Wireless transmission receiving unit and implementation method thereof

Abstract

A wireless transmit / receive unit comprising a processor and a memory configured to: receive a first RRC message comprising configuration information indicating a measurement relaxation criterion for measurements associated with RLM or BFD and a value of a prohibition timer associated with reporting a measurement relaxation state; determining that the WTRU is to operate in a measurement relaxed state for the at least one serving cell based on a measurement relaxed criterion being satisfied for the at least one serving cell; transmitting a second RRC message including the first report; starting a prohibition timer based on determining that the WTRU is to operate in a measurement relaxed state at the time of the first report; determining that a measurement relaxation state for the at least one serving cell WTRU has changed based on the measurement relaxation criterion not being satisfied for the at least one serving cell; determining that the prohibition timer is not operated; transmitting a third RRC message including the second report; based on determining that the WTRU will operate in the changed measurement relaxed state at the second report, a prohibition timer is started.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of an invention patent application with an application date of December 21, 2022, application number 202280088576.0, and invention name “Measurement relaxation of radio link monitoring in a wireless system and reporting of measurement relaxation status”.

[0002] Related Applications

[0003] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 292,293, filed on December 21, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0004] In 5G New Radio, the wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) monitors the downlink radio link quality based on the reference signals configured as RLM-RS resources to detect the downlink radio link quality of the primary cell (PCell) and the primary secondary cell (PSCell). The configured radio link monitoring radio signal (RLM-RS) resources can be all synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), or all CSI-RS, or a mixture of SSBs and channel state information resource signals (CSI-RS). Outside the active downlink bandwidth part (DL BWP), the WTRU does not need to perform RLM. Similarly, the WTRU evaluates the downlink radio link quality of the serving cell to detect beam failure. Summary of the invention

[0005] According to one or more methods, systems and / or devices, radio link monitoring in a wireless system can be relaxed. In some cases, MAC CE or L1 signaling can be used to report in the uplink and / or enable / disable in the downlink, thereby dynamically providing network control. In some cases, a brief uplink report indicating a simple binary condition can be used, which involves whether the reporting or relaxation criteria are met. For example, the report can be a single bit. For example, the report can include a limited number of multiple bits to provide more information, such as whether each criterion is met. In some cases, dynamic downlink control can be used together with a simple on / off and / or up / down command indicating one or more measurement requirements from the network.

[0006] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may include a processor and a memory. The processor and the memory may be configured to receive configuration information indicating a measurement relaxation criterion for radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam failure detection (BFD) and a prohibited time period for reporting a measurement relaxation state. The WTRU may determine that the measurement relaxation state of the WTRU has changed based on the measurement relaxation criterion. The WTRU may determine that the prohibited time period has ended. The WTRU may send a report based on the determination that the measurement relaxation state has changed and the determination that the prohibited time period has ended. The report may include an indication of the measurement relaxation state.

[0007] When the WTRU sends the report, the WTRU may start the inhibit time period. While the inhibit timer is running, the WTRU may be prohibited from changing the measurement relaxation state.

[0008] The report may indicate whether the WTRU is in the measurement relaxation state, or indicate that the WTRU is not in the measurement relaxation state. The indication of the measurement relaxation state may be specific to the first cell. The report may also include an indication of the measurement relaxation state that is specific to the second cell. The WTRU may receive signaling that enables the WTRU to send the report. In some examples, the signaling that enables the WTRU to send the report may be the same signaling that provides the prohibited time period.

[0009] The configuration information may indicate a prohibition time period among a plurality of prohibition time periods.

[0010] When the WTRU is not in the measurement-relaxed state, the WTRU may perform RLM and / or BFD measurements using a first periodicity.When the WTRU is in the measurement-relaxed state, the WTRU may perform RLM and / or BFD measurements using a second periodicity.

[0011] The WTRU may determine to enter the measurement relaxation state based on the power measurement being above a power threshold. The power threshold may include one or more of an SINR threshold, an RSRP threshold, an RSSI threshold, or an RSRQ threshold. The WTRU may determine to enter the measurement relaxation state based on a change in the power measurement being below a change / mobility threshold. The mobility threshold may include a change in RSRP within a specific time limit and / or a cell change count. The WTRU may determine to exit the measurement relaxation state based on the power measurement being below a power threshold.

[0012] A method implemented by the WTRU may include receiving configuration information indicating a measurement relaxation criterion for radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam failure detection (BFD) and a prohibited time period for reporting a measurement relaxation state. The method may include determining that the measurement relaxation state of the WTRU has changed based on the measurement relaxation criterion. The method may include determining that the prohibited time period has ended. The method may include sending a report based on the determination that the measurement relaxation state has changed and the determination that the prohibited time period has ended. The report may include an indication of the measurement relaxation state.

[0013] The method may further include: starting the inhibit time period when the WTRU sends the report. The method may further include: prohibiting changing the measurement relaxation state while the inhibit timer that tracks the inhibit time period is running.

[0014] The report may indicate whether the WTRU is in the measurement relaxed state, or may indicate that the WTRU is not in the measurement relaxed state.

[0015] The method may include indicating that the measurement relaxation state is specific to the first cell. The method may include indicating that the measurement relaxation state is specific to the second cell.

[0016] The method may include receiving signaling enabling the WTRU to send the report.The configuration information may indicate a prohibited time period of a plurality of prohibited time periods.

[0017] The method may include: when the WTRU is not in the measurement relaxation state, performing RLM or BFD measurements using a first periodicity. The method may include: when the WTRU is in the measurement relaxation state, performing RLM or BFD measurements using a second periodicity. The method may include: determining to enter the measurement relaxation state based on a power measurement value being above a power threshold. The method may include: determining to exit the measurement relaxation state based on a power measurement value being below a power threshold.

[0018] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may include: a processor and a memory, the processor and the memory configured to: receive a first radio resource control (RRC) message including configuration information, the configuration information indicating measurement relaxation criteria for measurements associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam failure detection (BFD) and a value of a prohibit timer associated with reporting a measurement relaxation state; determine that the WTRU is to operate in a measurement relaxation state for at least one serving cell based on the measurement relaxation criteria being satisfied for the at least one serving cell, wherein the measurement relaxation state is associated with a changed measurement assessment period compared to a measurement assessment period of a non-relaxed measurement state; send a second RRC message including a first report, the first report indicating that the WTRU is operating in a measurement relaxation state for the at least one serving cell, wherein the first report includes a respective indication of respective measurement relaxation state information for each of a plurality of serving cells; start the prohibit timer based on determining that the WTRU is to operate in the measurement relaxation state when sending the first report; determine that the measurement relaxation state of the WTRU for the at least one serving cell has changed based on the measurement relaxation criteria not being satisfied for the at least one serving cell; determine that the prohibit timer is not running; send a third RRC message including the second report message, wherein the second report is sent based on a determination that the measurement relaxation state has changed and a determination that the prohibition timer is not running, wherein the second report includes an indication of the changed measurement relaxation state for at least one of the multiple service cells; and based on a determination that the WTRU will operate in the changed measurement relaxation state when sending the second report, starting the prohibition timer.

