Fertilizing cultivation method and fertilizing device for improving salinization of grape soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a fertilization cultivation method for improving grape soil salinization and a fertilization device.The fertilization device comprises a soil turning mounting cover, a fertilization assembly is arranged in the middle of one side of the mounting cover, the fertilization assembly is used for fertilizing soil of different depths in saline-alkali soil, and the fertilization assembly comprises a fertilizer pipe; an extending inclined pipe is arranged on one side of the fertilizer pipe in a penetrating manner and is obliquely arranged; a plurality of groups of inner bearing covers are fixedly arranged in the fertilizer pipe, the inner bearing covers are arranged in a concave fan shape, and the diameter of the inner bearing cover arranged at the upper part is smaller than that of the inner bearing cover arranged at the lower part; one end, close to the fertilizer pipe, of the inner receiving cover is matched with the fertilizer pipe. Fertilizer can be scattered into soil of different depths, the fertilizer leakage opening is opened according to the fertilization depth, it is guaranteed that the fertilizer can be fully mixed with the soil, the risk of saline-alkaline property of facility grape soil under large-scale application of inorganic fertilizer is reduced, organic fertilizer is combined for partially replacing the inorganic fertilizer and green manure for planting, and soil salinization is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a fertilization cultivation method and a fertilization device for improving salinization of grape soil. Background Art

[0002] The temperature in greenhouses is high for a long time, and high fertilizer is common in the process of grape cultivation, which leads to serious soil salinization problems, thereby reducing grape yield and quality. Soil salinization, also known as "soil salinization", refers to the process in which the salt in the bottom of the soil or groundwater rises to the surface with capillary water and accumulates, causing the soluble salt content in the surface soil to exceed a certain level (usually more than 0.3%). This process will cause the soil to compact, seriously affecting the normal growth of plants and causing a decrease in land productivity.

[0003] Land salinization is an issue that needs to be taken seriously in greenhouse grape cultivation. By taking reasonable improvement measures, the soil salt content can be effectively reduced, soil fertility can be improved, and a good soil environment can be created for grape growth.

[0004] The patent with the authorized patent number CN112521948B discloses a fertilization method for improving secondary salinized greenhouse soil. The fertilization method includes applying organic fertilizer and bacterial agent to the secondary salinized greenhouse soil to be improved, so that the secondary salinized greenhouse soil to be improved is improved, and the active ingredient of the bacterial agent is Paenibacillus. Applying organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and then applying Paenibacillus milii bacterial agent can improve the secondary salinized soil into neutral soil.

[0005] The above patent achieves the purpose of improving the soil by adding organic fertilizers and microbial agents. The soil in the greenhouse is not affected by rainfall conditions and there is no rainfall leaching effect, which results in the salt in the soil not being able to be lost with rainwater or leached into the deep soil layer. Mineral ions and salt substances accumulate on the surface of the soil. The improvement of soil quality is slow by simply adding organic fertilizers and microbial agents, and the deeper land cannot be improved in time, which may affect the growth of plants. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a fertilization cultivation method and a fertilization device for improving salinization of grape soil.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a fertilization device for improving the salinization of grape soil, comprising a soil turning installation cover;

[0008] A fertilization component, which is placed in the middle of one side of the mounting cover and is used to fertilize soil at different depths in saline-alkali land. The fertilization component includes a fertilizer pipe;

[0009] An extended inclined pipe is provided through one side of the fertilizer pipe, and the extended inclined pipe is inclined;

[0010] A plurality of groups of inner receiving covers are fixedly arranged in the fertilizer pipe, and the inner receiving covers are arranged in a concave fan shape, and the diameter of the inner receiving cover arranged at the top is smaller than that of the inner receiving cover arranged at the bottom;

[0011] One end of the inner receiving cover close to the fertilizer pipe is matched with the fertilizer pipe.

[0012] Specifically, a soil crushing piece is rotatably arranged in the middle of the soil turning installation cover, a metal frame is welded above the soil turning installation cover, a plurality of fertilizer boxes for placing fertilizers are arranged on the top of the metal frame, and the fertilizer boxes are connected to the fertilizer pipe through a pipeline.

