Variable-diameter bone drill kit

Abstract

According to the bone drill kit, the first cutting edge with the fixed outer diameter is arranged at one end of the first drill body, the second cutting edge with the gradually-increased outer diameter is arranged at one end of the second drill body, and the first drill body is driven by the adjusting assembly to stop at the preset position in the second drill body; when the first drill body stops at the first position, the first cutting edge area of the first drill body is exposed out of the second through hole, a primary hole in the bone is expanded into a first hole body with the large hole diameter at a time, and when the first drill body stops at the second position, the first cutting edge area of the first drill body retracts into the second through hole; the first hole body on the bone is gradually expanded into the second hole body meeting the requirement of an endoscope through the second cutting edge of the second drill body, so that the second hole body can be placed into the endoscope conveniently, and the spinal zygapophysis of the diseased region of a patient only needs to be ground off through one-time puncture operation; therefore, the surgical process of grinding the lesion zygopophysis by repeatedly puncturing through bone drills with different diameters in the existing surgery can be completed, the operation is convenient and fast, the operation efficiency is improved, and the operation risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments and relates to a bone drill for intervertebral foraminal endoscopic implantation, in particular to a bone drill kit with a variable diameter. Background Art

[0002] Lumbar disc herniation is a common and frequently occurring disease in spinal orthopedics. It is caused by degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc, rupture of the annulus fibrosus, protrusion of the nucleus pulposus into the spinal canal, stimulation and compression of nerve roots, blood vessels or spinal cord and other tissues, causing low back pain and numbness. The pain of patients is often severe and they cannot walk, which seriously affects their lives. Traditional surgical treatment is traumatic, bleeding, slow recovery after surgery, and has adverse reactions such as long-term lumbar discomfort and high recurrence rate after surgery. With the popularization of minimally invasive concepts, perforaminal endoscopic lumbar surgery has emerged. With its significant advantages such as wide indications, low trauma, high safety, few complications and definite efficacy, perforaminal endoscopic lumbar surgery has been rapidly popularized and developed. This technology is not only used to treat intervertebral disc herniation, but also widely used in the treatment of various types of bone stenosis and senile degeneration. It causes minimal trauma to patients and has definite efficacy in similar surgeries. At present, the international field of minimally invasive spine surgery has recognized that perforaminal endoscopic lumbar surgery is the leading one in this field.

[0003] The basic principle of perforaminal endoscopic surgery is to implant a working cannula through the safety triangle of the intervertebral foramen through percutaneous puncture (a working channel can be formed by implanting the working cannula), and then use an endoscope and a matching nucleus pulposus removal instrument to thoroughly remove the protruding or prolapsed nucleus pulposus outside the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc to relieve the pressure on the nerve roots. The surgical procedure is as follows: first use X-ray fluoroscopy to locate the lesion on the spine, open a surgical incision, then percutaneously insert an anesthetic puncture needle to the lesion, then insert a guide wire from the center hole of the puncture needle to the lesion, withdraw the puncture needle, and then insert a 4mm bone drill with a center hole along the guide wire to the spinal lesion, remove the articular process of the lesion, and then withdraw the 4mm bone drill along the guide wire. Before replacing bone drills of other diameters, X-ray fluoroscopy is used multiple times to ensure that the grinding position of the spinal articular process when using bone drills of other diameters is accurate, so as to establish a surgical operation channel to enter the spinal canal, then implant a working cannula, and then insert an endoscope into the working cannula to perform resection of the lesion under direct vision.

