Overall regulation and control method for improving reproduction conversion rate of grassland grass

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and provides an overall regulation and control method for improving the reproduction conversion rate of herbage. Aiming at the urgent problem, namely regulation and improvement of reproductive transformation efficiency, to be solved in the current production of the native termitorchid grass seeds, the method focuses on taking termitorchid grass as a technical test material, and through combination and integration of a series of key technical components, such as sowing, tillering promotion, seedling protection, overwintering plant after reviving, tillering reproductive regulation in spring and the like, the yield of the termitorchid grass seeds is improved. A reliable and feasible efficient regulation and control practical technology for reproduction and transformation of the terranean grass is constructed, and the technical scheme is applied to similar terranean grass varieties at home and abroad for technical effect verification, so that a remarkable effect is achieved, and a reliable technical support is provided for bottleneck breakthrough of a local terranean grass seed yield increasing technology and improvement of regional excellent grass resource productivity in China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular relates to a comprehensive regulation method for improving the reproductive conversion rate of timothy grass. Background Art

[0002] Timothy Phleum pratense L.) belongs to the genus Timothy of the Poaceae family. It is a perennial clump-type herb with well-developed fibrous roots, upright stems, often spherical and swollen at the base, withered leaf sheaths, flat leaves, rough on both sides and edges, and gray-green. The panicle is cylindrical, compact, flattened on both sides, almost sessile, and disarticulated from the glume. The glume is persistent or late-falling, with 3 veins, and the midrib is ridged. The spikelet is oblong and contains 1 floret. The glume is membranous, with short awns or small tips at the top. The lemma is membranous, with 3-7 veins, with fine hairs on the veins, obtuse at the top, shorter than the glume, blunt head, with fine teeth, no awns, and the palea is slightly shorter than the lemma, with fine cilia on the ridges. There are 3 stamens; the ovary is smooth, the style is thin, and the stigma is thin and long, extending outside the glume. The seeds of the caryopsis are ovate, brown-yellow, slightly transparent, and have irregular protrusions on the surface.

[0003] Timothy grass is mainly distributed in the temperate cold temperate zone and near Arctic climate zone between 35° and 50° north latitude. There are about 15 wild Timothy grass species in the world. The most widely cultivated one is Timothy grass ( P. pratense) It is also the most in-demand grass species in South Korea, Japan, France, the Netherlands, the United States, Russia and other countries. There are four wild species in my country, namely, Timothy grass ( P. pratense )、False timothy grass( P． phleoides )、Alpine Timothy( P. alpinum ) and Ghost Candles( P. paniculatum ), it is cultivated in Gansu, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Jilin and other places in China. Among them, the most famous is the native grass species "Minshan" timothy grass native to the Minshan area of ​​Dingxi City, Gansu Province.

[0004] Timothy grass is a shallow winter long-lived clump grass with a lifespan of 6-8 years. It is cold-resistant and moisture-loving. Its seeds germinate when the ground temperature is 3-4℃. It turns green in large quantities in spring when the temperature is above 4℃. Its growth slows down in autumn when the temperature is below 5℃. At the same time, it has abundant leaves and dense and developed fibrous roots. It rarely heads in the year of sowing. Its grass yield is the highest in 3-4 years. It is an excellent grass species for soil water purification and soil and water loss prevention. In addition, Timothy grass is tender, grows fast, has a large grass yield, high nutritional value, and is extremely sensitive to water and fertilizer. With reasonable fertilization and irrigation, the fresh grass yield can reach 30,000-62,500 kg / hm2. 2, the crude protein content of hay can reach 23%, which is a rare high-protein, long-fiber, high-quality forage. In recent years, due to the unique effects of Timothy grass on fat conversion, reproductive health and physical endurance improvement for racehorses and pets, the market is in short supply. Survey data show that the annual gap of Timothy grass in the international market is more than 10 million tons. Among them, Japan and South Korea have large demands, requiring 500,000 to 1 million tons each year. The export price of green hay is 10,000 yuan / ton. At the same time, the domestic sales market is extremely hot. The price of Timothy grass represented by pet food was as high as 40-50 yuan / kg, which is more than 5 times the price of ordinary rice, showing huge market development potential.

[0005] However, seed yield is an important prerequisite for the production of timothy grass forage, and it has been difficult to effectively increase it for many years, especially for domestic native grass species, which has seriously restricted the scale of timothy grass development as a domestic local advantageous industry. The main reasons are that local grass species have been cultivated for a long time, production technology is not standardized, site selection and sowing technology is not in place, and post-sowing seedling management is not timely, resulting in a serious lack of monopoly seedlings before winter. What is more important is that there is insufficient understanding of the critical period of growth after the vertical year, lack of regulatory measures, low plant reproductive conversion rate, and insufficient number of reproductive branches, resulting in a rapid decline in seed yield. Therefore, it is urgent to propose efficient regulation technology for reproductive conversion of timothy grass. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the invention is to provide a comprehensive control method for improving the reproductive conversion rate of Timothy grass.

[0007] Previous research results show that reproductive branches are the primary determinant of Timothy grass seed yield. Sufficient number of seedlings before winter and efficient transformation of reproductive branches after winter are important guarantees for increasing the number of Timothy grass reproductive branches. Among them, the effectiveness of the technology for regulating the reproductive transformation of overwintering plants after greening and spring tillering is the key.

[0008] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for comprehensively regulating and controlling the reproductive conversion rate of timothy grass, comprising the following steps: S1. Site selection: Choose a flat, low-lying, well-drained land with neutral or sticky soil that is not prone to drought for sowing (this condition is mainly for sandy loam, sloping land and waterlogged areas, which is conducive to improving the effect of later technical implementation); S2, land preparation: after the ground is cleaned, first spread the base fertilizer and insecticide, then plow the soil, and finally press it once with a roller; wherein the base fertilizer is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the spreading amount is 35-45kg / mu, preferably 40kg / mu, the insecticide is 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus, the spreading amount is 5kg / mu; S3, sowing: the sowing time is early spring or early autumn, first weigh the Timothy grass seeds and the seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate, mix them evenly, then sow them in the furrows at the same time, and finally sprinkle irrigation; wherein the sowing amount of the Timothy grass seeds is 1.5-5.0kg / mu, the seed fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the sowing amount is 4kg / mu, and the sprinkler irrigation amount of water is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm; S4. Autumn tillering promotion: 7-8 weeks before the freezing day (minimum temperature ≤ 0℃), spread urea (N ≥ 46%) 13kg / mu on the ground, i.e. 90kg N / hm 2 , then sprinkle irrigation, and spray 6-BA (or cytokinin, zeatin) with a concentration of 40ppm around noon the next day, the water spraying amount is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm, and the spraying amount of 6-BA is 55-65L / mu, preferably 60L / mu; S5. Freezing management: After freezing in winter (daily minimum temperature < 0°C), first spread diammonium phosphate on the surface, then sprinkle irrigation; the spreading amount of diammonium phosphate is 15-25 kg / mu, preferably 20 kg / mu, and the amount of water for sprinkle irrigation is 45-55 mm, preferably 50 mm; S6. Greening and reproductive regulation: After the overwintering plants turn green in spring, when the daily minimum temperature is > 0℃, nitrogen is applied to the ground first, followed by sprinkler irrigation; the nitrogen application rate is 45kg N / hm 2 (Urea 6.5kg / mu), water spraying amount is 45-55mm, preferably 50mm; S7. Jointing and reproductive regulation: At the end of the jointing period of overwintering plants, nitrogen was applied to the ground and then sprinkled, and gibberellin (GA3) with a concentration of 40ppm was sprayed around noon the next day; the nitrogen application rate was 90kg N / hm 2 (Urea 13kg / mu), the water spraying amount is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm, and the gibberellin spraying amount is 55-65L / mu, preferably 60L / mu; S8. Harvest management: After harvesting the grass seeds in the summer, cut the aboveground part of the plants, leaving 6-10 cm stubble, preferably 8 cm, apply nitrogen on the surface, and then sprinkle irrigation; the nitrogen application rate is 90 kg N / hm 2 (Urea 13kg / mu), the water spraying amount is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm.