[0013] Specifically, side distribution plates are arranged on both sides of the fertilizer pipe, and external leakage holes are opened on the side walls of the side distribution plates. The external leakage holes are arranged in cooperation with the extended inclined pipe.

[0014] Specifically, the side distribution plate is fixedly connected to the metal frame through a fixed T-shaped plate fixedly connected in the middle, and a conical thorn is fixedly connected to one side of the side distribution plate close to the soil crushing piece.

[0015] Specifically, the side distribution plate is hollow, and a plurality of push plates are slidably arranged on one side of the side distribution plate close to the conical thorns. One end of the push plate is placed outside the side distribution plate and is connected to the side wall of the side distribution plate through a reset spring.

[0016] Specifically, a nitrogen cylinder is fixedly connected inside the side distribution plate, a sealing plate is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the nitrogen cylinder, and a side hole is opened on the side wall of the sealing plate;

[0017] The sealing plate is pushed by the pushing plate, so that the side hole can coincide with the external leakage hole.

[0018] Specifically, a plurality of side pyramids are fixedly connected to the outside of the side distribution plate, and the side pyramids are placed on a side of the external material leakage hole close to the soil crushing piece.

[0019] Specifically, a soil leveling roller is rotatably provided at one end of the soil turning installation cover away from the soil crushing piece, a scraper is fixedly provided above the soil leveling roller, and the scraper is fixedly connected to the soil turning installation cover.

[0020] The present invention also provides a fertilization cultivation method for improving grape soil salinization, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1: Deep plowing and soil improvement: Turn the salt-rich topsoil and part of the soil on the ridge back to the lower layer, and at the same time turn the lower soil with relatively less salt to the upper layer, so that the topsoil and deep soil are fully mixed;

[0022] S2: Timely film removal: Remove the greenhouse film in time to allow natural rainfall to wet the soil;

[0023] S3: Use water to drain salt: Use summer irrigation to wash the soil, allowing the salt to seep downward and flow into groundwater for drainage;

[0024] S4: Apply more organic fertilizer: Increase the organic matter content in the soil, especially apply more fully decomposed organic fertilizer;

[0025] S5: Rational fertilization: When using chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer, it should be applied deeply and in small amounts and multiple times;

[0026] S6: Covering to reduce salt: Covering the grape rows in the greenhouse with plastic film or crop straw;

[0027] S7: Plant plants to regulate the soil: Plant vetch in the middle of the grapes to regulate the soil.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the invention: Compared with the prior art, the present invention can spread fertilizer into the soil at different depths, open the fertilizer leakage port according to the fertilization depth, ensure that the fertilizer can be fully mixed with the soil, which is beneficial to reducing the risk of salinity and alkalinity of facility grape soil under the large-scale application of inorganic fertilizers, and combine organic fertilizers to partially replace inorganic fertilizers and green manure planting to improve soil salinization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 Axis view of

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fertilization assembly of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Axis view of

[0034] Figure 5 This is a position diagram of the push plate and the sealing plate of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a fertilizer pipe of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a flow chart of the fertilization method of the present invention.

[0037] In the figure: 1, soil turning installation cover; 12, soil crushing parts; 13, connecting pulley; 21, metal frame; 22, fertilizer box; 23, pipeline; 3, soil leveling roller; 31, scraper; 6, fertilization assembly; 61, side distribution plate; 611, fixed T-shaped plate; 62, external leakage hole; 621, fertilizer pipe; 622, inner receiving cover; 623, extended inclined pipe; 63, side pyramid; 64, push plate; 641, reset spring; 66, conical thorn; 67, nitrogen cylinder; 68, sealing plate; 681, side hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0039] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, a fertilization device for improving grape soil salinization of the present invention comprises a soil turning installation cover 1;

[0040] A fertilization component 6, which is placed in the middle of one side of the mounting cover. The fertilization component 6 is used to fertilize soil at different depths in saline-alkali land. The fertilization component 6 includes a fertilizer pipe 621;

[0041] An extended inclined pipe 623 is provided through one side of the fertilizer pipe 621, and the extended inclined pipe 623 is provided in an inclined manner;

[0042] A plurality of sets of inner receiving covers 622 are fixedly arranged in the fertilizer pipe 621. The inner receiving covers 622 are arranged in a concave fan shape. The inner receiving covers 622 arranged at the top have a smaller diameter than the inner receiving covers 622 arranged at the bottom.

