A zero correlation parameter adaptive method and system for a distributed base station

Abstract

The application provides a zero correlation parameter self-adaptive method and system of a distributed base station, and relates to the technical field of communication. The method comprises the following steps: a baseband unit measures a transmission time delay on a radio frequency unit side and acquires a total system time delay; a coverage range parameter on the radio frequency unit side is acquired; a total coverage range is calculated according to the coverage range parameter; and a corresponding zero correlation parameter is selected according to the total coverage range. The application can improve the deployment and maintenance efficiency of the base station, adapt the base station parameters in remote mountainous areas, save the maintenance cost, match the zero correlation parameter with the coverage range, and improve the wireless network communication quality and the user experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a zero-correlation parameter adaptive method and system for distributed base stations. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the communications industry, the use of distributed base stations is becoming increasingly widespread. In this architecture, the baseband unit (BBU) is centrally deployed in a data center, while multiple radio frequency units (RUs) are remotely connected to different towers via fiber optic cables. Distributed base stations can flexibly add or remove RUs at different locations and distances as needed, and can immediately switch fiber optic connections in case of transmission failures. Simultaneously, the RUs can be upgraded as technology advances to improve the overall system performance.

[0003] However, different optical fibers have different transmission delays, and different radio frequency units (RUs) also differ in transmit and receive power, resulting in varying coverage areas. Furthermore, fiber optic patching operations can cause changes in transmission delay, ultimately leading to discrepancies between the coverage area of ​​the RU and the preset parameters on the baseband unit (BBU) side. This affects end-user (UE) access and handover functions, degrading communication quality and impacting user experience.

[0004] Currently, communication systems typically rely on manual configuration and adjustments based on different deployment stages. This is not only cumbersome and demanding, but also prone to configuration errors and omissions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application discloses a zero-correlation parameter adaptive method and system for distributed base stations.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application discloses a zero-correlation parameter adaptive method for a distributed base station, the method comprising:

[0007] The total system delay is obtained by measuring the transmission delay on the RF unit side using the baseband unit.

[0008] Obtain the coverage parameters on the radio frequency unit side;

[0009] Calculate the first total coverage area based on the coverage area parameters;

[0010] Select the corresponding zero-correlation parameter based on the first total coverage area.

[0011] Furthermore, based on the transmission delay measured at the RF unit side by the baseband unit, the total system delay is obtained, including:

[0012] The system delay of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is measured, wherein the system delay of the FPGA includes the digital signal processing delay of the link and the transmission delay of the radio frequency unit measured by the baseband unit.

[0013] Measure the delay of a high-speed digital-to-analog converter transceiver;

[0014] The total system delay is determined by the sum of the system delay of the field-programmable gate array and the delay of the high-speed digital-to-analog converter transceiver.

[0015] Furthermore, calculating the first total coverage area based on the coverage area parameters includes:

[0016] According to expression D cover =(L cover / 0.3) Calculate the time delay corresponding to the first total coverage area;

[0017] Obtain the transmission delay D from the baseband unit to the radio frequency unit. trans And IQ data processing latency D iq and according to expression D total =D cover +D trans +D iq Calculate the total one-way delay;

[0018] According to expression L total =(L cover / 0.3+D trans +D iq The formula for calculating the first total coverage area is: ) × 0.3 × 0.5;

[0019] Among them, D cover L represents the latency corresponding to the first total coverage area. cover D represents the coverage parameter. total D represents the total delay in one direction. trans D represents the transmission delay from the baseband unit to the radio frequency unit. iq L represents the IQ data processing latency. total This indicates the first total coverage area.

[0020] Furthermore, this method also includes:

[0021] Monitor the changes in the transmission delay and the first total coverage area;

[0022] When a change is detected, the current transmission delay and current coverage parameters are reread.

[0023] Calculate the second total coverage area based on the current transmission delay and the current coverage area parameters;

[0024] If the difference between the second total coverage area and the first total coverage area is greater than a preset threshold, then the zero-related parameters are updated.

[0025] Furthermore, monitoring changes in the transmission delay and the first total coverage area includes:

[0026] The system monitors changes in transmission latency in real time using a monitoring program.

[0027] Transmission latency variations are monitored through a regularly running monitoring thread.

[0028] Furthermore, the conditions that trigger the rereading of the transmission delay and coverage parameters include:

[0029] Changes in fiber optic patching caused by transmission failure;

[0030] Changes in hardware characteristics resulting from the replacement of the radio frequency unit;

[0031] Changes in coverage caused by adding or removing radio frequency units;

[0032] Time delay changes caused by temperature variations or equipment aging.

[0033] Furthermore, the step of obtaining the total system delay by measuring the transmission delay on the RF unit side based on the baseband unit includes:

[0034] The maximum transmission delay among the multiple radio frequency units connected to the baseband unit is selected, and the total system delay is calculated based on the maximum transmission delay.

