Enclosing ditch backfilling test method and system based on rice and shrimp co-cropping mode

Abstract

The invention belongs to but is not limited to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a surrounding ditch backfill test method based on a rice and shrimp co-cropping mode, which comprises the following steps: S1, selecting two field block types of a standard surrounding ditch and a non-standard surrounding ditch, setting two treatments of local soil backfill and foreign soil backfill, setting the area of each treatment to be not less than 30 mu, and setting for three times; s2, field recording: recording a crop growth process and a pest and disease damage occurrence condition; s3, soil quality investigation: respectively measuring a soil fertility index and a soil quality index before planting and after harvesting; s4, investigating the yield: investigating rice yield constitution factors and filling time before harvesting, and measuring the average per unit yield during harvesting; and S5, cost and income investigation: recording the whole production cost and income, and tracking and investigating the cost and income of conventional management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to but is not limited to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular relates to a ditch backfilling test method and system based on a rice-shrimp farming model. Background Art

[0002] In the process of rice field cultivation, ditch backfilling is often used for soil improvement, especially in the rice-shrimp farming model, where backfilling soil can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. However, current ditch backfilling technology focuses on the impact of backfilled soil on rice fields, often ignoring the source of backfilled soil and how the improvement effect can accurately affect crop growth and yield.

[0003] For example, traditional trench backfilling techniques use a single backfill soil (such as homogeneous soil or foreign soil) to increase soil fertility and improve soil structure. These techniques usually do not fully consider the source of the backfill soil (such as the difference between local soil and imported soil), and lack systematic comparative studies, making it impossible to fully evaluate the specific effects of different backfill treatments on rice growth and yield.

[0004] Existing technical problems:

[0005] 1) The selection of backfill soil: In traditional technology, backfill soil is mostly simple backfilling with local soil or imported soil from non-specific sources, lacking a systematic screening and evaluation process. The long-term impact of soil type, fertility and other related factors on rice growth is not fully considered.

[0006] 2) Insufficient evaluation of soil improvement effects: Although backfilling soil can improve soil structure and fertility to a certain extent, there is a lack of long-term effect evaluation of different backfill treatments (such as native backfilling and imported soil backfilling), especially a systematic analysis of the specific performance of rice during growth and the impact on yield.

[0007] 3) Incomplete soil quality monitoring: In traditional methods, soil quality monitoring usually only focuses on some basic soil properties (such as pH, organic matter content, etc.), but ignores more detailed soil quality indicators (such as tillage layer thickness, bulk density, etc.), as well as the relationship between these indicators and rice growth.

[0008] 4) Lack of economic benefit evaluation: Although ditch backfilling technology can improve soil conditions, the evaluation of its economic benefits is often not detailed enough. The cost and potential benefits of backfilling treatment are not fully considered, and there is a lack of comprehensive economic evaluation, which cannot provide farmers with specific and operational economic decision-making basis.

[0009] Therefore, the existing technology has these technical problems in the implementation process, which limits the precise application of backfill soil and the evaluation of the best effect on rice growth. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a ditch backfilling test method based on the rice-shrimp farming model.

[0011] The present invention is implemented as follows: a ditch backfilling test method based on a rice-shrimp co-cultivation model comprises:

[0012] S1, select two types of fields: standard ditch and non-standard ditch, set two treatments: native soil backfill and imported soil backfill, each treatment area is not less than 30 mu, and set 3 repetitions;

[0013] S2, field records: record the growth process of crops and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests;

[0014] S3, soil quality survey: soil fertility index and soil quality index were measured before planting and after harvest;

[0015] S4, yield survey: Investigate rice yield components and grain filling time before harvest, and measure average yield at harvest;

[0016] S5, cost-benefit survey: record the entire production cost and revenue, and track and investigate the cost and revenue of routine management.

[0017] Furthermore, local backfill and imported soil backfill specifically include:

[0018] Treatment 1: standard ditch local backfill;

[0019] Treatment 2: backfilling of standard ditch soil;

[0020] Treatment 3: Non-standard ditch local backfill;

[0021] Treatment 4: Backfilling of non-standard ditch soil;

[0022] All experimental plots have the same varieties, sowing dates, and planting methods. They are divided into "backfill areas" and "original areas" to keep records of experimental content and soil quality changes, and track yields and cost benefits.

[0023] Field division:

[0024] Each experimental field plot was uniformly divided into a “backfill area” and a “Honda area”;

[0025] Backfill area: the area where the ditch is backfilled;

[0026] Honda area: normal fields outside the ditch used for rice-shrimp farming;

[0027] The experimental plots are operated in a standardized manner in terms of varieties, sowing dates, planting methods, and field management to eliminate interference from other factors;

[0028] Trench backfill method:

[0029] Local backfill: collect the original soil excavated from the field for backfilling to ensure the consistency of soil texture;

[0030] Backfill with imported soil: Introduce external soil (imported soil) with good fertility in the surrounding area for backfilling to ensure that the soil fertility is high and meets local production needs.

