-lower metal column; 17-adhesive layer; 18-lower dielectric circular plate; 19-directional pattern reconstruction structure; 191-first Wilkinson power divider; 192-second Wilkinson power divider; 193-first power divider diode; 19 4-isolating resistor; 195-second power divider diode; 196-first reconstructed microstrip line; 197-second reconstructed microstrip line; 198-third reconstructed microstrip line; 199-fourth reconstructed microstrip line; 1911-aggregating diode; 1912-feeding pole; 1913-square microstrip line; 1914-first front section rectangular microstrip line; 1915-second front section rectangular microstrip line; 1916-third Wilkinson power divider; 1917-fourth Wilkinson power divider; 1918-third power divider diode; 1919-first rear section rectangular microstrip line; 1920-second rear section rectangular microstrip line; z-metal layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding, comprising an upper dielectric circular plate, an intermediate dielectric circular plate, a lower dielectric circular plate and four feeding probes; the upper dielectric circular plate, the intermediate dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate are arranged in sequence from top to bottom and connected through four feeding probes, the intermediate dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate are also tightly connected through an adhesive layer, and a gap is set between the upper dielectric circular plate and the intermediate dielectric circular plate ( Figure 4 As shown in the figure), the central axes of the upper dielectric circular plate, the middle dielectric circular plate, and the lower dielectric circular plate are all arranged to coincide with each other; Among them, also include: Figure 3 As shown, four circular patches for coupling and feeding, a radiation patch for coupling with the circular patch and adjusting the resonant frequency, and four parasitic patches for adjusting impedance matching are printed on the top of the upper dielectric circular plate. The radiation patch is arranged on the top of the upper dielectric circular plate, and the central axis of the radiation patch coincides with the central axis of the upper dielectric circular plate; The radiation patch is in a square shape, and its four corners are rounded to form four inwardly concave rounded corners, and the inwardly concave rounded corners are of the same size; The centers of the four inwardly concave fillets are respectively connected to upper diodes, the upper diodes are connected to upper metal columns, and the upper metal columns penetrate the upper dielectric circular plate; The middle of the four sides of the radiation patch are inwardly concave with grooves for placing circular patches; Four circular patches for coupling and feeding are placed in the above grooves respectively and do not touch each other; the circular patches are in the shape of a circle and a rectangle integrated together, the rectangle shape is closest to the center direction of the radiation patch, and the circular shape is connected to the feeding probe; Four parasitic patches for adjusting impedance matching are arranged around the radiation patch, and are respectively arranged parallel to and at equal intervals with the four sides of the radiation patch; the parasitic patch is in a trapezoidal shape, the upper base of the trapezoid is arranged parallel to the side length of the radiation patch, and the upper base of the trapezoid is closest to the radiation patch; The top of the middle layer dielectric circular plate is provided with a front end special-shaped pad, a middle section rectangular pad, an end rectangular pad and a side end rectangular pad; the front end special-shaped pad, the middle section rectangular pad and the end rectangular pad are arranged in a straight line; The front-end special-shaped pad is in an I-shaped shape, one end of the front-end special-shaped pad is connected to a lower metal column at the bottom, and the other end is connected to a middle rectangular pad through an intermediate layer diode; The end of the middle rectangular pad is connected to the end rectangular pad via a capacitor; The side of the middle rectangular pad is connected to the side rectangular pad through an inductor; The top of the terminal rectangular pad is connected to the upper metal column connecting column; The lower metal column penetrates through the middle dielectric circular plate, and the adhesive layer is connected to the lower dielectric circular plate; The bottom of the lower dielectric circular plate is provided with a pattern reconstruction structure for realizing antenna pattern reconstruction ( Figure 2 shown); The directional pattern reconstruction structure includes a first Wilkinson power divider, a second Wilkinson power divider, a first power divider diode, an isolating resistor, a second power divider diode, a first reconstructed microstrip line, a second reconstructed microstrip line, a third reconstructed microstrip line, a fourth reconstructed microstrip line, four summary diodes, a feeding column, a square microstrip line, a first front section rectangular microstrip line, a second front section rectangular microstrip line, a third Wilkinson power divider, a fourth Wilkinson power divider, a first rear section rectangular microstrip line, a second rear section rectangular microstrip line and a third power divider diode; The square microstrip line is arranged at the bottom of the lower dielectric circular plate through a feeding column, and the central axes of the feeding column, the square microstrip line and the lower dielectric circular plate are all arranged to coincide with each other; The first Wilkinson power divider, the second Wilkinson power divider, the third Wilkinson power divider and the fourth Wilkinson power divider are each provided with two side branches and a middle branch located between the two side branches; The two side branches of the first Wilkinson power divider and the third Wilkinson power divider have the same shape and are symmetrically arranged about the transverse central axis of the middle branch; The two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider and the fourth Wilkinson power divider have the same shape and are symmetrically arranged about the vertical center axis of the middle branch; The two side branches are connected via a disconnecting resistor, and the two side branches are relatively inwardly recessed and connected with a middle branch; One end of the four summing diodes is respectively connected to the middle of the four sides of the square microstrip line, and the other ends of the four summing diodes are respectively connected to the middle branch ends of the first Wilkinson power divider, the second Wilkinson power divider, the third Wilkinson power divider, and the fourth Wilkinson power divider; The second Wilkinson power divider and the fourth Wilkinson power divider are symmetrically arranged with respect to the transverse diameter of the lower dielectric circular plate; The ends and sides of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider and the fourth Wilkinson power divider are both connected with a third power divider diode; The side branch end of the first Wilkinson power divider is connected to one end of the first front-end rectangular microstrip line through the first power divider diode, and the other end of the first front-end rectangular microstrip line is connected to the first rear-end rectangular microstrip line through the first power divider diode; One end of the fourth reconstructed microstrip line is connected to the side of the first front-end rectangular microstrip line through the first power divider diode, and the other end is connected to the third power divider diode on the ends of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider or the fourth Wilkinson power divider; One end of the first reconstructed microstrip line is connected to the side of the first rear-stage rectangular microstrip line through the first power divider, and the other end is connected to the third power divider diode on the side of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider or the fourth Wilkinson power divider; The side branch end of the third Wilkinson power divider is connected to one end of the second front-end rectangular microstrip line through the second power divider diode, and the other end of the second front-end rectangular microstrip line is connected to the second rear-end rectangular microstrip line through the second power divider diode; One end of the third reconstructed microstrip line is connected to the side of the second front-end rectangular microstrip line through the second power divider diode, and the other end is connected to the third power divider diode on the ends of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider or the fourth Wilkinson power divider; One end of the second reconstructed microstrip line is connected to the side of the second rear rectangular microstrip line through the second power divider, and the other end is connected to the third power divider diode on the side of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider or the fourth Wilkinson power divider; The lengths of the first reconstructed microstrip line, the second reconstructed microstrip line, the third reconstructed microstrip line and the fourth reconstructed microstrip line follow an arithmetic progression rule and increase by one quarter of a wavelength one by one.