[0004] In the prior art, the following is usually used: Figure 1 The surgery is performed using the five-level bone drill shown in the figure, but repeated replacement of bone drills of different models may cause deviations, and multiple X-ray fluoroscopy positioning will have a certain impact on the health of doctors and patients, resulting in long operation time and high surgical risks, causing certain psychological pressure on doctors and patients. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes a variable diameter bone drill kit, which only requires one puncture and surgical grinding of the spinal articular process at the diseased part of the patient, and can complete the surgical process that requires repeated punctures and grinding of the diseased articular process using bone drills of different diameters in existing surgeries.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A bone drill kit with a variable diameter, characterized by comprising:

[0008] A first drill body, wherein an outer wall at one end of the first drill body has a first blade extending along the axial direction of the first drill body, and when the first drill body rotates axially, the first blade on the first drill body has a machining coverage outer diameter of X mm, where X is a natural number;

[0009] The second drill body has a second blade extending axially along the outer wall of one end of the second drill body. When the second drill body rotates axially, the machining coverage outer diameter of the second blade on the second drill body smoothly transitions from Y mm to Z mm, where Y and Z are both natural numbers, and Z>Y>X.

[0010] Furthermore, the first drill body is used to expand the initial hole with a diameter less than X mm drilled on the bone into a first hole with a diameter of X mm for the first time by using the first blade on the first drill body; the second drill body is used to gradually expand the first hole on the bone into a second hole with a diameter of Z mm for the second time by using the second blade on the second drill body. Preferably, the area where the first blade on the first drill body is located extends outward to form an abutment portion that can enter the initial hole. Preferably, the abutment portion is arranged coaxially with the first drill body.

[0011] Further, the first drill body has a first through hole axially penetrating the first drill body, and the first through hole axially penetrates the abutting portion.

[0012] Further, the second drill body has a second through hole axially penetrating the second drill body, and the first drill body can be adapted to pass through the second through hole.

[0013] Furthermore, when the first drill body performs the first one-time hole expansion, the first drill body portion is located in the second through hole, and the abutment portion extends from the second through hole and extends into the initial hole to be expanded; when the second drill body performs the second step-by-step hole expansion, the first blade area of ​​the first drill body retracts into the second through hole and the abutment portion is exposed from the second through hole and extends into the first hole body to be expanded.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes an adjustment component. When the first drill body is adapted to pass through the second through hole of the second drill body, the adjustment component can drive the first drill body to move axially along the second drill body in the second through hole and stop at the first position or the second position respectively. When the first drill body stops at the first position, the first drill body is partially located in the second through hole and the first blade area and the abutment portion are completely exposed from the second through hole. When the first drill body stops at the second position, the first blade area of ​​the first drill body is completely retracted into the second through hole and the abutment portion is completely exposed from the second through hole.

[0015] Furthermore, the adjustment component includes a limit block and a baffle plate. The limit block is connected to one end of the second drill body. A third through hole is provided in the middle of the limit block, which is coaxially arranged with the second through hole and axially connected. The limit block is provided with a first limit groove and a second limit groove which are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the third through hole. The baffle plate is connected to the first drill body, and the baffle plate is adapted to the first limit groove and the second limit groove. A through groove extending axially along the third through hole is provided on the side wall of the third through hole. The first limit groove and the second limit groove are both connected to the through groove. The baffle plate can pass through the through groove and move along the through groove between the first limit groove and the second limit groove.

[0016] Furthermore, when the first drill body is adapted to pass through the third through hole of the limit block, the baffle on the first drill body passes through the through slot and can move along the through slot; when the baffle moves to a position flush with the first limit slot / the second limit slot, the first drill body is rotated forward by an angle θ in a preset direction so that the baffle is adapted to be snap-fitted into the first limit slot / the second limit slot, and the first drill body stops at the first position / the second position; when the baffle is adapted to be snap-fitted into the first limit slot / the second limit slot, the first drill body is rotated reversely by an angle θ in a preset direction so that the baffle returns to the through slot and can move along the through slot.

[0017] Furthermore, the first limiting grooves, the second limiting grooves, the baffle plates and the through grooves are each provided with two groups, and the two groups of first limiting grooves, the two groups of second limiting grooves, the two groups of baffle plates and the two groups of through grooves are respectively arranged symmetrically along the central axis of the third through hole.

