Compound preparation for improving yield and quality of watermelons and application of compound preparation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation. The invention provides a compound preparation for improving the yield and quality of watermelons. The compound preparation comprises melatonin, abscisic acid, trehalose, potassium humate, prohexadione calcium and Tween. When the compound preparation prepared from the components with proper concentration is used for treating watermelons, the yield of the watermelons can be remarkably increased, the internal quality of central soluble solids, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C, lycopene and other fruits can be improved, and the compound preparation is safe, environmentally friendly and free of pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular to a composite preparation for improving watermelon yield and quality and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Watermelon is an important horticultural crop in my country and even in the world. Due to its short production cycle, quick effect and stable benefits, watermelon has developed rapidly in the planting industry and soon became the leading industry in the process of structural adjustment in some regions. With the improvement of living standards, people have put forward higher requirements for the quality of watermelon. Watermelon production follows people's consumption needs, changing from yield priority to quality priority and benefit priority. The quality of watermelon depends on "good varieties" + "good methods", that is, variety characteristics and cultivation technology. At present, the selection and breeding of new watermelon varieties is still mainly based on conventional hybrid breeding, which is not only time-consuming, but also difficult to achieve the aggregation of high quality and multi-resistance. Therefore, it is a convenient and efficient way to improve the quality of watermelon fruit under the premise of ensuring yield through cultivation methods.

[0003] There are two main aspects to improving fruit quality through cultivation. On the one hand, it is to control suitable environmental conditions, including suitable light, temperature, water, fertilizer, air, soil environment, etc. Due to the lack of suitable parameters for different environmental factors and the interaction between different factors, it is difficult and costly to improve quality by controlling suitable environmental conditions, and it is sometimes difficult to balance yield and quality. For example, a large number of studies have shown that sufficient water supply is conducive to increasing yield; appropriately reducing irrigation volume is conducive to improving fruit quality, but it will significantly reduce yield. On the other hand, it is to regulate the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants by applying plant growth regulators, promote the transport of assimilated products from leaves to fruits, and regulate the synthesis and metabolism of nutrients in fruits, thereby improving the quality of fruits. For example, the application of a composition of γ-aminobutyric acid, CaCl2 and ethoxy-modified polytrisiloxane can significantly increase the single fruit weight, soluble solids, soluble protein and Vc content of watermelon. However, different plant growth regulators, different combinations and concentrations, and different treatment methods have significantly different effects.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide an efficient, convenient and universal technology to improve the yield and fruit quality of watermelon is an urgent problem to be solved by technicians in this field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite preparation for improving the yield and quality of watermelon. The potassium composite preparation prepared by using melatonin, abscisic acid and the like at appropriate concentrations of the present invention to treat watermelon can significantly increase the yield of watermelon, improve the intrinsic quality of the fruit such as central soluble solids, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, soluble proteins, vitamin C, lycopene, etc., and is safe, environmentally friendly and pollution-free.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention provides a composite preparation for improving the yield and quality of watermelon. The composite preparation comprises the following components in concentrations: 90-110 μmol / L melatonin, 180-220 μmol / L abscisic acid, 180-230 mmol / L trehalose, 1-2 mL / L potassium humate, 0.2-0.8 g / L prohexadione calcium and 0.3-0.8 mL / L Tween.

[0008] The invention provides application of the composite preparation in improving watermelon yield.

[0009] The invention provides application of the composite preparation in improving the quality of watermelon fruit, including increasing the content of soluble solids, soluble sugar, reducing sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C and lycopene in the center of watermelon.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for improving watermelon yield and quality, comprising the following steps:

[0011] The above-mentioned composite preparation was sprayed on the watermelon fruit, fruit stalk and leaves adjacent to the fruit, sprayed twice.

[0012] Preferably, the spraying period is 3-7 days after the watermelon blooms and pollinates and / or 12-18 days before the watermelon fruit matures.

[0013] Preferably, the watermelon flowers bloom at the second or third node of the watermelon.

[0014] Preferably, the dosage for the first spraying is 8-12 mL / plant, and the dosage for the second spraying is 18-22 mL / plant.