[0031] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for backfilling a ditch based on a rice-shrimp farming model, comprising:

[0032] (1) Two types of plots were selected: standard ditch (accounting for ≤10%) and non-standard ditch (accounting for ≥10%), and two treatments were set up: native soil backfill and imported soil backfill. The area of ​​each treatment was not less than 30 mu, and three replicates were set up;

[0033] (2) Keep field records to record crop growth progress, occurrence of pests and diseases, etc.;

[0034] (3) Conduct soil quality surveys and measure soil fertility indicators (including organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, etc.) and soil quality indicators (including tillage layer thickness, tillage layer texture, etc.) before planting and after harvest;

[0035] (4) Conduct a yield survey to investigate the components of rice yield (including the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear, and the fruit set rate) before harvest, and measure the average yield at harvest.

[0036] Furthermore, the cost-benefit investigation step includes:

[0037] Record the entire production cost (including backfilling, production materials input, land preparation, sowing, fertilization, field management, harvesting, etc.) and income, and track and investigate the costs and income of routine management.

[0038] Another object of the present invention is to provide a ditch backfilling test method based on a rice-shrimp farming model for use in urban greening projects, characterized in that the test design includes:

[0039] Select two types of greening areas: standard perimeter ditch (accounting for ≤10%) and non-standard perimeter ditch (accounting for ≥10%);

[0040] Use local soil backfill and imported soil backfill to improve the quality and composition of backfill soil;

[0041] Evaluate the impact of backfilling treatment on greening effects through regular soil quality measurements, crop growth records and yield data;

[0042] An economic benefit analysis was conducted on the two treatment areas to compare the costs and returns of backfill treatment and optimize the greening strategy.

[0043] Further, the soil quality investigation step includes:

[0044] Determine soil fertility and quality indicators before planting, including organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil pH, etc.;

[0045] After harvest, soil quality indicators including plow layer thickness, plow layer texture, soil bulk density, etc. were measured again to evaluate the impact of backfilling on soil quality.

[0046] Another object of the present invention is to provide a ditch backfilling test system based on a rice-shrimp farming model, comprising:

[0047] The selection module is used to select two types of fields: standard ditch and non-standard ditch, and set two treatments: native soil backfill and imported soil backfill. Each treatment area is not less than 30 mu, and three repetitions are set;

[0048] Field record module, used to record crop growth progress and the occurrence of pests and diseases;

[0049] Soil quality survey module, used to measure soil fertility index and soil quality index before planting and after harvest;

[0050] Yield survey module, used to investigate rice yield components and grain filling time before harvest, and to determine average yield at harvest;

[0051] The cost-benefit survey module is used to record the entire production cost and revenue, and track and investigate the cost and revenue of routine management.

[0052] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the ditch backfilling test method based on the rice-shrimp farming model.

[0053] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, enables the processor to execute the steps of the ditch backfilling test method based on the rice-shrimp farming model.

[0054] Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal, which is used to implement the ditch backfilling test system based on the rice-shrimp farming model.

[0055] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0056] 1) Solve the problem of improper selection of backfill soil

[0057] In the prior art, the selection of backfill soil usually does not consider the source and type of soil, while the present invention provides a more accurate backfill soil selection standard by processing different types of ditch fields (standard ditch and non-standard ditch), combining native backfill and imported soil backfill. Through the method of the present invention, the most suitable backfill soil type can be selected according to the actual situation of the field, avoiding the inaccuracy and arbitrariness of backfill soil selection in traditional methods, and ensuring the adaptability and effectiveness of the backfill soil.

[0058] 2) Enhance the monitoring capability of the relationship between soil quality and crop growth

[0059] The existing technology mainly focuses on a single indicator in soil quality monitoring and lacks a comprehensive evaluation of multi-dimensional indicators. The present invention conducts a systematic soil quality survey before and after planting, and measures a number of soil fertility indicators (such as organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, etc.) and soil quality indicators (such as plow layer thickness, bulk density, etc.), providing comprehensive data support for evaluating the improvement effect of backfill soil. This multi-dimensional monitoring can more accurately reflect the specific impact of backfill treatment on soil quality, which helps to optimize soil improvement programs.

[0060] 3) Improved the accuracy of production and cost-benefit analysis

[0061] In traditional backfilling technology, the evaluation of yield and cost-effectiveness is often rough. Through the detailed yield survey method provided by the present invention (such as indicators such as number of ears per mu, thousand-grain weight, and fruit set rate) and comprehensive cost-benefit survey, the present invention can not only provide an accurate analysis of rice yield, but also scientifically evaluate the economic benefits of backfilling. This method of combining yield and economic benefit analysis can help farmers optimize cost input and maximize benefits, and improve the sustainability and economic benefits of the industry.