[0035] On the other hand, this application also discloses a zero-correlation parameter adaptive system for a distributed base station, comprising:

[0036] The system delay acquisition module is used by the baseband unit to measure the transmission delay on the RF unit side and acquire the total system delay.

[0037] The coverage parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the coverage parameters of the radio frequency unit side;

[0038] A total coverage calculation module is used to calculate a first total coverage area based on the coverage parameters;

[0039] An adaptive module is used to select the corresponding zero-correlation parameter based on the first total coverage area.

[0040] Furthermore, the system latency acquisition module is used for:

[0041] The system delay of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is measured, wherein the system delay of the FPGA includes the digital signal processing delay of the link and the transmission delay of the radio frequency unit measured by the baseband unit.

[0042] Measure the delay of a high-speed digital-to-analog converter transceiver;

[0043] The total system delay is determined by the sum of the system delay of the field-programmable gate array and the delay of the high-speed digital-to-analog converter transceiver.

[0044] Furthermore, the module for calculating the total coverage area is used to:

[0045] According to expression D cover =(L cover / 0.3) Calculate the time delay corresponding to the first total coverage area;

[0046] Obtain the transmission delay D from the baseband unit to the radio frequency unit. trans And IQ data processing latency D iq and according to expression D total =D cover +D trans +D iq Calculate the total one-way delay;

[0047] According to expression L total =(L cover / 0.3+D trans +D iq The formula for calculating the first total coverage area is: ) × 0.3 × 0.5;

[0048] Among them, D cover L represents the latency corresponding to the first total coverage area. cover D represents the coverage parameter. total D represents the total delay in one direction. trans D represents the transmission delay from the baseband unit to the radio frequency unit. iq L represents the IQ data processing latency. total This indicates the first total coverage area.

[0049] The technical solution provided in this application may include the following beneficial effects:

[0050] (1) Distributed base stations have significant application value in vast rural areas, especially in remote mountainous regions. These areas have scattered settlements and sparse populations. This application can calculate the total coverage area based on coverage parameters and select the corresponding zero-correlation parameters based on the total coverage area, thereby enabling the baseband unit (BBU) deploying the method of this application to automatically adjust the relevant parameters, thereby improving the deployment and maintenance efficiency of base stations, reducing manual intervention and lowering maintenance costs.

[0051] (2) Climate conditions vary greatly in different regions, with some places being hot and others cold. These climate changes can affect the equipment components of the radio frequency unit (RU), thereby causing changes in latency. This application can calculate the total coverage area based on the coverage parameters and select the corresponding zero correlation parameters based on the total coverage area, so that the baseband unit (BBU) deploying the method of this application can automatically adjust the correlation parameters, thereby reducing manual intervention, improving communication quality, and optimizing user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the steps of the method described in this application;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the zero-related parameter initialization of this application;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the zero-correlation parameter adaptive mechanism of this application;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the zero-correlation parameter adaptive algorithm of this application;

[0056] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the distributed base station network of this application;

[0057] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the time delay of the BBU measuring RU fiber extension in this application;

[0058] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of an electronic device according to this application;

[0059] Figure 8 This is a block diagram of a computer-readable storage medium according to this application;

[0060] Figure 9 This is a structural block diagram of the system in this application;

[0061] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the values ​​of the zero-related parameters in this application;

[0062] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the planning format for the 4 / 5G prach in this application;

[0063] Figure 12 This is a pramble format diagram of this application;

[0064] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the uplink and downlink latency of this application;

[0065] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating the time synchronization requirements for this application;

[0066] Figure 15This is a diagram illustrating the preamble format of this application and the looping through the ZC sequence;

[0067] Figure 16 This is an example diagram of the interference used in the preamble of this application;

[0068] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the zero-related configuration, Ncs, and cell radius of this application;

[0069] Figure 18 This is a diagram showing the prach configuration information in SIB2 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0071] Prach: Physical Random Access Channel. The prach channel transmits a preamble for random user access, where the preamble sequence is used for initial access, handover, connection reconfiguration, and uplink synchronization.

[0072] The ZC (Zadoff-Chu) sequence is a mathematical sequence with special autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties, and it is widely used in wireless communication systems, especially in mobile communication standards such as LTE and 5G.

[0073] A random access preamble (RA-preamble) is a sequence of signals used by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system to establish an initial connection with a base station. It is commonly used in the random access process of systems such as LTE and 5G. The main function of the RA-preamble sequence is to help the UE establish a communication connection with the base station, especially during the initial access phase.

[0074] The preamble sequence is a ZC sequence, which is a cyclic sequence with a length of 839 bits. Different ZC sequence preambles are generated by different cyclic shifts (Ncs) for different users.