[0043] One end of the inner receiving cover 622 close to the fertilizer pipe 621 is matched with the fertilizer pipe 621 .

[0044] By setting the fertilization component 6, it is possible to fertilize the soil at different depths. Before fertilization, the land is turned over to a depth of 15-20 cm. In autumn, the grape soil in the greenhouse is deeply turned over. Saline-alkali substances are mostly concentrated on the soil surface. The surface soil and the deep soil are mixed evenly by turning over the soil. The fertilization component 6 can simultaneously deliver fertilizer to different soil depths, which is beneficial for combining fertilizer with saline-alkali elements. The calcium ions in the gypsum can replace the sodium ions on the soil colloid to form sodium sulfate that is not easily soluble in water, thereby reducing the soluble salt content in the soil. Gypsum can also increase the soil aggregate structure, improve soil aeration and water permeability, and be beneficial to the growth of grape roots.

[0045] Fertilizer can be transmitted through the fertilizer pipe 621, and the inner receiving cover 622 can gather the fertilizer and then flow it out through the extended inclined tube 623, so as to deliver the fertilizer to positions at different depths; wherein the inner receiving cover 622 is arranged in a concave fan shape, so that the fertilizer falling on the upper surface can flow quickly to the extended inclined tube 623, and the inner receiving cover 622 placed above has a smaller diameter than the inner receiving cover 622 placed below, so that fertilizer can flow out from positions at different depths of the soil, thereby realizing fertilization operations at different depths of the soil.

[0046] Specifically, a soil crushing piece 12 is rotatably arranged in the middle of the soil turning installation cover 1, a metal frame 21 is welded above the soil turning installation cover 1, and a plurality of fertilizer boxes 22 for placing fertilizers are arranged on the top of the metal frame 21, and the fertilizer boxes 22 are connected to the fertilizer pipe 621 through a pipe 23.

[0047] The soil crushing element 12 is connected to the tractor via a connecting pulley 13 for power transmission;

[0048] The soil crushing piece 12 can be used to crush the soil, and the tillage depth is 15-20 cm. In autumn, the grape soil in the greenhouse is deeply tilled. Saline-alkali substances are mostly concentrated on the soil surface. The surface soil and the deep soil are mixed evenly by tillage. A variety of fertilizer particles can be placed in the fertilizer box 22 and transmitted to the fertilizer pipe 621 through the pipeline 23 for fertilization.

[0049] Specifically, side distribution plates 61 are provided on both sides of the fertilizer pipe 621 , and external leakage holes 62 are opened on the side walls of the side distribution plates 61 . The external leakage holes 62 are matched with the extended inclined pipe 623 .

[0050] The fertilizer pipe 621 can move synchronously with the side distribution plate 61, and the side distribution plate 61 protects the fertilizer pipe 621. The fertilizer in the extended inclined pipe 623 can leak out from the external leakage hole 62 to a preset depth, which is conducive to mixing the fertilizer with soil at different depths.

[0051] Specifically, the side distribution plate 61 is fixedly connected to the metal frame 21 via a fixed T-shaped plate 611 fixedly connected in the middle, and a conical thorn 66 is fixedly connected to one side of the side distribution plate 61 close to the soil crushing piece 12 .

[0052] The conical thorns 66 enable the side distribution plate 61 to smoothly enter the soil, and the stability of the side distribution plate 61 moving in the soil is ensured by welding the fixed T-shaped plate 611 and the metal frame 21;

[0053] Specifically, the side distribution plate 61 is hollow, and a plurality of push plates 64 are slidably arranged on one side of the side distribution plate 61 close to the conical thorn 66. One end of the push plate 64 is placed outside the side distribution plate 61 and is connected to the side wall of the side distribution plate 61 through a return spring 641.