[0019] A method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may include: receiving a first radio resource control (RRC) message including configuration information, the configuration information indicating measurement relaxation criteria for measurements associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam failure detection (BFD) and a value of a prohibit timer associated with reporting a measurement relaxation state; determining that the WTRU is to operate in a measurement relaxation state for at least one serving cell based on the measurement relaxation criteria being satisfied for the at least one serving cell, wherein the measurement relaxation state is associated with a changed measurement assessment period compared to a measurement assessment period of a non-relaxed measurement state; sending a second RRC message including a first report indicating that the WTRU is operating in the measurement relaxation state for the at least one serving cell, wherein the first report includes a measurement relaxation timer for each of a plurality of serving cells; a corresponding indication of corresponding measurement relaxation state information of a service cell; based on determining that the WTRU will operate in the measurement relaxation state when sending the first report, starting the prohibition timer; based on the measurement relaxation criteria not being satisfied for the at least one service cell, determining that the measurement relaxation state of the WTRU for the at least one service cell has changed; determining that the prohibition timer is not running; sending a third RRC message including a second report, wherein the second report is sent based on the determination that the measurement relaxation state has changed and the determination that the prohibition timer is not running, wherein the second report includes an indication of the changed measurement relaxation state for the at least one service cell among the multiple service cells; and based on determining that the WTRU will operate in the changed measurement relaxation state when sending the second report, starting the prohibition timer.

[0020] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may include: a processor and a memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: receive configuration information from a network, the configuration information indicating a measurement relaxation criterion for measurements associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam failure detection (BFD); determine that the WTRU will operate in a measurement relaxation state for at least one serving cell based on the measurement relaxation criterion being satisfied for the at least one serving cell; send measurements associated with the serving cell to a base station; receive an UP command or a DOWN command from the base station based on the measurements associated with the serving cell; and move to a subsequent virtual discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle after receiving the UP command, or exit the measurement relaxation state after receiving the DOWN command.

[0021] A method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may include: receiving configuration information from a network, the configuration information indicating measurement relaxation criteria for measurements associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam failure detection (BFD); determining that the WTRU will operate in a measurement relaxation state for at least one serving cell based on the measurement relaxation criteria being satisfied for the at least one serving cell; sending measurements associated with the serving cell to a base station; receiving an UP command or a DOWN command from the base station based on the measurements associated with the serving cell; and entering a subsequent virtual discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle after receiving the UP command, or exiting the measurement relaxation state after receiving the DOWN command. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] A more detailed understanding may be obtained from the following description given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals indicate like elements, and in which:

[0023] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0024] Figure 1B is an example of an embodiment in which Figure 1A A system diagram of an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within a communication system is shown;

[0025] Figure 1C is an example of an embodiment in which Figure 1A A system diagram of an exemplary radio access network (RAN) and an exemplary core network (CN) used within the illustrated communication system;

[0026] Figure 1D is an example of an embodiment in which Figure 1A A system diagram of another exemplary RAN and another exemplary CN used in the communication system shown;

[0027] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a sequence of signaling messages associated with a relax operation; and

[0028] Figure 3 An exemplary flow chart showing a method for a relaxation operation is illustrated.

[0029] Figure 4 An exemplary flow chart showing a process performed by a WTRU to determine measurements based on relaxation criteria, when to enter (or exit) a relaxed state, and how to report to the network and / or cell when the WTRU has entered (or exited) a relaxed state is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Figure 1A 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources (including wireless bandwidth). For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail unique word discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S-OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), etc.

[0031] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (CN) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110 and other networks 112, but it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which may be referred to as a station (STA)) may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated process chain environment), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0032] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device that is configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks (such as the CN 106, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112). By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a Home Node B, a Home evolved Node B, a next generation Node B such as a gNode B (gNB), a New Radio (NR) Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it should be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0033] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrums. A cell may provide coverage of wireless services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Therefore, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0034] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0035] More specifically, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 116. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​Uplink (UL) Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0036] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0037] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using NR.

[0038] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may together implement LTE radio access and NR radio access, for example using the dual connectivity (DC) principle. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0039] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0040] Figure 1A The base station 114b in the example may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business location, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell base station or a femtocell base station. As Figure 1A As shown, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Therefore, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106.

[0041] The RAN 104 may be in communication with the CN 106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, delay requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not described in detail in the specification, the CN 106 may be configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. Figure 1AAlthough not shown in the figure, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 and / or the CN 106 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0042] The CN 106 may also act as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired communication networks and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 or a different RAT.

[0043] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The illustrated WTRU 102c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0044] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0045] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal decoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it is understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0046] The transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to or receive signals from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via an air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmission / reception element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmission / reception element 122 may be a transmitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR, UV, or visible light signals. In another embodiment, the transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It should be understood that the transmission / reception element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0047] Although the transmit / receive element 122 Figure 1B 102 as a single element, but the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0048] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. For example, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0049] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and may receive user input data therefrom. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in a memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0050] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0051] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0052] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software modules and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth® module, FM radio unit, digital music player, media player, video game player module, Internet browser, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, activity tracker, etc. The peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors. The sensor may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geographic location sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, a humidity sensor, etc.

[0053] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both UL (e.g., for transmission) and DL (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference via hardware (e.g., choke) or via signal processing performed by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via the processor 118). In one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both UL (e.g., for transmission) or DL ​​(e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0054] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 in accordance with one embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0055] The RAN 104 may include evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of evolved Node-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the evolved Node-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0056] Each of the evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, etc. Figure 1C As shown, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another via an X2 interface.