[0009] Furthermore, S1 specifically includes: selecting a plot with low terrain, good drainage, flat ground that is not prone to drought and neutral or slightly sticky soil for sowing.

[0010] Furthermore, S2 specifically includes: 1) Cleaning the land: Before sowing, first clean up the remaining plants, large rocks and waste from the previous crop; 2) Base fertilizer and pesticide: spread base fertilizer potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 35-45kg / mu, preferably 40kg / mu and 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus pesticide 5kg / mu; the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer includes: N 15%, P2O5 15%, K2O 15% and sulfur ≥ 11%; 3) Tillage: A tractor with a five-furrow plow is used to plough the soil deeply with pesticides and base fertilizer to a depth of 15-25 cm, preferably 20 cm. A rotary tiller with a harrow is then used to repeatedly break up and level the larger clods in the soil until most clods are less than 3-4 cm in diameter. 4) Use a roller to level the ground.

[0011] Furthermore, S3 specifically includes: 1) Select the sowing time: First, the sowing time can be divided into two time periods: early spring and early autumn. In early spring, the earliest sowing time is when the daily minimum temperature is ≥ 4℃, and the sowing can be stopped when the daily maximum temperature is ≥ 25℃; in early autumn, the sowing can be started when the daily maximum temperature is ≤ 30℃, and it can be stopped one month before frost (daily minimum temperature 10℃); secondly, the specific sowing date is preliminarily selected, and it is determined according to rainfall and irrigation conditions; if there are irrigation conditions, it can be carried out at any time during the suitable sowing period; if there are no irrigation conditions, early autumn sowing is preferred. Before sowing, you must always pay attention to the local weather forecast and keep abreast of the recent rainfall conditions, and then choose 1-2 days before the forecast of light to moderate rain as the preliminarily selected sowing date; finally, make sure that the soil is loose, dry and non-sticky before sowing; 2) Weighing of seeds and seed fertilizer: First, determine the sowing amount of grass seeds according to the germination rate. The sowing amount for germination rate above 80% is 1.5kg / mu, the sowing amount for germination rate 50%-80% is 1.5-2.5kg / mu, and the sowing amount for germination rate below 50% is 2.5-5.0kg / mu. The lower the germination rate, the greater the sowing amount. The sowing amount of diammonium phosphate seed fertilizer is 4kg / mu; the diammonium phosphate includes: N 18%, P2O5≥46%; 3) Mixing seeds and fertilizer: Mix the grass seeds and fertilizer evenly before sowing, and then sow them in the furrows at the same time; 4) Sowing: There are two types of sowing methods: manual and mechanical. Before sowing, determine the row spacing and direction: the row spacing for row sowing is 35-45cm, preferably 40cm, and the row direction is north-south. When sowing manually, manually apply pressure to the marking tool, marking and furrowing are done at the same time, with a furrow depth of 1-2cm. Then, the grass seeds are sown in the furrows, and lightly stepped on once after sowing. For mechanical sowing, choose a 2-4 row seeder, a no-till machine or a plow seeder, sow at a depth of 1-2cm, and use a roller to press once after sowing. 5) Irrigation: If there is no effective rainfall after sowing, sprinkler irrigation should be carried out in time, preferably medium and micro sprinkler irrigation, sprinkler irrigation after sowing, the sprinkler irrigation depth is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm, during the period, if the surface water is serious or the soil saturated water holding depth reaches more than 20cm, stop; Among them, irrigation volume (m 3) / times = irrigation area (m 2 )×irrigation depth (mm) / 1000.

[0012] Furthermore, S4 specifically includes: 1) Nitrogen application: 7-8 weeks before the freezing day (daily minimum temperature 0℃), apply nitrogen at 90kg N / hm 2 (Urea 13kg / mu); 2) Irrigation: The irrigation depth is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm. If the soil saturated water holding depth reaches more than 20cm, it can be stopped in advance; 3) Spraying: On the second day of sprinkler irrigation, spray 6-BA with a concentration of 40ppm around noon when the weather is clear, 55-65L / mu, preferably 60L / mu, for 2 consecutive times, once a week.

[0013] Furthermore, S5 specifically includes: 1) Fertilization: When the lowest temperature is less than 0℃ after winter, spread diammonium phosphate at 15-25 kg / mu, preferably 20 kg / mu; 2) Irrigation: The irrigation depth is 45-55mm, preferably 50mm, until water accumulates over a large area of ​​the ground.

[0014] Furthermore, S6 specifically includes: 1) Nitrogen application: In spring, when the lowest daily temperature is > 0°C after the plants turn green, apply 45 kg N / hm2 of nitrogen. 2 , i.e., urea (N ≥ 46%) 6.5 kg / mu; 2) Irrigation: The irrigation depth is 45-55mm, preferably 50mm, until water accumulates over a large area of ​​the ground.

[0015] Furthermore, S7 specifically includes: 1) Nitrogen application: At the end of the jointing period of overwintering plants, apply 90 kg N / hm 2 , i.e., urea (N ≥ 46%) 13 kg / mu; 2) Irrigation: The irrigation depth is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm, and it can be stopped when the soil saturated water holding depth reaches more than 20cm; 3) Spraying: When the weather is clear on the second day of sprinkler irrigation, spray 40ppm gibberellin around noon, 55-65L / mu, preferably 60L / mu, for 3 consecutive times, once a week.

[0016] Furthermore, S8 specifically includes: 1) Mowing: After harvesting the mature seed ears, use a scissor-type mower to mow the above-ground part, leaving a stubble of 6-10 cm, preferably 8 cm; 2) Nitrogen application: After cleaning the ground, apply nitrogen at 90kg N / hm 2 (Urea 13kg / mu); 3) Irrigation: The irrigation depth is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm, and it should be stopped when water accumulates over a large area on the ground.

[0017] Furthermore, the method of the present invention also includes the step of extension management: 1) Increased irrigation: When the depth of dry soil layer reaches more than 5cm, and 20%-30%, especially more than 30% of plant leaves wilt, it is necessary to temporarily increase single irrigation by 35-45mm, preferably 40mm / time; 2) Weed control: When weeds appear between rows, especially broad-leaved weeds, they should be manually removed in time when they are higher than 20 cm; 3) Lateral seepage and drainage: When there is sufficient rainfall in the summer and the ground is waterlogged for many days, it is necessary to dig seepage ditches around the fields and connect them to the main canal for lateral seepage and drainage. The depth of the ditch should be about 30 cm. If it is impossible to connect to the main canal, a pump should be used to pump out the seepage ditch.

[0018] Key explanation of technical difficulties and solutions in the present invention: Timothy is a perennial grass with vigorous vegetative growth under natural conditions, but relatively weak reproductive growth. Especially for wild native Timothy, the reproductive rate is low and the number of reproductive branches is insufficient, which is the main bottleneck of Timothy seed production. At the same time, the formation of reproductive branches is closely related to the early vegetative growth, and the improvement of reproductive conversion rate is also the result of the integration of multiple technologies. The precise control of key technologies in each link has a decisive impact on the effectiveness of the implementation of reproductive regulation technology, and none of them can be missing.