[0054] A nitrogen cylinder 67 is fixedly connected inside the side distribution plate 61, and a sealing plate 68 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the nitrogen cylinder 67. A side hole 681 is opened on the side wall of the sealing plate 68;

[0055] The sealing plate 68 is pushed by the pushing plate 64 so that the side hole 681 can overlap with the external leakage hole 62 .

[0056] When deep soil fertilization is carried out, the deeper the pushing plate 64 enters the soil, the resistance it will encounter when entering the soil. When encountering the resistance of the soil, the pushing plate 64 will enter the side distribution plate 61, and the pushing plate 64 can push the sealing plate 68 in the side distribution plate 61. At this time, the return spring 641 and the nitrogen cylinder 67 will be compressed, and the external leakage hole 62 will coincide with the side hole 681, and the fertilizer can flow out smoothly. When the fertilization is completed, the side distribution plate 61 is lifted from the soil, and under the push of the return spring 641 and the nitrogen cylinder 67, the pushing plate 64 moves to the initial position, and the sealing plate 68 at this time blocks the external leakage hole 62 to prevent fertilizer leakage after the fertilization is completed.

[0057] Specifically, a plurality of side pyramids 63 are fixedly connected to the outside of the side distribution plate 61 , and the side pyramids 63 are placed on a side of the external material leakage hole 62 close to the soil crushing piece 12 .

[0058] The edges of the multiple groups of side pyramids 63 are sharp, which can further crush the soil around the fertilizer, which is beneficial for the fertilizer to be quickly mixed with the soil. The side pyramids 63 can slow down the backflow of the dislodged soil, which is beneficial for the smooth outflow of the fertilizer.

[0059] Specifically, a soil leveling roller 3 is rotatably provided at one end of the soil turning installation cover 1 away from the soil crushing piece 12 , a scraper 31 is fixedly provided above the soil leveling roller 3 , and the scraper 31 is fixedly connected to the soil turning installation cover 1 .

[0060] The soil leveling roller 3 can make the soil level, and the scraper 31 can prevent a large amount of soil from adhering to the surface of the soil leveling roller 3.

[0061] The experimental site is located in the transition zone between the northern subtropical zone and the warm temperate zone, with both northern and southern climate characteristics. The annual average temperature is 15.7°C, the annual sunshine hours are 2284 to 2495 hours, the sunshine rate is 52% to 57%, the annual average rainfall is 800 to 930 mm, and the rainy season precipitation accounts for 56% of the annual precipitation.

[0062] The experiment started in winter, with initial soil organic matter of 17.50 g / kg, total nitrogen of 1.20 g / kg, available potassium of 143 mg / kg, available phosphorus of 34.6 mg / kg, alkaline nitrogen of 75.80 mg / kg, total phosphorus of 0.85 g / kg, cation exchange capacity of 13.4 cmol / kg, conductivity of 879 us / cm, pH of 7.84, and total potassium of 12.40 g / kg.

[0063] The present invention also provides a fertilization cultivation method for improving grape soil salinization, which comprises the following steps:

[0064] S1: Deep plowing and soil improvement: Turn the salt-rich topsoil and part of the soil on the ridge back to the lower layer, and at the same time turn the lower soil with relatively less salt to the upper layer, so that the topsoil and deep soil are fully mixed;

[0065] In autumn, the grape soil in the greenhouse is deep-turned. Most of the salt-alkali is concentrated on the soil surface. The surface soil and deep soil are mixed evenly by turning the soil. The turning depth is 15cm-20cm. The soil is sampled and tested, and the soil nutrient content is analyzed to prepare for subsequent improvement.

[0066] S2: Timely film removal: Remove the greenhouse film in time to allow natural rainfall to wet the soil;

[0067] After the grapes are harvested in summer, the greenhouse film should be removed in time to allow rainwater to irrigate the land naturally. Rainwater can remove the salinity and alkali components in the soil, reduce the degree of soil salinization, and be beneficial to the growth of grapes.