[0057] Figure 1C The illustrated CN 106 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0058] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the evolved Node-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0059] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during an inter-evolved Node-B handover, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0060] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0061] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or may be in communication with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired networks and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0062] Although the WTRU Figures 1A to 1D Although described as wireless terminals, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments such terminals may (eg, temporarily or permanently) use a wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0063] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0064] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic to and / or carries traffic away from the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS and directed to the STA may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from the STA and directed to a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to the corresponding destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP, and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic may be sent between the source STA and the destination STA (e.g., directly between them) using direct link establishment (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunnel DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs within or using the IBSS (eg, all STAs in the STA) may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0065] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure operating mode or a similar operating mode, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel (such as a primary channel). The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a 20MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width. The primary channel may be an operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access / collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, a STA (e.g., each STA) (including the AP) may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a specific STA, the specific STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0066] High throughput (HT) STAs may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0067] Very high throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, and / or 160MHz wide channels. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels may be formed by combining consecutive 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 consecutive 20MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80MHz channels (this may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data may pass through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Each stream may be individually processed by an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and time domain processing. These streams may be mapped to two 80MHz channels, and data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operations described above for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to a medium access control (MAC).

[0068] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1GHz. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support meter type control / machine type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support for (e.g., only support for) certain bandwidths and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0069] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah include channels that can be designated as primary channels. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA (which supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode) from all STAs operating in the BSS. In the example of 802.11ah, for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) 1MHz mode, the primary channel may be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because a STA (which only supports the 1MHz operating mode) is transmitting to the AP, all available bands may be considered busy even if most of the available bands remain idle.

[0070] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0071] Figure 1D1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to one embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0072] The RAN 104 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technique. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNB 180a and the gNB 180b (and / or the gNB 180c).

[0073] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a set of parameters that may be scalable. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., containing varying numbers of OFDM symbols and / or varying absolute time lengths over time).

[0074] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also not accessing other RANs (e.g., such as the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may use one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as the eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility anchor for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0075] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, interworking between DC, NR, and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, etc. As shown in FIG. Figure 1D As shown, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[0076] Figure 1D The illustrated CN 106 may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possible data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b. Although the aforementioned elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0077] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via the N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, support of network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, management of registration areas, termination of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, mobility management, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing to customize CN support for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of services used by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0078] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 106 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 106 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b, and configure traffic routing through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing DL data notifications, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0079] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via the N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, providing mobility anchoring, etc.

[0080] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may include or may communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired networks and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to the DNs 185a, 185b via the UPFs 184a, 184b via the N3 interfaces to the UPFs 184a, 184b and the N6 interfaces between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the local DNs 185a, 185b.

[0081] Given that Figures 1A to 1D as well as Figures 1A to 1D Corresponding to the description of the present invention, one or more or all of the functions described herein with reference to one or more of the following may be performed by one or more simulation devices (not shown): WTRU102a-d, base station 114a-b, evolved Node B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b and / or any other device described herein. The simulation device may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the simulation device can be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0082] The simulation device may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, the one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or perform testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0083] The one or more simulation devices may perform one or more (including all) functions without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device may be used in a test scenario in a test lab and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network to enable testing of one or more components. The one or more simulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the simulation device to transmit and / or receive data.

[0084] In a wireless system (e.g., 5G New Radio (NR)), a WTRU may monitor the downlink radio link quality based on reference signals configured as radio link monitoring reference signal (RLM-RS) resources to detect the downlink radio link quality of the primary cell (PCell) and the primary secondary cell (PSCell). The configured RLM-RS resources may be all synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), all channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), or a mix of SSBs and CSI-RS. Outside the active downlink bandwidth part (DL BWP), the WTRU may not need to perform RLM. Similarly, the WTRU may evaluate the downlink radio link quality of the serving cell to detect beam failure.

[0085] A method of saving power may include a WTRU relaxing RLM / BFD requirements. There may be one or more criteria for RLM / BFD relaxation, and the one or more criteria may address one or more situations. In an example, there may be a relaxation of SSB-based RLM / BFD measurements in frequency range 1 (FR1). In an example, there may be a relaxation of CSI-RS-based RLM / BFD measurements in FR1. In an example, there may be a relaxation of CSI-RS-based RLM / BFD measurements in frequency range 2 (FR2). In an example, there may be a relaxation of SSB-based RLM / BFD measurements in FR2.

[0086] Relaxed BFD / RLM requirements can be supported for all deployment scenarios, such as New Radio Standalone (NR SA), E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC), NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC), NR Intra-band Carrier Aggregation (CA), NR Inter-band CA and New Radio Dual Connectivity (NR-DC).

[0087] For relaxation criteria, one or more of the following factors may be applied and / or considered. For example, the relaxation criteria may take into account the network to enable and disable measurement relaxation. In the example, whether the relaxed RLM / BFD requirements can be applied may depend on both the serving cell quality and the WTRU mobility state. In the example, the measurement relaxation criteria may be based on channel quality and / or mobility. In the example, the relaxation criteria may also consider that if the WTRU satisfies the serving cell quality exit condition, the low mobility exit condition and / or the DRX cycle length, none of which is allowed to be relaxed, the WTRU may exit the relaxation mode. When not in the relaxation state, the WTRU may perform measurements within a specific time period, and then may perform additional measurements after entering the relaxation state. In the example, if the WTRU applies a DRX cycle longer than 80ms, it may be assumed that the WTRU does not perform relaxed RLM / BFD measurements, and the existing RLM / BFD requirements may be applied. In the example, when neither the serving cell quality criteria nor the low mobility criteria are configured, the existing RLM / BFD requirements may be applied. In an example, if dedicated signaling or broadcast signaling indicates to the WTRU that the WTRU may relax RLM / BFD measurements, one or more of the previous lists may be modified. In some examples, if good serving cell criteria are predefined, one or more of the previous lists may be modified.

[0088] The WTRU may determine to enter the measurement relaxation state based on a power measurement value (e.g., RSRP) being above a power threshold (e.g., being above the power threshold indicating high channel quality). The power threshold may include one or more of an SINR threshold, an RSRP threshold, an RSSI threshold, or an RSRQ threshold. Additionally and alternatively, the WTRU may determine to enter the measurement relaxation state based on a change in the power measurement value (e.g., RSRP change) being below a change / mobility threshold (e.g., being below the change threshold indicating low mobility of the WTRU). The change / mobility threshold may include a change in RSRP within a specific time limit and / or a cell change count. The WTRU may determine to exit the measurement relaxation state based on a power measurement value (e.g., RSRP) being below a power threshold and / or based on a change in the power measurement value being above a change / mobility threshold. For the low mobility criteria, one or more of the following may be applied and / or may be considered (e.g., L3 RSRP measurement change and / or related RS measurement for L3 reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement).