[0019] 1. Preferred planting sites Timothy grass is a neutral to moist grass species. It is cold-resistant and moisture-resistant but not drought-resistant or waterlogged. It is extremely sensitive to water and fertilizer during its growth and development period. The planting environment is the basis for the growth of Timothy grass and has an important influence on the reproductive transformation of the plant. Therefore, it is preferred to choose relatively low-lying land with good drainage, flat ground, not prone to drought and fertile soil for sowing, which can lay a solid foundation for the later growth and development of the plants and the improvement of technical effects.

[0020] 2. Accurately determine the critical period for technology implementation 1. Sowing implementation time: Sowing time is crucial to the germination and healthy growth of Timothy grass seeds. Timothy grass is resistant to moisture and low temperature, but not drought. Therefore, the present invention advances spring sowing to when the daily minimum temperature is >4°C, which not only avoids spring drought for late-sown seedlings, but also increases the growth time of the year, which is beneficial to the improvement of reproductive regulation effects in the later period. In addition, the autumn sowing date is determined to be when the maximum temperature is <30°C, and sowing is carried out as early as possible during the autumn sowing period, which is conducive to the healthy growth of seedlings and tillering density regulation in the later period. The present invention first divides the suitable sowing days throughout the year into spring and autumn time periods according to the daily maximum and minimum temperatures, and then accurately determines the sowing time to the "day" according to meteorological and soil conditions. The biological characteristics of Timothy grass are combined with meteorological information technology to achieve precise sowing and efficient resource utilization ( Figure 1a and Figure 1b ).

[0021] 2. Formula implementation time: During the growth and development of Timothy grass, the physiological processes in different growth stages are different, and the duration is short, the rhythm changes rapidly, and the treatment measures in the critical period are not timely. Not only the technical effect of this link cannot be achieved, but also the technical measures in the later links will have irreversible negative effects. The critical period for the implementation of all the formulas of the present invention is timely judged according to the key nodes of the physiological development of Timothy grass and the changes in actual environmental conditions, and it has strong timeliness and accuracy. Among them, the "seedling-promoting formula" is implemented on the day of sowing, and sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus supply can be obtained during the germination period of seeds, which is conducive to seed germination and seedling growth. The implementation time of the autumn "tillering formula" is 7-8 weeks before the winter freezing day (the lowest temperature is 0℃). The freezing day is verified according to the meteorological records of previous years. The implementation time of this formula is mainly based on the growth rate of autumn timothy seedlings and the new generation of seedlings. After the timothy seedlings are 4 leaves old, the seedlings are adult plants, and then about one new seedling is born every 7-10 days. If the formula is implemented 7-8 weeks before the freezing day, 3 seedlings / plant can be achieved before the plant stops growing. The overall tillering density before freezing will at least double, greatly improving the number and quality of basic seedlings over the winter. The "freezing formula" is implemented when the daily minimum temperature is 0℃. At this time, sprinkler irrigation can not only dissolve fertilizers and retain moisture, freeze in time, but also provide sufficient water and nutrients for the growth and development of green plants after the next year, thereby improving the survival rate. The implementation time of the "regreening formula" is when the daily minimum temperature is 0°C, mainly because Timothy grass is a shallow-rooted plant, and it will sprout and regreen after the daily minimum temperature is ≥ 0°C. At this time, the water in the shallow soil layer is lost quickly, and the soil is prone to drought, which is not conducive to the normal regreening of overwintering plants. At the same time, the results of the preliminary experimental studies of the present invention show that in the process of plant stem tip morphological differentiation, the 3-leaf age is the key period for the reproductive transformation of the plant. Before the 3-leaf age, the endogenous gibberellin content in the stem tip increases rapidly, and the stem tip begins to differentiate. After the 3-leaf age, the differentiation is completed to form reproductive branches. Therefore, whether the water and nutrient supply at the 1-2 leaf age is sufficient or not has a huge impact on the reproductive transformation of overwintering plants before the 3-leaf age. Timely watering and fertilization at the initial stage of regreening can increase the endogenous gibberellin content in the stem tip and promote the reproductive transformation rate of overwintering plants ( Figure 2aand Figure 2b ). The implementation time of the "spring tillering formula" is the end of the jointing stage of the overwintering plants, which is also the early stage of spring tillering formation. At this time, sufficient water and fertilizer supply can help accumulate key synthases before the reproductive transformation of the plants. However, due to the apical dominance of the overwintering plants, the active endogenous gibberellin content of the spring tillering shoot tips is relatively low during this period. Exogenous gibberellin spraying and nitrogen treatment must be combined to effectively increase the active gibberellin content of the shoot tips and the reproductive conversion rate of spring tillers. Finally, the implementation time of the "mowing formula" is immediately after all the above-ground plants are mowed. The reason is that on the one hand, the plants are damaged after mowing and need to be supplemented with nutrients in time. On the other hand, more importantly, a large amount of covering materials are removed after mowing, and the rapid germination of axillary buds at the base of the rhizome requires a lot of nutrition. At this time, sufficient water and nutrient supply is conducive to the formation and increase of the number of seedlings, so as to provide a sufficient number of basic seedlings for the next cycle of reproductive regulation.

[0022] (III) Selected operation methods 1. Land preparation method: Standardized land preparation before sowing is indispensable for later technical regulation. Before tilling the soil, plant residues should be cleaned, base fertilizer and pesticides should be spread, and then the tractor with a five-share plow should till the pesticide and base fertilizer at the same time to a depth of 20cm. Base fertilizer to strengthen seedlings, pest and disease control and soil loosening can be completed at one time, which can effectively improve work efficiency. In addition, pre-sowing suppression can lay the foundation for line sowing and neat emergence of seedlings.

[0023] 2. Sowing method: Timothy grass seeds are small and germinate quickly. The sowing depth and method have a significant impact on seed germination and emergence. Whether it is manual or mechanical sowing, the depth cannot be greater than 2 cm, otherwise the emergence rate will be severely reduced. In addition, there is no need to cover the soil after sowing, but it needs to be suppressed to prevent the seeds from floating around during sprinkler irrigation. In addition, Timothy grass is a sun-loving grass species, and the formation of reproductive branches has high requirements for light. Among them, row spacing and row direction are effective methods to regulate light. Years of practice have shown that the appropriate row spacing is 40 cm, and the north-south row direction is the optimal method to regulate the light area and reproductive density of Timothy grass plants.

[0024] 3. Sprinkler irrigation method: Due to the light weight of Timothy grass seeds, flood irrigation can easily cause the seeds to float and move randomly, seriously affecting the formation of reproductive branches in the later stage. Therefore, sprinkler irrigation must be selected for irrigation, preferably medium and micro spraying, and flood irrigation after sowing should be avoided.

[0025] 5. Mowing method: No mowing is required in the year of autumn sowing, but mowing is required for spring sowing and over-year plants. Each mowing should leave a stubble height of 8 cm, which can promote the formation of tillers in autumn without affecting the growth of the plants. In addition, since Timothy grass is a shallow-rooted plant, it is easy to be pulled out of the ground and die during mowing. Therefore, scissor-type mowers are preferred for mowing, and harvesting tools such as brush cutters and sickles should be avoided as much as possible to prevent damage to seedlings caused by root pulling due to poor cutting. And test results show that after one month of mowing with sickles and scissors, the survival rate of plants differs by 43% ( Figure 3a and Figure 3b ).

[0026] (IV) Description of formula elements In the present invention, water, fertilizer, growth regulator, pesticide and the like are all important components of each formula and have an important influence on each key period of growth and development of timothy grass.

