Communication delay method and system based on 5G and block chain technologies

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of communication, and provides a communication delay method and system based on 5G and block chain technologies, and the method comprises the steps: dividing data generated in a 5G network into a plurality of fragments according to a geographic position, an equipment type or a service demand, and carrying out the parallel data processing and consensus verification of different fragments through employing a fragment block chain technology; a distributed edge computing technology is utilized to distribute a computing task to an edge node close to a user for processing, the edge node participates in a consensus process of the fragmented block chain, and data verification and confirmation are performed through a distributed account book; when data interaction needs to be carried out between different fragments, a cross-fragment communication protocol is used, and consistency and high efficiency of data are achieved through communication synchronization between the fragments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of communications, and in particular relates to a communication delay method and system based on 5G and blockchain technology. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G communication technology, 5G networks have been widely used in many fields such as autonomous driving, Internet of Things, smart cities and Industry 4.0 due to their high bandwidth, low latency and large-scale device connection capabilities. However, with the continuous increase in the number of devices and the complexity of application scenarios, 5G networks are facing the problems of increased data transmission pressure and communication delay. Especially in scenarios that require real-time response and high reliability, how to effectively reduce communication delay has become a key technical problem. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a communication delay method based on 5G and blockchain technology, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0004] Divide the data generated in the 5G network into multiple shards according to geographic location, device type or business needs, and use sharded blockchain technology to perform parallel data processing and consensus verification on different shards;

[0005] Using distributed edge computing technology, computing tasks are assigned to edge nodes close to users for processing. The edge nodes participate in the consensus process of the sharded blockchain and perform data verification and confirmation through distributed ledgers.

[0006] When data interaction is required between different shards, a cross-shard communication protocol is used to achieve data consistency and efficiency through communication synchronization between shards.

[0007] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a communication delay system based on 5G and blockchain technology, the system comprising the following modules:

[0008] Sharding module, which is used to divide the data generated in the 5G network into multiple shards according to geographic location, device type or business needs, and use sharding blockchain technology to perform parallel data processing and consensus verification on different shards;

[0009] The edge computing module is used to use distributed edge computing technology to distribute computing tasks to edge nodes close to users for processing. The edge nodes participate in the consensus process of the sharded blockchain and perform data verification and confirmation through distributed ledgers.

[0010] The cross-shard communication module is used when data interaction is required between different shards. It uses the cross-shard communication protocol to achieve data consistency and efficiency through communication synchronization between shards.

[0011] The communication delay method based on 5G and blockchain technology proposed in the present invention effectively reduces the delay in data transmission and processing by combining sharded blockchain and distributed edge computing technology, and solves the synchronization problem of cross-shard communication in sharded blockchain. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0012] Beneficial effects:

[0013] By allocating computing tasks in the 5G network to edge nodes close to users for processing, edge nodes can directly participate in the consensus process of the sharded blockchain, avoiding the need to transmit data remotely to a central server or other remote nodes for processing, greatly reducing data processing latency, and meeting application scenarios with high real-time requirements such as autonomous driving and smart healthcare.

[0014] Through sharded blockchain technology, the massive data in the 5G network is divided into multiple shards according to geographic location, device type or business needs. Sharded blockchain allows different shards to process their own data and transactions in parallel, greatly improving the system's concurrent processing capabilities and solving the problem of the difficulty of expanding a single blockchain system.

[0015] The cross-shard communication protocol proposed in the present invention can ensure data synchronization and transaction consistency between shards. Through the cooperation of the transaction management module and the consensus mechanism, cross-shard transactions can be completed safely and efficiently, ensuring the consistency and immutability of data, and avoiding data conflicts or security risks that may occur in cross-shard data interaction.

[0016] Through the dynamic computing task allocation mechanism of distributed edge computing nodes, the present invention can effectively balance the network load and avoid the bottleneck problem caused by excessive resource concentration. At the same time, through the smart contract technology of blockchain, edge nodes can dynamically allocate computing and storage resources in 5G networks to optimize resource utilization.