[0018] Furthermore, one end of the first drill body is connected to a gripping portion, the gripping portion adopts a hollow hemispherical cover body, and the top of the limit block has an arc surface matched with the lower surface of the hemispherical cover body.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the bone drill kit provided by the present invention has a first blade with a fixed outer diameter axially extended on the outer wall of one end of the first drill body, and a second blade with a gradually increasing outer diameter axially extended on the outer wall of one end of the second drill body. The first drill body is driven by the adjustment component to move in the second drill body and dock at a preset position. When the first drill body docks at the first position, the first blade area of ​​the first drill body is exposed from the second through hole, and the initial hole on the bone is expanded into a first hole with a larger aperture at one time. When the first drill body docks at the second position, the first blade area of ​​the first drill body retracts into the second through hole, and the first hole on the bone is gradually expanded into a second hole that meets the requirements of the endoscope through the second blade of the second drill body, so as to insert the endoscope. Therefore, only one puncture and surgical grinding of the spinal articular process of the patient's diseased part is required, and the surgical process of repeatedly puncturing and grinding the diseased articular process using bone drills of different diameters can be completed. The conventional surgical process is convenient and fast, improves surgical efficiency, and reduces surgical risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a five-level bone drill in the prior art.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first drill body of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second drill body of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the first drill body and the second drill body of the present invention when expanding holes respectively.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first drill body and the second drill body of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the limit block of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] like Figure 2-7 As shown, the present invention provides a bone drill kit with a variable diameter, comprising:

[0029] The invention comprises: a first drill body 1, a second drill body 2, and an adjustment assembly 3. The first drill body 1 has a first blade 11 extending axially along the first drill body 1 on the outer wall at one end. When the first drill body 1 rotates axially, the outer diameter of the first blade 11 on the first drill body 1 is X mm, where X is a natural number. The second drill body 2 has a second blade 21 extending axially along the second drill body 2 on the outer wall at one end. When the second drill body 2 rotates axially, the outer diameter of the second blade 21 on the second drill body 2 smoothly transitions from Y mm to Z mm, where Y and Z are both natural numbers, wherein Z>Y>X. Preferably, the first blade 11 and the second blade 21 are both threaded drill bits, and preferably, the second blade 21 can directly be a conical threaded drill bit.

[0030] Specifically, the first drill body 1 is used to expand the initial hole 51 with a diameter less than X mm drilled on the bone into a first hole 52 with a diameter of X mm for the first time through the first blade 11 on the first drill body 1; the second drill body 2 is used to gradually expand the first hole 52 on the bone into a second hole 53 with a diameter of Z mm for the second time through the second blade 21 on the second drill body 2. Preferably, the area where the first blade 11 on the first drill body 1 is located extends outward to form an abutment portion 12 that can enter the initial hole 51. Preferably, the abutment portion 12 is arranged coaxially with the first drill body 1.

[0031] The first drill body 1 has a first through hole 13 axially penetrating the first drill body 1, and the first through hole 13 axially penetrates the abutment portion 12. The first through hole 13 is a guide wire hole, and the first drill body 1 can pass through the guide wire to enter the diseased spinal articular process of the patient. The second drill body 2 has a second through hole 22 axially penetrating the second drill body 2. The first drill body 1 and the second drill body 2 are used in conjunction with each other, and the first drill body 1 can be adapted to pass through the second through hole 22 and be movably connected with the second drill body 2. When the first drill body 1 performs the first one-time hole expansion, part of the first drill body 1 is located in the second through hole 22, and the abutment portion 12 extends from the second through hole 22 and extends into the initial hole 51 to be expanded. When the second drill body 2 performs the second step-by-step hole expansion, the first blade 11 area of ​​the first drill body 1 retracts into the second through hole 22, and the abutment portion 12 is exposed from the second through hole 22 and extends into the first hole body 52 to be expanded. Preferably, when the second drill body 2 is used alone, the second through hole can be used as a guide wire hole, and the second drill body 2 can directly pass through the guide wire and enter the diseased spinal articular process of the patient.