[0017] The middle layer diode, capacitor and inductor are all welded on the top of the middle layer dielectric circular plate.

[0018] Among them, the first Wilkinson power divider, the second Wilkinson power divider, the third Wilkinson power divider, and the fourth Wilkinson power divider are all integrally formed.

[0019] Among them, the upper dielectric circular plate, the middle dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate are all cylindrical structures, the radius of the upper dielectric circular plate is 10 mm smaller than the radius of the middle dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate; the radii of the middle dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate are the same.

[0020] Among them, the upper dielectric circular plate, the middle dielectric circular plate and the lower dielectric circular plate are all made of Wangling F4BM220 material, which is convenient for assembly and pressing of the plates.

[0021] Among them, the feeding probe, the upper metal column and the lower metal column are all cylindrical in shape and made of copper, ensuring good conductive performance.

[0022] The diode models of the upper diode, the middle diode, the first power divider diode, the second power divider diode, the summing diode and the third power divider diode are all Infineon BAR5002V; this diode has the characteristics of high performance and low loss, and is very suitable for the reconfigurable design of the antenna.

[0023] A metal layer is attached to the upper surface of the adhesive layer. The metal layer is provided with a circular groove. The feeding probe passes through the circular groove. The diameter of the circular groove is twice the diameter of the feeding probe to avoid the influence of the floor on the antenna matching.

[0024] The position of the terminal rectangular pad is vertically aligned with the gap between two adjacent parasitic patches; the flow direction of the current on the surface of the radiation patch is changed by the upper metal column.

[0025] Working principle: The multi-polarization coupled feeding reconfigurable antenna proposed in the present invention realizes the reconfigurability of antenna polarization and radiation pattern through the coordinated work of components such as multi-layer dielectric circular plates, feeding probes, diodes and power dividers. The antenna is composed of an upper dielectric circular plate, a middle dielectric circular plate and a lower dielectric circular plate from top to bottom, which are connected by feeding probes to form an overall structure. Different circuit elements are printed on each layer of dielectric circular plates, which work together to control the performance of the antenna; wherein, Circular patch and radiating patch: Four circular patches and radiating patches are printed on the top of the upper dielectric circular plate; the circular patch is used as a coupling feeding structure to couple with the radiating patch to adjust the resonant frequency; the center of the radiating patch is aligned with the upper dielectric circular plate, and the four corners are rounded to form rounded corners for adjusting the current distribution; Parasitic patch: A trapezoidal parasitic patch arranged around the radiating patch to adjust impedance matching and optimize antenna performance; Upper diode and upper metal column: The centers of the four concave fillets are connected to the upper diode, which penetrates the upper dielectric disc through the upper metal column and is connected to the middle dielectric disc. The state of the upper diode (on or off) can be controlled by a DC bias circuit, thereby changing the current flow direction, affecting the current distribution on the surface of the radiation patch, and realizing the reconfiguration of polarization or direction diagram; Pads and circuit components: The middle layer dielectric circular plate is provided with a front-end special-shaped pad, a middle rectangular pad, an end rectangular pad and a side rectangular pad, which are connected through capacitors, inductors, diodes and other components to form a DC bias circuit (in the DC bias circuit, the inductor is selected with an inductance value of 27mH, which is connected in parallel to the DC bias circuit; the capacitor is selected with a capacitance value of 43pF, which is connected in series to the DC bias circuit; they play the role of filtering and DC isolation respectively) to control the switching state of the upper diode; DC bias circuit: Through capacitor filtering and inductor isolation, the influence of DC signal on RF signal is minimized. The rectangular pad at the end is connected to the upper metal column to realize the transmission of current between the upper and lower layers. Directional pattern reconstruction structure: A directivity pattern reconstruction structure is provided at the bottom of the lower dielectric circular plate, including a Wilkinson power divider, a reconstructed microstrip line, a diode, etc. The Wilkinson power divider is used for power distribution, and the reconstructed microstrip line changes the current path through the switching state of the diode to achieve the reconfiguration of the directivity pattern; Wilkinson power divider: Four Wilkinson power dividers control the on and off of the microstrip line through diodes to form different current paths, thereby changing the radiation pattern of the antenna. In addition, the diodes are the first power divider diode, the second power divider diode, the summary diode, and the third power divider diode, which can be equivalent to a 20kΩ resistor and a 0.03pF capacitor in parallel when cut off, and can be equivalent to a 5Ω resistor when turned on; Reconstructing microstrip lines and diodes: The length of the reconstructed microstrip lines follows the law of arithmetic progression, increasing by a quarter wavelength at a time. Through the switching state of the diode, the directional pattern reconstruction in different modes is achieved; Polarization reconfiguration: By controlling the switching state of the diode on the upper dielectric circular plate and changing the current distribution on the surface of the radiation patch, the polarization of the antenna can be reconfigured. By turning on a specific diode combination, left-hand or right-hand circular polarization can be achieved. Reconfigurable radiation pattern: The multi-mode reconstruction of the antenna radiation pattern is achieved through the Wilkinson power divider and reconstructed microstrip line on the lower dielectric circular plate, as well as the corresponding diode control. Different diode combinations are turned on to form different current paths, thereby changing the radiation pattern of the antenna. DC bias and RF isolation: The DC bias circuit ensures stable transmission of the diode's control signal, while minimizing the impact on the RF signal through filtering and DC isolation components.

