Cultivation method of cadmium-enriched potherb mustard suitable for being planted in winter in northern area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of cadmium-enriched potherb mustard suitable for being planted in winter in the north. The cultivation method comprises the steps of S1, preparation before planting, wherein land is leveled, and a test fertilizer is added into the soil; s2, soil microbiological treatment: one week before sowing, a fungicide and potassium fulvate are mixed and then applied to the soil; s3, sowing: during July to September, sowing is carried out in the morning or at dusk after raining, and the sowing amount per mu is 0.5 kg; wherein the test fertilizer comprises urea and calcium superphosphate; the fungicide is bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum. The method is expected to provide a basic theoretical basis for repairing an agricultural Cd-polluted site by potherb mustard and provide a reference for a soil heavy metal phytoremediation technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular to a cultivation method of Psoralea corylifolia, a cadmium-enriching plant suitable for planting in northern winter. Background Art

[0002] Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal element that is widely present in the natural environment. It pollutes soil and groundwater, thus threatening the safety of agricultural products and human health. Therefore, finding and cultivating plants that can effectively enrich cadmium in the soil is of great significance for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and the safety of agricultural products.

[0003] In the winter in the north, due to the cold climate, soil activity is reduced, which is not conducive to the growth of most plants and the accumulation of heavy metals. However, as a cold-resistant plant, snowberry has a certain adaptability to planting in northern regions. Snowberry not only has strong vitality, but also has high requirements for soil fertility, which makes it a potential cadmium-accumulating plant.

[0004] In the existing cadmium-enriching plant cultivation technology, although there have been some studies on plant selection, soil improvement and fertilizer application, these technologies are often not optimized for the specific climate conditions of northern winter. In particular, in terms of soil microbial treatment and fertilizer matching, the existing technologies often lack targeted research and verification, resulting in unsatisfactory plant growth and cadmium enrichment effects.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a cadmium-enriching plant, Psoralea corylifolia, suitable for planting in northern winter and supporting cultivation technology to solve the problems existing in the existing technology and improve the growth and cadmium enrichment effect of Psoralea corylifolia in northern winter. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method of the cadmium-accumulating plant Psoralea corylifolia to improve the growth and cadmium-enriching effect of Psoralea corylifolia in northern winter.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a cultivation method of Psoralea corylifolia, a cadmium-accumulating plant suitable for planting in northern winter, the cultivation method comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Preparation before planting: level the land and add the test fertilizer to the soil;

[0010] S2. Soil microbial treatment: One week before sowing, mix the microbial agent with potassium humate and apply it to the soil;

[0011] S3. Sowing: During July-September, choose to sow in the morning or evening after rain, with a seed rate of 0.5 kg per mu;

[0012] in,

[0013] The test fertilizers include urea and superphosphate;

[0014] The bacterial agents are Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum.

[0015] Preferably, the test fertilizer includes 17.18 kg / mu urea (containing 44% N) and 37.5 kg / mu superphosphate (containing 16% P2O5).

[0016] Preferably, the dosage of the Bacillus subtilis is 800 g / mu, the dosage of the Trichoderma harzianum is 800 g / mu, and the dosage of the potassium humate is 800 g / mu.

[0017] In a second aspect, a soil treatment agent is provided, which consists of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and potassium humate.

[0018] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a soil treatment agent for increasing the biomass and / or cadmium accumulation of Psoralea corylifolia, a cadmium-accumulating plant suitable for winter planting in northern China. The soil treatment agent consists of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and potassium humate.

[0019] Preferably, the dosage of the Bacillus subtilis is 800 g / mu, the dosage of the Trichoderma harzianum is 800 g / mu, and the dosage of the potassium humate is 800 g / mu.

[0020] Preferably, the soil treatment agent is used in combination with a test fertilizer to increase the biomass and / or cadmium accumulation of snow cabbage when planted in northern winter, and the test fertilizer includes urea and superphosphate.

[0021] In addition, the invention provides an application of the soil treatment agent in increasing the biomass of Psoralea corylifolia, a cadmium-accumulating plant suitable for planting in northern winter, wherein the biomass is increased by at least 15%.

[0022] Then, the invention provides an application of the soil treatment agent in improving the cadmium enrichment of Psoralea corylifolia, a cadmium-enriching plant suitable for planting in northern winter, and the cadmium enrichment of the aboveground part of Psoralea corylifolia is improved by at least 20%.