[0062] 4) Promoted the refinement of agricultural management

[0063] The present invention improves the level of refinement of agricultural management through repeated experiments and scientifically designed experimental processes. By recording and tracking factors such as crop growth process, pest and disease conditions, and combining comprehensive analysis of data such as soil quality and yield, it can provide accurate decision support for agricultural production, reduce uncertainty in the management process, and optimize the entire process of crop planting.

[0064] Significant technological advancements:

[0065] Accurate soil improvement strategy: Through comparative analysis of different soil types and backfill treatments, a more scientific and effective soil improvement strategy was proposed, which improved the accuracy of agricultural production.

[0066] Comprehensive data monitoring system: provides a more comprehensive soil quality and crop growth monitoring system, providing a reliable data basis for agricultural production decision-making.

[0067] Efficient economic benefit evaluation method: Through detailed cost and benefit analysis, it helps farmers better understand the economic value of backfill soil treatment and thus optimize agricultural investment.

[0068] The technological advances invented have helped agricultural production to achieve significant improvements in precision, economic benefits and sustainable development, solved many problems existing in existing technologies, and promoted innovation in agricultural management and production models. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a ditch backfilling test method based on a rice-shrimp farming model provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the cost-benefit investigation steps and methods provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the soil quality investigation steps and methods provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 4 It is a structural block diagram of a ditch backfilling test system based on a rice-shrimp farming model provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for backfilling a ditch based on a rice-shrimp farming model provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0075] S1, select two types of fields: standard ditch and non-standard ditch, set two treatments: native soil backfill and imported soil backfill, each treatment area is not less than 30 mu, and set 3 repetitions;

[0076] S2, field records: record the growth process of crops and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests;

[0077] S3, soil quality survey: soil fertility index and soil quality index were measured before planting and after harvest;

[0078] S4, yield survey: Investigate rice yield components and grain filling time before harvest, and measure average yield at harvest;

[0079] S5, cost-benefit survey: record the entire production cost and revenue, and track and investigate the cost and revenue of routine management.

[0080] The local soil backfilling and imported soil backfilling provided by the embodiment of the present invention specifically include:

[0081] Treatment 1: standard ditch local backfill;

[0082] Treatment 2: backfilling of standard ditch soil;

[0083] Treatment 3: Non-standard ditch local backfill;

[0084] Treatment 4: Backfilling of non-standard ditch soil;

[0085] All experimental plots have the same varieties, sowing dates, and planting methods. They are divided into "backfill areas" and "original areas" to keep records of experimental content and soil quality changes, and track yields and cost benefits.

[0086] Field division:

[0087] Each experimental field plot was uniformly divided into a “backfill area” and a “Honda area”;

[0088] Backfill area: the area where the ditch is backfilled;

[0089] Honda area: normal fields outside the ditch used for rice-shrimp farming;

[0090] The experimental plots are operated in a standardized manner in terms of varieties, sowing dates, planting methods, and field management to eliminate interference from other factors;

[0091] Trench backfill method:

[0092] Local backfill: collect the original soil excavated from the field for backfilling to ensure the consistency of soil texture;

[0093] Backfill with imported soil: Introduce external soil (imported soil) with good fertility in the surrounding area for backfilling to ensure that the soil fertility is high and meets local production needs.

[0094] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for backfilling a ditch based on a rice-shrimp farming model, comprising:

[0095] (1) Two types of plots were selected: standard ditch (accounting for ≤10%) and non-standard ditch (accounting for ≥10%), and two treatments were set up: native soil backfill and imported soil backfill. The area of ​​each treatment was not less than 30 mu, and three replicates were set up;

[0096] (2) Keep field records to record crop growth progress, occurrence of pests and diseases, etc.;

[0097] (3) Conduct soil quality surveys and measure soil fertility indicators (including organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, etc.) and soil quality indicators (including tillage layer thickness, tillage layer texture, etc.) before planting and after harvest;

[0098] (4) Conduct a yield survey to investigate the components of rice yield (including the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear, and the fruit set rate) before harvest, and measure the average yield at harvest.

[0099] like Figure 2 As shown, the cost-benefit investigation steps provided by the embodiment of the present invention include:

[0100] S101, record the entire production cost (including backfilling, production materials input, land preparation, sowing, fertilization, field management, harvesting, etc.) and income, and track and investigate the cost and income of routine management.

[0101] An embodiment of the present invention provides a ditch backfilling test method based on a rice-shrimp farming model for use in an urban greening project, wherein the test design includes:

[0102] Select two types of greening areas: standard perimeter ditch (accounting for ≤10%) and non-standard perimeter ditch (accounting for ≥10%);

[0103] Use local soil backfill and imported soil backfill to improve the quality and composition of backfill soil;

[0104] Evaluate the impact of backfilling treatment on greening effects through regular soil quality measurements, crop growth records and yield data;

[0105] An economic benefit analysis was conducted on the two treatment areas to compare the costs and returns of backfill treatment and optimize the greening strategy.