[0017] In summary, the present invention significantly improves the communication efficiency, system throughput and data processing capability of 5G networks by combining sharded blockchain technology with distributed edge computing technology, and ensures the consistency and security of cross-shard data. It is suitable for multiple application scenarios with high requirements for low latency and high real-time performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Below, the invention is preferably described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0021] This embodiment solves the above problem through the following steps:

[0022] In one embodiment, reference Figure 1 The present invention provides a communication delay method based on 5G and blockchain technology. Specifically, it combines the high bandwidth and low latency characteristics of the 5G network with the distributed ledger and consensus mechanism of the blockchain technology to reduce the delay in data transmission and optimize communication performance.

[0023] 5G, the fifth generation of mobile communication technology, is a new generation of mobile communication network after 4G, with the characteristics of high transmission rate, low latency, large-scale device connection and high reliability. Through the use of higher frequency bands and advanced multiple-input multiple-output antenna technology, 5G networks have achieved a transmission rate of several gigabits per second and reduced communication delays to milliseconds. They are widely used in fields that require high-speed and low-latency communications, such as the Internet of Things, autonomous driving, and smart cities.

[0024] Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger technology that ensures data security, consistency, and immutability through a consensus mechanism. Each node in the blockchain system maintains a complete copy of the data, which is transmitted through a distributed network, and all nodes participate in data verification and recording. Common blockchain consensus mechanisms include proof of work (PoW), proof of stake (PoS), and Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT). Blockchain technology is widely used in many fields such as finance, logistics, and smart contracts.

[0025] Communication delay refers to the time it takes for a data packet to be sent from the sender to the receiver, which is usually composed of transmission delay, processing delay and queuing delay. In application scenarios with high real-time requirements, such as autonomous driving and telemedicine, reducing communication delay is crucial. 5G networks significantly reduce data transmission time through their low-latency characteristics, but combined with blockchain technology, the verification and processing time in the data transmission process can be further optimized, thereby further reducing the overall delay.

[0026] The present invention combines 5G networks with blockchain technology to provide a method that can significantly reduce communication delays and improve data transmission security. It is suitable for application scenarios that require high speed, low latency and high security, such as the Internet of Things, autonomous driving, smart manufacturing and smart cities. Specifically, the method of the present invention is implemented through the following steps:

[0027] The data generated in the 5G network is divided into multiple shards according to geographic location, device type or business needs, and sharded blockchain technology is used to perform parallel data processing and consensus verification on different shards.

[0028] In the present invention, the data generated in the 5G network is divided into multiple slices. Specifically, the basis of the slices may include but is not limited to the following dimensions:

[0029] Geographical sharding: Data is divided into different shards based on geographical location according to the different 5G network coverage areas. For example, in smart city applications, the entire city can be divided into different areas, such as the North District, South District, East District, and West District. The data in each area can form an independent shard and be processed in parallel. The advantage of this is that the shards in each area can run independently, reducing the load of global network processing, and can also be optimized according to the network conditions in different areas.

[0030] For example, in an intelligent transportation system, a city's traffic monitoring data can be divided by region. Assuming a city is divided into four regions: east, west, south, and north, the data generated by traffic cameras, vehicle sensors, and other devices in the east region will be classified into the east region segment, and the data generated by devices in the south region will be classified into the south region segment. The data of each segment is processed through local edge computing and segmented blockchain.

[0031] Device type sharding: Sharding is done based on the device type in the 5G network. For example, different types of IoT devices may have different data requirements and processing priorities. Devices with high bandwidth requirements (such as high-definition video surveillance equipment) can be divided into one shard, and devices with low bandwidth requirements (such as environmental sensors) can be divided into another shard, and processed separately to improve network efficiency.

[0032] For example, in a smart factory, high-precision machine vision systems and ordinary sensors may generate different data types. By dividing the output data of the high-precision machine vision system into one shard and the data of low-bandwidth devices such as temperature and humidity sensors into another shard, the bottleneck of high-precision data processing can be reduced.

[0033] Business demand sharding: Data is divided into multiple shards according to the different data requirements of different business scenarios. For example, the data generated by autonomous driving vehicles and the data requirements in smart homes are completely different. In this case, autonomous driving data can be divided into high-priority shards, while smart home data can be divided into regular priority shards, so as to optimize processing for different requirements.