[0068] S3: Use water to drain salt: Use summer irrigation to wash the soil, allowing the salt to seep downward and flow into groundwater for drainage;

[0069] Once the greenhouse soil salinization is found to be aggravated, the soil can be irrigated in summer after the protected cultivation is completed to allow the salt to seep downward into the groundwater for drainage; drainage ditches can also be dug nearby to carry the salt into the ditch with the irrigation and then flow to a distant place. During the greenhouse grape cultivation period, if the soil solution concentration is found to be too high, the number of irrigations and the amount of irrigation can be increased to allow the salt to seep downward into the groundwater for drainage.

[0070] S4: Apply more organic fertilizer: Increase the organic matter content in the soil, especially apply more fully decomposed organic fertilizer;

[0071] The decomposition of organic fertilizer also produces humic acid, which increases the solubility of calcium carbonate, magnesium and other ions in the soil and improves soil salinization; refer to Table 1:

[0072]

[0073] The data on soil salinity reduction is based on the measurement of soil EC value, which reflects the soluble salt content in the soil. After one month of organic fertilizer application, the soil EC value of each treatment was significantly lower than that of the original soil, with a decrease of 28.26% to 53.70%.

[0074] Changes in soil pH vary depending on the type of organic fertilizer and soil conditions, but in general, the addition of organic fertilizers can improve the pH of the soil, making it more suitable for crop growth.

[0075] The reduction in soil bulk density depends on the amount and type of organic fertilizer applied. In severely salinized soils, the soil bulk density of the high-amount organic fertilizer treatment was significantly lower than that of the control treatment.

[0076] The improvement of soil water retention capacity is achieved by improving soil structure and increasing soil porosity through organic fertilizers. This helps to reduce water evaporation and the accumulation of salt in the soil surface, thereby reducing the risk of salinization.

[0077] The data on crop growth is based on the effects of organic fertilizers on crop stress resistance, yield and quality. The application of organic fertilizers can provide the comprehensive nutrition required by crops, promote crop growth, and improve crop stress resistance and yield quality.

[0078] S5: Rational fertilization: When using chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer, it should be applied deeply and in small amounts and multiple times;

[0079] In autumn, chemical fertilizers are mixed with organic fertilizers and applied to the ground, which is then plowed.

[0080] It is generally difficult to apply topdressing deeply. It is better to increase the frequency of topdressing, but the amount of fertilizer applied each time should be strictly controlled to avoid applying too much at one time, which will lead to an increase in soil solution concentration.

[0081] It is recommended to use flushing fertilization and foliar fertilization. Foliar fertilization is not easy to cause soil salinization and has a quick effect.

[0082] Choose fertilizers with a smaller salt efficiency index, such as diammonium phosphate and superphosphate, to reduce the harm of salt stress.

[0083] S6: Covering to reduce salt: Covering the grape rows in the greenhouse with plastic film or crop straw;

[0084] Cover the spaces between rows of greenhouse grapes with plastic film or crop straw to reduce surface evaporation and inhibit the rise of groundwater, thereby slowing down the upward movement of salt with soil moisture and its accumulation on the surface.

[0085] In particular, laying straw can not only reduce soil surface evaporation, but also increase soil organic matter and fertilize the soil. For soil quality data, refer to Table 2.

[0086]

[0087] Note: “-” in the table means no specific data is provided.

[0088] In addition, straw fermentation can improve soil alkalinity. In the process of converting straw into organic fertilizer through microbial decomposition, microorganisms will secrete acidic substances such as organic acids, which can neutralize alkaline substances in the soil, thereby reducing the pH value of the soil and improving soil alkalinity. Returning straw to the field can also improve soil fertility, have a significant impact on soil structure and function, and may be beneficial to improving soil salinity to a certain extent.

[0089] S7: Plant plants to regulate the soil: Plant vetch in the middle of the grapes to regulate the soil.

