Vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency disposal system

Abstract

The invention provides a vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency disposal system, and aims to improve the safety of an electric vehicle and reduce casualties and property loss caused by fire of a power battery. The system monitors key parameters such as temperature inside and outside the battery pack, carbon monoxide concentration, cavity temperature and the like in real time through multiple sensors, performs data analysis and trend prediction in combination with data of a battery management system, and can identify fire hazards in time and provide early warning. According to different stages of the fire risk, the system automatically selects and executes optimal emergency disposal schemes, such as sound-light alarm, standby circuit switching, battery pack ejection, water-based fire extinguishing agent injection, automatic driving for searching an open parking area and the like. In addition, through deep integration of the system and a vehicle master control system, data sharing and cooperative operation are achieved, and cooperative work of all functional modules is achieved. And the system further adopts a redundancy design and an environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent, so that the reliability and the environmental friendliness are further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of on-board battery management systems for electric vehicles, and in particular to a fire prevention and emergency handling system for on-board power batteries. Background Art

[0002] With the promotion of global environmental protection concepts and the transformation of energy structure, electric vehicles (EVs) have developed rapidly in recent years. As the core component of electric vehicles, power batteries play an important role in improving vehicle endurance, performance and environmental protection. However, with the continuous increase in the number of electric vehicles, the frequent occurrence of battery fire accidents has become one of the key issues restricting the further development of the electric vehicle industry.

[0003] Fires in power batteries are usually caused by malfunctions in the battery pack during charging, discharging or use, which can lead to thermal runaway, short circuits or electrolyte leakage inside the battery, which in turn cause fires. In the prior art, common causes of battery pack fires include the following: Internal battery short circuit: The positive and negative electrodes of the battery come into contact due to production defects, aging, collision damage, etc., causing a short circuit and generating a lot of heat, which can cause a fire.

[0004] External collision: In the event of a collision or severe vibration, the structure of the battery pack may be damaged, causing a battery short circuit or electrolyte leakage, and then a fire.

[0005] Overcharging or over-discharging: Improper charging methods, especially using inappropriate charging equipment or ignoring battery charging specifications, may cause battery overcharging or over-discharging, leading to overheating and fire.

[0006] Battery thermal runaway: When the temperature of the battery is too high, a single battery cell may experience thermal runaway, which can trigger a chain reaction and cause the entire battery pack to catch fire.

[0007] Cooling system failure: If the cooling system of the battery pack does not work properly, the temperature of the battery will not be effectively reduced, which may eventually cause a fire.

[0008] The existing battery management system (BMS) can monitor the voltage, temperature, current and other parameters of the battery pack in real time. However, due to its monitoring limitations, it is unable to comprehensively and accurately determine whether the battery has a fire risk, and there is a lack of timely emergency response measures.

[0009] Most current battery fire prevention measures rely on battery management systems (BMS) for monitoring. These systems usually only monitor basic data such as battery voltage, temperature, current, etc., but cannot fully understand the internal state of the battery, such as possible gas leakage (such as carbon monoxide) in the battery pack, or subtle temperature changes and short circuit problems. This results in the BMS system failing to identify and issue warnings in time when a battery hazard occurs, thus missing the best opportunity for prevention.

[0010] Existing fire emergency response solutions mostly rely on manual equipment such as traditional fire extinguishers and water-based fire extinguishing agents, but these fire extinguishing methods have limited effectiveness in vehicle environments and cannot quickly control the fire in the early stages of the fire. When a battery catches fire, the fire spreads rapidly, and traditional fire extinguishers cannot effectively extinguish battery fires, especially when thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, the fire may quickly spread to the entire battery pack.

[0011] At present, most battery fire prevention systems on the market are single detection and alarm systems that lack intelligent processing capabilities. Electric vehicles have different emergency response requirements for fires in different usage scenarios (such as parking, charging, driving, etc.), and the existing systems lack the ability to intelligently select the best response plan based on actual conditions. Most emergency measures still rely on human judgment and response, lack automated and intelligent response mechanisms, and cannot quickly and effectively respond to complex fire accidents.

