High-yield rice cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield rice cultivation method, and aims to overcome many defects of a traditional cultivation mode. The method comprises the steps of field surface pretreatment, concave-convex layer cultivation structure construction, seedling transplanting, precise water and fertilizer management, subsequent conventional management and the like. The field surface is deeply ploughed by a tractor, smashed and rotten, then furrows are formed, a concave-convex layer structure with alternate ridges and furrows is adopted, and standard furrow grids are formed through mold pressing. 2-3 seedlings are planted in each hole during transplanting, and 18 seedlings are planted in each square meter of a 7-foot field. Dry-wet alternate irrigation is adopted, and a specific proportion of compound fertilizer is matched, so that water is saved by 30%, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is increased to 45%. The method has remarkable advantages, the structure is innovative, the planting density is increased by 50%, and the photosynthetic efficiency is increased by 20%; the standardized production precision is high, and the mechanical operation efficiency is doubled; yield increase and quality improvement are obvious, the yield per mu breaks through 1000 kg, and the yield is increased by 35% compared with the traditional yield; good ecological benefits are achieved, pesticide use is reduced, and the soil organic matter content is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a high-yield rice cultivation method. Background Art

[0002] As global food demand continues to grow, rice, as one of the world's major food crops, is of vital importance in improving its yield and quality. However, the current traditional rice cultivation methods have exposed many problems that need to be solved in the actual production process.

[0003] In terms of planting density, conventional flat or ordinary ridge cultivation methods greatly limit the number of seedlings planted. Under current conditions, only 10 to 12 seedlings can be planted per square meter on average. This means that large tracts of land resources are idle and wasted, and their production potential cannot be fully utilized. Taking a 1,000 square meter rice field as an example, according to such a planting density, only 10,000 to 12,000 seedlings can be planted in total. If the planting density can be reasonably increased, the number of seedlings that can be planted will theoretically increase significantly, and the utilization efficiency of land resources will also be significantly improved.

[0004] The irrigation mode is also not optimistic. The traditional flooding method, while providing water for rice, also brings serious drawbacks. On the one hand, a large amount of water resources are wasted without restraint, and this waste is particularly prominent at the moment when water resources are increasingly scarce. According to statistics, the amount of irrigation water for rice fields using flooding far exceeds the actual need. On the other hand, with the flushing of water flow, a large amount of fertilizer applied to the rice fields is lost. The fertilizer utilization rate is usually less than 30%, which not only increases economic costs, but also has a negative impact on the environment. Excess fertilizer flows into the surrounding water bodies, which may cause problems such as eutrophication of water bodies. The field environment under the traditional cultivation method also has obvious defects. Due to the unreasonable planting layout, the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field are poor. When the planting density is relatively high, the rice plants block each other, the air circulation is poor, and the sunlight cannot be evenly irradiated on each rice plant. This adverse environmental condition makes it very easy for rice to fall over during its growth. Once the rice lodging, it will not only affect its photosynthesis, leading to growth and development stunting, but also increase the incidence of diseases and pests, seriously affecting the yield and quality of rice. In some years, the rice yield reduction caused by lodging can reach 20% or even higher. In terms of labor operations, manual ditching, transplanting and other links not only consume a lot of manpower and time, but also have great labor intensity. A skilled farmer can only transplant rice in a very limited area in a day, and long-term bending over to work is very harmful to the body. This inefficient operation method seriously limits the large-scale production of rice planting. With the gradual reduction of rural labor force and the continuous rise in labor costs, traditional labor-intensive operation methods are increasingly difficult to maintain large-scale rice planting.