[0090] Sweet potato has the ability to fix nitrogen. It can convert nitrogen in the air into organic nitrogen, and then add it to the soil, effectively increasing the organic nitrogen content in the soil, which is of great significance for improving soil fertility. The root system of sweet potato can loosen the soil during its growth, increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil, and is conducive to the improvement of soil structure and the growth of plant roots. The dead branches and leaves of sweet potato can release rich organic matter and nutrients during the decomposition process, providing a continuous supply of nutrients for the soil and contributing to the healthy growth of plants. The planting of sweet potato can attract various beneficial insects, such as bees and butterflies, which spread pollen and pollinate in the orchard, which is conducive to the reproduction and fruiting of plants. At the same time, they are also important natural enemies in the orchard ecosystem, which can help control the number of pests, reduce the use of pesticides, and protect the ecological environment of the soil.

[0091]

[0092] “-” means that the data is not directly given in the table or cannot be directly derived from the information provided.

[0093] The data of soil bulk density, soil porosity and maximum field water holding capacity were obtained based on the physical properties of soil in the potato season under different water and fertilizer treatments. Among them, the EP treatment (fertilization + irrigation) had the most significant effect on reducing soil bulk density and increasing soil porosity.

[0094] The data on the average soil weight diameter are based on the performance of different green manure crops in the 20-40 cm soil layer. The average soil weight diameter increased after the potato was turned over.

[0095] The data of hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter were obtained based on the changes in soil nutrients after the potato was turned over and decomposed. The content of hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter in the soil increased after the potato was turned over and decomposed.

[0096] Specifically, the soil salinization degree in the deep plowing and soil improvement is relatively high, and the soil replacement method can be adopted, that is, the topsoil within 15 cm in the vineyard is removed and replaced with fertile and high-quality soil.

[0097] The experimental grape variety is Mi Li, and the grape tree is in the second year of planting; the experimental grape is greenhouse grape, and the grape planting density is 171 plants / mu. The grape fertilization treatment plan is as follows:

[0098]

[0099] Note: "M" in the table stands for organic fertilizer; "N", "P" and "K" stand for the amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer optimized by chemical fertilizer respectively; "PM" and "KM" stand for the amounts of phosphorus and potassium in organic fertilizer respectively. The amount of organic fertilizer substituted in the treatment of organic and inorganic fertilizer combination is calculated based on the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are calculated based on the nutrient content of organic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer is used to supplement the insufficient phosphorus and potassium, and the excess is not considered; the amount of organic fertilizer substituted in the treatment of nitrogen substitution experiment is calculated based on the total amount of nitrogen, and phosphorus and potassium are consistent with the optimized fertilization, and no reduction is made.

[0100] The optimized fertilization method for grapes is based on the long-term data of the local agricultural technology extension department, and is carried out according to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (16-10-14). Conventional fertilization is fertilization by farmers. The fertilization standard in this area is to apply 0.56-0.78 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.46-0.74 kg of phosphorus, and 0.74-0.89 kg of potassium for every 100 kg of grapes produced throughout the year, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:0.7:1.5. The chemical fertilizers used are urea (containing N 46%), superphosphate (containing P2O512%), and potassium sulfate (containing K2O 50%). The dosage of each organic fertilizer treatment is determined according to the nutrient content and replacement amount of the organic fertilizer, and then the corresponding amount of chemical fertilizer is determined. Among them, the chemical fertilizers used in the test fertilizers are all single-element fertilizers, urea (containing N 46%), superphosphate (containing P2O512%), and potassium sulfate (containing K2O 52%). The nutrient contents of commercial organic fertilizers were organic matter 24.6%, N 1.96%, P2O53.50%, K2O 3.20%, water 20.05%, and pH 8.14. The contents of grape quality indicators under different fertilization treatments are shown in Table 5, and the physical and chemical properties of grape soil under different treatments are shown in Table 6.

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] CEC refers to soil cation exchange capacity.