[0026] In the embodiment (such as Fig.10 , 11 As shown, the feeding probes are (2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, arranged counterclockwise), the upper diodes are (PIN1, PIN2, PIN3, PIN4), the middle diodes are (PIN5, PIN6, PIN7, PIN8)), the first power divider diode, the second power divider diode, the summary diode, and the third power divider diode are (PIN_K1~ PIN_K15); Example

[0027] In linear polarization, taking mode 1 as an example, mode 1 realizes the shift of the directivity pattern toward the PIN1 direction; PIN_K1 should be turned on to make it work in mode 1; at the same time, the corresponding diodes PIN_K5, PIN_K5_1, PIN_K9, PIN_K10, PIN_K11, and PIN_K14 are turned on, and all other diodes are turned off, so as to realize the function of mode 1 ( Figure 5 , Figure 6 It can be seen that the reflection coefficient simulation results and the actual gain radiation pattern); Mode 2, Mode 3, and Mode 4 are similar.

[0028] In circular polarization, taking the left-hand mode as an example, the antenna works in the left-hand circular polarization mode; the upper diodes are all cut off, and the corresponding diodes PIN_K1 and PIN_K4 are turned on to make it work in the left-hand mode; at the same time, the corresponding diodes PIN_K5, PIN_K5_1, PIN_K6_3, PIN6_K6_4, PIN_K7_1, PIN_K8_1, PIN_K9, PIN_K10, PIN_K11, and PIN_K14 are turned on, and the other diodes are all cut off, thereby realizing the function of left-hand circular polarization ( Figure 7 , 8 , 9 shows the schematic diagram of reflection coefficient simulation results, actual gain radiation pattern, and axial ratio simulation at the operating frequency); the right-hand circular polarization working mode is similar.