[0015] Preferably, the spraying time is 6-7 pm.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] In the technical solution of the present invention, a composite preparation is prepared by using melatonin, abscisic acid, trehalose, potassium humate, calcium prohexadione and Tween at appropriate concentrations. The composite preparation is used to specifically treat watermelon, which can significantly increase the yield of watermelon, improve the intrinsic quality of the fruit such as central soluble solids, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, soluble proteins, vitamin C, lycopene, etc., and is safe, environmentally friendly and pollution-free. Among them, melatonin, abscisic acid and potassium humate can also effectively improve the resistance of plants and increase the disease resistance of watermelon plants. The test examples of the present invention also show that compared with the control, after the composite preparation is treated, the weight and yield of a single melon are increased by 18.3%, and the contents of central soluble solids, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, soluble proteins, vitamin C and lycopene are increased by 11.1%, 11.6%, 24.5%, 12.5%, 27.5% and 20.7%, respectively. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Statistical chart of single watermelon weight and yield in different treatment groups ( Figure 1 A represents single melon weight, and B represents yield);

[0019] Figure 2 Statistical chart of soluble solids, soluble total sugar and reducing sugar in the center of watermelon in different treatment groups ( Figure 2 A represents the central soluble solids, B represents the total soluble sugars, and C represents the reducing sugars);

[0020] Figure 3 Statistical chart of soluble protein, vitamin C and lycopene in watermelon of different treatment groups ( Figure 3 A represents soluble protein, B represents vitamin C, and C represents lycopene). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The invention provides a composite preparation for improving the yield and quality of watermelon, comprising the following components: melatonin, abscisic acid, trehalose, potassium humate, prohexadione calcium and Tween.

[0022] In the present invention, the melatonin can promote leaf photosynthesis; abscisic acid can inhibit excessive vegetative growth; trehalose can provide growth nutrition and bioactive substances; potassium humate can enhance leaf photosynthesis and promote the transport of assimilated products to the fruit; prohexadione calcium can enhance photosynthesis, control vigorous leaf growth, and promote fruit development. The combination of the several components of the present invention can not only synergistically enhance the promotion effect on the growth and development of watermelon plants, but the addition of Tween can also accelerate the penetration of the composite preparation, and improve the application rate and efficiency of the composite preparation. The combination of melatonin, abscisic acid and potassium humate can also effectively improve the resistance of the plant and increase the disease resistance of watermelon.

[0023] In the present invention, the concentration of the above ingredients is preferably 90-110 μmol / L melatonin, 180-220 μmol / L abscisic acid, 180-230 mmol / L trehalose, 1-2 mL / L potassium humate, 0.2-0.8 g / L prohexadione calcium and 0.3-0.8 mL / L Tween, and further preferably 95-105 μmol / L melatonin, 180-210 μmol / L abscisic acid, 180-230 mmol / L trehalose, 1-2 mL / L potassium humate, 0.2-0.8 g / L prohexadione calcium and 0.3-0.8 mL / L Tween. abscisic acid, 185-220mmol / L trehalose, 1.2-1.7mL / L potassium humate, 0.3-0.6g / L calcium prohexadione and 0.4-0.7mL / L Tween, and more preferably 100μmol / L melatonin, 200μmol / L abscisic acid, 200mmol / L trehalose, 1.5mL / L potassium humate, 0.5g / L calcium prohexadione and 0.5mL / L Tween.

[0024] The invention also provides application of the composite preparation in increasing watermelon yield.

[0025] The invention also provides application of the composite preparation in improving the quality of watermelon fruit.

[0026] In the present invention, the watermelon fruit quality preferably includes central soluble solids, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, soluble proteins, vitamin C and lycopene content.

[0027] The present invention also provides a method for improving the yield and quality of watermelons, comprising the following steps: spraying the composite preparation on watermelon fruits, fruit stalks and leaves adjacent to the fruits.

[0028] In the present invention, the composite preparation is sprayed on watermelon fruits and fruit stalks, which is beneficial to increasing the nutrition of the fruit and regulating the metabolism of nutrients inside the fruit; the composite preparation is sprayed on the upper and lower leaves adjacent to the watermelon fruit, which can enhance the photosynthesis of the leaves adjacent to the fruit, promote the transport of assimilated products of the adjacent leaves to the fruit, reduce the application amount of the mixed solution, improve the efficiency and reduce the cost.

[0029] In the present invention, the number of spraying is preferably 2 times. The period of spraying is preferably after the watermelon blooms and pollinates and / or before the watermelon fruit matures, and more preferably after the watermelon blooms and pollinates and before the watermelon fruit matures. Specifically, in the present invention, it is preferred to spray once after the watermelon blooms and pollinates, and once before the watermelon fruit matures. The spraying after the watermelon blooms and pollinates of the present invention is preferably 3-7 days after the watermelon blooms and pollinates, further preferably 4-6 days after the watermelon blooms and pollinates, and further preferably 5 days after the watermelon blooms and pollinates; the spraying before the watermelon fruit matures is preferably 12-18 days before the watermelon fruit matures, further preferably 13-16 days before the watermelon fruit matures, and further preferably 15 days before the watermelon fruit matures.