[0104] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fertilization device for improving grape soil salinization, characterized in that: Includes soil-turning mounting cover (1), A fertilization component (6), the fertilization component (6) being disposed in the middle of one side of the mounting cover, the fertilization component (6) being used to fertilize soil at different depths in saline-alkali land, the fertilization component (6) comprising a fertilizer pipe (621); An extended inclined tube (623) is provided through one side of the fertilizer tube (621), and the extended inclined tube (623) is provided in an inclined manner; A plurality of groups of inner receiving covers (622) are fixedly arranged inside the fertilizer pipe (621), the inner receiving covers (622) being arranged in a concave fan shape, and the inner receiving covers (622) arranged at the top have a smaller diameter than the inner receiving covers (622) arranged at the bottom; One end of the inner receiving cover (622) close to the fertilizer pipe (621) is adapted to the fertilizer pipe (621).

2. A fertilization device for improving grape soil salinization according to claim 1, characterized in that: A soil crushing piece (12) is rotatably arranged in the middle of the soil turning installation cover (1), a metal frame (21) is welded above the soil turning installation cover (1), a plurality of fertilizer boxes (22) for placing fertilizers are arranged on the top of the metal frame (21), and the fertilizer boxes (22) are connected to the fertilizer pipe (621) via a pipe (23).

3. A fertilization device for improving grape soil salinization according to claim 2, characterized in that: Side distribution plates (61) are provided on both sides of the fertilizer pipe (621), and external material leakage holes (62) are provided on the side walls of the side distribution plates (61). The external material leakage holes (62) are arranged in coordination with the extended inclined pipe (623).

4. A fertilization device for improving grape soil salinization according to claim 3, characterized in that: The side distribution plate (61) is fixedly connected to the metal frame (21) via a fixed T-shaped plate (611) fixedly connected in the middle, and a conical thorn (66) is fixedly connected to one side of the side distribution plate (61) close to the soil crushing piece (12).

5. A fertilization device for improving grape soil salinization according to claim 4, characterized in that: The side distribution plate (61) is hollow, and a plurality of push plates (64) are slidably arranged on one side of the side distribution plate (61) close to the conical thorn (66). One end of the push plate (64) disposed outside the side distribution plate (61) is connected to the side wall of the side distribution plate (61) via a return spring (641).

6. The fertilization device for improving grape soil salinization according to claim 4, characterized in that: A nitrogen cylinder (67) is fixedly connected inside the side distribution plate (61), a sealing plate (68) is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the nitrogen cylinder (67), and a side hole (681) is formed on the side wall of the sealing plate (68); The sealing plate (68) is pushed by the pushing plate (64), so that the side hole (681) can overlap with the external leakage hole (62).

7. The fertilization device for improving grape soil salinization according to claim 3, characterized in that: The side distribution plate (61) is externally fixedly connected to a plurality of side pyramids (63), and the side pyramids (63) are disposed on a side of the external material leakage hole (62) close to the soil crushing piece (12).

8. The fertilization device for improving grape soil salinization according to claim 2, characterized in that: A soil leveling roller (3) is rotatably provided at one end of the soil turning mounting cover (1) away from the soil crushing piece (12), a scraper (31) is fixedly provided above the soil leveling roller (3), and the scraper (31) is fixedly connected to the soil turning mounting cover (1).

9. A method for fertilizing and cultivating grape soil to improve salinization, the method being applicable to a fertilizing device for improving salinization of grape soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: Deep plowing and soil improvement: turn the topsoil and part of the soil on the ridge back to the lower layer, and at the same time turn the lower soil to the upper layer to fully mix the topsoil with the deep soil; S2: Timely film removal: Remove the greenhouse film in time to allow natural rainfall to wet the soil; S3: Use water to drain salt: Use summer irrigation to wash the soil, allowing the salt to seep downward and flow into groundwater for drainage; S4: Apply more organic fertilizer: Apply more fully decomposed organic fertilizer; S5: Rational fertilization: When using chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer, apply it deeply and apply it in small amounts and multiple times; S6: Covering to reduce salt: Covering the grape rows in the greenhouse with plastic film or crop straw; S7: Plant plants to regulate the soil: Plant vetch in the middle of the grapes to regulate the soil.

Images