[0005] The most critical thing is that the traditional cultivation method has long been stuck in a yield bottleneck of 700 to 800 kilograms per mu. Faced with the continued growth of the global population and the increasing demand for food quality, this yield level is far from meeting actual needs. In order to ensure food security and meet people's growing living needs, it is urgent to innovate and improve the existing rice cultivation methods to improve rice yield and quality and achieve sustainable development of rice cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a high-yield rice cultivation method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: a high-yield rice cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Field surface pretreatment: Use a tractor to deeply plow the field surface; keep the field surface soaked and fermented for 3-5 days; after the fermentation is completed, drain the field water and dig a ditch;

[0009] Concave-convex layer cultivation structure construction: Adopting a concave-convex layer cultivation structure with alternating ridges and furrows; the width of the convex furrow surface is 0.7 inches; the height of the convex furrow is 0.6 inches; the width of the concave furrow bottom is 33-34 cm; the width of the horizontal furrow grid is 0.7 inches;

[0010] Transplanting seedlings: Plant 2-3 seedlings in each hole; use a 7-foot large field structure with a planting density of 18 seedlings per square meter; maintain the water level at 0.4 inches after transplanting.

[0011] Water and fertilizer management: The first fertilization is carried out 5-7 days after transplanting, and 35-50 kg (70-100 jin) of rice fertilizer is applied per mu; the second fertilization is adjusted according to the dynamics of the seedlings; the dry-wet alternating irrigation mode is adopted to maintain the soil moisture at 60-80%;

[0012] Subsequent management: Use the same pest and disease control measures as traditional cultivation; carry out conventional harvesting at maturity.

[0013] Preferably, the concave-convex layer cultivation structure is formed into a standard grid by mold pressing.

[0014] Preferably, 100-150 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer is added during the composting process.

[0015] As preferably, the rice-specific fertilizer is NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O compound fertilizer with a ratio of 20:10:15.

[0016] Preferably, the wet-dry alternating irrigation cycle is a 3-5 day wet period + 2-3 day dry period cycle.

[0017] Preferably, the 7-foot large field plots are precisely marked using the Beidou navigation and positioning system.

[0018] Preferably, the seedlings are hybrid rice varieties with strong tillering ability, and the plant height is controlled at 80-100 cm.

[0019] Preferably, the convex ridge surface is provided with 0.5 cm deep guide grooves with a spacing of 15 cm.

[0020] Preferably, a 3 cm thick improved straw layer is laid on the concave ditch bottom.

[0021] The advantages of the present invention are: structural innovation advantage, the concave-convex layer structure increases the planting density per unit area by 50% (18 plants / m 2 ). 0.7-inch convex ridge design achieves optimal light distribution (increases photosynthetic efficiency by 20%). 33-34cm wide ditch enhances drainage and air permeability, reducing the incidence of root rot by 40%

[0022] Advantages of water and fertilizer management: the dry-wet alternating mode saves 30% of water and increases fertilizer utilization to 45%. The 20:10:15 special fertilizer ratio increases nitrogen fertilizer absorption efficiency by 15%, and the combination of diversion trough + straw layer realizes directional water and fertilizer transportation

[0023] Standardized production advantages: mold pressing grid error is controlled within ±0.5mm, Beidou navigation line accuracy reaches centimeter level, and mechanized operation efficiency is increased by 2 times

[0024] The average yield per mu exceeded 1,000 kg, a 35% increase over the traditional method, the number of grains per ear increased by 25%, the thousand-grain weight increased by 12%, the chalkiness decreased by 18%, and the head rice rate increased by 9%.

[0025] Ecological benefits: returning straw to the fields improves soil organic matter content by 0.3%, reduces pesticide use by 20%, and reduces carbon emission intensity by 15%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] For the purpose of the following detailed description, it should be understood that the present invention may adopt various alternative changes and step sequences, unless expressly specified to the contrary. In addition, except in any operating examples, or otherwise indicated, all numbers representing the amount of ingredients used in the specification and claims should be understood to be modified by the term "about" in all cases. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and the attached claims are approximate values ​​that vary according to the desired performance to be obtained by the present invention. At least it is not intended to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, and each numerical parameter should at least be interpreted according to the number of reported significant figures and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0027] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values ​​set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.