[0106] like Figure 3 As shown, the soil quality investigation steps provided by the embodiment of the present invention include:

[0107] S201, measure soil fertility and quality indicators before planting, including organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil pH, etc.;

[0108] S202, after harvest, soil quality indicators are measured again, including tillage layer thickness, tillage layer texture, soil bulk density, etc., to evaluate the impact of backfilling treatment on soil quality.

[0109] like Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a ditch backfilling test system based on a rice-shrimp co-cultivation model, comprising:

[0110] The selection module is used to select two types of fields: standard ditch and non-standard ditch, and set two treatments: native soil backfill and imported soil backfill. Each treatment area is not less than 30 mu, and three repetitions are set;

[0111] Field record module, used to record crop growth progress and the occurrence of pests and diseases;

[0112] Soil quality survey module, used to measure soil fertility index and soil quality index before planting and after harvest;

[0113] Yield survey module, used to investigate rice yield components and grain filling time before harvest, and to determine average yield at harvest;

[0114] The cost-benefit survey module is used to record the entire production cost and revenue, and track and investigate the cost and revenue of routine management.

[0115] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the ditch backfilling test method based on the rice-shrimp farming model.

[0116] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, enables the processor to execute the steps of the ditch backfilling test method based on the rice-shrimp farming model.

[0117] Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal, which is used to implement the ditch backfilling test system based on the rice-shrimp farming model.

[0118] The purpose of the ditch backfilling test method based on the rice-shrimp farming model provided by the present invention is to explore the impact of backfilled soil on the growth and yield of rice crops through scientific experimental design and data collection, evaluate the effect of soil quality improvement, and then provide operational suggestions and solutions for farmland soil improvement and agricultural production. The following is the detailed working principle of the method:

[0119] (1) Selection of experimental plots and treatment settings

[0120] Two types of fields, standard ditch (accounting for ≤10%) and non-standard ditch (accounting for ≥10%), were selected for the experiment. The selection of standard ditch and non-standard ditch was determined according to the actual land use situation to ensure the representativeness and diversity of the experiment. In the treatment design, two treatment methods, native backfill and imported soil backfill, were set up. The area of ​​each treatment was not less than 30 mu, and 3 repetitions were set to ensure the statistical reliability and representativeness of the test results. Different backfilling methods are helpful to analyze the specific effects of changes in soil texture and fertility on rice growth.

[0121] (2) Daejeon Records

[0122] During the trial, detailed records of the fields were taken regularly, including key information such as the growth process of crops, the occurrence of pests and diseases, etc. These data not only help monitor the dynamic changes of crop growth, but also provide reference for subsequent analysis. The records of the growth process can include the tillering stage, heading stage, and grain filling stage of rice, while the records of pests and diseases help analyze whether soil improvement has an impact on the disease resistance of crops.

[0123] (3) Soil quality survey

[0124] Before the experiment and after harvest, soil quality surveys were conducted to determine soil fertility and soil quality indicators. Before planting, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil pH and other indicators were tested; after harvest, the effect of backfilling on soil improvement was evaluated by measuring soil quality indicators such as plow layer thickness, plow layer texture, texture configuration and soil bulk density. By comparing the changes in soil quality before and after the experiment, the actual effect of different backfilling treatments on soil improvement can be evaluated.

[0125] (4) Production survey

[0126] Before harvest, the rice yield components were investigated, focusing on recording factors such as the number of panicles per mu, the number of panicles, the fruiting rate, and the thousand-grain weight, as well as the determination of the filling time. At harvest, accurate yield data was obtained by measuring the average yield of rice and considering the standard moisture content of rice (13.5% for indica rice and 14.5% for japonica rice). The purpose of the yield survey was to evaluate the effects of different backfill treatments on rice growth and development, and to further analyze the relationship between soil improvement and yield.

[0127] (5) Cost-benefit survey

[0128] Throughout the production process, detailed records of production costs and revenues were kept, covering all costs of earthwork backfilling, production materials input, land preparation, sowing, fertilization, field management, harvesting, etc. Tracking the costs and revenues of routine management ensures the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data. Cost-benefit surveys help evaluate the economic benefits of different backfill treatments and ensure the feasibility and economic value of the test method in actual agricultural production.

[0129] Through the implementation of the above steps, all the data obtained will be statistically analyzed to compare the differences in soil quality changes, crop growth, yield and economic benefits of different treatments. Based on the analysis results, the best soil management plan for different field types and backfill treatments is proposed. The final results will help determine the best practice of backfilling in the rice-shrimp farming model, providing strong data support and theoretical basis for agricultural production.

[0130] 1. Test location

[0131] Qianjiang City, where the rice-shrimp farming model has been developed for a long time and has been promoted in a large area, was chosen as the experimental site. The model has been applied for at least 5 years and the area of ​​a single field is more than 30 mu.