[0030] In the present invention, the first spraying treatment can promote the transport of leaf assimilation products to fruits and promote fruit expansion; the second spraying treatment can not only promote fruit expansion, but also regulate the metabolism of nutrients in the fruit and improve the fruit quality.

[0031] In the present invention, the flowering of the watermelon is preferably the flowering of the female flowers at the second or third node of the watermelon.

[0032] In the present invention, the amount of the first spraying is preferably 8-12 mL / plant, further preferably 9-11 mL / plant, and further preferably 10 mL / plant; the amount of the second spraying is preferably 18-22 mL / plant, further preferably 19-21 mL / plant, and further preferably 20 mL / plant.

[0033] In the present invention, the spraying time is preferably 6-7 pm. The light condition under the spraying time of the present invention is weak light, which can effectively avoid the decomposition of components easily decomposed by strong light such as melatonin, and ensure the action rate and treatment effect.

[0034] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A composite preparation for improving watermelon yield and quality, comprising the following ingredients: 100 μmol / L melatonin, 200 μmol / L abscisic acid, 200 mmol / L trehalose, 1.5 mL / L potassium humate, 0.5 g / L prohexadione calcium and 0.5 mL / L Tween.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] A composite preparation for improving watermelon yield and quality, comprising: 90 μmol / L melatonin, 220 μmol / L abscisic acid, 180 mmol / L trehalose, 1 mL / L potassium humate, 0.8 g / L prohexadione calcium and 0.3 mL / L Tween.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] A composite preparation for improving watermelon yield and quality, comprising: 110 μmol / L melatonin, 180 μmol / L abscisic acid, 230 mmol / L trehalose, 2 mL / L potassium humate, 0.2 g / L prohexadione calcium and 0.8 mL / L Tween.

[0041] Example 4

[0042] A method for improving watermelon yield and quality, the steps are as follows:

[0043] The composite preparation prepared in Example 1 was sprayed on the watermelon fruit, fruit stalk and upper and lower leaves of the adjacent fruit, at a dosage of 10 mL / plant, once 5 days after the female flowers at the second node of the watermelon bloomed and pollinated, and then at a dosage of 20 mL / plant, once 15 days before the watermelon fruit matured, and the spraying time was 6 pm.

[0044] Example 5

[0045] A method for improving watermelon yield and quality, the steps are as follows:

[0046] The composite preparation prepared in Example 1 was sprayed on the watermelon fruit, fruit stalk and upper and lower leaves of the adjacent fruit, at a dosage of 10 mL / plant 3 days after the second node of the watermelon female flower blooms and pollinates, and then at a dosage of 20 mL / plant 12 days before the watermelon fruit matures, and the spraying time was 7 pm.

[0047] Example 6

[0048] A method for improving watermelon yield and quality, the steps are as follows:

[0049] The composite preparation prepared in Example 1 was sprayed on the watermelon fruit, fruit stalk and upper and lower leaves of the adjacent fruit, at a dosage of 10 mL / plant, once 7 days after the second node of the watermelon female flower blooms and pollinates, and then at a dosage of 20 mL / plant, once 18 days before the watermelon fruit matures, and the spraying time is 6 pm.

[0050] Example 7

[0051] A method for improving watermelon yield and quality, the steps are as follows:

[0052] The composite preparation prepared in Example 2 was sprayed on the watermelon fruit, fruit stalk and upper and lower leaves of the adjacent fruit, at a dosage of 10 mL / plant, once 5 days after the female flowers at the second node of the watermelon bloomed and pollinated, and then at a dosage of 20 mL / plant, once 15 days before the watermelon fruit matured, and the spraying time was 6 pm.

[0053] Example 8

[0054] A method for improving watermelon yield and quality, the steps are as follows:

[0055] The composite preparation prepared in Example 3 was sprayed on the watermelon fruit, fruit stalk and upper and lower leaves of the adjacent fruit, at a dosage of 10 mL / plant, once 5 days after the female flowers at the second node of the watermelon bloomed and pollinated, and then at a dosage of 20 mL / plant, once 15 days before the watermelon fruit matured, and the spraying time was 6 pm.