[0089] For the cell quality criteria, one or more of the following may be applied and / or may be considered: When the radio link quality is better than a threshold, a good serving cell quality criterion for RLM / BFD relaxation may be defined (e.g., the radio link quality in the good serving cell quality criterion for RLM / BFD relaxation may be based on the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR)). In an example, the WTRU may reuse the SINR for RLM / BFD evaluation when determining whether the serving cell quality criterion is met. The WTRU may use a predefined or configured threshold. The SINR definition for good serving cell quality may have one or more criteria of its own.

[0090] If parameters are used instead of using predefined and / or implementation specific scenarios, the RLM / BFD relaxation criteria may be configured as a baseline by dedicated signaling (e.g., RadioLinkMonitoringConfig). The Access Stratum (AS) Capability procedure may be used to report the WTRU's ability to support RLM / BFD relaxation. The presence and / or absence of configuration for the RLM / BFD relaxation criteria in the signaling may indicate to the WTRU whether the WTRU can and / or should evaluate the criteria.

[0091] In an example, a question may arise as to whether the network (NW) needs to take control when the WTRU enters the relaxed state. In one example, radio resource control (RRC) signaling may be used to report and enable the relaxed state. However, this approach may generate unnecessary overhead for enabling / disabling in a dynamic manner every time the criteria are met.

[0092] In one example, a medium access control-control element (MAC CE) and / or L1 signaling may be used (e.g., by the NW) to dynamically enable / disable RLM / BFD relaxation. The WTRU may be configured to receive signaling that enables the WTRU to send a report. For example, the WTRU may use MAC CE and / or L1 signaling to send a report associated with RLM / BFD relaxation to the NW, such as (e.g.) a report containing an indication of whether the relaxation criteria have been met.

[0093] Figure 2 An exemplary signaling message sequence 200 is shown. At 206, the WTRU 202 sends RRC radio access capabilities to the gNB 204. At 208, the gNB 204 may configure reporting criteria using RRC signaling. At 210, the WTRU 202 may send an indication to the gNB 204 when the criteria are met. At 212, upon receiving the indication that the criteria are met, the gNB 204 may enable RLM / BFD relaxation.

[0094] Regarding the relaxation / reporting criteria, in an example, the out-of-sync and synchronization block error rate (BLER) for physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) mapping may be as shown in Table 1.

[0095]

[0096] Table 1: Out-of-sync and sync block error rates

[0097] In this example, the ratio between the PDCCH resource element (RE) energy and the average secondary synchronization signal (SSS) RE energy is 4dB and 0dB for out-of-sync (OOS) and in-sync (IS), respectively. Therefore, a 5dB difference can be defined.

[0098] Radio link monitoring may have specific evaluation cycles for non-DRX and DRX situations, respectively, and specific T for FR1 and FR2. 评估_输出_SSB and T 评估_输入_SSB In the example, an SSB-based evaluation period may also be defined on the CSI-RS. Therefore, in the following examples, an SSB reference may be used without reducing generality.

[0099] In an example, the evaluation period of OOS and IS may be evaluated as seen in Table 2. The example seen in Table 2 further considers FR1, where similar requirements may apply to CSI-RS.

[0100]

[0101] Table 2: Evaluation period T for FR1 评估_输出_SSB and T 评估_输入_SSB

[0102] As seen in Table 2, P is a factor that accounts for gaps that overlap and / or do not overlap with SSB-related symbols, and can take different values.

[0103] In an example, to perform RLM relaxation, the WTRU may use a first DRX cycle value to determine a requirement (e.g., an evaluation period), wherein the DRX cycle value used may be different from the value of the actual DRX cycle. For example, a scaling method may be used, wherein the first DRX cycle value may be determined by scaling the actual DRX cycle value (e.g., using an integer). The scaling factor K may be signaled by the network during RRC configuration. In an example, the scaling factor K may be signaled within an activation message. When the WTRU does not have a configured DRX cycle, the relaxation method and the first relaxed virtual DRX cycle for relaxation measurements may be semi-statically configured by the network as an RRC configuration. In addition, the first relaxed virtual DRX cycle may be dynamically activated separately by the MAC or DCI using the PDCCH via an activation message.

[0104] In an example, the requirement may be scaled directly. For example, the evaluation period and / or indication interval may be scaled using a scaling factor. Different requirements may be scaled using different scaling factors. The scaling factor may be signaled by the network during RRC configuration. The scaling factor may be signaled within an activation message.

[0105] In an example, the WTRU may use the value of a virtual DRX cycle when calculating RLM / BFD requirements (e.g., evaluation period and / or indication interval). The value of the virtual DRX cycle may be different from the value of the actual DRX cycle (e.g., the value of the virtual DRX cycle may be larger). The virtual DRX cycle may be used when the actual DRX is not configured. The set of possible values ​​of the virtual DRX cycle may be configured by a base station (e.g., a gNB). The specific value to be used may be indicated by the base station within an activation message and / or it may be selected autonomously by the WTRU. For example, when entering a relaxed state is indicated, the WTRU may select one of the configured virtual DRX cycle values. The selection may be a first evaluation period, which may be the lowest value in a set of values ​​signaled. The WTRU may then gradually increase the value (e.g., by selecting a larger configured value).

[0106] Additionally and / or alternatively, the WTRU may follow base station instructions, e.g., UP or DOWN, while changing the virtual DRX cycle for RLM evaluation. The base station may send an UP or DOWN command based on the reported cell / beam measurements while the WTRU may meet the relaxation criteria conditions. For example, if the WTRU is configured to be in a minimum configurable virtual DRX cycle and receives a DOWN command, the WTRU may exit the RLM relaxed mode of operation. If the WTRU receives an UP command after a better cell / beam report (e.g., a report indicating a higher beam RSRP than previously reported), the WTRU may move to a subsequent virtual DRX cycle in the configured list with more relaxed measurement sampling for RLM.

[0107] The relaxation criteria for the RLM case may be a threshold value defined as an offset to the OOS and / or IS SINR mapping. For example, this may be a Y=2dB offset to the IS-related SINR mapping for good quality of the serving cell. The offset may be predefined and / or may be a network configurable parameter. The offset may be uniquely defined relative to the OOS or IS SINR mapping and / or may be set individually or configured in different ways for each OOS and / or IS value. The RLM relaxation mode trigger may be based on a measurement that reaches the threshold and remains at the threshold for a certain amount of time. The time may be defined, for example, the time may be semi-statically configured by the network. The time may also be predefined.

[0108] Once the WTRU meets the low mobility condition based on RSRP cell measurement changes within a certain time interval and good cell quality in terms of RLM, the WTRU may report this favorable state of RLM / BFD relaxation to the network.