[0034] For example, in intelligent traffic management, real-time data of autonomous vehicles (such as speed, location, and route planning) can be classified into high-priority shards because these data require low-latency processing, while non-real-time data of smart parking systems (such as parking status) can be classified into low-priority shards because these data have lower latency requirements.

[0035] When using sharded blockchain technology to perform parallel data processing and consensus verification on different shards, it is achieved through the following steps:

[0036] Data processing for each shard:

[0037] In a sharded blockchain network, each shard processes data within its own scope independently. The nodes of each shard are responsible for receiving, processing and recording real-time data from 5G devices or terminals. This data can include the operating status of the device, real-time information from sensors, or transaction data requested by users. The data processing process of each shard is parallel, so the data of different shards will not affect each other, greatly improving the throughput and response speed of the system.

[0038] The nodes of each shard receive real-time data sent by devices or terminals within the shard range. After receiving the data, the node will perform preliminary classification based on the type and priority of the data.

[0039] The node processes the received data, including data analysis, status update or execution of smart contracts. For data generated by IoT devices, processing may involve monitoring and responding to device status; for financial transaction scenarios, processing may involve account balance verification and transaction confirmation.

[0040] Consensus verification within the shard:

[0041] In each shard, the nodes will verify and confirm the processed data through the consensus mechanism of the shard blockchain. The choice of consensus mechanism can be flexibly determined according to the specific needs and resource conditions of the shard. Common consensus mechanisms include Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT). This consensus process ensures the consistency and security of data within the shard.

[0042] The nodes in each shard package the processed data into blocks and prepare to submit them to other nodes in the network for verification.

[0043] The nodes verify the newly generated blocks through the consensus mechanism to ensure that the data in the blocks has not been tampered with and complies with the consistency rules of the blockchain. The DPoS mechanism can quickly complete data verification through the elected representative nodes, while the PBFT mechanism ensures data security through the collaborative work of multiple nodes.

[0044] Once the nodes in a shard reach a consensus, that is, confirming that the data in the block is legal and consistent, the block will be officially added to the blockchain of that shard, and each participating node will update its own copy of the ledger.

[0045] Data storage and ledger updates:

[0046] After data processing and consensus verification within each shard are completed, all nodes will record the new data block in their ledgers. The distributed ledger technology of the blockchain ensures that all nodes have a consistent copy of the ledger, avoiding the risk of data loss or tampering. At the same time, the ledger update of each shard can be carried out independently, greatly improving the parallel processing capability of the system.

[0047] Each node within a shard maintains a complete copy of the blockchain ledger. When a new data block is added to the blockchain, all nodes will record the block in the ledger.

[0048] Since the shards in the sharded blockchain network operate independently, the ledger update of each shard does not need to wait for the synchronization of other shards, which further improves the responsiveness and efficiency of the system.

[0049] Through sharding blockchain technology, each shard can independently run its consensus verification mechanism and process data from different shards in parallel. This not only improves the concurrent data processing capability, but also allows the flexible selection of consensus algorithms according to specific business needs, further reducing overall communication delays.

[0050] In addition, the structure of the sharded blockchain makes it unnecessary to fully synchronize data between different shards. Limited data interaction and synchronization are only required in the scenario of cross-shard communication, thereby reducing the load of data verification and transmission and further reducing latency.

[0051] Using distributed edge computing technology, computing tasks are assigned to edge nodes close to users for processing. The edge nodes participate in the consensus process of the sharded blockchain and perform data verification and confirmation through distributed ledgers.

[0052] Distributed edge computing refers to performing some computing tasks at physical nodes (i.e. edge nodes) close to end users to reduce data transmission delays and network loads. Unlike traditional cloud computing architectures, edge computing nodes are located at the edge of the network, such as base stations, routers, access points, etc. They can process large amounts of data locally without transmitting them to central servers. In this way, the time delay caused by data transmission during the computing process can be greatly reduced, especially in 5G networks. The computing power of edge nodes can effectively process real-time data generated by a large number of devices.