[0075] The cyclic shift (Ncs) determines the specific cell radius supported in this format, requiring it to exceed the sum of RTT (twice the propagation time + base station processing time) and multipath delay spread. The Ncs determination method is as follows:

[0076] Ncs×TS>TRTD+TMD, where TRTD=6.67(us / km)×R(km); TS is the sampling length of the ZC sequence; TMD

[0077] The maximum delay spread is typically set to 5 µs; R is the cell coverage radius, in km.

[0078] Considering the time required for the forward search, N must satisfy the following condition:

[0079] Ncs > 1.048 75x (6.67r + TMD + 2)

[0080] Under the above conditions, Ncs should be set as small as possible to reduce receiver processing time. Setting it too large will result in too many root sequences being used, increasing the detection complexity of the BBU. When the number of users is small, a larger Ncs value can be used to expand the detection window and facilitate detection. When the number of users is large, the Ncs configuration can be determined based on the cell radius, requiring that the cell radius corresponding to the Ncs configuration be greater than or equal to the planned cell radius. Different Ncs configurations correspond to different cell radii.

[0081] ZeroCorrelationZoneConfig: The cyclic shift zone configuration, which is the index value used to indicate the cyclic shift configuration used when generating the PRACH leader sequence.

[0082] The baseband unit (BBU) is a key device in modern communication systems, playing a crucial role, especially in distributed base station architectures. The BBU is primarily responsible for processing the baseband portion of wireless signals, converting radio frequency (RF) signals into digital signals, and performing functions such as signal encoding, decoding, modulation, and demodulation.

[0083] The radio frequency unit (RU) is an important component of modern communication base station systems, especially in distributed base station architectures. It works in conjunction with the baseband unit (BBU) to enable the transmission and reception of wireless signals.

[0084] CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) is a digital protocol primarily used for high-speed serial data transmission between two key components of modern base stations. Specifically, it connects the baseband unit (BBU), also known as the radio equipment control unit (REC), and the remote radio unit (RRU), also called the radio equipment (RE) or remote radio head (RRH). Key features of the CPRI protocol include full-duplex communication, high bandwidth, high throughput, low latency, and high synchronization and stability.

[0085] Traditionally, CPRI interfaces are primarily used for fiber optic connections between BBUs and RRUs, with transmission distances typically not exceeding a few hundred meters. However, with the adoption of C-RAN (Centralized Radio Access Network) networking, transmission distances have expanded to tens of kilometers. In this scenario, to conserve fiber optic resources, suitable technologies are often used to multiplex data from multiple CPRI links onto a single fiber for transmission. Currently, commonly used technologies include direct-drive CPRI and OTN (Optical Transport Network) transmission.

[0086] Regardless of the bearer method used, the delay and jitter of the CPRI signal must be rigorously tested and monitored during long-distance transmission. This is to ensure that excessive delay or jitter is not introduced during transmission, thus maintaining the CPRI protocol's stringent requirements for delay and jitter, and guaranteeing system stability and communication quality.

[0087] In this application, CPRI delay D cpri This refers to the transmission delay measured by the BBU on the RU side.

[0088] An FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter is a digital filter characterized by its finite impulse response, meaning its output is determined only by a finite number of past samples of the input signal. FIR filters are widely used in signal processing fields such as audio processing, image processing, communication systems, and radar signal processing.

[0089] The REC (Radio Equipment Controller) typically refers to the Radio Equipment Controller in a base station system. In wireless communication systems, especially distributed base stations, the REC is a key component responsible for controlling and managing communication with remote radio units (REs) or remote radio heads (RRHs). It usually works in conjunction with the baseband unit (BBU) for handling signal control and scheduling.

[0090] Radio equipment (RE) is a crucial component of modern wireless communication systems, especially in distributed base station architectures such as C-RAN. Often referred to as a remote radio head (RRH), it is primarily responsible for transmitting and receiving wireless signals.

[0091] An unrestricted set is a predefined set of sequences in wireless communication systems, especially during random access procedures. It is used for cells with general coverage, i.e., areas within the base station's coverage area that do not have special requirements or high mobility.

[0092] A restricted set is a special set of sequences designed for high-speed mobile environments (such as high-speed railways and highways) in wireless communication systems, especially during random access procedures (RA-preamble sequence generation and selection).

[0093] Cyclic Prefix (CP) is a widely used technique in wireless communication systems, especially in OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). The main purpose of CP is to address inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath propagation, ensuring correct signal transmission.

[0094] GT (Guarantee Time) is an important concept in wireless communication, especially in systems used for access technologies such as random access and multiple access communication. The main purpose of guard time is to avoid mutual interference between different signals, especially in the case of time delay and propagation delay, ensuring that signals do not overlap or collide.

[0095] The following is the principle behind zero-related parameter configuration:

[0096] 1. PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)

[0097] During the UE (User Equipment) initiating random access process, the first step is to send the RA-preamble via PRACH. Each cell can use 64 different RA-preamble sequences. For example... Figure 11 As shown, the PRACH protocol provides two formats: long format and short format. The long format has four types, while the short format has nine types. The long format is primarily used to enhance uplink coverage. The RA-preamble sequence is generated from the ZC (Zadoff-Chu) sequence through a cyclic shift (Ncs), and the cell radius determines the size of the cyclic shift.