[0023] Furthermore, a cadmium-accumulating plant Psoralea corylifolia suitable for planting in northern winter is provided, which is cultivated according to the cultivation method of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that, on the one hand, there is currently a lack of optimized technology for northern winter climate conditions: the existing technology does not fully consider the characteristics of cold northern winters and low soil activity, which makes plants susceptible to frost damage during growth, affecting the cadmium enrichment effect. On the other hand, the current soil microbial treatment and fertilizer formulation lack specificity: in terms of soil improvement and fertilizer application, the existing technology often adopts a general method and is not optimized for the specific plant of snow red, which leads to the mismatch between the nutrients and microbial community structure in the soil and the growth needs of snow red, thereby affecting its growth and cadmium enrichment ability. On the other hand, there is currently a lack of a systematic cultivation technology system: the existing cadmium-enriched plant cultivation technology often lacks systematicity, and lacks close connection and coordination between various links, which makes it difficult to adjust and optimize in time when problems arise in actual operations, thus affecting the effect of the entire cultivation process.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] (1) The present invention plants Chinese potherb mustard on soil containing cadmium pollutants, and when the Chinese potherb mustard grows to the flowering stage or the mature stage, the whole plant is removed from the contaminated soil, thereby achieving the purpose of removing the cadmium pollutant in the soil. The present invention can provide a basic theoretical basis for the restoration of agricultural Cd contaminated sites with Chinese potherb mustard, and provide a reference for soil heavy metal plant restoration technology.

[0027] (2) Snowberry is highly cold-resistant and cadmium-resistant, making it suitable for growing in the northern winter.

[0028] (3) As a cold-resistant plant, Psoralea corylifolia has good adaptability and growth characteristics in the northern winter planting environment. Psoralea corylifolia grows rapidly, has a well-developed root system, and has a strong ability to absorb and accumulate heavy metals. The present invention confirms that the cadmium content in the seeds and shells of Psoralea corylifolia is higher than that of Psoralea corylifolia (a recognized hyperaccumulator). The present invention can provide a useful reference for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil, in particular, it can provide a useful reference for the phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated soil.

[0029] (4) The method of the present invention is low-cost, environmentally friendly, and has important significance for soil remediation and cadmium pollution control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The cadmium content results of blue cabbage and snow cabbage shells and seeds. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] This embodiment provides a cultivation method of Psoralea corylifolia, a cadmium-accumulating plant suitable for planting in northern winter, comprising the following steps:

[0034] S1. Preparation before planting: level the land and add the test fertilizer to the soil;

[0035] S2. Soil microbial treatment: One week before sowing, mix the microbial agent with potassium humate and apply it in the soil in furrows or holes;

[0036] S3. Sowing: During July-September, choose to sow in the morning or evening after rain, with a seed rate of about 0.5 kg per mu, and strive to make the seedlings neat, uniform and strong after emergence;

[0037] The test fertilizers include 17.18 kg / mu urea (containing 44% N), 37.5 kg / mu superphosphate (containing 16% P2O5);

[0038] The bacterial agents are Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum;

[0039] The dosage of the Bacillus subtilis is 800 g / mu, the dosage of the Trichoderma harzianum is 800 g / mu, and the dosage of the potassium humate is 800 g / mu.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] Compared with Example 1, no bacterial agent and potassium humate were applied in the soil microbial treatment in S2. The rest was the same as Example 1.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] Compared with Example 1, the plant was adjusted to Solanum nigrum, and the rest was the same as Example 1.

[0044] Comparative Example 2

[0045] Compared with Example 1, the plant was changed to Indian mustard, and the rest was the same as Example 1.

[0046] Comparative Example 3

[0047] Compared with Example 1, the plant was changed to Cynaropsis edulis, and the rest was the same as Example 1.

[0048] Effect verification

[0049] Test 1

[0050] Test method:

[0051] The trial will be launched in 2023. The core experimental area will be set up in Wugong County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. The test crop varieties include Solanum nigrum, Indian mustard, Indigo plant, and Snow cabbage. They will be sown in April 2023 and harvested in September 2023.

[0052] The experiment set up two treatments, each of which was repeated three times; Treatment 1 (Example 1): one week before sowing, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum (800 g / mu) and potassium humate (800 g / mu) were mixed and applied in furrows or holes; Treatment 2 (Example 2): no humic acid and bacterial agent were added.