[0012] The current fire prevention system lacks deep system integration with the electric drive system and power battery management system of electric vehicles. In most cases, it only exists as an independent module, making it difficult to share data and work with other vehicle systems. The information flow between different systems lags behind, resulting in the inability to achieve the best synergy between early warning and emergency response, which increases the complexity of the system and the difficulty of operation.

[0013] Traditional fire extinguishing methods (such as dry powder fire extinguishing agents) not only have poor fire extinguishing effects, but may also cause secondary pollution to vehicles and the surrounding environment. Although water-based fire extinguishing agents can effectively control battery fires, most existing technologies cannot achieve automatic spraying and cannot accurately control the amount of fire extinguishing agents sprayed, resulting in waste and pollution.

[0014] The shortcomings of the existing technology are as follows: The monitoring methods are not comprehensive and cannot accurately determine the fire hazards of batteries in real time; Fire extinguishing measures are not thorough and cannot effectively control the fire in the early stages; Emergency response lacks intelligence and cannot automatically select appropriate emergency response plans in different scenarios; The system integration is low, and multiple functions cannot work together, affecting emergency response efficiency; Traditional fire-fighting methods have a negative impact on the environment and are unable to extinguish fires efficiently and accurately.

[0015] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new, intelligent on-board power battery fire prevention and emergency response system that can solve the defects in existing technologies through multi-sensor monitoring, intelligent analysis, system collaboration and automated emergency response, improve the safety of electric vehicles, and effectively reduce casualties and property losses caused by battery fires. Summary of the invention

[0016] A vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency response system, comprising: Battery fire prevention and emergency controller, which can obtain battery pack voltage, current, temperature, internal resistance and other data from the vehicle main control system; Multiple sensors are used to monitor the temperature inside the battery pack, carbon monoxide concentration, cavity temperature, vehicle external temperature, wading switch and other information in real time; The data analysis module is used to analyze the collected sensor data and determine the status of the battery pack based on the data trend, including normal, hidden danger or fire; The data analysis module is connected to the CAN bus of the vehicle's main control system, and works in coordination with the main control system through data exchange to control the execution of the emergency response plan.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the sensor includes: Carbon monoxide sensor, used to detect the carbon monoxide concentration inside the battery pack; Temperature sensor, used to detect the temperature inside the battery pack cavity and outside the vehicle; The water wading switch is used to detect whether the vehicle encounters water to prevent fires caused by water wading.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the system can identify fire hazards in advance based on real-time data analysis and trend prediction through an intelligent early warning mechanism, and issue alarms through various means such as sound, light, phone, and text message.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the system automatically selects and executes different emergency response plans according to the usage scenario and fire status of the vehicle, including but not limited to: Eject the battery pack to ensure the safety of the vehicle; Inject water-based fire extinguishing agent to prevent battery combustion from polluting the air; The autonomous driving function is enabled to find an open space for parking; High-frequency monitoring and analysis to prevent misjudgment.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the battery pack adopts a modular design. The battery pack is composed of multiple small battery packs. Each module is equipped with a quick-connect interface and a detachment mechanism, which can be quickly separated in an emergency to reduce the impact of fire on the entire vehicle.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the battery pack casing is designed to have an input interface for an electrically controlled water-based fire extinguisher. When the system detects a fire hazard or a fire occurs, the water-based fire extinguisher can be automatically opened and the fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed to extinguish the fire.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the emergency controller has a redundant design, which can maintain the normal operation of the system when key components fail, including backup circuit switching and parallel connection of supercapacitor groups to increase discharge capacity, thereby improving emergency handling capabilities in emergency situations.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the system dynamically selects different disposal solutions according to different vehicle usage scenarios, such as driving, parking, charging, and collision situations, so as to achieve the optimal emergency response when a fire occurs.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the system can quickly execute corresponding emergency response measures, such as stopping charging, starting backup power supply, sending alarm information, etc. when a fire or hidden danger occurs, through integration with the vehicle main control system.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the system has a human-computer interaction function. In scenarios where manual confirmation is required, the system guides the user to perform confirmation operations through sound and light alarms, prompt information, etc., thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of emergency response. Beneficial Effects

[0026] The vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency disposal system of the present invention has significant beneficial effects, can effectively improve the safety of electric vehicles, reduce the risk of fire accidents, and optimize the deficiencies of existing technologies. Through a fully integrated monitoring, early warning and disposal solution, the system can respond promptly at the early stage of battery fire hazards, significantly reducing the threat of fire to people and property.