[0098] 2. Introduction to Preamble

[0099] ZC sequences are widely used for PRACH preamble sequence generation due to their excellent autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties. When multiple UEs access the network simultaneously using different preamble sequences, the base station can distinguish between different access users based on these properties. There are four preamble formats, such as... Figure 12 As shown, the cyclic shift (Ncs) configuration for each format is adjusted according to different coverage requirements. The specific settings fall into two categories:

[0100] (1) Unrestricted Set: Cells used for normal coverage;

[0101] (2) Restricted Set: Applicable to areas covered by high-speed movement (such as high-speed trains).

[0102] 3. ZeroCorrelationZoneConfig

[0103] The zero-correlation zone configuration (zeroCorrelationZoneConfig) refers to the index value used to specify the cyclic shift configuration used when generating the PRACH preamble sequence. This configuration is crucial for synchronization between the base station and the UE, especially in cases of significant latency or long distances.

[0104] 4. Relationship between Ncs and cell radius planning

[0105] In the configuration of base station deployment parameters, the planning of PRACH-related parameters is crucial. The Ncs value is determined based on the cell radius, and then the number of ZC root sequences required for each cell is determined accordingly. The larger the cell radius, the larger the required Ncs offset.

[0106] In LTE, after a UE camps on a cell, the base station helps the UE adjust the transmission time of its uplink signal by sending a TA (latency compensation) value, so that the signal falls exactly within the time window that the base station wants to receive. For example... Figure 13 The diagram illustrates the time difference between the base station and the UE caused by latency.

[0107] like Figure 15 As shown, due to latency, the base station and UEs located far from the base station are not strictly synchronized. Especially for UEs initially accessing the network, since they haven't acquired the TA value, their uplink signals cannot be accurately synchronized due to significant latency. In this situation, the Preamble signal undergoes the following processing:

[0108] (1) CP (Cyclic Prefix): In order to prevent the signal from falling outside the base station's receiving window due to time delay deviation, CP repeats part of the preamble sequence.

[0109] (2) GT (Guard Time): Prevents the PRACH signal from interfering with other signals due to time delay.

[0110] The PRACH signal is generated based on a cyclic shift of the ZC root sequence, with the specific shift amount determined by the Ncs value. During access, the Preamble signal transmitted by the UE may change due to varying time delays. For example, if UE1 is located in the cell center with a smaller time delay, its transmitted Preamble signal will be the same when received by the base station as when it was transmitted. However, if UE2 is located at the cell edge with a larger time delay, the received Preamble signal may be offset, such as... Figure 14 As shown.

[0111] The following is a specific example:

[0112] Assuming the cell's Ncs offset is 2, each ZC root sequence can generate 3 different Preamble sequences:

[0113] S1-S2-S3-S4-S5-S6-S7

[0114] S3-S4-S5-S6-S7-S1-S2

[0115] S5-S6-S7-S1-S2-S3-S4

[0116] like Figure 16 As shown, if UE1 is located in the cell center and transmits the sequence S1-S2-S3-S4-S5-S6-S7, the signal received by the base station will also be S1-S2-S3-S4-S5-S6-S7. However, if UE2 is located at the cell edge, due to latency, the signal received by the base station may become S7-S1-S2-S3-S4-S5-S6. UE3, located further away, may receive the sequence S5-S6-S7-S1-S2-S3-S4 due to even greater latency.

[0117] The sequence changes caused by this time delay do not lead to access signal collisions, because different time delays produce different Preamble sequences that can still maintain orthogonality.

[0118] 5. Relationship between Ncs and cell radius

[0119] like Figure 17 As shown in the above analysis, there is a close relationship between the Ncs setting and the cell radius. To ensure signal orthogonality and avoid interference, the Ncs value needs to be configured reasonably according to the actual cell radius. The specific cyclic shift configuration is indicated by the zero correlation parameter, such as... Figure 18 As shown, this configuration is broadcast in the PRACH parameter of SIB2.

[0120] In summary, the configuration of zero-correlation parameters is closely related to the construction and operation of distributed base stations. Properly configuring PRACH parameters, Ncs values, and zero-correlation intervals can effectively improve the access performance of base stations and ensure that different UEs can still perform effective access communication under high latency conditions.

[0121] Reference Figure 1 This paper illustrates a zero-correlation parameter adaptive method for a distributed base station, which can be applied to electronic devices. The method includes the following steps:

[0122] Step 101: The BBU measures the transmission delay on the RU side to obtain the system delay;

[0123] Specifically, in one optional embodiment, the BBU measures the transmission delay on the RU side to obtain the system delay, and the specific process is as follows:

[0124] First, the latency of the FPGA system is determined by the digital signal processing latency D of the link. link And CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) delay D cpri Composition. Regarding the delay D in digital signal processing. link This can be obtained by examining the underlying logic units.