[0053] The present invention uses distributed edge computing technology to distribute computing tasks to the edge nodes closest to the user for processing according to the user's geographical location, device type and business needs. The distribution process of computing tasks is dynamic, that is, the system automatically adjusts the distribution of tasks according to the network load, the computing power of the edge nodes and the specific needs of the user to ensure that while maintaining high-efficiency processing, network resources are balanced and bottlenecks caused by load concentration are reduced.

[0054] For example, in an autonomous driving scenario, the sensor data (such as location, speed, etc.) of vehicles on the road can be dynamically assigned to the edge node closest to the vehicle for processing. Since these edge nodes are close to the data source, the data can be transmitted to the edge node with low latency and local computing analysis can be performed, such as collision warning, route optimization, etc., without transmitting the data to a remote data center.

[0055] The edge nodes not only undertake computing tasks, but also participate in the consensus process of the sharded blockchain. As part of the blockchain shard, each edge node is responsible for receiving, processing and verifying data from terminal devices. These edge nodes ensure the authenticity and immutability of data by participating in consensus mechanisms such as Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) or Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithms. Since edge nodes are closer to the data source, data verification and consensus confirmation can be performed more quickly, reducing the delay in communication and consensus between nodes in traditional blockchain networks.

[0056] For example, in the traffic management system of a smart city, edge nodes participate in blockchain sharding by processing real-time traffic data and consensus verification. Assume that the traffic monitoring data of a certain area in the city is distributed to multiple edge nodes in the area. These edge nodes serve as verification nodes of the blockchain network and verify and record traffic data through the PBFT consensus mechanism, thereby ensuring the credibility of the data and improving the data processing speed.

[0057] When edge nodes participate in the consensus process, they verify the received data according to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain to ensure that the data has not been tampered with or forged. The verification process relies on the historical records in the distributed ledger. Each edge node will compare the existing ledger information when processing new data. Once multiple edge nodes reach a consensus, the data block can be added to the ledger of the sharded blockchain to complete the confirmation and recording of the data.

[0058] For example, in the smart medical system, the patient's health monitoring data is collected and processed by edge nodes, and these data need to be verified by consensus through multiple edge nodes in the sharded blockchain. Each edge node verifies the authenticity and accuracy of the current monitoring data based on the historical data of the blockchain. Once a consensus is reached, the data will be securely recorded in the blockchain ledger, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent medical analysis.

[0059] In the present invention, the ledger of the sharded blockchain is maintained by multiple edge nodes. Each edge node has a copy of the complete or partial sharded blockchain ledger, ensuring that the integrity of the data can be guaranteed even if an individual node fails. When the new data is verified, the edge node will synchronize the new data to other nodes in the sharded blockchain to ensure the consistency of the ledger.

[0060] Data verification and confirmation process:

[0061] Data reception: The edge node first receives data from terminal devices, such as data generated by smart home sensors, autonomous driving vehicles, etc.

[0062] Data verification: Edge nodes process data locally and verify the source, integrity, and consistency of the data based on historical records in the blockchain ledger.

[0063] Consensus reached: Multiple edge nodes verify the same data block through the consensus mechanism, and after reaching a consensus, record the data block in the blockchain ledger.

[0064] Ledger synchronization: After completing data confirmation, the edge node broadcasts the newly generated data block to other nodes of the sharded blockchain to ensure the update and consistency of the ledger.

[0065] For example, in a smart logistics system, logistics vehicles generate real-time location information and cargo status data during transportation. The data is first distributed to edge nodes close to the vehicle for processing and verification. These edge nodes are confirmed by consensus through sharded blockchains, and each node verifies the integrity and authenticity of the data. Once verified, the logistics information will be recorded in the blockchain ledger and synchronized to other edge nodes. In this way, logistics companies and customers can view the accuracy of the data and the status of the goods in real time, and this information has the characteristics of being tamper-proof.

[0066] When data interaction is required between different shards, a cross-shard communication protocol is used to achieve data consistency and efficiency through communication synchronization between shards.

[0067] In the present invention, the cross-shard communication protocol is a protocol for coordinating data interaction, verification and synchronization between different shard blockchains, aiming to solve the data consistency problem that may arise when each shard in the shard blockchain processes data independently. In the present invention, the cross-shard communication protocol ensures that data between different shards can be efficiently and securely transmitted through a series of communication rules and synchronization mechanisms, and ensures the data consistency and integrity of cross-shard operations.