[0109] In an example, in addition to the serving cell and low mobility criteria, the relaxed criteria may also include, for example, beam switching and / or trigger time (TTT). The beam change count may be detected in the WTRU or in the NW; for example, in the WTRU, the beam used for RSRP needs to remain within a predefined time interval t. The WTRU may report the TTT criteria to be met for a duration before triggering a report.

[0110] The relaxation criteria and the reporting criteria may be separate. For example, the reporting criteria may use a lower threshold than the relaxation criteria. In an example, the WTRU may report an indication that the reporting criteria are met. Upon receiving the report, the NW may enable relaxation. The WTRU may then apply the actual relaxation when the relaxation criteria are met. DL control information may be received, wherein the control information may have an activation indication.

[0111] The L1 (physical layer) indication interval for OOS and IS for non-DRX cases can be set at T 指示_间隔 is max(10ms,T RLM-RS,M ) is configured, where T RLM,M is the shortest periodicity of all configured RLM-RS resources for the monitored cell.

[0112] If the DRX cycle length is less than or equal to 320ms, the L1 (physical layer) indication interval for OOS and IS for DRX cases can be between T 指示_间隔 is Max(10ms, 1.5×DRX_cycle_length, 1.5×T RLM-RS,M ), and if the DRX cycle length exceeds 320ms, it can be configured at T 指示_间隔 Configured when it is DRX_CYCLE_LENGTH.

[0113] When the network activates the relaxation state, the WTRU may scale T according to the measurement sampling rate after applying the relaxation factor K. 指示_间隔 The relaxation factor K may be configured semi-statically by the network, or alternatively, indicated by the network when the relaxation state is activated.

[0114] For example, scaling T 指示_间隔 One way to do this may be to use a virtual DRX relaxation cycle length. The virtual DRX relaxation cycle length may be defined as the sample measurement periodicity in the relaxation state. In this case, T 指示_间隔 It can be defined as: T 指示_间隔:max(10ms, virtual DRX relaxation cycle length, T RLM-RS,M ).

[0115] In the example, T 指示_间隔 It can be defined as: T 指示_间隔 :max(10ms, R*T RLM-RS,M ), where R is a scaling factor. If the scaling factor R is not an integer value, the scaling factor R may be rounded up, for example, by performing a rounding operation such as ceil(R). The scaling factor R may not be an integer value when used to scale other measures or thresholds of the RLM Qin, Q outputs. The scaling factor R may also be associated with a virtual DRX relaxation cycle length that may be linked to the T 评估 For example, the virtual DRX relaxation cycle length can be defined as R*T RLM-RS,M .

[0116] A WTRU capable of implementing the RLM / BFD relaxation feature may be configured with one or more parameters. For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more parameters for relaxation via RRC signaling. The WTRU may receive a MAC CE that may configure the parameter, for example, by indicating one of a set of predefined values. These predefined values ​​may include, for example, a relative threshold Y for an IS mapping threshold for good quality of a serving cell, a TTT for signaling an RLM / BFD relaxation ready state to the network, a counter for IS exceeding a good quality offset threshold (which may be reset whenever the WTRU samples a measurement below the offset level), and / or a TTT for signaling a network leaving the RLM / BFD relaxation state that is signaled when the WTRU samples a measurement in which OOS is detected.

[0117] Additionally and / or alternatively, a sample measurement and / or a defined number of samples falling below the IS normal operation threshold map may signal a relaxed state. Additionally and / or alternatively, an inhibit timer may prevent the WTRU from signaling an RLM / BFD relaxed ready state after signaling leaving the RLM / BFD relaxed state. The inhibit timer may track an inhibit time period and may be included in the configuration information. The configuration information may also indicate one or more inhibit time periods.

[0118] The relaxed state feature may involve uplink reporting, which may be implemented in one or more ways. For example, a UL report may be reported in a MAC CE and / or in uplink control information (e.g., in PUCCH and / or PUSCH), in a scheduling request, and / or in a buffer status report. The UL report may include a single bit to indicate that a criterion (e.g., an SINR threshold and / or a low mobility criterion) is met. The base station may configure the reporting criterion. The UL report may include multiple bits (e.g., 2 bits indicating the criteria, respectively). For example, 1 bit may indicate that an SINR threshold is met, and / or 1 bit may indicate that a low mobility criterion is met. The UL report may include 2 or more bits to request an increase or decrease in the relaxation level. For example, these bits may indicate an increase and / or decrease in a virtual DRX cycle value required for RLM / BFD in a relaxed state. For example, these bits may indicate an indication of the value of a virtual DRX cycle required for RLM / BFD in a relaxed state.

[0119] In an example, these bits may be used to increase and / or decrease a threshold and / or select a threshold from a set of thresholds. The data indicated by the report (e.g., the meaning of the code points included in the report) may depend on whether the NW has enabled and / or disabled relaxation. For example, if the NW has disabled relaxation, the report may indicate whether the threshold and low mobility criteria are met. If the NW has enabled relaxation, the report may indicate whether the threshold and low mobility criteria are no longer met. In addition, if the NW has enabled relaxation, these bits may be set according to different thresholds, or indicate an increase / decrease threshold.

[0120] With respect to dual connectivity carrier aggregation (DCCA), separate reporting and / or enabling may be performed per serving cell and / or serving beam. Additionally and / or alternatively, with respect to DCCA, the WTRU may report results to a primary cell group (MCG) and / or a secondary cell group (SCG). This may also imply enabling / disabling multiple bits. Furthermore, separate reporting per carrier may imply multiple bits for reporting.

[0121] In an example, a prohibit timer may be applied to a report trigger, for example, the WTRU may be configured to start a prohibit time period when the WTRU sends a report (e.g., sends a report to the MCG and / or SCG). After the WTRU exits relaxation, a timer may be started, and the WTRU may be prohibited from requesting relaxation via a UL report and / or entering relaxation while the timer is running. Additionally and alternatively, the WTRU may be prohibited from changing the relaxation state while the timer is running. The UL report may include whether the WTRU is in the relaxation state. The UL report may include an indication of whether any OOS indication has been detected during the relaxation state. The UL report may include an indication of whether a fallback has occurred and / or exiting the relaxation state (e.g., whether the WTRU is currently relaxed and whether the criteria are met). A new RRC re-establishment cause value may be introduced to explicitly indicate a radio link failure (RLF) during relaxation (e.g., serving and / or neighboring cell measurements, location information, and other information related to supporting self-organizing networks and / or minimizing drive testing).