[0132] 2. Experimental Design

[0133] Two types of fields were selected: standard ditch (accounting for ≤10%) and non-standard ditch (accounting for ≥10%). Two treatments, native backfill and imported soil backfill, were set up. The area of ​​each treatment was not less than 30 mu, and three repetitions were set up.

[0134] Treatment 1: Standard ditch backfill (SDB)

[0135] Process 2: Standard ditch backfill (SDK)

[0136] Treatment 3: Non-standard local backfilling of ditches (NSDB)

[0137] Process 4: Non-standard ditch backfill (NSDK)

[0138] All experimental plots have unified varieties, sowing periods, planting methods, etc., and everything else is managed according to local traditional production methods.

[0139] 3. Investigation Records

[0140] The test contents and soil quality changes were recorded in the "backfill area" and "Honda area", and the yield and cost-benefit were tracked. The specific records are as follows:

[0141] 1. Field records. Records of crop growth progress, occurrence of pests and diseases, etc.

[0142] 2. Soil quality survey. Before planting and after harvest, soil fertility indicators (organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, soil pH, etc.) and soil quality indicators (plow layer thickness, plow layer texture, texture configuration, soil bulk density, etc.) were measured.

[0143] 3. Yield survey. Before harvest, investigate the rice yield components (number of ears per mu, number of grains per ear, fruit set rate, 1000-grain weight) and grain filling time, and measure the average yield per unit area at harvest (standard moisture content of rice: 13.5% for indica rice and 14.5% for japonica rice).

[0144] 4. Cost-benefit survey. Record the entire production cost (including earth filling, production materials input, land preparation, sowing, fertilization, field management, harvesting, etc.) and income, and track and investigate the cost and income of routine management.

[0145] IV. Results Analysis

[0146] 1. Comparison of soil texture under different backfilling methods

[0147] 2. Comparison of rice yields under different backfilling methods

[0148] 3. Comparison of cost-benefit of different backfilling methods

[0149] Detailed scheme of ditch backfilling test method based on rice-shrimp farming model

[0150] The present invention provides a systematic and scientific ditch backfilling test method, which comprehensively analyzes different types of ditch and backfilling methods under the rice-shrimp farming model, including a comprehensive evaluation of crop growth, soil quality, yield, cost-benefit, etc. The detailed scheme is as follows:

[0151] 1. Experimental design and treatment plan

[0152] Experimental plot type and treatment settings:

[0153] Ditch types: There are two types of fields: standard ditch and non-standard ditch.

[0154] Backfilling methods: local backfilling and imported soil backfilling.

[0155] Test treatment:

[0156] Treatment 1: Standard ditch + local backfill

[0157] Treatment 2: Standard ditch + backfill with imported soil

[0158] Treatment 3: Non-standard ditch + local backfill

[0159] Treatment 4: Non-standard trench + backfill with imported soil

[0160] The area of ​​each treated field: no less than 30 mu.

[0161] Number of repetitions: Set 3 repetitions, with balanced field distribution in each repetition to ensure the reliability of the results.

[0162] Field division:

[0163] Each experimental field is uniformly divided into a "backfill area" and a "Honda area".

[0164] Backfill area: The area where the ditch is backfilled.

[0165] Honda area: normal fields outside the ditch used for rice-shrimp farming.

[0166] The experimental fields carry out standardized operations in terms of variety, sowing period, planting method and field management to eliminate interference from other factors.

[0167] Trench backfill method:

[0168] Local backfill: Collect the original soil excavated from the field for backfilling to ensure the consistency of soil texture.

[0169] Backfill with imported soil: Introduce external soil (imported soil) with good fertility in the surrounding area for backfilling to ensure that the soil fertility is high and meets local production needs.

[0170] 2. Test observation and measurement content

[0171] 1. Crop growth records (S2)

[0172] Crop growth process: record the key growth stages of rice from sowing to maturity (tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage, filling stage, and maturity stage).

[0173] Pest and disease observation:

[0174] The types, incidence rates and control effects of pests and diseases in the fields with different treatments were recorded.

[0175] Regularly investigate pest density and the effectiveness of control measures to determine the impact of backfilling methods on the ecological environment.

[0176] 2. Soil quality survey (S3)

[0177] Soil fertility and quality analysis is carried out before planting and after harvest. Specific indicators include:

[0178] Soil fertility index:

[0179] Organic matter content (g / kg)

[0180] Total nitrogen (g / kg), total phosphorus (g / kg), total potassium (g / kg)

[0181] Available nitrogen (mg / kg), available phosphorus (mg / kg), available potassium (mg / kg)

[0182] Soil quality indicators:

[0183] Soil bulk density (g / cm 3 )

[0184] Soil moisture content (%)

[0185] Soil pH

[0186] Soil salt content

[0187] Observation method: Soil samples from the 0.20-cm tillage layer were collected and measured using soil analysis instruments to compare the improvements in soil fertility and quality caused by different backfilling methods.