[0125] For CPRI delay D cpri The REC sends a specially structured fiber frame signal, starting a timer upon transmission. The RE receives this signal and forwards it back to the REC. The REC stops timing upon receiving the return signal, and then divides the timing result by 2 to obtain the uplink and downlink CPRI delays. Figure 6 As shown.

[0126] FPGA system delay D fpga It is obtained by summing the uplink and downlink CPRI delays and the digital signal processing delay, that is:

[0127]

[0128] Furthermore, filters play a crucial role in high-speed AD and DA (digital-to-analog) transceivers, reducing noise, smoothing signals, and extracting signals within specific frequency bands. The presence of filters introduces delay, and since uplink and downlink may use different filter structures, the delays may also be asymmetrical.

[0129] In FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filters, the delay is related to the number of taps. The number of taps determines the filter length, and the filter length directly affects the signal processing delay. For an FIR filter with N taps, its delay is:

[0130]

[0131] Where N is the number of taps, F s This refers to the sampling frequency. In discrete-time systems, each tap requires one sampling period for processing. Therefore, a filter with N taps will introduce a delay of N-1 sampling periods. This delay is crucial for real-time signal processing, especially in communication systems, where excessive delay can negatively impact system performance. Therefore, the relationship between filter length and sampling frequency must be comprehensively considered when designing filters.

[0132] For high-speed AD and DA transceiver delay D adda You can obtain the corresponding delay information by checking the order and sampling rate of the AD and DA transceivers and combining it with the prompts from the calculation tool.

[0133] Finally, in summary, the time delay D of the entire system sys It can be obtained through the following formula:

[0134]

[0135] That is, the system delay is the sum of the FPGA delay and the AD / DA transceiver delay.

[0136] Step 102: Obtain the coverage parameters of the RU side;

[0137] Step 103: Calculate the total coverage area based on the coverage area parameters;

[0138] Specifically, in one optional embodiment, the zero-correlation parameters are set to default values ​​during the initial deployment of the base station. After deployment, when the base station begins normal operation and startup, the system initiates the zero-correlation parameter initialization process according to the program settings, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0139] The adaptive adjustment of zero-correlation parameters is achieved through several key factors: transmission latency from the RU side to the BBU side, IQ (quadrature demodulation) data processing latency in the BBU and RU, and the coverage range of the RU. A total coverage range is calculated using these factors, and then... Figure 10 Find the corresponding zero-related parameter value.

[0140] The specific process is as follows:

[0141] 1. Transmission latency on the BBU side:

[0142] The BBU reads the fiber optic delay register stored in the FPGA to obtain the transmission delay D from the BBU to the RU. trans (Unit: microseconds). If the BBU is configured with multiple RUs, the maximum latency value among them will be selected.

[0143] 2. IQ data processing latency:

[0144] Processing delay D for reading IQ data from FPGA registers BBU and RU iq (Unit: microseconds)

[0145] 3. RU coverage area:

[0146] The coverage of the RU is determined by parameter L. cover (Unit: km) is used to determine the configuration.

[0147] The specific calculation method is as follows:

[0148] 1. Latency corresponding to coverage area:

[0149] Given that the speed of light is 300,000 km / s, and the coverage area is L cover The corresponding delay D cover (Unit: microsecond) The calculation formula is:

[0150]

[0151] Total one-way latency:

[0152] Calculate the total one-way delay D total (Unit: microsecond), the formula is:

[0153]

[0154] Total coverage:

[0155] Calculate the total coverage area L total (Unit: kilometers), the formula is:

[0156]

[0157] The final total coverage formula is:

[0158]

[0159] Through the above process, this application will calculate and initialize zero-correlation parameters by comprehensively considering transmission delay, IQ data processing delay, and RU coverage, so as to ensure that the base station can dynamically adjust the zero-correlation parameters according to the actual situation after startup, thereby achieving optimized signal coverage.

[0160] Step 104: Select the corresponding zero correlation parameter based on the total coverage area.

[0161] Specifically, in an optional embodiment, a zero-correlation parameter adaptation step is further included, specifically:

[0162] 1. Changes in link transmission latency and coverage during normal base station operation:

[0163] During normal base station operation, the following factors may cause changes in link transmission latency and coverage:

[0164] Transmission faults, such as fiber jumpers or changes in fiber length, will cause transmission delay D. trans The changes.

[0165] RU Failure: If the RU fails and is replaced, the change in hardware characteristics will cause a transmission delay D. trans And IQ data processing latency D iq Things have changed.

[0166] Adding or removing RUs: Adding or removing RUs at different distances will affect the coverage area L of the RU. cover and transmission delay D trans Things have changed.

[0167] RU Failure: If one of the multiple RUs fails, it will affect the coverage area L of the RU. cover and transmission delay D trans .