[0027] 1. Irrigation amount: Timothy is a water- and fertilizer-sensitive plant. In particular, soil moisture has an extremely important influence on the normal growth and development and reproductive transformation of the plant. Among them, irrigation can regulate plant reproduction by adjusting soil moisture content. As for irrigation itself, different irrigation amounts have different reproductive regulation effects. The preliminary research results of the present invention show that among different irrigation treatments, 40mm irrigation amount has a better effect ( Figure 4 In addition, different formulas have different irrigation amounts. The starting point of the secondary sprinkler irrigation amount design in the present invention is 40-55mm (irrigation depth), but the actual sprinkler irrigation amount is between 20-50mm. This is mainly because in actual operation, when the soil moisture is good, the surface water accumulates, and the soil saturated water holding depth exceeds 20cm, the sprinkler irrigation amount can be appropriately adjusted in time to reduce the sprinkler irrigation amount, which can save water without affecting the irrigation effect.

[0028] 2. Fertilizer: The selection of appropriate fertilizer can achieve twice the result with half the effort in regulating the reproduction of Timothy grass. Among them, topdressing during the growing season is an important step in effectively promoting the reproductive transformation of plants. (1) Nitrogen fertilizer: Nitrogen is an important element that constitutes biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins in plants. Timothy grass is extremely sensitive to water and fertilizer. Adequate nitrogen supply in the early stage of reproductive transformation is crucial to maintaining the functions of organisms. When nitrogen supply is sufficient, it can promote auxin synthesis, upregulate the expression of IPT, a key gene for cytokinin synthesis, and GA3ox1, a key gene for gibberellin synthesis, and promote the synthesis of FT protein, the main component of florigen, which is helpful for the reproductive differentiation and organ development of plant stem tips. Nitrogen fertilizer is the preferred fertilizer in the reproductive regulation of Timothy grass. Generally, urea (N ≥ 46%) is mainly applied during the critical period of nutritional growth of Timothy grass. During the critical period of seedling and reproductive differentiation, the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and growth regulators is more effective. (2) Phosphorus fertilizer: Phosphorus is also an essential nutrient in the reproductive development process, especially for the differentiation of stem apex and the formation of floral organs. The amount required during the development process is relatively small compared to nitrogen. Only one application during the freezing period each year can meet the annual phosphorus demand. During the annual freezing water irrigation, the application of diammonium phosphate can provide sufficient phosphorus for the transformation of reproductive branches and the formation of floral organs of overwintering plants after they turn green. This fertilizer also contains a small amount of nitrogen, which can promote phosphorus absorption and enhance the ability of material synthesis and conversion.

[0029] 3. Growth regulators: Different endogenous hormones are highly involved in the key period of plant growth and development and reproductive transformation, especially the influence of endogenous cytokinins and gibberellins on plant nutritional growth and reproductive differentiation is crucial. Spraying growth regulators on the leaves significantly increases the content of active cytokinins 6-BA and gibberellins GA3 in the stem tip, especially the effect of nitrogen application and exogenous GA3 is more obvious. The growth regulators in the present invention mainly include cytokinins 6-BA and GA3, among which the main function of 6-BA is to break the apical dominance of the stem tip, promote cell division and lateral development, and spraying 6-BA on the leaves in autumn can significantly increase the concentration of endogenous cytokinins in the plant, promote axillary bud differentiation and germination growth, form tillers, and increase the number of basic seedlings before freezing. The main function of GA3 is to break the dormancy of the plant's stem apex, strengthen the synthesis of chemokines, and promote the reproductive transformation of the stem apex and the longitudinal growth of cells. Among them, the synthesis rate of active GA3 in the stem apex is fast and the conversion and transportation ability is strong. Foliar spraying of GA3 can significantly increase the content of endogenous hormone GA3 in the stem apex, induce FT gene expression, accelerate the degradation of DELLA protein, and promote plant flowering.

[0030] 4. Insecticides: Timothy grass has a soft texture and high protein content. Especially in early autumn, when the northern region is at the end of the rainy season, the temperature is high and the humidity is high, pests and diseases are frequent, and the seedlings are easily infected, resulting in sparse seedlings and lack of monopoly seedlings. Mixing an appropriate amount of pesticide when tilling the soil can effectively prevent the occurrence of grubs, woodlice, mole crickets, voles, mildew, brown spot disease and other pests and diseases. Among them, zinc sulfur phosphorus takes effect quickly and lasts for a relatively long time. It will decompose completely after wintering and will not cause pollution to the soil and plants in the next year. Mixing it into the soil during the sowing period and tilling it at the same time can cover the entire seedling growth season after sowing, ensuring the safe growth of seedlings from seed germination to before freezing.

[0031] (V) Formula Effect The present invention organically combines and proportions water, fertilizer, growth regulators, pesticides and other elements in a certain proportion to form a precise technical formula for application in various key periods of the reproductive development of Timothy grass. The scheme is specific and clear, and the operation is simple and easy, which can ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the technical implementation in the reproductive regulation process.

[0032] 1. Land preparation formula: base fertilizer potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (40kg / mu) + 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus insecticide (5kg / mu). Since the autumn sowing of timothy grass coincides with the high incidence of pests and diseases at the end of the rainy season in the north, the seedlings are easily infected, resulting in serious seedling shortages. Therefore, spreading pesticides before plowing can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases and pests in the seedling stage. The present invention uses 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus insecticide at a rate of 5kg / mu. The dosage must be moderate. Excessive application will cause serious pollution to the soil and seedlings, and insufficient dosage will make it difficult to achieve the ideal prevention and control effect. At the same time, using potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (N=15%, P2O5=15%, K2O=15%, sulfur ≥11%) as base fertilizer and mixing with 40kg / mu can not only protect and strengthen the seedlings and improve the survival rate over the years, but also provide sufficient phosphorus and sulfur elements to promote the reproductive transformation and flowering and fruiting of the plants in the later period ( Figure 5a and Figure 5b ).

[0033] 2. Seedling promotion formula: sowing amount (1.5-5.0kg / mu) + seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate 4kg / mu + sprinkler irrigation amount (40mm). The germination rate of native grass seeds is generally low. The actual sowing amount needs to be quantified in sections according to the grass seed germination rate. This can not only save the amount of grass seeds, but also improve the efficiency of sowing and germination. At the same time, Timothy grass seeds are small and light. The appropriate amount of seed fertilizer mixed with sowing can effectively improve the seed germination rate and seedling survival rate, but excessive seed fertilizer will be counterproductive, causing severe seedling burn and reducing the survival rate. The appropriate amount of application in the present invention is 4kg / mu. In addition, sufficient soil moisture during the sowing period is beneficial to the growth of seedlings in the later stage. The present invention takes 40mm irrigation as the benchmark, and timely adjusts the irrigation amount according to whether there is water on the surface. It is more accurate and efficient than a fixed irrigation amount ( Figure 6a and Figure 6b ).

[0034] 3. Tillering formula: Nitrogen fertilizer (90kg N / hm 2 ) + irrigation (40mm) + cytokinin spray 60L / mu (40ppm concentration 6-BA). Nitrogen fertilizer promotes the synthesis of key enzymes and substrates in the physiological synthesis of plants and tillers. 90kg N / hm 2 The application rate can provide sufficient nitrogen for the growth of plants and their tillers before freezing. At the same time, foliar spraying of cytokinin 6-BA can enhance the efficiency of nitrogen absorption and assimilation at the stem tip, promote nitrogen transformation and transverse cell division, and significantly increase the number of axillary buds and tillers. Under an irrigation rate of 40 mm, only 45 kg N / hm2 of nitrogen was applied. 2 The tillering density of the treatments did not change significantly, and the nitrogen application rate was 90 kg N / hm 2 The density increased significantly by 24.7%, but the nitrogen application rate was 90 kg N / hm 2 After spraying 40ppm of cytokinin 6-BA, the tillering density increased by 56.4% compared with the plants without tillering promotion formula, and the regulation effect was very obvious ( Figure 7a , Figure 7b and Figure 7c ).