[0188] 3. Production structure and production survey (S4)

[0189] Production components:

[0190] Number of effective ears per square meter

[0191] Number of grains per ear

[0192] Thousand-grain weight

[0193] Filling time: record the duration and rate of filling to assess crop growth potential.

[0194] Yield determination:

[0195] At harvest, random samples were taken from each treatment block to determine the average yield (kg / mu).

[0196] The total yield was counted and the differences among treatments were calculated to analyze the effect of backfilling method on yield.

[0197] 4. Cost-benefit investigation (S5)

[0198] Cost Record:

[0199] Record input costs throughout the rice cultivation process, including:

[0200] Seed costs, fertilizer costs, pesticide costs, labor costs, field management costs, etc.

[0201] Backfill operation costs (labor and transportation costs for local backfill and imported soil backfill).

[0202] Income Statistics:

[0203] Total income is calculated based on rice sales price and total production.

[0204] Shrimp production and sales revenue under the rice-shrimp farming model.

[0205] Cost-benefit accounting:

[0206] Calculation of economic benefit indicators:

[0207] Total production cost (yuan / mu)

[0208] Average per mu income (yuan / mu)

[0209] Net profit (yuan / mu) = income cost

[0210] Return on investment (%) = Net profit / cost × 100%

[0211] 3. Data Analysis and Results Evaluation

[0212] Statistical analysis:

[0213] All measured data were analyzed using statistical methods (such as analysis of variance, LSD test, etc.) to evaluate the significant differences between different backfilling methods and ditch types.

[0214] Comprehensive evaluation of crop growth period, soil fertility, yield structure, economic benefits, etc.

[0215] Result evaluation indicators:

[0216] Production performance: Effect of backfilling method on rice yield and shrimp yield.

[0217] Soil improvement effect: changes in soil fertility and quality after backfilling.

[0218] Economic benefits: input-output ratio and net income of different treatments.

[0219] IV. Experimental conclusions and application promotion

[0220] Based on the test results, the best backfilling method and ditch treatment plan are identified to provide scientific basis and technical guidance for soil remediation and agricultural production under the rice-shrimp farming model. At the same time, combined with actual promotion and application, farmers are provided with optimized backfilling strategies and management suggestions.

[0221] This detailed plan not only enhances the operability of the experiment, but also provides theoretical support and practical basis for the efficient production of the rice-shrimp farming model through comprehensive data observation and analysis.

[0222] Example 1: Standard ditch and local backfilling

[0223] 1. Implementation site and design

[0224] Experimental field type: Select standard ditch type field.

[0225] Backfill treatment: Use local backfill to backfill the original soil excavated from the ditch into the ditch.

[0226] Field area: 30 acres, divided into "backfill area" and "Honda area".

[0227] Number of repetitions: 3 times.

[0228] 2. Crop growth and recording

[0229] Crop varieties: Use conventional rice varieties.

[0230] Sowing time and planting method: Machine transplanting is carried out in mid-May.

[0231] Observation during the reproductive period:

[0232] Record the growth process of rice from tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage to maturity stage.

[0233] Pest and disease observation: record the incidence of pests and diseases during the filling period and analyze the ecological balance in the field.

[0234] 3. Soil quality survey

[0235] Sampling period: Soil samples were collected once before planting and once after harvest.

[0236] Determination indicators:

[0237] Organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content.

[0238] Indicators such as soil pH, bulk density, and moisture content.

[0239] Results: By comparing the data, it was found that the soil fertility did not change much after backfilling, and maintained a high organic matter content.

[0240] 4. Output and cost benefits

[0241] Yield determination:

[0242] Average yield: 620kg / mu.

[0243] Yield composition: the number of effective ears is 280 per square meter, the number of grains per ear is 120, and the thousand-grain weight is 24g.

[0244] Costs and benefits:

[0245] Production cost: 1,200 yuan / mu.

[0246] Sales revenue: The average unit price of rice is 2.8 yuan / kg, and the total revenue is 1,736 yuan / mu.

[0247] Net profit: 536 yuan / mu, return on investment reached 44.6%.

[0248] Conclusion: Native backfill performed stably in standard ditches, soil quality did not decrease significantly, rice yield and economic benefits were good, and it is suitable for promotion in resource-limited areas.

[0249] Example 2: Non-standard trench and imported soil backfilling treatment

[0250] 1. Implementation site and design

[0251] Experimental field type: Select non-standard ditch type fields (irregular ditch excavation and more soil loss).

[0252] Backfill treatment: Use imported soil to backfill, and introduce external soil with higher fertility for backfilling.

[0253] Field area: 30 acres, divided into "backfill area" and "Honda area".

[0254] Number of repetitions: 3 times.

[0255] 2. Crop growth and recording

[0256] Crop varieties: unified as high-yield rice varieties.

[0257] Sowing time and planting method: Machine transplanting will be carried out on May 20.

[0258] Observation during the reproductive period:

[0259] The tillering period of rice was advanced by 2 days, and the rice showed vigorous and even growth from the jointing period to the filling period.