[0068] The cross-shard communication protocol consists of:

[0069] Communication channel between shards: Each shard blockchain processes its own data independently, and communicates and interacts with each other through the cross-shard communication channel. This channel establishes a secure and reliable communication link between different shards to ensure that data can flow seamlessly. The establishment of the cross-shard communication channel relies on secure encryption protocols (such as TLS / SSL) to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of cross-shard data transmission.

[0070] For example, in an autonomous vehicle management system, when a vehicle drives from the east area to the west area, the east and west segments need to exchange data through a communication channel. The vehicle's location information, speed, and route data will be transmitted from the east segment to the west segment through this channel, ensuring that the vehicle's driving data can be continuously monitored and managed in the new area.

[0071] Cross-shard transaction management module: In order to ensure the consistency of cross-shard data, the cross-shard transaction management module is responsible for coordinating the processing of cross-shard data. This module is responsible for initiating, verifying and coordinating cross-shard transaction operations to ensure the consistency of data when it is transmitted between multiple shards. The transaction management module adopts an atomic transaction processing mechanism to ensure that in cross-shard operations, data operations are either completed successfully or rolled back when they fail, thereby avoiding data inconsistency.

[0072] For example, in a financial transaction system, users perform payment operations in different regions, and the cross-shard data involved includes user account shards and payment shards. The cross-shard transaction management module ensures that the balance deduction in the user account and the transaction confirmation in the payment shard can be carried out synchronously. If any operation fails, the entire transaction will be rolled back to ensure that the funds are not deducted incorrectly or repeatedly.

[0073] Cross-shard consensus protocol: The cross-shard consensus protocol in the cross-shard communication protocol is used to ensure that the data transmitted between different shards is verified and consistent. Within the sharded blockchain, different nodes reach consensus through a consensus mechanism; in the cross-shard scenario, a consensus mechanism is also required between different shards to verify and confirm data. This protocol ensures the legitimacy, integrity, and timeliness of cross-shard data.

[0074] The cross-shard consensus protocol can be run based on Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) or other lightweight consensus mechanisms. The specific steps include the following:

[0075] Data transmission: When a shard needs to exchange data with another shard, the data is first transmitted to the target shard through the communication channel.

[0076] Verification and confirmation: After receiving the cross-shard data, the target shard verifies the data through its internal consensus node. The data verification process ensures that the transmitted data has not been tampered with, is complete, and complies with the consistency rules of the blockchain.

[0077] Result feedback: Once the consensus nodes of the target shard reach a consensus and confirm that the data is legal, the shard will generate a confirmation message and return it to the original shard to complete the data exchange.

[0078] For example, in supply chain management, cross-shard data exchange of item status is required between the supplier shard and the logistics shard. When the supplier sends a shipping notice to the logistics party, the logistics shard first verifies the received shipping information to ensure that it conforms to the records of the supplier shard. After the logistics shard passes the verification, the confirmation information is synchronized back to the supplier shard to ensure that the ledgers of both parties are consistent.

[0079] Specific implementation steps of the cross-shard communication protocol

[0080] Initiate a cross-shard request: When data in one shard needs to interact with another shard, the shard blockchain node of the data initiator first generates a cross-shard request. The request includes the content of the data to be transmitted, the source shard ID of the data, the target shard ID, and the necessary timestamp and encryption information to ensure the uniqueness and security of the data.

[0081] Data transmission and reception: The cross-shard communication protocol ensures that data is transmitted through a secure communication channel. After the target shard receives the cross-shard data, the verification process will be initiated. During the data transmission process, encryption mechanisms such as AES and RSA are used to ensure the confidentiality and tamper-proofness of the data during transmission.

[0082] Cross-shard data verification and consensus: After the target shard receives the data, the nodes of the target shard will verify the received data through the cross-shard consensus protocol. The process may include the following steps:

[0083] Compare the ledger records of the original shard to ensure the source of the data is legitimate;

[0084] Verify the integrity and validity of data to ensure that it has not been tampered with or delayed;

[0085] The authenticity and consistency of cross-shard transactions are verified through a consensus mechanism.