[0032] The adjusting assembly 3 is connected to the first drill body 1 and the second drill body 2 respectively. When the first drill body 1 is adapted to pass through the second through hole 22 of the second drill body 2, the adjusting assembly 3 can drive the first drill body 1 to move along the axial direction of the second drill body 2 in the second through hole 22 and stop at the first position or the second position respectively. When the first drill body 1 stops at the first position, part of the first drill body 1 is located in the second through hole 22 and the first blade 11 area and the abutment portion 12 are completely exposed from the second through hole 22. Under the guidance of the guide wire, the first drill body 1 is rotated to grind the intervertebral foramen, and the initial hole 51 on the bone is expanded into the first hole body 52 at one time. When the first drill body 1 is parked at the second position, the first blade 11 area of ​​the first drill body 1 is completely retracted into the second through hole 22 and the abutment portion 12 is completely exposed from the second through hole 22, and the intervertebral foramen ground by the first drill body 1 is gradually enlarged by rotating the second drill body 2 under the guidance of the guide wire, and the first hole body 52 on the bone is gradually expanded into the second hole body 53, so that only one puncture operation is required to grind the vertebral articular process of the patient's diseased part, and the existing surgical process that requires repeated punctures with bone drills of different diameters to grind the diseased articular process can be completed. This is convenient and quick, improves surgical efficiency, and reduces surgical risks.

[0033] The adjustment component 3 includes a limit block 31 and a baffle 32. The limit block 31 is connected to one end of the second drill body 2. A third through hole 33 is provided in the middle of the limit block 31, which is coaxially arranged with the second through hole 22 and axially connected. The limit block 31 is provided with a first limit groove 34 and a second limit groove 35 which are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the third through hole 33; the baffle 32 is connected to the first drill body 1, and the baffle 32 is adapted to the first limit groove 34 and the second limit groove 35. A through groove 36 extending axially along the third through hole 33 is provided on the side wall of the third through hole 33. The first limit groove 34 and the second limit groove 35 are both connected to the through groove 36. The baffle 32 can pass through the through groove 36 and move between the first limit groove 34 and the second limit groove 35 along the through groove 36. Preferably, the first limiting groove 34, the second limiting groove 35, the baffle plate 32 and the through groove 36 are each provided with two groups, and the two groups of first limiting grooves 34, the two groups of second limiting grooves 35, the two groups of baffle plates 32 and the two groups of through grooves 36 are respectively arranged symmetrically along the central axis of the third through hole 33.

[0034] When the first drill body 1 fits through the third through hole 33 of the stop block 31, the baffle 32 on the first drill body 1 passes through the through slot 36 and can move along the through slot 36. When the baffle 32 moves to a position flush with the first stop slot 34 / the second stop slot 35, the first drill body 1 is rotated forward by an angle θ in a preset direction, so that the baffle 32 fits in the first stop slot 34 / the second stop slot 35, and the first drill body 1 stops at the first position / the second position. When the baffle 32 fits in the first stop slot 34 / the second stop slot 35, the first drill body 1 is rotated reversely by an angle θ in a preset direction, so that the baffle 32 returns to the through slot 36 and can move along the through slot 36. A gripping portion 4 is connected to one end of the first drill body 1. The gripping portion 4 adopts a hollow hemispherical cover body, and the top of the stop block 31 has an arc surface that fits the lower surface of the hemispherical cover body.