[0260] The incidence of diseases and insect pests is low, and the field ecology is relatively balanced.

[0261] 3. Soil quality survey

[0262] Sampling period: Soil samples were collected once before planting and once after harvest.

[0263] Determination indicators:

[0264] The organic matter content increased by 10.2%.

[0265] The content of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15%-20% higher than that of native backfill.

[0266] The soil pH is maintained at 6.8, which is suitable for rice growth.

[0267] 4. Output and cost benefits

[0268] Yield determination:

[0269] Average yield: 680kg / mu.

[0270] Yield composition: 300 effective ears per square meter, 130 grains per ear, and 1,000-grain weight 26g.

[0271] Costs and benefits:

[0272] Production cost: 1,500 yuan / mu (including soil transportation and landfill costs).

[0273] Sales revenue: unit price of rice is 2.8 yuan / kg, and total revenue is 1,904 yuan / mu.

[0274] Net profit: 404 yuan / mu, return on investment 27%.

[0275] Conclusion: Backfilling with imported soil in non-standard ditches significantly improved soil fertility, promoted rice growth and yield, and significantly improved economic benefits, but the input cost was high. It is suitable for farmers pursuing high yields or regions with financial support.

[0276] Example 1 and Example 2 show the effects of different ditch types and backfilling methods on the rice-shrimp farming system. Standard ditch combined with native backfill has the advantages of high stability and low cost; non-standard ditch combined with imported soil backfill can significantly increase production, but the investment cost is relatively high. According to different production conditions and economic conditions, choosing an appropriate backfilling method can optimize the economic benefits and sustainability of the rice-shrimp farming model.

[0277] Example 3: Ditch backfilling test in urban greening project

[0278] In a greening construction project in a certain city, the soil quality in the city park was seriously degraded, making it difficult to plant lawns, and the original soil structure was not suitable for large-scale greening. In order to improve the greening effect, a ditch backfilling test method based on the rice-shrimp farming model was used to improve soil quality and enhance the plant growth environment.

[0279] #Experimental Design

[0280] 1) Field type selection: Two types of greening areas, standard ditch (accounting for ≤10%) and non-standard ditch (accounting for ≥10%), were selected for the experiment. The standard ditch area was used for native backfill, and the non-standard ditch area was backfilled with imported soil.

[0281] 2) Soil quality survey: Before planting, soil fertility indicators (such as organic matter, total nitrogen, and available potassium) and soil quality indicators (such as plough layer thickness and plough layer texture) were measured in the two areas. The data showed that the soil quality in the non-standard ditch area was poor, lacking necessary nutrients and good soil structure.

[0282] 3) Crop growth and yield survey: After planting lawns and shrubs, regularly record the growth process, including the growth rate, coverage rate and greening effect of the lawn. At harvest, measure the lawn coverage and leaf health.

[0283] 4) Cost and benefit survey: record the earth backfill costs, lawn planting costs, soil improvement material costs, etc. for each treatment, and track and record the vegetation maintenance costs.

[0284] Through soil quality improvement and precise backfilling, the soil texture of the non-standard ditch area has been significantly improved, the lawn has grown faster, and the coverage rate has been significantly increased. According to the comparative analysis of cost and output, the economic benefits of the local backfill area are higher.

[0285] Example 4: Backfilling test of rice-shrimp farming model in agricultural fields

[0286] In a certain agricultural field, the traditional rice fields have been cultivated for a long time, the soil quality has declined, and the necessary nutrients are lacking, resulting in a decrease in rice yield year by year. In order to improve this problem, a ditch backfilling test method in a rice-shrimp farming model was adopted to explore the effect of backfilling treatment on soil quality and rice yield.

[0287] #Experimental Design

[0288] 1) Field type selection: The experiment selected two field areas, standard ditch (accounting for ≤10%) and non-standard ditch (accounting for ≥10%), and carried out different types of backfilling treatments. The standard ditch was backfilled with native soil, while the non-standard ditch was backfilled with imported soil.

[0289] 2) Soil quality survey: Before planting, the fertility (such as organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, etc.) and quality (such as tillage layer thickness, soil bulk density, etc.) of the soil were measured. The test results showed that the soil texture of the non-standard ditch was poor, the soil pH was low before backfilling, and the nutrients were scarce.

[0290] 3) Rice growth and yield survey: Regularly record the growth status of rice, including tillering, heading, filling and other processes, with special attention paid to filling time and yield components (such as number of panicles, thousand-grain weight, fruit setting rate, etc.). By comparing the yield forecast before harvest and the actual harvest data, it is concluded that backfill soil treatment has an effect on increasing rice yield.

[0291] 4) Cost and benefit survey: Record the total cost of backfilling, earth excavation, fertilization and rice cultivation, and analyze the benefits of each treatment area. Through economic benefit analysis, it was found that the rice yield in the area of ​​backfilling with imported soil was higher, the soil structure was significantly improved, and the land use efficiency was improved.