[0028] In addition, it should be understood that any numerical range described herein is intended to include all subranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of "1 to 10" is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the stated minimum value of 1 and the stated maximum value of 10, i.e., having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.

[0029] Example 1: Clay soil in the southern plains

[0030] Field surface pretreatment: A paddy field with an area of ​​5 mu was selected in a plain area of ​​Hunan Province. The soil type was clay. A tractor was used to plow the field surface to a depth of 30 cm, and the field surface was kept soaked after being pounded. According to the standard of adding 120 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, it was evenly spread on the field surface and allowed to decompose for 4 days. After the decomposition was completed, the field water was drained with a water pump, and a trencher was used to dig trenches according to the designed specifications.

[0031] Concave-convex layer cultivation structure construction: A specially customized mold is used to press and form a concave-convex layer structure with alternating ridges. The width of the convex ridge surface is strictly controlled at 0.7 inches, and the height is 0.6 inches; the width of the concave ditch bottom is 33 cm; the width of the horizontal ridge is also 0.7 inches.

[0032] Transplanting of seedlings: Select the Y Liangyou 900 hybrid rice variety with strong tillering ability, and control the height of the cultivated seedlings to about 85 cm. Plant 2 seedlings in each hole, adopt a 7-foot large field structure, and use manual wire positioning to ensure that the planting density reaches 18 plants per square meter. After transplanting, keep the water level at 0.4 inches.

[0033] Water and fertilizer management: On the 6th day after transplanting, apply rice-specific fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O ratio 20:10:15) 40 kg. During the second fertilization, it was observed that the leaves of the seedlings in some areas were lighter in color and the growth rate was slightly slower. For these areas, 10 kg of special fertilizer was applied per mu. The dry-wet alternating irrigation mode was adopted, with a wet period of 4 days to keep the soil moisture at about 70%; the dry period was 2 days.

[0034] Subsequent management: The same pest and disease control measures as those used in local traditional cultivation were adopted, and the rice fields were inspected regularly to promptly detect and deal with pest and disease problems. Conventional harvesting was carried out during the maturity period, and the average yield per mu of the rice field was finally measured to be 1,050 kilograms.

[0035] Example 2: Loam soil in southern hilly areas

[0036] Field surface pretreatment: The experiment was conducted on a 3-mu terraced field in a hilly area in Jiangxi Province. The soil was loam. The field surface was first plowed and pounded with a tractor to a depth of about 25 cm. The composting process lasted for 3 days, during which 100 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer was added per mu. After the composting was completed, the field water was drained by combining natural drainage and artificial auxiliary drainage, and then digging ditches.

[0037] Concave-convex layer cultivation structure construction: Use molds to press out a concave-convex layer structure that meets the specifications. The convex surface is 0.7 inches wide and 0.6 inches high; the concave ditch bottom is 34 centimeters wide; the horizontal grid is 0.7 inches wide. Due to the special terrain of the terraced fields, manual fine-tuning is performed during the construction process to ensure the stability of the structure.

[0038] Transplanting of seedlings: Select the Liangyoupeijiu hybrid rice variety, with a seedling height of about 90 cm. Plant 3 plants per hole, use a 7-foot large field structure, use the Beidou navigation positioning system for precise row marking, and ensure that 18 plants are planted per square meter. Maintain the water level at 0.4 inches after transplanting.

[0039] Water and fertilizer management: 5 days after transplanting, apply 35 kg of rice fertilizer per mu. The second fertilization depends on the seedling conditions. No fertilizer is applied to the vigorous growth area, and 5 kg of special fertilizer is applied per mu to the weak growth area. Irrigation adopts a dry-wet alternating mode, with a wet period of 3 days, and the soil moisture is maintained at 65%; the dry period is 3 days.

[0040] Subsequent management: Follow the local traditional methods of pest control, such as using insect nets, biological control, etc. Conventional harvesting is carried out after maturity, with an average yield of 1,020 kg per mu.