[0086] Synchronization and confirmation: After cross-shard data verification is completed and consensus is reached, the target shard generates a data confirmation message and returns it to the initiator shard. After receiving the confirmation message, the initiator shard marks the cross-shard transaction as successful and records the corresponding results in its ledger.

[0087] Cross-shard synchronization mechanism: To ensure the consistency of each shard's ledger, the cross-shard communication protocol introduces a data synchronization mechanism. When a cross-shard transaction is completed, the ledgers of the source and target shards will be updated accordingly to ensure that the ledger status is consistent. If necessary, the cross-shard protocol will also synchronize the ledgers of other related shards to ensure the consistency of the entire network.

[0088] In this step, through the cross-shard communication protocol, fast and efficient data transmission can be achieved between different shards, avoiding the communication bottleneck that may occur in traditional centralized systems.

[0089] The cross-shard communication protocol ensures data consistency in cross-shard operations through consensus verification and transaction management, and uses encryption mechanisms to ensure data security.

[0090] The cross-shard communication protocol is highly flexible and can adjust the communication method between shards according to different business scenarios in the 5G network. It is suitable for complex cross-regional and cross-device data interaction needs.

[0091] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a communication delay system based on 5G and blockchain technology, comprising:

[0092] Sharding module, which is used to divide the data generated in the 5G network into multiple shards according to geographic location, device type or business needs, and use sharding blockchain technology to perform parallel data processing and consensus verification on different shards;

[0093] The edge computing module is used to use distributed edge computing technology to distribute computing tasks to edge nodes close to users for processing. The edge nodes participate in the consensus process of the sharded blockchain and perform data verification and confirmation through distributed ledgers.

[0094] The cross-shard communication module is used when data interaction is required between different shards. It uses the cross-shard communication protocol to achieve data consistency and efficiency through communication synchronization between shards.

[0095] The prior art mentioned in the above background technology section and specific embodiment section of the present invention can be used as part of the present invention to understand the meaning of some technical features or parameters.

Claims

1. A communication delay method based on 5G and blockchain technology, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Divide the data generated in the 5G network into multiple shards according to geographic location, device type or business needs, and use sharded blockchain technology to perform parallel data processing and consensus verification on different shards; Using distributed edge computing technology, computing tasks are assigned to edge nodes close to users for processing. The edge nodes participate in the consensus process of the sharded blockchain and perform data verification and confirmation through distributed ledgers. When data interaction is required between different shards, a cross-shard communication protocol is used to achieve data consistency and efficiency through communication synchronization between shards.

2. The communication delay method based on 5G and blockchain technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The use of sharded blockchain technology to perform parallel data processing and consensus verification on different shards includes: Data processing of each shard. In a sharded blockchain network, each shard independently processes the data within its scope. The nodes of each shard are responsible for receiving, processing and recording real-time data from 5G devices or terminals. Consensus verification within the shard. In each shard, the nodes will verify and confirm the processed data through the consensus mechanism of the shard blockchain; Data storage and ledger update: After data processing and consensus verification within each shard are completed, all nodes will record the new data blocks in their ledgers.

3. The communication delay method based on 5G and blockchain technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The consensus process of the edge node participating in the sharded blockchain includes: Each edge node, as part of the blockchain shard, is responsible for receiving, processing and verifying data from terminal devices; When edge nodes participate in the consensus process, they verify the received data according to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain to ensure that the data has not been tampered with or forged. The verification process relies on the historical records in the distributed ledger. Each edge node will compare the new data with the existing ledger information when processing it. Once multiple edge nodes reach a consensus, the data block can be added to the ledger of the sharded blockchain to complete the confirmation and recording of the data.

4. The communication delay method based on 5G and blockchain technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data verification and confirmation through the distributed ledger includes: The edge node first receives data from the terminal device; The edge nodes process the data locally and verify the source, integrity, and consistency of the data based on the historical records in the blockchain ledger; Multiple edge nodes verify the same data block through a consensus mechanism, and after reaching a consensus, record the data block in the blockchain ledger; After completing the data confirmation, the edge node broadcasts the newly generated data block to other nodes of the sharded blockchain to ensure the update and consistency of the ledger.