[0168] When the above changes occur, the latency and coverage parameters will be reread, the new latency will be calculated, and it will be checked whether the latency has changed significantly. At this time, this application sets a latency change threshold D. threshold (The default value is 0.3 microseconds, which corresponds to approximately 1 kilometer of coverage.) If the absolute value of the difference between the old and new delays exceeds this threshold, the coverage will be recalculated, and the zero-correlation parameter will be adjusted. The calculation method is consistent with that described in step 103. The specific process is as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0169] 2. Time delay changes caused by temperature variations and equipment aging:

[0170] During long-term operation of the base station, transmission delay D increases due to temperature changes and fiber optic equipment aging. trans And IQ data processing latency D iq Things may change. In this case, the monitoring thread will detect changes in latency according to a preset period. If the latency change exceeds the set threshold D... threshold This will initiate a zero-correlation parameter adaptive process, recalculating and updating the zero-correlation parameters. The calculation method is consistent with that described in step 103. Furthermore, this monitoring thread can periodically ensure that the zero-correlation parameters are corrected even in the event of lost notifications, thereby improving system robustness. The specific process is as follows... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown.

[0171] 3. Set threshold:

[0172] In the above process, a threshold D is set. threshold The purpose is to prevent minor delay changes from frequently triggering the calculation of zero-correlation parameters. By combining a notification mechanism and periodic checks, the system avoids the additional computational burden caused by excessively frequent calculations and ensures that zero-correlation parameters can be corrected in a timely manner when changes occur, thus guaranteeing the stability and reliability of the system.

[0173] The following is a specific example implemented according to the method described in this application:

[0174] In remote rural areas, where villages are scattered and sparsely populated, and high mountains isolate these settlements like islands, distributed base stations become an ideal communication coverage solution. The baseband unit (BBU) of the base station is deployed in a data center in the town (or township) center, and remote wireless units (RUs) are connected to each village settlement via fiber optic cables, thereby providing signal coverage and addressing local communication needs. Figure 5 As shown.

[0175] 1. Base station deployment process:

[0176] Place the BBU in the computer room in the center of the town (township);

[0177] The RU is connected to each village via three optical fibers to achieve signal coverage;

[0178] Power the base station and start it up to begin initializing the zero-correlation parameters;

[0179] During base station operation, a zero-correlation parameter adaptive step is continuously run to ensure the base station's performance and stability.

[0180] 2. Maintenance process:

[0181] Fiber Optic Failure Handling: If the fiber optic cable in village C fails, the system will switch to the backup fiber optic cable to maintain the availability of the base station. At this time, upon receiving a fault notification, zero-related parameters will be automatically updated to ensure uninterrupted communication.

[0182] RU Fault Handling: If the RU in village A fails, the RU equipment needs to be replaced. Due to differences in RU hardware, transmission latency and coverage may vary. Upon receiving a fault notification, zero-correlation parameters are automatically adjusted to maintain communication quality.

[0183] Temperature Change Handling: During hot summer months, the RU devices in Village C may experience performance degradation due to increased temperature, leading to increased latency. A periodic monitoring thread detects changes in coverage and triggers a zero-correlation parameter adaptive algorithm to automatically adjust the zero-correlation parameters, ensuring stable communication quality.

[0184] Through the above deployment and maintenance process, the system can automatically adjust zero-correlation parameters under different environmental changes and fault conditions, ensuring the continuity and stability of communication.

[0185] This application can calculate the total coverage area based on system latency and coverage area parameters, and select the corresponding zero correlation parameters based on the total coverage area, thereby enabling the baseband unit (BBU) deploying the method of this application to automatically adjust the relevant parameters, thereby improving the deployment and maintenance efficiency of the base station, reducing manual intervention and lowering maintenance costs.

[0186] like Figure 9 This application illustrates a zero-correlation parameter adaptive system for a distributed base station, the system comprising:

[0187] The system latency acquisition module is used by the BBU to measure the transmission latency on the RU side and acquire the system latency.

[0188] The coverage parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the coverage parameters of the RU side;

[0189] The total coverage calculation module is used to calculate the total coverage area based on the coverage parameters;

[0190] An adaptive module is used to select the corresponding zero-correlation parameter based on the total coverage.

[0191] Specifically, the system latency acquisition module is used for:

[0192] Measuring the system delay D of an FPGA fpga The system delay D of the FPGA is... fpga Including the digital signal processing delay D of the link link and CPRI delay D cpri ;

[0193] Measuring the delay D of high-speed AD and DA transceivers adda ;

[0194] Calculate the total system delay D sys =D fpga +D adda .

[0195] Specifically, the module for calculating the total coverage area is used to:

[0196] Calculate the time delay D corresponding to the coverage area. cover =(L cover / 0.3)us;

[0197] Calculate the total one-way delay D total =(D cover +D trans +D iq )us;

[0198] Calculate the total coverage area L total =((L cover / 0.3+D trans +D iq )×0.3×0.5)Km.