[0035] 4. Freezing formula: diammonium phosphate (20kg / mu) + irrigation (50mm). Adequate phosphorus supply is beneficial to plant reproductive transformation and heading and flowering. It can also increase cell sap concentration and osmotic pressure, improve cell water retention and wintering ability. Diammonium phosphate can increase the supply of two macroelements, nitrogen and phosphorus, and freeze in time after sufficient irrigation of 50-55mm. It can effectively maintain soil nutrients and inhibit water evaporation in winter, which helps the first batch of green plants in early spring to get sufficient nutrients and water supply, improve the greening effect and promote the occurrence of axillary buds in spring ( Figure 8a and Figure 8b ).

[0036] 5. Greening formula: nitrogen fertilizer (45kg N / hm 2 ) + irrigation amount (50mm). After the soil melts in spring, the soil is loose and has low water content. A large amount of irrigation is needed to increase the bottom moisture. The irrigation amount needs to reach 50mm. In addition, since the tillering formula and frost-proofing formula have been applied before wintering, only a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer is needed during the greening period to meet the synthesis of substances before the stem tip differentiation. If excessive nitrogen is applied at this time, it is easy to cause the plant to fall over during the mature period, resulting in reduced seed yield. The test results show that the nitrogen application rate during the greening period is greater than 45kg N / hm 2 After that, the lodging rate increased significantly, and nitrogen application was 90kg N / hm 2 The lodging rate reached 38.3% ( Figure 9a , Figure 9b , Fig.9c , Figure 9d ).

[0037] 6. Spring tillering formula: nitrogen fertilizer (90kg N / hm 2 ) + irrigation amount (40mm) + gibberellin 60L / mu (40ppm concentration GA3). The end of jointing of overwintering plants is also the early stage of spring tillering reproductive transformation, and the cumulative effect of plant nitrogen and endogenous hormones is obvious. At the end of jointing of overwintering plants, 3 consecutive sprayings can cover all the growth periods before 3 leaves of spring tillers, and maximize the promotion of spring tillering reproductive transformation. Spraying of exogenous auxin can significantly increase the endogenous hormone content of spring tillers and promote reproductive differentiation of shoot tips. The combination of nitrogen fertilizer, gibberellin and cytokinin can increase the endogenous hormone GA / CTK of the shoot tip from 0.488 to 0.645. In addition, the precise combination of growth regulators with different concentrations of nitrogen fertilizer is the key to regulating spring tillering reproduction. Nitrogen application is 90-180 kg N / hm 2 The tillering reproductive conversion rate of the treatment treated with 20-40ppm gibberellin was the highest, reaching 3.05-3.42 times that of the control. 2 After that, a large number of plants fell over. In production practice, it is appropriate to apply nitrogen at 90 kg N / hm2 Compared with spraying 40ppm gibberellin formula treatment ( Fig.10a and Fig.10b ).

[0038] 7. Mowing formula: nitrogen fertilizer (90kg N / hm2) + irrigation (40mm). Every summer after the seeds are harvested, the above-ground part needs to be mowed in time, and the mowing formula should be implemented after the ground is cleaned. The main reason is that the stubble plants will quickly resume growth in a short period of time after mowing, and a large amount of nitrogen is needed to synthesize the key proteases required for growth. 90kg N / hm 2 Second, the soil is usually dry during the harvest period of timothy grass. After a large number of plants are removed, the ground sunlight is enhanced and the soil evaporates strongly. At this time, insufficient water and fertilizer supply seriously affects the germination of axillary buds and plant regeneration, which can easily lead to insufficient basic seedlings in the later period, seriously affecting the reproductive regulation effect of the next cycle ( Fig.11a and Fig.11b ).

[0039] 8. Comprehensive control effect: The present invention summarizes the data and results of a number of field trials of timothy grass since 2014, and combines years of production practice experience to condense the technical scheme for coordinated regulation of timothy grass reproduction. In addition, the domestic new variety of similar approved timothy grass in western Sichuan and the imported variety of timothy grass from abroad (Canada) Junma were selected for further test verification. The results showed that the reproductive conversion rates of the three varieties of Minshan, western Sichuan and Junma were 72.7%-75.4%, and the differences among the three varieties were not significant. It can be concluded that the technical scheme of the present invention has the same technical effect and feasibility for similar timothy grass grown in China ( Fig.12a , Figure 12b and Fig.12c ).

[0040] (VI) External management 1. Weed removal: In seed production, the spacing between plants is large, and weeds are prone to appear during the growing season. Especially when the plants are short and have not formed a closed ridge, there are many weeds between the rows, which will seriously affect the growth and development of timothy seedlings. Among them, broad-leaved weeds higher than 20 cm are obviously harmful and need to be removed in time.

[0041] 2. Increase irrigation frequency: Timothy grass likes moisture but cannot tolerate drought. In late spring, early summer and late autumn, the weather in the north is dry. Long-term water shortage can easily lead to poor plant development and seriously affect the formation of reproductive branches. Therefore, timely and accurate irrigation can save water and ensure the normal physiological development of the plant. Therefore, accurate control of irrigation volume in each link is particularly important.

[0042] 3. Lateral infiltration and drainage: Timothy grass is resistant to moisture but not to waterlogging. Continuous surface waterlogging for more than 2 weeks can easily cause root rot and large-scale plant death. Digging lateral infiltration ditches around the planting plots is simple and easy, with high efficiency, and can quickly solve the waterlogging problem in a short time. Timothy grass is a shallow-rooted plant, so the ditch depth of only 30 cm is sufficient. It is simple and easy to operate, with low cost, quick results and good practicality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1a This is the effect of sowing timothy grass in spring in April and November in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 1b This is the effect of sowing timothy grass in November in the preferred embodiment of the present invention in autumn August.

[0045] Figure 2a This is the morphological differentiation of the stem tips of Timothy grass plants with 1-5 leaf ages in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 2b The figure shows the changes in endogenous gibberellin content in the stem tips of 1-4 leaf age Timothy grass plants in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 3a This is the effect after 3 weeks of sickle mowing in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 3b This is the effect after 3 weeks of mowing with scissors in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 4 The figure shows the influence of different irrigation amounts on the reproductive conversion rate of Timothy grass in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 5a This is the growth of seedlings without soil preparation formula in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5b The growth of seedlings after the land preparation formula in the preferred embodiment of the present invention is implemented.

[0052] Figure 6a This is the growth trend of the seedlings without the seedling accelerating formula 2 weeks after sowing in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 6b This is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which the seedling accelerating formula is used to regulate the growth 2 weeks after mid-autumn sowing.

[0054] Figure 7a In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is no tillering-promoting formula to regulate the growth.

[0055] Figure 7b The growth momentum after one month of regulation by the tillering promoting formula in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 7cThe tillering density of different nitrogen application and cytokinin treatments before freezing in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 8a This is the greening effect without freezing formula regulation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 8b This is the greening effect after adjusting the freezing formula in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 9a It is the reproductive effect of the non-returning green formula in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 9b It is the reproductive effect regulated by the greening formula in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Fig.9c It is the reproductive conversion rate of plants treated with different nitrogen application rates during the greening period in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 9d The lodging rate of plants treated with different nitrogen application rates during the greening period in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Fig.10a It is the endogenous hormone ratio of spring tiller stem tips with different treatments in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Fig.10b It is the reproductive conversion rate of spring tiller with different treatments in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] Fig.11a In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is no formula effect after mowing for 2 months.