[0041] Example 3: Sandy loam soil in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

[0042] Field surface pretreatment: In a 4-mu rice field in a plain area of ​​Hubei, the soil is sandy loam. The tractor plows the field surface to a depth of 28 cm. It is fermented for 5 days, during which 150 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is added per mu. After that, the field water is drained and ditches are opened.

[0043] Construction of concave-convex layer cultivation structure: Use molds to make concave-convex layer structures with alternating ridges and furrows. The convex furrow surface is 0.7 inches wide and 0.6 inches high; the concave furrow bottom is 33.5 centimeters wide; and the horizontal furrow width is 0.7 inches.

[0044] Transplanting of rice seedlings: The hybrid rice variety Fengliangyou No. 4 was used, and the height of the rice seedlings was controlled at 88 cm. Two seedlings were planted in each hole. Under the 7-foot field structure, 18 seedlings were planted per square meter through a combination of manual and mechanical methods. The water level was maintained at 0.4 inches after transplanting.

[0045] Water and fertilizer management: 7 days after transplanting, 50 kg of rice fertilizer was applied per mu. The second fertilization was balanced according to the overall seedling condition, and no additional topdressing was performed. Alternate irrigation was carried out with a wet period of 5 days, with the soil moisture content of 80%; the dry period was 2 days.

[0046] Subsequent management: Follow local traditional pest and disease control methods, harvest conventionally after maturity, and achieve an average yield of 1,080 kilograms per mu.

[0047] Example 4: Black soil in the northern plains

[0048] Field surface pretreatment: 5 mu of rice fields were selected in a plain area of ​​Heilongjiang Province. The soil was black soil. The field surface was plowed to a depth of 35 cm by tractor. After 4 days of composting, 130 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer was added per mu. After draining the field water, ditches were opened.

[0049] Construction of concave-convex layer cultivation structure: Use a mold to press out a standard concave-convex layer structure, with the convex bed surface being 0.7 inches wide and 0.6 inches high; the concave ditch bottom being 33 centimeters wide; and the horizontal grid being 0.7 inches wide.

[0050] Transplanting of seedlings: Longjing 31 hybrid rice varieties were selected, and the seedling height was about 95 cm. Three seedlings were planted in each hole. Under the 7-foot field structure, the Beidou navigation positioning system was used for precise row marking to ensure that 18 seedlings were planted per square meter. After transplanting, the water level was maintained at 0.4 inches.

[0051] Water and fertilizer management: 6 days after transplanting, apply 45 kg of rice fertilizer per mu. The second fertilization is based on the seedling condition. For some yellowing leaves, apply 8 kg of special fertilizer per mu. Alternate dry and wet irrigation, wet period 4 days, soil moisture 75%; dry period 3 days.

[0052] Subsequent management: Use local traditional pest control methods, harvest conventionally after maturity, and achieve an average yield of 1,030 kilograms per mu.

[0053] Example 5: Red soil in the southwestern mountainous area

[0054] Field surface pretreatment: In a 2-mu rice field in a mountainous area in Yunnan, the soil is red soil. First, use a tractor to deep plow the field surface to a depth of about 22 cm. Boil for 3 days, during which time 110 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is added per mu. Ditches are opened after draining the field water through artificial and natural drainage.

[0055] Concave-convex layer cultivation structure construction: The concave-convex layer structure is made using a mold, with the convex surface being 0.7 inches wide and 0.6 inches high; the concave ditch bottom being 34 centimeters wide; and the horizontal grid being 0.7 inches wide. Due to the complex terrain in the mountainous area, manual adjustments were made many times during the construction process.

[0056] Transplanting of seedlings: Select the Yixiangyou 2115 hybrid rice variety, with a seedling height of about 82 cm. Plant 2 seedlings per hole, and use manual positioning to ensure 18 seedlings per square meter in a 7-foot field structure. Maintain the water level at 0.4 inches after transplanting.