[0035] When the present invention is working, first, the first drill body 1 is inserted downward from the third through hole 33 of the limit block 31 into the second through hole 22 of the second drill body 2 by holding the gripping portion 4. At this time, the baffle 32 on the first drill body 1 slides along the through groove 36 on the limit block 31. When the baffle 32 slides in the through groove 36 to a position flush with the first limit groove 34 on the limit block 31, the first drill body 1 moves to the first position in the second drill body 2, and a portion of the first drill body 1 is located in the second through hole, and the first blade 11 area and the abutment portion 12 are completely exposed from the second through hole 22. Then, the first drill body 1 is rotated forwardly by an angle θ in a preset direction by rotating the gripping portion 4, so that the baffle 32 is adapted to be snapped into the first limit groove 34. The first drill body 1 is fixed in the positioning groove 34 to stop at the first position in the second drill body 2; at this time, the guide wire is passed through the first through hole 13 of the first drill body 1, and the variable diameter bone drill kit is extended into the diseased spinal articular process of the patient under the guidance of the guide wire, so that the abutment portion 12 extends into the initial hole 51 to be expanded, and the holding portion 4 is rotated again to drive the first drill body 1 to rotate axially, and the initial hole 51 with a hole diameter less than X mm that has been drilled on the bone is expanded for the first time into a first hole body 52 with a hole diameter of X mm through the first blade 11 at the front end of the first drill body 1; after the first drill body 1 is completed, the first drill body 1 is rotated in the reverse direction by an angle θ according to the preset direction by rotating the holding portion 4, so that the baffle 32 moves from the first drill body 1 to the second drill body 2; The first drill body 1 is rotated out of the first limit groove 34 and returned to the through groove 36, and the gripping part 4 is held again to move the first drill body 1 into the second through hole 22 of the second drill body 2. The baffle plate 32 on the first drill body 1 slides along the through groove 36 on the limit block 31 again. When the baffle plate 32 slides in the through groove 36 to a position flush with the second limit groove 35 on the limit block 31, the first drill body 1 moves to the second position in the second drill body 2, and the first blade 11 area of ​​the first drill body 1 is completely retracted into the second through hole 22 and the abutting part 12 is completely exposed from the second through hole 22 and remains in the first hole 52 to be expanded. The first drill body 1 is rotated forward by an angle θ in a preset direction by rotating the gripping part 4, so that the baffle plate 32 The adapter is card-connected in the second limit groove 35, fixing the first drill body 1 to stop at the second position in the second drill body 2; at this time, the gripping part 4 is rotated again to drive the first drill body 1 to rotate axially, and the baffle 32 on the first drill body 1 drives the second drill body 2 to rotate axially, and the first hole body 52 on the bone is gradually expanded for the second time to be a second hole body 53 with a hole diameter of Z mm through the second blade 21 at the front end of the second drill body 2, so as to insert the endoscope, so that only one surgical grinding of the spinal articular process of the patient's diseased part is required, and the existing surgical process that requires repeated puncture with bone drills of different diameters to grind the diseased articular process can be completed. It is convenient and fast, improves the surgical efficiency, and reduces the surgical risk.

[0036] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the structure of the present invention. The technicians in this technical field may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bone drill kit with a variable diameter, characterized in that: include: A first drill body (1), wherein an outer wall at one end of the first drill body (1) is provided with a first blade (11) extending axially along the first drill body (1); when the first drill body (1) rotates axially, the first blade (11) on the first drill body (1) has a processing coverage outer diameter of X mm, where X is a natural number; the first drill body (1) is used to expand an initial hole (51) having a hole diameter less than X mm drilled on a bone into a first hole body (52) having a hole diameter of X mm for the first time through the first blade (11) on the first drill body (1); A second drill body (2) is provided with a second blade (21) extending axially along the second drill body (2) on an outer side wall at one end of the second drill body (2); when the second drill body (2) rotates axially, the outer diameter of the second blade (21) on the second drill body (2) smoothly transitions from Y mm to Z mm, where Y and Z are both natural numbers, wherein Z>Y>X; the second drill body (2) is used to gradually expand the first hole (52) on the bone into a second hole (53) with a hole diameter of Z mm for a second time through the second blade (21) on the second drill body (2).