[0122] For DL ​​control, the WTRU may receive an activation command when reporting the RLM / BFD relaxation readiness state to the network. The activation command may simply activate the relaxation configuration that has been received by the WTRU through RRC configuration. Activation may mean, for example, that the WTRU may start performing RLM / BFD in the relaxed state. Additionally and alternatively, the network may indicate in the activation command a value of the relaxation factor K and / or a value of the virtual DRX cycle that the WTRU may use. The relaxation factor K and / or the virtual DRX cycle value may be applied to the current evaluation cycle rules, which in turn may affect the TE valuate_输出 and TE valuate_输入 value.

[0123] Based on the knowledge of NW deployment, the DL control information may use a single bit to allow and / or prohibit relaxation. For example, the DL may be configured to indicate only "enable". In this example, the WTRU may autonomously indicate "disable" when the criteria are no longer met and / or when the "exit" criteria are met (e.g., where the "exit" criteria specifies when the WTRU is expected to exit the relaxed state).

[0124] The DL control information may indicate multiple relaxation requirements. For example, different requirements may be required to meet the SINR threshold and / or low mobility criteria. These different requirements may be indicated using multiple bits. In an example, a gradual relaxation may be performed (e.g., the DL control information may indicate the degree to which relaxation may be performed). The DL control information may indicate what requirements apply (e.g., used with an up request and / or a down request from the WTRU, and / or increasing and / or decreasing the relaxation factor K value).

[0125] For DL ​​control, if the NW indicates "allowed" and the criteria are met, the WTRU may relax. In this case, there may be different thresholds for reporting and / or applying the relaxation. These different thresholds may be obtained by applying offsets to configured and / or predefined criteria and / or by signaling separate thresholds. Additionally and / or alternatively, the use of separate thresholds may allow reporting to occur before the criteria that allow the WTRU to relax. In this case, the use of separate thresholds may be advantageous to compensate for processing delays at the gNB and / or propagation delays in the case of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs).

[0126] DL control may have an additional state where the NW indicates "allowed" even if the criteria are not met and / or reported. The NW may base this additional state on, for example, low mobility detected at the network. If based on beam switching, this indication may be more accurate than the cell quality measurement made by the WTRU.

[0127] For RLF, the WTRU (e.g., NR WTRU) may use counters and / or timers (such as counters N310, N311, and timer T310) to determine when to declare RLF. For example, when N310 consecutive OOS indications are detected from the physical layer, the WTRU may start a timer (e.g., T310). While T310 is running, the WTRU may attempt to resynchronize to the current cell. For example, if the physical layer sends N311 consecutive IS indications, the WTRU may stop T310 and consider itself back to IS. If T310 expires before the physical layer sends an N311 IS indication, the WTRU may consider that RLF has occurred. In addition, T310 may trigger the RRC re-establishment procedure.

[0128] When performing RLM using relaxed requirements, the WTRU may scale its OOS and IS indication periods accordingly, and therefore RLF detection may take longer. To address this situation and avoid network and / or WTRU performance issues, T310 may be scaled. For example, T310 may be scaled by the same scaling factor used for DRX and / or indications to accommodate the same number (e.g., T311 timer) of IS indications within the timer period T310. Additionally and alternatively, the T310 timer may maintain the same value and / or scale down the N310 counter to accommodate OOS indications within the same amount of time, and either the regular or relaxed requirements may be used. The RLF condition may scale the N311 counter so that the number of IS indications required to meet the "RLF recovery" condition will be during the same T310 period, whether using relaxed monitoring requirements or regular monitoring requirements.

[0129] Additionally and alternatively, a WTRU that meets the RLF conditions while using the relaxed requirements may avoid declaring RLF at this time. Instead, such a WTRU may autonomously fall back to the normal operation mode for RLM and / or restart the RLM timers and counters, and then only when the normal operation conditions for RLF are met, the WTRU may declare RLF.

[0130] Although reference is made herein to specific counters and / or timers, such references are for illustrative purposes only, and the associated methods and / or approaches are generally applicable to any counter and / or timer.

[0131] For fallbacks related to the relaxation feature, in addition to signaling the RLM / BFD relaxation ready state and / or leaving the RLM / BFD relaxation state, the WTRU may automatically fall back to normal RLM / BFD procedures based on one or more conditions. These conditions include, for example, the network configures new measurements, the network configures new measurements with gaps, cells in the same cell group are activated and / or deactivated, and / or bandwidth parts are activated or changed, the WTRU receives a new RLM / BFD relaxation configuration, wherein upon receiving the new RLM / BFD configuration, the WTRU may have to restart the process for entering the relaxation ready state, the WTRU detects one or more OOS indications, and / or the WTRU detects that the conditions for the RLM / BFD relaxation state are no longer met, and / or an exit condition is detected and returns to normal RLM / BFD operation. Additionally and alternatively, separate criteria may be used to enter and exit the relaxation state, for example, if a threshold and hysteresis are met, the relaxation state is enabled, and if below a threshold and / or there is no hysteresis, the relaxation state is exited. Additionally and alternatively, separate criteria such as TTT may be applied to enter relaxation or reporting criteria while exit and / or rollback occurs immediately.

[0132] Figure 3An exemplary flow chart 300 showing a method for relaxation operation is illustrated. At 302, a WTRU may be configured via RRC signaling to enable reporting of RLM / BFD relaxation. The configuration may include an indication of an SINR threshold for determining serving cell quality and / or a relative RSRP threshold and time period for determining low mobility. At 304, reporting criteria may be initialized and / or updated based on the configuration and predetermined rules to include serving cell quality and / or low mobility. At 306, the WTRU may continuously and / or periodically evaluate the reporting criteria until one or more of the reporting criteria are met. At 308, the WTRU may transmit an uplink indication (e.g., in a MAC CE) of whether one or more criteria are met. At 310, the WTRU may receive a downlink indication (e.g., in a MAC CE) of whether the WTRU may relax its RLM / BFD requirements and / or how its RLM / BFD requirements may be relaxed. At 312, the WTRU may determine whether the relaxation criteria are met. This may include a value for the DL indication and / or may include an indication of whether other criteria (e.g., serving cell quality and / or low mobility) are met. At 314, the WTRU may update the measurement requirements in use. Then, at 314, the WTRU may continue to update reporting criteria based on the configuration and / or measurement requirements in use.