[0066] Fig.11b The figure is the effect after 2 months of implementation of the mowing formula in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Fig.12a It is a reproductive branch without formula regulation in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 12b It is the reproductive branch regulated by the comprehensive formula in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Fig.12c It is the reproductive conversion rate of different varieties of timothy grass after technical overall regulation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] Example 1 Comparative study on the effects of coordinated regulation technology for reproductive transformation of different varieties of timothy grass 1. Technical solution objectives Three varieties of timothy grass produced at home and abroad were selected for the experiment, namely: Junma timothy grass produced in Canada, western Sichuan timothy grass produced locally in Sichuan, and Minshan timothy grass produced in Min County, Gansu. They were sown in different test plots of the same plot during the same period according to the experimental design, and then the technical scheme of the present invention was uniformly implemented. The reproductive conversion rates of different varieties of timothy grass were counted at maturity in the second year, and the regulatory effects of the present invention on the reproductive conversion of different varieties of timothy grass were compared and tested.

[0071] 2. Technical solution design In early September 2023, the experiment used Minshan timothy as the control (CK), and only took the same regulatory measures as the treatment varieties in the year of sowing, and grew naturally without reproductive regulatory measures the following year. At the same time, the three treatment varieties were sown in the test area at the same time as the control, and statistical analysis was performed at the early stage of maturity, 1 control, 3 treatments, 3 repetitions, a total of 12 plots. During this period, the different varieties of timothy were tested and treated, from site selection and land preparation to sampling and analysis at maturity in the second year, and the coordinated regulation technology scheme proposed in the present invention was implemented simultaneously. For specific measures and processes, please refer to the following "Technical Implementation Process".

[0072] 3. Technical Implementation Process Timothy grass is a perennial grass. The present invention takes autumn sowing to seed maturity in the following year as a reproductive cycle, constructs a complete technical system, and can repeatedly improve the reproductive conversion efficiency for many years. The specific technical process is as follows: 1. Site selection: Choose a low-lying, well-drained, flat area with neutral to sticky soil for sowing.

[0073] 2. Land preparation: Land preparation formula: base fertilizer potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (40kg / mu) + 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus insecticide (5kg / mu). Operation sequence: After cleaning the ground, spread the base fertilizer and insecticide first, then plow the soil, and finally press it down. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Land cleaning: Before sowing, first clean up the remaining plants, large rocks and waste from the previous crop.

[0074] 2) Base fertilizer and pesticides: Spread base fertilizer: 40kg / mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer produced by Wuxi Poly Fertilizer Company (N=15%, P2O5=15%, K2O=15%, sulfur ≥11%) and 5kg / mu of 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus insecticide.

[0075] 3) Tillage: The tractor is equipped with a five-share plow, together with pesticides and base fertilizer, to deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20 cm. The rotary tiller with a harrow is then used to repeatedly break up and level the larger clods of soil until most clods are less than 3-4 cm in diameter.

[0076] 4) Use a roller to level the ground.

[0077] 3. Sowing: Seedling-promoting formula: Seeding amount (2.0kg / mu) + seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate 4kg / mu. Operation sequence: weigh the grass seeds and seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate, mix them evenly, and sow them in the furrows at the same time. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Sowing time: in early September, when the maximum daily temperature is less than 30℃, it is judged that there will be moderate to heavy rain in the next 3 days according to the rainfall and irrigation conditions at that time. After land preparation before sowing, sow in time when the surface soil is loose, dry and not sticky.

[0078] 2) Seed fertilizer weighing: Since the germination rate of the test material is 63%, the sowing rate is determined to be 2.5kg / mu. Seed fertilizer: Diammonium phosphate (N=18%, P2O5≥46%) produced by Shandong Zhongwo International Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with a sowing rate of 4kg / mu.

[0079] 3) Seed and fertilizer mixing: Before sowing, mix the grass seeds and seed fertilizer evenly, and then sow them in the ridges at the same time.

[0080] 4) Sowing: Sowing is done by manual marking, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a north-south direction. When sowing manually, the marking tool is manually pressed, and marking and furrowing are done at the same time. The furrow depth is 1-2 cm, and then row sowing is done in the furrow. After sowing, lightly step on it once to complete.

[0081] 5) Irrigation: If the rainfall during sowing is about 30 mm, no irrigation is required.

[0082] 4. Autumn tillering promotion: "Tillering formula": nitrogen fertilizer (90kg N / hm 2 ) + irrigation volume (40mm) + cytokinin spray solution 60L / mu (40ppm concentration 6-BA). Operation sequence: first apply urea (N≥46%) on the surface, then sprinkler irrigation, and spray cytokinin at noon on the second day. The specific operation is as follows: 1) Nitrogen application: Apply urea 13kg / mu (equivalent to 90kg N / hm2) at the end of September 2 ).

[0083] 2) Sprinkler irrigation: irrigation depth 40mm.

[0084] 3) Spraying: Spray 40ppm 6-BA at 60L / mu at noon on the second day of sprinkler irrigation. Spray twice in a row, once a week.

[0085] 5. Freezing management: Freezing formula: diammonium phosphate (20kg / mu) + irrigation amount (50mm). Operation sequence: first spread diammonium phosphate on the surface, then sprinkle irrigation. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Fertilization: When the minimum temperature is less than 0℃ on November 15, spread diammonium phosphate (20kg / mu).

[0086] 2) Sprinkler irrigation: irrigate about 50 mm until water accumulates over a large area of ​​the ground.

[0087] 6. Regulation of reproduction during re-greening: Greening formula: nitrogen fertilizer (45kg N / hm2) + irrigation (50mm). Operation sequence: first apply nitrogen on the surface, then sprinkler irrigation. Specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Nitrogen application: In the second year, when the lowest temperature in spring is greater than 0℃, apply urea at 6.5kg / mu (45kg N / hm2). 2 ).

[0088] 2) Sprinkler irrigation: 50mm.

[0089] 7. Spring tiller reproduction regulation: Spring tillering formula: nitrogen fertilizer (90kg N / hm 2 ) + irrigation amount (40mm) + gibberellin 60L / mu (40ppm concentration GA3). Operation sequence: first apply nitrogen on the surface, then sprinkler irrigation, and spray gibberellin at noon on the second day. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Nitrogen application: Apply urea 13kg / mu (equivalent to 90kg N / hm2) at the end of jointing of overwintering plants in May 2 ).

[0090] 2) Sprinkler irrigation: 40mm.

[0091] 3) Spraying: Spray GA3 with a concentration of 40ppm at noon on the second day of sprinkler irrigation, 60L / mu, and spray continuously for 3 times, once a week.

[0092] 8. Management during the maturity period: Mowing formula: Nitrogen fertilizer (90kg N / hm 2 ) + irrigation amount (40mm). Operation sequence: After mowing the plants, apply urea 13kg / mu on the surface, and then sprinkler irrigation. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Sampling statistics: Measure the number of reproductive branches and tillers at the beginning of maturity in July and calculate the reproductive conversion rate.

[0093] 2) Mowing: After the test, use a scissor-type mower to mow the above-ground part, leaving 8 cm of stubble.

[0094] 3) Nitrogen application: After cleaning the ground, apply urea 13kg / mu (equivalent to 90kg N / hm 2 ).

[0095] 4) Sprinkler irrigation: 40mm.