[0029] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0030] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding, comprising an upper dielectric circular plate (7), an intermediate dielectric circular plate (8), a lower dielectric circular plate (18) and four feeding probes (2); the upper dielectric circular plate (7), the intermediate dielectric circular plate (8) and the lower dielectric circular plate (18) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom and connected through the four feeding probes (2); the intermediate dielectric circular plate (8) and the lower dielectric circular plate (18) are tightly connected through an adhesive layer (17); a gap is provided between the upper dielectric circular plate (7) and the intermediate dielectric circular plate (8); the central axes of the upper dielectric circular plate (7), the intermediate dielectric circular plate (8) and the lower dielectric circular plate (18) are all arranged to overlap; the characteristics are as follows: Also included are: Four circular patches (1) for coupling and feeding, a radiation patch (3) for coupling with the circular patch (1) and adjusting the resonant frequency, and four parasitic patches (4) for adjusting impedance matching are printed on the top of the upper dielectric circular plate (7). The radiation patch (3) is arranged on the top of the upper dielectric circular plate (7), and the central axis of the radiation patch (3) coincides with the central axis of the upper dielectric circular plate (7); The radiation patch (3) is in a square shape, and its four corners are rounded to form four inwardly concave rounded corners, and the inwardly concave rounded corners are of the same size; The centers of the four inwardly recessed rounded corners are respectively connected to an upper-layer diode (6), the upper-layer diode (6) is connected to an upper-layer metal column (5), and the upper-layer metal column (5) penetrates the upper-layer dielectric circular plate (7); The middle parts of the four sides of the radiation patch (3) are inwardly concave with grooves for placing the circular patch (1); Four circular patches (1) for coupling feeding are placed in the above grooves respectively and do not touch each other; the circular patch (1) is a shape in which a circle and a rectangle are arranged in one body, the rectangular shape is closest to the center direction of the radiation patch (3), and the circular shape is connected to the feeding probe (2); Four parasitic patches (4) for adjusting impedance matching are arranged around the radiation patch (3) and are respectively arranged parallel to and at equal intervals with the four sides of the radiation patch (3); the parasitic patch (4) is in a trapezoidal shape, the upper base of the trapezoid is arranged parallel to the side length of the radiation patch (3), and the upper base of the trapezoid is closest to the radiation patch (3); A front-end special-shaped pad (9), a middle-section rectangular pad (11), an end rectangular pad (13) and a side-end rectangular pad (14) are provided on the top of the middle-layer dielectric circular plate (8); the front-end special-shaped pad (9), the middle-section rectangular pad (11) and the end rectangular pad (13) are arranged in a straight line; The front end special-shaped pad (9) is in an I-shaped shape, one end of the front end special-shaped pad (9) is connected to a lower metal column (16) at the bottom, and the other end is connected to a middle rectangular pad (11) via an intermediate layer diode (10); The end of the middle rectangular pad (11) is connected to the end rectangular pad (13) via a capacitor (12); The side of the middle rectangular pad (11) is connected to the side rectangular pad (14) via an inductor (15); The top of the terminal rectangular pad (13) is connected to the connection column of the upper metal column (5); The lower metal column (16) penetrates the middle dielectric circular plate (8), the adhesive layer (17) and is connected to the lower dielectric circular plate (18); A directional pattern reconstruction structure (19) for realizing antenna directional pattern reconstruction is provided at the bottom of the lower dielectric circular plate (18); The directional pattern reconstruction structure (19) includes a first Wilkinson power divider (191), a second Wilkinson power divider (192), a first power divider diode (193), an isolating resistor (194), a second power divider diode (195), a first reconstructed microstrip line (196), a second reconstructed microstrip line (197), a third reconstructed microstrip line (198), a fourth reconstructed microstrip line (199), four aggregation diodes (1911), a feeding column (1912), a square microstrip line (1913), a first front section rectangular microstrip line (1914), a second front section rectangular