[0027] First, the system uses multi-sensor monitoring technology to comprehensively collect key parameters inside and outside the battery pack, such as temperature, carbon monoxide concentration, cavity temperature and other data, avoiding the shortcomings of existing technologies that only rely on battery management system (BMS) voltage and current data. Through real-time data analysis, the system can identify fire hazards early and provide more accurate risk warnings than traditional methods, allowing effective preventive measures to be taken before the fire spreads, thereby greatly improving safety.

[0028] Secondly, the present invention uses innovative emergency response solutions combined with intelligent and automated technologies to automatically select the best response plan and quickly execute it when a fire hazard occurs. For example, when a vehicle collides or is charging, the system can use the automatic driving function to find an open area to park, eject the battery pack to a safe location, or inject a water-based fire extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire. This intelligent emergency response not only improves the efficiency of responding to fires, but also reduces the risk of human negligence or delays, ensuring the safety of occupants and surrounding personnel.

[0029] Finally, the system of the present invention can be deeply integrated with the electric drive system, battery management system and vehicle main control system of existing electric vehicles to achieve data sharing and coordinated operation. Through systematic collaborative work, the vehicle can automatically switch and execute different emergency measures in different usage scenarios (such as driving, parking, charging, collision, etc.), making the system operate efficiently and safely. In addition, the water-based fire extinguishing agent used in the system has good environmental performance, can effectively prevent the pollution of the environment by traditional fire extinguishing agents, reduce secondary damage to the vehicle and the surrounding environment, and meet the needs of modern green environmental protection.

[0030] In general, the vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency response system of the present invention solves the problems of untimely identification of battery fire hazards, insufficient emergency response measures, and poor system integration in the prior art through multi-dimensional monitoring and intelligent response. It has broad application prospects and can provide electric vehicles with safer and more reliable fire prevention and emergency response solutions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of a vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency response system; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The following is combined with Figure 1, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail.

[0035] System composition and working principle: The core components of this system include battery fire prevention and emergency controller, sensor module, data analysis module, emergency response module and connection interface with vehicle main control system. Figure 1 As shown, the system communicates with the vehicle main control system through the CAN bus to achieve data exchange and command issuance.

[0036] Battery fire prevention and emergency controller: This controller is responsible for receiving real-time data from various sensors, including battery voltage, current, temperature, carbon monoxide concentration and other information, and making comprehensive judgments through the data analysis module.

[0037] Sensor module: Sensors are used to monitor key parameters inside and outside the battery pack in real time. Including: Carbon monoxide sensor, used to monitor whether there is dangerous gas leakage inside the battery pack.

[0038] Temperature sensor, used to detect temperature changes inside and outside the battery pack to determine whether overheating or fire hazards occur.

[0039] The wading switch detects whether the vehicle has come into contact with water or entered a deep water environment to avoid battery short circuit or fire caused by water immersion.

[0040] Data analysis module: Through trend analysis of real-time sensor data, the system can determine the fire risk of the battery pack in advance. Once a fire hazard is identified, an early warning and disposal plan will be triggered immediately.

[0041] Emergency response module: According to the vehicle usage scenario and fire status, the system intelligently selects and executes different emergency response plans, including but not limited to: A: Sound and light alarm - remind people around the car to be alert.

[0042] B: Phone / SMS alarm - sends a warning message to the car owner.

[0043] C: Backup circuit switch - switch to backup battery pack.

[0044] D: Battery pack ejection - eject the battery pack to a safe location to reduce the spread of fire.

[0045] E: Inject water-based fire extinguisher to prevent the fire from spreading.

[0046] F: Autopilot function enabled - looking for an open area for parking.

[0047] Data collection and analysis: The temperature, carbon monoxide concentration and other information collected by the sensor will be transmitted to the data analysis module in real time for trend prediction and fire risk assessment. The specific steps are as follows: Temperature collection and analysis: When the temperature inside the battery pack exceeds the set threshold, the system will determine it as a fire hazard and trigger the corresponding alarm mechanism.

[0048] Carbon monoxide concentration detection: If the carbon monoxide concentration inside the battery pack is detected to be too high, the system will determine it as a fire hazard, activate the alarm procedure and prepare for emergency response.