[0133] As described herein, a higher layer may refer to one or more layers in a protocol stack and / or a specific sublayer within a protocol stack. A protocol stack may include one or more layers in a WTRU and / or a network node (e.g., an eNB, a gNB, other functional entities, etc.), each of which may have one or more sublayers. Each layer and / or sublayer may be responsible for one or more functions. Each layer and / or sublayer may communicate directly and / or indirectly with one or more other layers and / or sublayers in other layers and / or sublayers. In an example, these layers and / or sublayers may be numbered, such as (for example) layer 1, layer 2, and layer 3. For example, layer 3 may include one or more of the following: for example, NAS, IP, and / or RRC. For example, layer 2 may include one or more of the following: for example, packet data convergence control (PDCP), RLC, and / or MAC. For example, layer 3 may include physical (PHY) layer type operations. The higher the number of a layer, the higher the layer is relative to other layers (e.g., layer 3 is higher than layer 1).

[0134] In an example, the foregoing examples may be referred to as layers and / or sublayers themselves, regardless of the layer number, and may be referred to as higher layers as described herein. For example, from highest to lowest, a higher layer may refer to one or more of the following layers / sublayers: for example, a NAS layer, an RRC layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, a MAC layer, and / or a PHY layer. Any reference to a higher layer in conjunction with a process, device, or system herein may refer to a layer higher than the layer of the process, device, or system. In an example, a reference to a higher layer herein may refer to a function or operation performed by one or more layers described herein. In an example, a reference to a higher layer herein may refer to information sent and / or received by one or more layers described herein. In an example, a reference to a higher layer herein may refer to a configuration sent and / or received by one or more layers described herein.

[0135] Figure 4 An exemplary flow chart showing a process 400 is illustrated, which may be performed by a WTRU to determine measurements based on relaxation criteria, when to enter (or exit) a relaxed state, and how to report to the network and / or cell when the WTRU has entered (or exited) a relaxed state. At 402, the WTRU may receive configuration information. The configuration information may include any combination of measurement relaxation criteria (e.g., a first set of relaxation criteria) for RLM or BDF, an indication to enable reporting to the cell, and / or a prohibited time period. After receiving the configuration information, at 404, the WTRU may perform measurements based on (e.g., using) the first set of relaxation criteria (e.g., a first evaluation period and / or a first periodicity). These measurements may include L3 RSRP measurement changes and / or related RS measurements for L3 RSRP measurements.

[0136] The WTRU may compare the measurement to one or more thresholds at 406. The thresholds may include one or more of a power threshold and / or a mobility threshold (e.g., such as an SINR threshold, an RSRP threshold, an RSSI threshold, an RSRQ threshold, and / or a low mobility criterion such as a change in RSRP within a certain time limit and / or a cell change count).

[0137] At 408, the WTRU may select a set of relaxation criteria (e.g., a first set of relaxation criteria or a second set of relaxation criteria) based on a comparison between measurements made using the first set of relaxation criteria and one or more thresholds. For example, if the measurements are above the one or more thresholds, the WTRU may select the first set of relaxation criteria, and if the measurements are below the one or more thresholds, the WTRU may select the second set of relaxation criteria. The second relaxation criteria may include a second evaluation period and / or a second periodicity (e.g., which may be different from the first evaluation period and / or the first periodicity). In some examples, the WTRU may use the first relaxation criteria when the WTRU is not in a measurement relaxation state, and may use the second relaxation criteria when the WTRU is in a measurement relaxation state, or vice versa.

[0138] At 410, the WTRU may perform measurements based on the set of relaxation criteria selected at 408. At 412, the WTRU may compare the measurements performed at 410 to one or more thresholds, for example, to determine whether a change in relaxation state has occurred (e.g., so that the WTRU may determine whether to change into the measurement-relaxation state or to change out of the measurement-relaxation state). The WTRU may use different relaxation criteria when the WTRU is in the measurement-relaxation state than when the WTRU is not in the measurement-relaxation state. At 414, the WTRU may determine whether the WTRU has changed relaxation state, for example, based on the comparison performed at 412. If the WTRU determines that the relaxation state has not changed, the WTRU may return to 410 and compare the measurements made using the selected set of relaxation criteria to one or more thresholds.

[0139] If the WTRU determines that the relaxation state has changed, then at 416, the WTRU may determine whether the inhibit time period has expired (e.g., whether the inhibit timer is running). As described in greater detail herein, the WTRU may be configured to start the inhibit timer based on the inhibit time period received in the configuration information at 402. For example, the WTRU may be configured to start the inhibit timer in response to sending a report (e.g., a UL report) to the network indicating the measurement relaxation state of the WTRU (e.g., whether the WTRU has entered the measurement relaxation state or has exited the measurement relaxation state), which may occur, for example, at 418. If the WTRU determines at 416 that the inhibit time period has not expired, the WTRU may return to 410 and compare the measurements made using the selected set of relaxation criteria to one or more thresholds.

[0140] If the WTRU determines that the inhibit time period has expired, then at 418, the WTRU may send a report to the network that it has entered (or exited) the relaxed state. For example, if the WTRU determines that the inhibit time period has expired, the WTRU may change its measurement relaxed state. In some examples, the WTRU may report a measurement relaxed state indication when the relaxed state has changed, state reporting is enabled, and / or the inhibit timer is not running. By notifying the network and / or cell when the WTRU has entered and / or exited the relaxed state, the network and / or cell may know when conditions are optimal and / or when the WTRU may react quickly or slowly.

[0141] At 420, after the WTRU sends the report, the WTRU may restart the inhibit timer. In an example, when the WTRU sends a report (e.g., a UL report), the WTRU may start an inhibit time period. In some examples, the WTRU may select a set of relaxed criteria for performing measurements (e.g., a first set of relaxed criteria when the WTRU is not in a relaxed state, or a second set of relaxed criteria when the WTRU is in a relaxed state), and then return to 410. Using an inhibit time period may, for example, prevent the WTRU from entering and exiting a relaxed state too frequently and / or reduce the number of reports (e.g., UL reports) that the WTRU sends to the network.