[0053] Test results:

[0054] During the planting process, neither Solanum nigrum (Comparative Example 1) nor Indian mustard (Comparative Example 2) emerged. The preliminary study of the present invention found that these two crops are not suitable for local climatic conditions. As a recognized hyperaccumulator, the present invention compares the cadmium content of the seeds and shells of Solanum nigrum (Comparative Example 3) and Chinese potherb mustard (Example 1) under the same treatment condition ( Figure 1 ).Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that Psoralea corylifolia can better enrich cadmium than Echinochloa chinensis, which also indicates that Psoralea corylifolia is very likely to be a cold-resistant enrichment plant suitable for planting in northern regions. In addition, compared with Treatment 2 (Example 2), the biomass of Psoralea corylifolia in Treatment 1 (Example 1) was effectively increased by 15%, and the cadmium content of the aboveground part of Psoralea corylifolia was increased by 20%. Therefore, the mixed application of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and potassium humate is a supporting measure that can effectively increase the cadmium enrichment.

[0055] Test 2

[0056] Fan Shuanxi et al. (Fan Shuanxi, Zhang Nan, Sun Minhan, et al. Screening and stress response characteristics of potential hyperaccumulators of Pb, Zn and Cd complex heavy metals [J / OL]. Environmental Science) conducted a field survey of plants growing around typical lead-zinc mines and smelters in Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, collected dominant plants, and brought them back to the laboratory for analysis of their heavy metal enrichment capabilities, as shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0057] Table 1 Heavy metal enrichment in aboveground and underground parts of plant samples

[0058]

[0059] Table 2 Enrichment and transfer coefficients of Pb, Zn and Cd in plant samples

[0060]

[0061] As shown in Table 1, the Cd accumulation in the aboveground part of Psoralea corylifolia reached the limit of Cd super-enrichment (Cd enrichment > 100 mg kg -1 ) requirements; the aboveground part of Psoralea corylifolia also has a strong ability to enrich Pb and Zn.

[0062] BCF is the enrichment coefficient, which is an indicator of the ability of plants to enrich heavy metals in sediments, while TF is the transfer coefficient, which reflects the ability of plants to absorb, transport and distribute heavy metals. As shown in Table 2, the BCF and TF values ​​of Psoralea corylifolia for Cd are both greater than 1, indicating that Psoralea corylifolia has a good enrichment ability for Cd in the soil; the BCF and TF values ​​of Psoralea corylifolia for Zn are both greater than 1, indicating that Psoralea corylifolia also has a good enrichment ability for Zn in the soil; at the same time, Psoralea corylifolia also has a certain enrichment ability for Pb in the soil.

[0063] The embodiments described above are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but only represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained without creative work and related deductions and substitutions made by ordinary technicians in the field under the conditions of the concept of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Psoralea corylifolia, a cadmium-accumulating plant suitable for winter planting in northern China, characterized in that: The cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1. Preparation before planting: level the land and add the test fertilizer to the soil; S2. Soil microbial treatment: One week before sowing, mix the microbial agent with potassium humate and apply it to the soil; S3. Sowing: During July-September, choose to sow in the morning or evening after rain, with a seed rate of 0.5 kg per mu; in, The tested fertilizers include urea and superphosphate; The bacterial agents are Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The test fertilizers include 17.18 kg / mu urea and 37.5 kg / mu superphosphate.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The dosage of the Bacillus subtilis is 800 g / mu, the dosage of the Trichoderma harzianum is 800 g / mu, and the dosage of the potassium humate is 800 g / mu.

4. A soil treatment agent, characterized in that: The soil treatment agent consists of bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and potassium humate.

5. A soil treatment agent for increasing the biomass and / or cadmium accumulation of Psoralea corylifolia, a cadmium-accumulating plant suitable for winter planting in northern China, characterized in that: The soil treatment agent consists of bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and potassium humate.

6. The soil treating agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dosage of the Bacillus subtilis is 800 g / mu, the dosage of the Trichoderma harzianum is 800 g / mu, and the dosage of the potassium humate is 800 g / mu.

7. The soil treating agent according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soil treatment agent is used in combination with the tested fertilizer to increase the biomass and / or cadmium accumulation of snow cabbage when planted in northern winter. The tested fertilizer includes urea and superphosphate.

8. Use of the soil treatment agent according to any one of claims 5 to 7 in increasing the biomass of Psoralea corylifolia, a cadmium-accumulating plant suitable for winter planting in northern China, characterized in that: The biomass was increased by at least 15%.

9. Use of the soil treatment agent according to any one of claims 5 to 7 in increasing the cadmium accumulation of Psoralea corylifolia, a cadmium-accumulating plant suitable for planting in northern winter, characterized in that: The cadmium accumulation in the aboveground part of Psoralea corylifolia increased by at least 20%.

10. A cadmium-accumulating plant, Psoralea corylifolia, suitable for planting in northern winter, characterized in that: Cultivate according to the cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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