[0292] The paddy field area has improved soil structure and nutrient content through backfilling of the rice-shrimp farming model, and the growth quality and yield of rice have been significantly improved. The backfilling treatment effectively improved the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, and reduced the amount of fertilizer applied. Through cost-benefit analysis, it was found that the backfilling treatment in the non-standard ditch area not only increased the yield, but also reduced the long-term fertilization cost, resulting in higher economic benefits.

[0293] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ditch backfilling test method based on rice-shrimp farming model, characterized in that: include: S1, select two types of fields: standard ditch and non-standard ditch, set two treatments: native soil backfill and imported soil backfill, each treatment area is not less than 30 mu, and set 3 repetitions; S2, field records: record the growth process of crops and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests; S3, soil quality survey: soil fertility index and soil quality index were measured before planting and after harvest; S4, yield survey: Investigate rice yield components and grain filling time before harvest, and measure average yield at harvest; S5, cost-benefit survey: record the entire production cost and revenue, and track and investigate the cost and revenue of routine management.

2. The method for backfilling the ditch based on the rice-shrimp farming model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local backfill and imported soil backfill specifically include: Treatment 1: standard ditch local backfill; Treatment 2: backfilling of standard ditch soil; Treatment 3: Non-standard ditch local backfill; Treatment 4: Backfilling of non-standard ditch soil; All experimental plots have the same varieties, sowing dates, and planting methods. They are divided into "backfill areas" and "original areas" to keep records of experimental content and soil quality changes, and track yields and cost benefits. Field division: Each experimental field is uniformly divided into "backfill area" and "Honda area"; Backfill area: the area where the ditch is backfilled; Honda area: normal fields outside the ditch used for rice-shrimp farming; The experimental plots are operated in a standardized manner in terms of varieties, sowing dates, planting methods, and field management to eliminate interference from other factors; Trench backfill method: Local backfill: collect the original soil excavated from the field for backfilling to ensure the consistency of soil texture; Backfill with imported soil: Introduce external soil (imported soil) with good fertility in the surrounding area for backfilling to ensure that the soil fertility is high and meets local production needs.

3. A ditch backfilling test method based on rice-shrimp farming model, characterized in that: include: (1) Two types of plots were selected: standard ditch (accounting for ≤10%) and non-standard ditch (accounting for ≥10%), and two treatments were set up: native soil backfill and imported soil backfill. The area of ​​each treatment was not less than 30 mu, and three replicates were set up; (2) Keep field records to record crop growth progress, occurrence of pests and diseases, etc.; (3) Conduct soil quality surveys and measure soil fertility indicators (including organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, etc.) and soil quality indicators (including tillage layer thickness, tillage layer texture, etc.) before planting and after harvest; (4) Conduct a yield survey to investigate the components of rice yield (including the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per ear, and the fruit set rate) before harvest, and measure the average yield at harvest.

4. The method for backfilling the ditch based on the rice-shrimp farming model according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cost-benefit investigation steps include: Record the entire production cost (including backfilling, production materials input, land preparation, sowing, fertilization, field management, harvesting, etc.) and income, and track and investigate the costs and income of routine management.

5. A ditch backfilling test method based on rice-shrimp farming model applied to urban greening projects, characterized in that: The experimental design includes: Select two types of greening areas: standard perimeter ditch (accounting for ≤10%) and non-standard perimeter ditch (accounting for ≥10%); Use local soil backfill and imported soil backfill to improve the quality and composition of backfill soil; Evaluate the impact of backfilling treatment on greening effects through regular soil quality measurements, crop growth records and yield data; An economic benefit analysis was conducted on the two treatment areas to compare the costs and returns of backfill treatment and optimize the greening strategy.

6. The method for backfilling trenches based on rice-shrimp farming model according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soil quality investigation steps include: Determine soil fertility and quality indicators before planting, including organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil pH, etc.; After harvest, soil quality indicators including tillage layer thickness, tillage layer texture, soil bulk density, etc. were measured again to evaluate the impact of backfilling on soil quality.

7. A ditch backfilling test system based on rice-shrimp symbiosis mode for implementing the ditch backfilling test method based on rice-shrimp symbiosis mode as claimed in any one of claim 16, characterized in that: The ditch backfilling test system based on the rice-shrimp farming model includes: The selection module is used to select two types of fields: standard ditch and non-standard ditch, and set two treatments: native soil backfill and imported soil backfill. Each treatment area is not less than 30 mu, and three repetitions are set; Field record module, used to record crop growth progress and the occurrence of pests and diseases; Soil quality survey module, used to measure soil fertility index and soil quality index before planting and after harvest; Yield survey module, used to investigate rice yield components and grain filling time before harvest, and to determine average yield at harvest; The cost-benefit survey module is used to record the entire production cost and revenue, and track and investigate the cost and revenue of routine management.

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