[0199] This application can calculate the total coverage area based on system latency and coverage area parameters, and select the corresponding zero correlation parameters based on the total coverage area, thereby enabling the baseband unit (BBU) deploying the method of this application to automatically adjust the relevant parameters, thereby improving the deployment and maintenance efficiency of the base station, reducing manual intervention and lowering maintenance costs.

[0200] Optionally, this application also provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the various processes of the above method embodiments and achieves the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0201] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the various processes of the above-described method embodiments and achieves the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here. The computer-readable storage medium may be a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, etc.

[0202] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device 800. For example, the electronic device 800 may be a mobile phone, computer, digital broadcasting terminal, messaging device, game console, tablet device, medical device, fitness equipment, personal digital assistant, etc.

[0203] Reference Figure 7 The electronic device 800 may include one or more of the following components: a processing component 802, a memory 804, a power supply component 806, a multimedia component 808, an audio component 810, an input / output (I / O) interface 812, a sensor component 814, and a communication component 816.

[0204] Processing component 802 typically controls the overall operation of electronic device 800, such as operations associated with display, telephone calls, data communication, camera operation, and recording operations. Processing component 802 may include one or more processors 820 to execute instructions to complete all or part of the steps of the methods described above. Furthermore, processing component 802 may include one or more modules to facilitate interaction between processing component 802 and other components. For example, processing component 802 may include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between multimedia component 808 and processing component 802.

[0205] Memory 804 is configured to store various types of data to support the operation of device 800. Examples of this data include instructions for any application or method operating on electronic device 800, contact data, phonebook data, messages, images, videos, etc. Memory 804 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0206] Power supply component 806 provides power to various components of electronic device 800. Power supply component 806 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power to electronic device 800.

[0207] Multimedia component 808 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the electronic device 800 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touchscreen to receive input signals from the user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touches, swipes, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensors may sense not only the boundaries of the touch or swipe action but also the duration and pressure associated with the touch or swipe operation. In some embodiments, multimedia component 808 includes a front-facing camera and / or a rear-facing camera. When the device 800 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode, the front-facing camera and / or the rear-facing camera may receive external multimedia data. Each front-facing camera and rear-facing camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have focal length and optical zoom capabilities.

[0208] Audio component 810 is configured to output and / or input audio signals. For example, audio component 810 includes a microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when electronic device 800 is in an operating mode, such as call mode, recording mode, and voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may be further stored in memory 804 or transmitted via communication component 816. In some embodiments, audio component 810 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

[0209] I / O interface 812 provides an interface between processing component 802 and peripheral interface modules, such as keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include, but are not limited to, home buttons, volume buttons, power buttons, and lock buttons.

[0210] Sensor assembly 814 includes one or more sensors for providing state assessments of various aspects of electronic device 800. For example, sensor assembly 814 may detect the on / off state of device 800, the relative positioning of components such as the display and keypad of electronic device 800, changes in position of electronic device 800 or a component of electronic device 800, the presence or absence of user contact with electronic device 800, orientation or acceleration / deceleration of electronic device 800, and temperature changes of electronic device 800. Sensor assembly 814 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. Sensor assembly 814 may also include a light sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, sensor assembly 814 may also include an accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, pressure sensor, or temperature sensor.

[0211] Communication component 816 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between electronic device 800 and other devices. Electronic device 800 can access wireless networks based on communication standards, such as WiFi, carrier networks (such as 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G), or combinations thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 816 receives broadcast signals or broadcast operation information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 816 also includes a near-field communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, Infrared Data Association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology, and other technologies.

[0212] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device 800 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the methods described above.

[0213] In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions is also provided, such as a memory 804 including instructions, which can be executed by a processor 820 of an electronic device 800 to perform the above-described method. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be a ROM, random access memory (RAM), CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical data storage device, etc.

[0214] Figure 8 This is a block diagram illustrating a computer-readable storage medium 1900. For example, the computer-readable storage medium 1900 can be provided as a server.

[0215] Reference Figure 8 The computer-readable storage medium 1900 includes a processing component 1922, which further includes one or more processors, and a memory resource represented by memory 1932 for storing instructions executable by the processing component 1922, such as an application program. The application program stored in memory 1932 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. Furthermore, the processing component 1922 is configured to execute instructions to perform the methods described above.

[0216] The computer-readable storage medium 1900 may also include a power supply component 1926 configured to perform power management of the computer-readable storage medium 1900, a wired or wireless network interface 1950 configured to connect the computer-readable storage medium 1900 to a network, and an input / output (I / O) interface 1958. The computer-readable storage medium 1900 can operate on an operating system stored in memory 1932, such as Windows Server™, Mac OS X™, Unix™, Linux™, FreeBSD™, or similar.