microstrip line (1915), a third Wilkinson power divider (1916), a fourth Wilkinson power divider (1917), a first rear section rectangular microstrip line (1919), a second rear section rectangular microstrip line (1920), and a third power divider diode (1918); The square microstrip line (1913) is arranged at the bottom of the lower dielectric circular plate (18) through a feeding column (1912), and the central axes of the feeding column (1912), the square microstrip line (1913) and the lower dielectric circular plate (18) are all arranged to overlap; The first Wilkinson power divider (191), the second Wilkinson power divider (192), the third Wilkinson power divider (1916), and the fourth Wilkinson power divider (1917) are each provided with two side branches and a middle branch located between the two side branches; The two side branches of the first Wilkinson power divider (191) and the third Wilkinson power divider (1916) have the same shape and are symmetrically arranged about the transverse central axis of the middle branch; The two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider (192) and the fourth Wilkinson power divider (1917) have the same shape and are symmetrically arranged about the vertical center axis of the middle branch; The two side branches are connected via a disconnecting resistor (194), and the two side branches are relatively inwardly recessed and connected together with a middle branch; One end of the four summing diodes (1911) is respectively connected to the middle of the four sides of the square microstrip line (1913), and the other end of the four summing diodes (1911) is respectively connected to the middle branch ends of the first Wilkinson power divider (191), the second Wilkinson power divider (192), the third Wilkinson power divider (1916), and the fourth Wilkinson power divider (1917); The second Wilkinson power divider (192) and the fourth Wilkinson power divider (1917) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the transverse diameter of the lower dielectric circular plate (18); The ends and sides of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider (192) and the fourth Wilkinson power divider (1917) are both connected to a third power divider diode (1918); The side branch end of the first Wilkinson power divider (191) is connected to one end of the first front-segment rectangular microstrip line (1914) through the first power divider diode (193), and the other end of the first front-segment rectangular microstrip line (1914) is connected to the first rear-segment rectangular microstrip line (1919) through the first power divider diode (193); One end of the fourth reconstructed microstrip line (199) is connected to the side of the first front-end rectangular microstrip line (1914) through the first power divider diode (193), and the other end is connected to the third power divider diode (1918) on the ends of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider (192) or the fourth Wilkinson power divider (1917); One end of the first reconstructed microstrip line (196) is connected to the side of the first rear-end rectangular microstrip line (1919) through the first power divider, and the other end is connected to the third power divider diode (1918) on the side of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider (192) or the fourth Wilkinson power divider (1917); The side branch end of the third Wilkinson power divider (1916) is connected to one end of the second front-segment rectangular microstrip line (1915) through the second power divider diode (195), and the other end of the second front-segment rectangular microstrip line (1915) is connected to the second rear-segment rectangular microstrip line (1920) through the second power divider diode (195); One end of the third reconstructed microstrip line (198) is connected to the side of the second front-end rectangular microstrip line (1915) through the second power divider diode (195), and the other end is connected to the third power divider diode (1918) on the ends of the two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider (192) or the fourth Wilkinson power divider (1917); One end of the second reconstructed microstrip line (197) is connected to the side of the second rear rectangular microstrip line (1920) through a second power divider, and the other end is connected to a third power divider diode (1918) on the side of two side branches of the second Wilkinson power divider (192) or the fourth Wilkinson power divider (1917); The lengths of the first reconstructed microstrip line (196), the second reconstructed microstrip line (197), the third reconstructed microstrip line (198) and the fourth reconstructed microstrip line (199) follow an arithmetic progression rule and increase progressively by a quarter wavelength.