2. The bone drill kit according to claim 1, characterized in that: An abutment portion (12) which can enter the initial hole (51) extends outward from the area where the first cutting edge (11) is located on the first drill body (1). Preferably, the abutment portion (12) is coaxially arranged with the first drill body (1).

3. The bone drill kit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first drill body (1) is provided with a first through hole (13) which axially penetrates the first drill body (1), and the first through hole (13) axially penetrates the abutment portion (12).

4. The bone drill kit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second drill body (2) is provided with a second through hole (22) axially penetrating the second drill body (2), and the first drill body (1) can be adapted to pass through the second through hole (22).

5. The bone drill kit according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the first drill body (1) performs the first one-time hole enlargement, part of the first drill body (1) is located in the second through hole (22), and the abutment portion (12) extends from the second through hole (22) and extends into the initial hole (51) to be enlarged; when the second drill body (2) performs the second step-by-step hole enlargement, the first blade (11) region of the first drill body (1) is retracted into the second through hole (22), and the abutment portion (12) is exposed from the second through hole (22) and extends into the first hole body (52) to be enlarged.

6. The bone drill kit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The invention also comprises an adjusting component (3). When the first drill body (1) is adapted to pass through the second through hole (22) of the second drill body (2), the adjusting component (3) can drive the first drill body (1) to move in the second through hole (22) along the axial direction of the second drill body (2) and stop at the first position or the second position respectively. When the first drill body (1) stops at the first position, part of the first drill body (1) is located in the second through hole (22) and the first blade (11) area and the abutment portion (12) are completely exposed from the second through hole (22). When the first drill body (1) stops at the second position, the first blade (11) area of ​​the first drill body (1) is completely retracted into the second through hole (22) and the abutment portion (12) is completely exposed from the second through hole (22).

7. The bone drill kit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (3) comprises a limit block (31) and a baffle (32); the limit block (31) is connected to one end of the second drill body (2); a third through hole (33) is provided in the middle of the limit block (31) and is coaxially arranged with the second through hole (22) and axially connected; the limit block (31) is provided with a first limit groove (34) and a second limit groove (35) which are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the third through hole (33); the baffle (32) is connected to the first drill body (1 ), the baffle (32) is matched with the first limiting groove (34) and the second limiting groove (35), a through groove (36) extending along the axial direction of the third through hole (33) is opened on the side wall of the third through hole (33), the first limiting groove (34) and the second limiting groove (35) are both connected to the through groove (36), and the baffle (32) can pass through the through groove (36) and move along the through groove (36) between the first limiting groove (34) and the second limiting groove (35).

8. The bone drill kit according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the first drill body (1) is adapted to pass through the third through hole (33) of the limiting block (31), the baffle (32) on the first drill body (1) passes through the through slot (36) and can move along the through slot (36); when the baffle (32) moves to a position flush with the first limiting slot (34) / the second limiting slot (35), the first drill body (1) is rotated forward by an angle θ in a preset direction, so that the baffle (32) is adapted to be snap-fitted into the first limiting slot (34) / the second limiting slot (35), and the first drill body (1) is parked at the first position / the second position; when the baffle (32) is adapted to be snap-fitted into the first limiting slot (34) / the second limiting slot (35), the first drill body (1) is rotated reversely by an angle θ in a preset direction, so that the baffle (32) returns to the through slot (36) and can move along the through slot (36).

9. The bone drill kit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first limiting groove (34), the second limiting groove (35), the baffle plate (32), and the through groove (36) are each provided with two groups, and the two groups of first limiting grooves (34), the two groups of second limiting grooves (35), the two groups of baffle plates (32), and the two groups of through grooves (36) are respectively arranged symmetrically along the central axis of the third through hole (33).

10. The bone drill kit according to claim 9, characterized in that: One end of the first drill body (1) is connected to a gripping portion (4), the gripping portion (4) is a hollow hemispherical cover, and the top of the limiting block (31) has an arc surface that matches the lower surface of the hemispherical cover.

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