[0056] Test Example 1

[0057] Test materials: greenhouse medium-fruit watermelon variety 'Nongkeda No. 5' (scion, provided by the Muskmelon Research Group of Northwest A&F University), white-seeded pumpkin (rootstock, provided by the Muskmelon Research Group of Northwest A&F University).

[0058] The experiment was carried out at the Rougu watermelon experimental base in Yangling, Shaanxi.

[0059] 100 μmol / L melatonin, 200 μmol / L abscisic acid, 200 mmol / L trehalose, 1.5 mL / L potassium humate, 0.5 g / L prohexadione calcium and 0.5 mL / L Tween were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd.

[0060] The experiment used distilled water as the control and set up 4 different mixed liquid treatments: Treatment 1 (T1) was melatonin + abscisic acid, Treatment 2 (T2) was melatonin + abscisic acid + trehalose + potassium humate + prohexadione calcium + Tween, Treatment 3 (T3) was melatonin + trehalose + potassium humate + prohexadione calcium + Tween, Treatment 4 (T4) was melatonin + trehalose + potassium humate + Tween.

[0061] Watermelon was used as the scion and white seed pumpkin was used as the rootstock for grafting and seedling raising. When the grafted seedlings grew to 3 leaves and one heart, they were planted in a solar greenhouse in early March. Hanging vine cultivation was adopted, with a row spacing of 50×100cm, and conventional water and fertilizer management was carried out. The second or third female flower was selected to bear melons. The first treatment was carried out on the 5th day after pollination. Since melatonin is easily decomposed by light, it was sprayed with a sprayer at 6-7 pm when the light was weak. The spraying parts were the upper and lower leaves, fruit stalks and fruits adjacent to the fruit. The spraying was uniform, and 10mL was sprayed per plant. The second treatment was carried out 15 days before the fruit matured. The treatment method and parts were the same as the first treatment, and 20mL was sprayed per plant. After the fruit matured, the single fruit weight and yield, as well as the quality indicators such as soluble solids, soluble total sugar, reducing sugar, soluble protein, vitamin C and lycopene in the center of the fruit were measured.

[0062] The results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, the T1-T4 treatments all significantly increased the single melon weight and yield, among which the T2 treatment had the highest single melon weight and yield. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the T1-T4 treatments all significantly increased the central soluble solids, soluble total sugars and reducing sugar contents of watermelon fruits, among which the central soluble solids, soluble total sugars and reducing sugar contents of the T2 treatment were relatively the highest. Figure 3 As shown, the T1-T4 treatments all significantly increased the soluble protein, vitamin C and lycopene contents of watermelon fruit, among which the T2 treatment had the highest soluble protein content, and the T2 and T3 treatments had the highest vitamin C and lycopene contents.

[0063] Taking the yield and various quality indicators into consideration, the T2 treatment (melatonin + abscisic acid + trehalose + potassium humate + calcium cyclohexadione + Tween) was most effective in improving watermelon yield and fruit quality.

[0064] In summary, it can be seen that the potassium composite preparation prepared by using melatonin, abscisic acid, etc. at appropriate concentrations of the present invention to treat watermelon can significantly increase the yield of watermelon, improve the intrinsic quality of the fruit such as central soluble solids, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, soluble proteins, vitamin C, lycopene, etc., and is safe, environmentally friendly and pollution-free.

[0065] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite preparation for improving watermelon yield and quality, characterized in that: The composition comprises the following concentrations: 90-110 μmol / L melatonin, 180-220 μmol / L abscisic acid, 180-230 mmol / L trehalose, 1-2 mL / L potassium humate, 0.2-0.8 g / L calcium prohexadione and 0.3-0.8 mL / L Tween.

2. Application of the composite formulation according to claim 1 in increasing watermelon yield.

3. The use of the composite preparation according to claim 1 in improving the quality of watermelon fruit, characterized in that: This includes increasing the content of soluble solids, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, soluble protein, vitamin C and lycopene in the center of watermelon.

4. A method for improving watermelon yield and quality, characterized in that: The steps include: The composite preparation according to claim 1 is sprayed on watermelon fruits, fruit stalks and leaves adjacent to the fruits, and the spraying is performed twice.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The spraying period is 3-7 days after the watermelon blooms and pollinates and / or 12-18 days before the watermelon fruit matures.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The watermelon flowering refers to the flowering of the female flowers at the second or third node of the watermelon.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The dosage of the first spraying is 8-12 mL / plant, and the dosage of the second spraying is 18-22 mL / plant.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The spraying time is 6-7 pm.

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