2. The reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intermediate layer diode (10), capacitor (12) and inductor (15) are all welded to the top of the intermediate layer dielectric circular plate.

3. The reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first Wilkinson power divider (191), the second Wilkinson power divider (192), the third Wilkinson power divider (1916), and the fourth Wilkinson power divider (1917) are all integrally formed.

4. The reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper dielectric circular plate (7), the middle dielectric circular plate (8), and the lower dielectric circular plate (18) are all cylindrical structures; the radius of the upper dielectric circular plate (7) is 10 mm smaller than the radius of the middle dielectric circular plate (8) and the lower dielectric circular plate (18); and the radii of the middle dielectric circular plate (8) and the lower dielectric circular plate (18) are the same.

5. The reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper dielectric circular plate (7), the middle dielectric circular plate (8), and the lower dielectric circular plate (18) are all made of Wangling F4BM220 material.

6. The reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding probe (2), the upper metal column (5), and the lower metal column (16) are all cylindrical in shape and are made of copper.

7. The reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diode models of the upper layer diode (6), the middle layer diode (10), the first power divider diode (193), the second power divider diode (195), the summing diode (1911), and the third power divider diode (1918) are all Infineon BAR5002V.

8. The reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: A metal layer is also attached to the upper surface of the adhesive layer (17), the metal layer being provided with a circular groove, the feeding probe (2) passing through the circular groove, the diameter of the circular groove being greater than 2 times the circular diameter of the feeding probe.

9. The reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization coupling feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The position of the terminal rectangular pad is vertically aligned with the gap between two adjacent parasitic patches.

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