[0096] 4. Technical Implementation Effect In the early maturity period of July 2024, the reproductive conversion efficiency of the statistical control and different treatment varieties of timothy grass was measured. The results showed that after the three varieties of timothy grass were coordinated and regulated at the same time, the reproductive conversion rates reached 75.4% in Minshan, 70.7% in western Sichuan and 72.0% in Junma, which were significantly higher than the control of 47.5%, and there was no significant difference in the reproductive conversion rate among the three varieties. It can be seen that the technical solution of the present invention has the same technical regulation effect on other timothy grasses planted in China, and the technical implementation effect and stability are good ( Fig.12c ).

[0097] Example 2 Effects of exogenous hormones and nitrogen on reproductive transformation of native timothy grass 1. Technical solution objectives The experiment used the domestic native variety Minshan timothy as the experimental material. Through unified management during the nutritional growth period in the year of sowing and different nitrogen and exogenous hormone treatments after the year, the reproductive transformation of timothy in spring was regulated. The endogenous hormone content of the stem tip was sampled and analyzed during the critical period of reproductive differentiation. The reproductive conversion rate of different varieties of timothy was statistically analyzed during the maturity period. The effect of different treatments on the reproductive conversion rate of native timothy was studied, and the influence of coordinated regulation of nitrogen and exogenous hormones on the reproductive transformation of spring timothy was clarified.

[0098] 2. Technical solution design The 2023 experiment is based on the previous 3-factor 3-level orthogonal experiment, in which the 3 factors are nitrogen (N), cytokinin (CTK), and gibberellin (GA). The 4 experimental treatments with relatively good nutrient tillering regulation effects are selected. After all the overwintering plants are mowed at the end of jointing in May of the second year, the new tillers in spring are treated. The stem tips of different treatments of Timothy grass are sampled at the 3-leaf age to determine the content of endogenous hormones gibberellin and cytokinin, 3 replicates / treatment, and the endogenous hormone ratio (GA / CTK) is calculated to analyze the effect of key endogenous hormone ratios on reproductive transformation. In addition, 1m×1m plots are randomly arranged at maturity, and the total number of tillers and reproductive branches in the plots are determined, 3 replicates / treatment, and the tillering reproductive conversion rate of different treatments is calculated, that is, reproductive conversion rate = number of reproductive branches / total number of tillers, and then compared with the control (CK), the regulatory effect of the regulation technology on the tillering reproductive conversion rate is analyzed. The specific experimental design is as follows (Table 1): Table 1 Experimental treatments with different doses of nitrogen fertilizer and growth regulators

[0099] 3. Technical Implementation Process 1. Site selection: Choose a low-lying, well-drained, flat area with neutral to sticky soil for sowing.

[0100] 2. Land preparation: Land preparation formula: base fertilizer potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (40kg / mu) + 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus insecticide (5kg / mu). Operation sequence: After cleaning the ground, spread the base fertilizer and insecticide, then plow the soil and press it down. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Land cleaning: Before sowing, first clean up the remaining plants, large rocks and waste from the previous crop.

[0101] 2) Base fertilizer and pesticides: Spread base fertilizer: 40kg / mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer produced by Wuxi Poly Fertilizer Company (N=15%, P2O5=15%, K2O=15%, sulfur ≥11%) and 5kg / mu of 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus insecticide.

[0102] 3) Tillage: The tractor is equipped with a five-share plow, together with pesticides and base fertilizer, to deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20 cm. The rotary tiller with a harrow is then used to repeatedly break up and level the larger clods of soil until most clods are less than 3-4 cm in diameter.

[0103] 4) Use a roller to level the ground.

[0104] 3. Sowing: Seedling-promoting formula: sowing amount (2.0kg / mu) + seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate 4kg / mu + sprinkler irrigation amount (40mm). Operation sequence: weigh grass seeds and seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate, mix them evenly, and sow them in the furrows at the same time, and finally sprinkler irrigation. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Sowing time: Sow in early September when the surface soil is loose, dry and non-sticky after land preparation.

[0105] 2) Seed fertilizer weighing: sowing rate 2.5kg / mu. Seed fertilizer: Diammonium phosphate (N=18%, P2O5≥46%) produced by Shandong Zhongwo International Fertilizer Co., Ltd., sowing rate 4kg / mu.

[0106] 3) Seed and fertilizer mixing: Mix grass seeds and seed fertilizer evenly and sow them in the ridges at the same time.

[0107] 4) Sowing: Sowing is done by manual marking, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a north-south direction. When sowing manually, the marking tool is manually pressed to open furrows and sow at the same time, with a furrow depth of 1-2 cm, and lightly stepped on once after sowing.

[0108] 5) Sprinkler irrigation: sprinkler irrigation 40mm after sowing.

[0109] 4. Autumn tillering promotion: "Tillering formula": nitrogen fertilizer (90kg N / hm 2 ) + irrigation volume (40mm) + cytokinin spray solution 60L / mu (40ppm concentration 6-BA). Operation sequence: first apply urea (N≥46%) on the surface, then sprinkler irrigation, and spray cytokinin at noon on the second day. The specific operation is as follows: 1) Nitrogen application: Apply urea 13kg / mu (equivalent to 90kg N / hm2) at the end of September 2 ).

[0110] 2) Sprinkler irrigation: irrigation depth 40mm.

[0111] 3) Spraying: Spray 40ppm 6-BA at 60L / mu at noon on the second day of sprinkler irrigation. Spray twice in a row, once a week.

[0112] 5. Freezing management: Freezing formula: diammonium phosphate (20kg / mu) + irrigation amount (50mm). Operation sequence: first spread diammonium phosphate on the surface, then sprinkle irrigation. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Fertilization: When the minimum temperature is less than 0℃ on November 15, spread diammonium phosphate (20kg / mu).

[0113] 2) Sprinkler irrigation: irrigate about 50 mm until water accumulates over a large area of ​​the ground.

[0114] 6. Regulation of reproduction during re-greening: Greening formula: nitrogen fertilizer (45kg N / hm2) + irrigation (50mm). Operation sequence: first apply nitrogen on the surface, then sprinkler irrigation. Specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Nitrogen application: In the second year, when the lowest temperature in spring is greater than 0℃, apply urea at 6.5kg / mu (45kg N / hm2). 2 ).

[0115] 2) Sprinkler irrigation: 50mm.

[0116] 7. Spring tiller reproduction regulation: Spring tillering formula: nitrogen fertilizer (90kg N / hm 2 ) + irrigation amount (40mm) + gibberellin 60L / mu (40ppm concentration GA3). Operation sequence: First, apply nitrogen on the surface, then sprinkler irrigation. When the weather is clear on the second day, spray gibberellin around noon. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Nitrogen application: After cutting the overwintering plants at the end of jointing, apply urea at 13kg / mu (equivalent to 90kg N / hm 2 ).

[0117] 2) Sprinkler irrigation: 40mm.

[0118] 3) Spraying: Spray GA3 with a concentration of 40ppm at noon on the second day of sprinkler irrigation, 60L / mu, and spray 3 times in a row, once a week.

[0119] 8. Management during the maturity period: Mowing formula: Nitrogen fertilizer (90kg N / hm 2) + irrigation amount (40mm). Operation sequence: After mowing the plants, apply urea 13kg / mu on the surface, and then sprinkler irrigation. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Sampling statistics: At the early stage of maturity, the number of reproductive branches and tillers of each treatment was measured, and the reproductive conversion rate was calculated.

[0120] 2) Mowing: After the test, use a scissor-type mower to mow the above-ground part, leaving 8 cm of stubble.

[0121] 3) Nitrogen application: After cleaning the ground, apply urea 13kg / mu (equivalent to 90kg N / hm 2 ).