5. The communication delay method based on 5G and blockchain technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-shard communication protocol includes: Communication channels between shards: Each shard blockchain processes its own data independently, and communicates and exchanges data with each other through cross-shard communication channels; Cross-shard transaction management module: The cross-shard transaction management module is responsible for coordinating the processing of cross-shard data. This module is responsible for initiating, verifying and coordinating cross-shard transaction operations to ensure the consistency of data when it is transmitted between multiple shards. The transaction management module adopts an atomic transaction processing mechanism to ensure that in cross-shard operations, data operations are either completed successfully or rolled back when they fail, thereby avoiding data inconsistency; Cross-shard consensus protocol: The cross-shard consensus protocol in the cross-shard communication protocol is used to ensure that the data transmitted between different shards is verified and consistent. Within the sharded blockchain, different nodes reach consensus through a consensus mechanism; in the cross-shard scenario, a consensus mechanism is also needed between different shards to verify and confirm data.

6. A communication delay system based on 5G and blockchain technology, characterized in that: The system includes the following modules: Sharding module, which is used to divide the data generated in the 5G network into multiple shards according to geographic location, device type or business needs, and use sharding blockchain technology to perform parallel data processing and consensus verification on different shards; The edge computing module is used to use distributed edge computing technology to distribute computing tasks to edge nodes close to users for processing. The edge nodes participate in the consensus process of the sharded blockchain and perform data verification and confirmation through distributed ledgers. The cross-shard communication module is used when data interaction is required between different shards. It uses the cross-shard communication protocol to achieve data consistency and efficiency through communication synchronization between shards.

7. The communication delay system based on 5G and blockchain technology according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The use of sharded blockchain technology to perform parallel data processing and consensus verification on different shards includes: Data processing of each shard. In a sharded blockchain network, each shard independently processes the data within its scope. The nodes of each shard are responsible for receiving, processing and recording real-time data from 5G devices or terminals. Consensus verification within the shard. In each shard, the nodes will verify and confirm the processed data through the consensus mechanism of the shard blockchain; Data storage and ledger update: After data processing and consensus verification within each shard are completed, all nodes will record the new data blocks in their ledgers.

8. The communication delay system based on 5G and blockchain technology according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The consensus process of the edge node participating in the sharded blockchain includes: Each edge node, as part of the blockchain shard, is responsible for receiving, processing and verifying data from terminal devices; When edge nodes participate in the consensus process, they verify the received data according to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain to ensure that the data has not been tampered with or forged. The verification process relies on the historical records in the distributed ledger. Each edge node will compare the new data with the existing ledger information when processing it. Once multiple edge nodes reach a consensus, the data block can be added to the ledger of the sharded blockchain to complete the confirmation and recording of the data.

9. The communication delay system based on 5G and blockchain technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The data verification and confirmation through the distributed ledger includes: The edge node first receives data from the terminal device; The edge nodes process the data locally and verify the source, integrity, and consistency of the data based on the historical records in the blockchain ledger; Multiple edge nodes verify the same data block through a consensus mechanism, and after reaching a consensus, record the data block in the blockchain ledger; After completing the data confirmation, the edge node broadcasts the newly generated data block to other nodes of the sharded blockchain to ensure the update and consistency of the ledger.

10. The communication delay system based on 5G and blockchain technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cross-shard communication protocol includes: Communication channels between shards: Each shard blockchain processes its own data independently, and communicates and exchanges data with each other through cross-shard communication channels; Cross-shard transaction management module: The cross-shard transaction management module is responsible for coordinating the processing of cross-shard data. This module is responsible for initiating, verifying and coordinating cross-shard transaction operations to ensure the consistency of data when it is transmitted between multiple shards. The transaction management module adopts an atomic transaction processing mechanism to ensure that in cross-shard operations, data operations are either completed successfully or rolled back when they fail, thereby avoiding data inconsistency; Cross-shard consensus protocol: The cross-shard consensus protocol in the cross-shard communication protocol is used to ensure that the data transmitted between different shards is verified and consistent. Within the sharded blockchain, different nodes reach consensus through a consensus mechanism; in the cross-shard scenario, a consensus mechanism is also needed between different shards to verify and confirm data.

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