[0057] Water and fertilizer management: 5 days after transplanting, apply 38 kg of rice fertilizer per mu. The second fertilization is based on the seedling conditions, and 6 kg of special fertilizer is applied per mu to the slow-growing areas. Irrigation adopts a dry-wet alternating mode, with a wet period of 3 days and a soil moisture of 60%; a dry period of 2 days.

[0058] Subsequent management: Manage according to local traditional methods of disease and pest control, harvest conventionally after maturity, with an average yield of 1010 kg per mu.

[0059] Example 6: Soil improvement in saline-alkali land in coastal areas

[0060] Field surface pretreatment: In a 3-mu rice field in a coastal area of ​​Jiangsu, the soil is improved saline-alkali land. The tractor plows the field surface to a depth of 26 cm. After 4 days of composting, 140 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is added per mu. The field water is drained using the drainage system and ditches are opened.

[0061] Construction of concave-convex layer cultivation structure: Use molds to construct a concave-convex layer structure with alternating ridges and furrows. The convex furrow surface is 0.7 inches wide and 0.6 inches high; the concave ditch bottom is 33.5 centimeters wide; the horizontal furrow width is 0.7 inches.

[0062] Transplanting of rice seedlings: The hybrid rice variety Yanfeng 47 is used, and the height of the rice seedlings is about 92 cm. Three rice seedlings are planted in each hole. In the 7-foot field structure, 18 rice seedlings are planted per square meter through a combination of manual and mechanical methods. After transplanting, the water level is maintained at 0.4 inches.

[0063] Water and fertilizer management: 7 days after transplanting, apply 42 kg of rice fertilizer per mu. The second fertilization is based on the seedling conditions. For some areas affected by salinity and poor growth, 7 kg of special fertilizer is applied per mu. Alternate irrigation is carried out with dry and wet periods, with a wet period of 5 days and a soil moisture content of 78%; and a dry period of 3 days.

[0064] Subsequent management: Follow local pest and disease control methods for saline-alkali rice fields, harvest conventionally after maturity, and achieve an average yield of 1,040 kilograms per mu.

[0065] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield rice cultivation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Field surface pretreatment: Use a tractor to deeply plow the field surface; keep the field surface soaked and fermented for 3-5 days; after the fermentation is completed, drain the field water and dig a ditch; Concave-convex layer cultivation structure construction: Adopting a concave-convex layer cultivation structure with alternating ridges and furrows; the width of the convex furrow surface is 0.7 inches; the height of the convex furrow is 0.6 inches; the width of the concave furrow bottom is 33-34 cm; the width of the horizontal furrow grid is 0.7 inches; Transplanting seedlings: Plant 2-3 seedlings per hole; use a 7-foot large field structure with a planting density of 18 seedlings per square meter; maintain the water level at 0.4 inches after transplanting. Water and fertilizer management: The first fertilization is carried out 5-7 days after transplanting, and 35-50 kg (70-100 jin) of rice fertilizer is applied per mu; the second fertilization is adjusted according to the dynamics of the seedlings; the dry-wet alternating irrigation mode is adopted to maintain the soil moisture at 60-80%; Subsequent management: Use the same pest and disease control measures as traditional cultivation; carry out conventional harvesting at maturity.

2. The high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concave-convex layer cultivation structure is pressed by a mold to form a standard grid.

3. The high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the composting process, 100-150 kg / mu of decomposed organic fertilizer is added.

4. The high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special fertilizer for rice is a compound fertilizer with a N-P2O5-K2O ratio of 20:10:

15.

5. The high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wet-dry alternating irrigation cycle is a 3-5 day wet period + 2-3 day dry period cycle.

6. The high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 7-foot large field plots are precisely marked using the Beidou navigation and positioning system.

7. The high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rice seedlings are hybrid rice varieties with strong tillering ability, and the plant height is controlled at 80-100 cm.

8. The high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The convex bed surface is provided with 0.5 cm deep guide grooves with a spacing of 15 cm.

9. The high-yield rice cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A 3 cm thick straw improvement layer is laid on the bottom of the concave ditch.