[0049] Battery Management System (BMS) data collection: The BMS system provides battery voltage, current, temperature and other parameter information. The data analysis module combines the battery's electrical characteristics to assess the battery's health status and potential fire risk.

[0050] Emergency response plan: The system can automatically or manually select the best emergency response plan according to different scenarios: Parking scenario: When the system detects that the battery pack is in a fire hazard state, it triggers an audible and visual alarm and SMS notification, prompting the owner to stop the car immediately for inspection. At this time, the temperature inside and outside the vehicle, gas concentration and other data will continue to be monitored to confirm whether it is a false alarm.

[0051] Driving scenario: When a fire hazard is detected, the system will trigger an emergency stop and automatically start the autonomous driving system to find a safe open area to park the vehicle to prevent the fire from spreading while the vehicle continues to drive. After parking, the system starts extinguishing the fire through the water-based fire extinguishing agent injection system.

[0052] Charging scenario: When the battery is overcharged or the temperature is abnormal, the system quickly determines that it is a fire hazard and immediately stops the charging operation to prevent the fire from developing further. After stopping charging, the system will determine whether it is necessary to inject water-based fire extinguishing agent based on the data from the temperature sensor.

[0053] Collision scenario: After a vehicle collision, the system immediately detects whether the battery pack is affected. If there is a fire hazard, emergency measures are immediately initiated, such as battery pack ejection and fire extinguishing.

[0054] Battery pack design: Modular design: The battery pack is composed of multiple small battery packs connected by quick-connect interfaces. Each battery pack is equipped with a drop-out mechanism to quickly separate in an emergency and reduce the impact of fire on the vehicle. When a fire occurs in the battery pack, the system can automatically cut off the battery module related to the fire source and eject it to a safe location.

[0055] Water-based fire extinguisher: The battery pack shell is designed with a water-based fire extinguisher input interface. When the system determines that a fire has occurred, it automatically opens the fire extinguisher and sprays water-based fire extinguishing agent to suppress the fire source and prevent the fire from spreading.

[0056] Redundant design and intelligent decision-making: In order to ensure the reliability and emergency handling capability of the system, the system adopts a redundant design, including backup circuit switching, parallel connection of super capacitor groups, etc., so that the system can continue to work normally when key components fail.

[0057] Example 1: Fire prevention and emergency response in urban parking lots; Background: An electric car is parked in an underground parking lot in the city, and the battery pack is being charged.

[0058] Monitoring starts: During the vehicle charging process, the system monitors the battery voltage and temperature in real time through the BMS. When the temperature sensor detects that the battery pack temperature rises and reaches the set threshold, the system immediately activates the warning mechanism.

[0059] Data collection and analysis: Data from the carbon monoxide sensor and temperature sensor are transmitted to the data analysis module. The module determines that the temperature is too high and there is carbon monoxide leakage, which is considered a potential fire hazard.

[0060] Emergency response: The system triggers an audible and visual alarm and notifies the owner via SMS to stop the car for inspection. At the same time, the system prepares to start the backup circuit switch to prevent the battery pack from overcharging and causing a fire. After the owner stops the car, the system continues to monitor the battery status to eliminate further risks.

[0061] Example 2: Fire prevention and treatment during high-speed driving; Background: An electric car is traveling at high speed and the temperature inside the battery pack rises sharply.

[0062] Monitoring starts: The temperature sensor monitors the battery pack temperature in real time. When the temperature rises rapidly to a fire hazard level, the data analysis module immediately analyzes it and determines it as a fire hazard.

[0063] Emergency response: The system automatically activates the vehicle's autonomous driving function and looks for an open area to park. During parking, the system activates the battery pack ejection function to move the battery pack to a safe area and activates the water-based fire extinguishing agent injection system to extinguish the fire.

[0064] Vehicle stopped: After the vehicle stops in a safe area, the system confirms that the fire risk has been eliminated and the owner receives a confirmation notification.

[0065] Example 3: Fire prevention and control during charging; Background: Electric vehicles are charged at home charging stations, and the BMS system transmits data to the controller.

[0066] Monitoring starts: The system monitors the battery pack voltage, current and temperature in real time. When the battery is overcharged or the temperature is abnormal, the system determines it as a fire hazard based on the sensor data.