[0142] Although the features and elements are described above in specific combinations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. In addition, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via a wired or wireless connection) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (such as built-in hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and optical media (such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs)). A processor associated with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: A processor and a memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: receiving a first radio resource control (RRC) message including configuration information indicating measurement relaxation criteria for measurements associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam failure detection (BFD) and a value of a prohibit timer associated with reporting a measurement relaxation state; determining, based on the measurement relaxation criteria being satisfied for at least one serving cell, that the WTRU is to operate in a measurement relaxed state for the at least one serving cell, wherein the measurement relaxed state is associated with a changed measurement assessment period compared to a measurement assessment period of a non-relaxed measurement state; sending a second RRC message including a first report indicating that the WTRU is operating in a measurement relaxed state for the at least one serving cell, wherein the first report includes a respective indication of respective measurement relaxed state information for each of a plurality of serving cells; starting the inhibit timer based on determining that the WTRU will operate in the measurement relaxed state when sending the first report; determining that the measurement relaxation state of the WTRU for the at least one serving cell has changed based on the measurement relaxation criteria being not satisfied for the at least one serving cell; determining that the inhibit timer is not running; sending a third RRC message including a second report, wherein the second report is sent based on a determination that the measurement relaxation state has changed and a determination that the inhibit timer is not running, wherein the second report includes an indication of the changed measurement relaxation state for the at least one serving cell of the plurality of serving cells; as well as Based on determining that the WTRU will be operating in the changed measurement relaxed state when sending the second report, starting the inhibit timer.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The measurement relaxation criterion includes, for the at least one serving cell, an offset based on a synchronization measurement criterion applied to the at least one serving cell.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The measurement relaxation criterion includes a low mobility criterion.

4. The WTRU of claim 3, wherein: The low mobility criterion is associated with a reference signal received power threshold.

5. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The measurement relaxation criterion is evaluated during an evaluation period.

6. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The changed measurement relaxation state for the at least one serving cell corresponds to a non-relaxed measurement state.

7. The WTRU of claim 6, wherein: The non-relaxed measurement state corresponds to a normal mode of the measurement associated with RLM or BFD.

8. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The first report indicates that the WTRU is operating in the measurement relaxation state for the at least one serving cell by setting a bit to a value indicating that the measurement relaxation criteria are satisfied for the at least one serving cell.

9. A method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving a first radio resource control (RRC) message including configuration information indicating measurement relaxation criteria for measurements associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam failure detection (BFD) and a value of a prohibit timer associated with reporting a measurement relaxation state; determining, based on the measurement relaxation criteria being satisfied for at least one serving cell, that the WTRU is to operate in a measurement relaxed state for the at least one serving cell, wherein the measurement relaxed state is associated with a changed measurement assessment period compared to a measurement assessment period of a non-relaxed measurement state; sending a second RRC message including a first report indicating that the WTRU is operating in a measurement relaxed state for the at least one serving cell, wherein the first report includes a respective indication of respective measurement relaxed state information for each of a plurality of serving cells; starting the inhibit timer based on determining that the WTRU will operate in the measurement relaxed state when sending the first report; determining that the measurement relaxation state of the WTRU for the at least one serving cell has changed based on the measurement relaxation criteria being not satisfied for the at least one serving cell; determining that the inhibit timer is not running; sending a third RRC message including a second report, wherein the second report is sent based on a determination that the measurement relaxation state has changed and a determination that the inhibit timer is not running, wherein the second report includes an indication of the changed measurement relaxation state for the at least one serving cell of the plurality of serving cells; as well as Based on determining that the WTRU will be operating in the changed measurement relaxed state when sending the second report, starting the inhibit timer.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The measurement relaxation criterion includes, for the at least one serving cell, an offset based on a synchronization measurement criterion applied to the at least one serving cell.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The measurement relaxation criterion includes a low mobility criterion.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The low mobility criterion is associated with a reference signal received power threshold.

13. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The measurement relaxation criterion is evaluated during an evaluation period.

14. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The changed measurement relaxation state for the at least one serving cell corresponds to a non-relaxed measurement state.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The non-relaxed measurement state corresponds to a normal mode of the measurement associated with RLM or BFD.

16. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The first report indicates that the WTRU is operating in the measurement relaxation state for the at least one serving cell by setting a bit to a value indicating that the measurement relaxation criteria is satisfied for the at least one serving cell.

17. The WTRU of claim 1 wherein: The processor and memory are further configured to: receiving a possible value set and an activation message for a virtual discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle; selecting a first value of a virtual DRX cycle from the set of possible values ​​based on the activation message; determining a first RLM or a first BFD requirement based on the first value of the virtual DRX cycle; selecting one or more subsequent values ​​from a set of possible values ​​for a virtual DRX cycle, the one or more subsequent values ​​being based on the first value, wherein each of the one or more subsequent values ​​selected is greater than a value selected before it; as well as A second RLM or a second BFD requirement is determined based on the selected one or more subsequent values.

18. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: receiving a possible value set and an activation message for a virtual discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle; selecting a first value of a virtual DRX cycle from the set of possible values ​​based on the activation message; determining a first RLM or a first BFD requirement based on the first value of the virtual DRX cycle; selecting one or more subsequent values ​​from the set of possible values ​​of the virtual DRX cycle, the one or more subsequent values ​​being based on the first value, wherein each of the one or more subsequent values ​​selected is greater than a value selected before it; as well as A second RLM or a second BFD requirement is determined based on the selected one or more subsequent values.

19. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: A processor and a memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: receiving configuration information from a network, the configuration information indicating a measurement relaxation criterion for measurements associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam failure detection (BFD); determining that the WTRU is to operate in a measurement relaxed state for at least one serving cell based on the measurement relaxation criteria being satisfied for the at least one serving cell; sending measurements associated with the serving cell to a base station; receiving an UP command or a DOWN command from the base station based on the measurement associated with the serving cell; as well as and moving to a subsequent virtual discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle after receiving the UP command, or exiting the measurement relaxation state after receiving the DOWN command.

20. The WTRU of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to: receiving a set of possible values ​​for a virtual discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle; and The shortest value of the virtual DRX cycle is selected from the set of possible values.

21. The WTRU of claim 19, wherein the relaxation criteria comprises a threshold associated with an out-of-sync (OOS) offset or a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) mapping.

22. A method implemented by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving configuration information from a network, the configuration information indicating a measurement relaxation criterion for measurements associated with radio link monitoring (RLM) or beam failure detection (BFD); determining that the WTRU is to operate in a measurement relaxed state for at least one serving cell based on the measurement relaxation criteria being satisfied for the at least one serving cell; sending measurements associated with the serving cell to a base station; receiving an UP command or a DOWN command from the base station based on measurements associated with the serving cell; as well as Entering a subsequent virtual discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle after receiving the UP command, or exiting the measurement relaxation state after receiving the DOWN command.

23. The WTRU of claim 22, wherein the processor is further configured to: receiving a set of possible values ​​for a virtual discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle; and The shortest value of the virtual DRX cycle is selected from the set of possible values.

24. The WTRU of claim 22 wherein: The relaxation criteria include a threshold associated with an out-of-sync (OOS) offset or a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) mapping.

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