[0217] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0218] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0219] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

[0220] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this application can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0221] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0222] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0223] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0224] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0225] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A method for adaptive zero-correlation parameters of a distributed base station, characterized in that, The method includes: The total system delay is obtained by measuring the transmission delay on the RF unit side using the baseband unit. Obtain the coverage parameters on the radio frequency unit side; Calculate the first total coverage area based on the coverage area parameters; Select the corresponding zero-correlation parameter based on the first total coverage area; Monitor the changes in the transmission delay and the first total coverage area; When a change is detected, the current transmission delay and current coverage parameters are reread. Calculate the second total coverage area based on the current transmission delay and the current coverage area parameters; If the difference between the second total coverage area and the first total coverage area is greater than a preset threshold, then update the zero-related parameters; The calculation of the first total coverage area based on the coverage area parameters includes: Calculate the time delay D corresponding to the first total coverage area. cover =(L cover / 0.3)us; Obtain the transmission delay D from the baseband unit to the radio frequency unit. trans And IQ data processing latency D iq Calculate the total one-way delay D total =(D cover +D trans +D iq )us; Calculate the first total coverage area L total =((L cover / 0.3+D trans +D iq ()×0.3×0.5)Km; Among them, D cover L represents the latency corresponding to the first total coverage area. cover D represents the coverage parameter. total D represents the total delay in one direction. trans D represents the transmission delay from the baseband unit to the radio frequency unit. iq L represents the IQ data processing latency. total Indicates the first total coverage area; The monitoring of changes in the transmission delay and the first total coverage area includes: The system monitors changes in transmission latency in real time using a monitoring program. Transmission latency variations are monitored through a regularly running monitoring thread.

2. The zero-correlation parameter adaptive method for a distributed base station as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The total system delay is obtained by measuring the transmission delay on the RF unit side from the baseband unit, including: The system delay of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is measured, wherein the system delay of the FPGA includes the digital signal processing delay of the link and the transmission delay of the radio frequency unit measured by the baseband unit. Measure the delay of a high-speed digital-to-analog converter transceiver; The total system delay is determined by the sum of the system delay of the field-programmable gate array and the delay of the high-speed digital-to-analog converter transceiver.

3. The zero-correlation parameter adaptive method for a distributed base station as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The conditions that trigger a reread of the transmission delay and coverage parameters include: Changes in fiber optic patching caused by transmission failure; Changes in hardware characteristics resulting from the replacement of the radio frequency unit; Changes in coverage caused by adding or removing radio frequency units; Time delay changes caused by temperature variations or equipment aging.

4. The zero-correlation parameter adaptive method for a distributed base station as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the total system delay by measuring the transmission delay on the RF unit side based on the baseband unit includes: The maximum transmission delay among the multiple radio frequency units connected to the baseband unit is selected, and the total system delay is calculated based on the maximum transmission delay.

5. A zero-correlation parameter adaptive system for a distributed base station, characterized in that, The system includes: The system delay acquisition module is used by the baseband unit to measure the transmission delay on the RF unit side and acquire the total system delay. The coverage parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the coverage parameters of the radio frequency unit side; A total coverage calculation module is used to calculate a first total coverage area based on the coverage parameters; An adaptive module is used to select the corresponding zero-correlation parameter based on the first total coverage area; Monitor the changes in the transmission delay and the first total coverage area; When a change is detected, the current transmission delay and current coverage parameters are reread. Calculate the second total coverage area based on the current transmission delay and the current coverage area parameters; If the difference between the second total coverage area and the first total coverage area is greater than a preset threshold, then update the zero-related parameters; The calculation of the first total coverage area based on the coverage area parameters includes: Calculate the time delay D corresponding to the first total coverage area. cover =(L cover / 0.3)us; Obtain the transmission delay D from the baseband unit to the radio frequency unit. trans And IQ data processing latency D iq Calculate the total one-way delay D total =(D cover +D trans +D iq )us; Calculate the first total coverage area L total =((L cover / 0.3+D trans +D iq ()×0.3×0.5)Km; Among them, D cover L represents the latency corresponding to the first total coverage area. cover D represents the coverage parameter. total D represents the total delay in one direction. trans D represents the transmission delay from the baseband unit to the radio frequency unit. iq L represents the IQ data processing latency. total Indicates the first total coverage area; The monitoring of changes in the transmission delay and the first total coverage area includes: The system monitors changes in transmission latency in real time using a monitoring program. Transmission latency variations are monitored through a regularly running monitoring thread.

6. The zero-correlation parameter adaptive system for a distributed base station as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The system latency acquisition module is used for: The system delay of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is measured, wherein the system delay of the FPGA includes the digital signal processing delay of the link and the transmission delay of the radio frequency unit measured by the baseband unit. Measure the delay of a high-speed digital-to-analog converter transceiver; The total system delay is determined by the sum of the system delay of the field-programmable gate array and the delay of the high-speed digital-to-analog converter transceiver.

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