[0067] Emergency response: The system immediately stops charging and sends a text message to notify the owner. The system continues to monitor battery temperature and gas concentration to determine whether water-based fire extinguishing agents need to be injected.

[0068] Fire extinguishing activation: If the temperature is still high, the system activates the water-based fire extinguishing agent injection device to prevent the fire from spreading further.

[0069] Example 4: Emergency response in a collision accident; Background: An electric vehicle was involved in a high-speed collision and the battery pack was damaged.

[0070] Monitoring begins: After the collision, the sensor detects a sharp rise in battery pack temperature, accompanied by carbon monoxide gas leakage, and the system determines it as a fire hazard.

[0071] Emergency response: The system activates the battery pack ejection function to eject the battery pack to a safe area outside the vehicle to prevent the fire from spreading. The system also activates the water-based fire extinguishing agent injection device to extinguish the fire.

[0072] Vehicle stopped: After the vehicle stops in a safe area, the system confirms that the fire has been extinguished and the owner receives an emergency response confirmation message.

[0073] The vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency response system provided by the present invention provides an efficient, intelligent and reliable fire prevention and emergency response solution for electric vehicles through a combination of intelligent monitoring, automatic early warning, modular design and multiple emergency response solutions, effectively improving the safety of electric vehicles and reducing the harm of fire accidents to people, property and the environment.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency response system, characterized in that: include: Battery fire prevention and emergency controller, which obtains the voltage, current, temperature and internal resistance data of the battery pack from the vehicle main control system; Multiple sensors are used to monitor the temperature inside the battery pack, carbon monoxide concentration, cavity temperature, vehicle exterior temperature, and wading switch information in real time; The data analysis module is used to analyze the collected sensor data and determine the status of the battery pack based on the data trend, including normal, hidden danger or fire; The data analysis module is connected to the CAN bus of the vehicle's main control system, and works in coordination with the main control system through data exchange to control the execution of the emergency response plan.

2. The vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency handling system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensor comprises: Carbon monoxide sensor, used to detect the carbon monoxide concentration inside the battery pack; Temperature sensor, used to detect the temperature inside the battery pack cavity and outside the vehicle; The water wading switch is used to detect whether the vehicle encounters water to prevent fires caused by water wading.

3. The vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency handling system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Through the intelligent early warning mechanism, the system can identify fire hazards in advance based on real-time data analysis and trend prediction, and issue alarms through sound, light, phone, and text messages.

4. The vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency handling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system automatically selects and executes different emergency response plans according to the vehicle's usage scenario and fire status, including but not limited to: Eject the battery pack to ensure the safety of the vehicle; Inject water-based fire extinguishing agent to prevent battery combustion from polluting the air; The autonomous driving function is enabled to find an open space for parking; High-frequency monitoring and analysis to prevent misjudgment.

5. The vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency handling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack adopts a modular design, and the battery pack is composed of multiple small battery packs. Each module is equipped with a quick-connect interface and a detachment mechanism, which can be quickly separated in an emergency to reduce the impact of fire on the entire vehicle.

6. The vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency handling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack casing is designed to have an input interface for an electrically controlled water-based fire extinguisher. When the system detects a fire hazard or a fire occurs, it can automatically open the water-based fire extinguisher and spray fire extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire.

7. The vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency handling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency controller has a redundant design, which can maintain the normal operation of the system when key components fail, including backup circuit switching and parallel connection of super capacitor groups to increase discharge capacity, thereby improving emergency handling capabilities in emergency situations.

8. The vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency handling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system dynamically selects different disposal plans according to different vehicle usage scenarios, such as driving, parking, charging, and collision situations, to achieve the optimal emergency response when a fire occurs.

9. The vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency handling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system is integrated with the vehicle's main control system to quickly execute corresponding emergency measures when a fire or hidden danger occurs, such as stopping charging, starting a backup power supply, and sending an alarm message.

10. The vehicle-mounted power battery fire prevention and emergency handling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system has a human-computer interaction function. In scenarios where manual confirmation is required, the system guides the user to perform confirmation operations through sound and light alarms and prompt information, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of emergency response.

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