[0122] 4) Sprinkler irrigation: 40mm.

[0123] 4. Technical Implementation Effect The results of the analysis of reproductive conversion efficiency of different treatments of timothy grass at the early stage of maturity showed that the end of jointing of overwintering plants in the second year after sowing is also the early stage of reproductive conversion of spring tillers. During this period, spring tillers grow fast and are sensitive to nitrogen and exogenous hormones. The effect of experimental treatment at this time is more obvious. After the overwintering plants are mowed, exogenous hormones are sprayed on the new spring tillers for 3 consecutive times, once a week, covering the growth period of all spring tillers before the age of 3 leaves, to maximize the promotion of reproductive conversion of spring tillers.

[0124] Endogenous gibberellins (GA) have a crucial effect on reproductive transformation, and work together with endogenous cytokinins (CTK) to promote stem tip differentiation. The GA / CTK ratio has a good indicator effect. Spraying exogenous auxins can significantly increase the endogenous hormone content of spring tillers and promote stem tip reproductive differentiation. The test results show that the combination of nitrogen fertilizer, gibberellins and cytokinins can increase the endogenous hormone GA / CTK of the stem tip from 0.488 to 0.645. Among them, the nitrogen application of 90kg N / hm 2 The GA / CTK ratio of spraying 40 ppm gibberellin is higher than that of nitrogen application of 90 kg N / hm 2 Compared with the treatment of spraying 20ppm gibberellin and 80ppm cytokinin, it is mainly because sufficient nitrogen and exogenous gibberellin also promote the synthesis of endogenous cytokinin. Spraying exogenous cytokinin causes excessive endogenous cytokinin and inhibits shoot apex differentiation. It can be seen that different types of growth regulators have a certain effect on the reproductive transformation of Timothy grass, but the application of gibberellin is the key to the success of reproductive regulation. Therefore, in production practice, spraying gibberellin growth regulators in appropriate amounts before the critical period of reproductive transformation can significantly improve the reproductive conversion rate of Timothy grass.

[0125] At the same time, the test results show that nitrogen application of 90-180 kg N / hm 2The tillering reproductive conversion rate of the treatment treated with 20-40ppm gibberellin was the highest, reaching 3.05-3.42 times that of the control. 2 After that, a large number of plants fell over. Therefore, in production practice, it is advisable to apply nitrogen at 90 kg N / hm 2 The production effect is better when spraying 40ppm gibberellin formula and 60L / mu for 3 consecutive times, once a week ( Fig.10a and Fig.10b ).

[0126] Example 3 Effect of irrigation on reproductive transformation of native timothy grass 1. Technical solution objectives Under natural precipitation conditions, the experiment used artificial water replenishment and sprinkler irrigation during the critical period to analyze the reproductive conversion rate of timothy grass with different irrigation amounts and to study the regulatory effect of artificial irrigation on the reproductive conversion of native timothy grass.

[0127] 2. Technical solution design The experimental design is single factor, 3 levels, 3 repetitions / treatment, and a total of 9 experimental plots. The experimental material is Minshan timothy grass, which was sown in late August 2023 and then took the same management measures. After the plant turned green the next year, under natural growth conditions, when the plant showed drought, timely water replenishment irrigation was adopted during the dry season. Artificial irrigation, the 3-level sprinkler irrigation volume each time was: 10mm, 20mm, 40mm, among which the irrigation volume each time was converted by the formula, and the irrigation volume (m 3 ) / times = irrigation area (m 2 ) × irrigation depth (mm) / 1000. Statistical analysis at the early stage of maturity. For specific measures and processes, see the "Technical Implementation Process" below.

[0128] 3. Technical Implementation Process 1. Site selection: Choose a low-lying, well-drained, flat area with neutral to sticky soil for sowing.

[0129] 2. Land preparation: Land preparation formula: base fertilizer potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (40kg / mu) + 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus insecticide (5kg / mu). Operation sequence: After cleaning the ground, spread the base fertilizer and insecticide first, then plow the soil, and finally press it down. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Land cleaning: Before sowing, first clean up the remaining plants, large rocks and waste from the previous crop.

[0130] 2) Base fertilizer and pesticides: Spread base fertilizer: 40kg / mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer produced by Wuxi Poly Fertilizer Company (N=15%, P2O5=15%, K2O=15%, sulfur ≥11%) and 5kg / mu of 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus insecticide.

[0131] 3) Tillage: The tractor is equipped with a five-share plow, together with pesticides and base fertilizer, to deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20 cm. The rotary tiller with a harrow is then used to repeatedly break up and level the larger clods of soil until most clods are less than 3-4 cm in diameter.

[0132] 4) Use a roller to level the ground.

[0133] 3. Sowing: Seedling-promoting formula: Seeding amount (2.0kg / mu) + seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate 4kg / mu. Operation sequence: Weigh the grass seeds and seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate and mix them evenly, then sow them in the furrows at the same time. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Sowing time: After land preparation in late August, sow when the surface soil is loose, dry and not sticky.

[0134] 2) Seed fertilizer weighing: sowing rate 2.5kg / mu. Seed fertilizer: Diammonium phosphate (N=18%, P2O5≥46%) produced by Shandong Zhongwo International Fertilizer Co., Ltd., sowing rate 4kg / mu.

[0135] 3) Seed and fertilizer mixing: Evenly mix grass seeds and seed fertilizer and spread them in the ridges at the same time.

[0136] 4) Sowing: Sowing is done by manual marking, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a north-south direction. When sowing manually, the sowing and furrowing are done by manually applying pressure to the marking tool, with a furrow depth of 1-2 cm. After sowing, lightly step on it once to complete.

[0137] 5) Irrigation: Manual irrigation of 40 mm after sowing.

[0138] 4. Autumn tillering promotion: "Tillering formula": nitrogen fertilizer (90kg N / hm 2 ) + irrigation volume (40mm) + cytokinin spray solution 60L / mu (40ppm concentration 6-BA). Operation sequence: first apply urea (N≥46%) on the surface, then sprinkler irrigation, and spray cytokinin at noon on the second day. The specific operation is as follows: 1) Nitrogen application: Apply urea 13kg / mu (equivalent to 90kg N / hm2) at the end of September 2 ).

[0139] 2) Sprinkler irrigation: irrigation depth 40mm.

[0140] 3) Spraying: Spray 40ppm 6-BA at 60L / mu at noon on the second day of sprinkler irrigation. Spray twice in a row, once a week.

[0141] 5. Freezing management: Freezing formula: diammonium phosphate (20kg / mu) + irrigation amount (50mm). Operation sequence: first spread diammonium phosphate on the surface, then sprinkle irrigation. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Fertilization: When the minimum temperature is less than 0℃ on November 15, spread diammonium phosphate (20kg / mu).

[0142] 2) Sprinkler irrigation: irrigate about 50 mm until water accumulates over a large area of ​​the ground.

[0143] 6. Regulation of reproduction during re-greening: After the timothy grass was sown and turned green the following year, all test plots were irrigated simultaneously according to a three-level design, with the three levels being 10 mm, 20 mm, and 40 mm respectively.

[0144] 7. Supplementary irrigation: In case of drought, timely supplementary irrigation was carried out 4 times during the tillering stage, jointing stage and heading stage, and each irrigation was repeated at 3 levels in the in-situ plot according to the experimental design.

[0145] 8. Statistics of early maturity tests: At the early stage of maturity, the number of reproductive branches and total tillers in each treatment test plot was measured, and the reproductive conversion rate of different treatments was calculated.

[0146] 4. Technical Implementation Effect At the early stage of maturity, the number of reproductive branches and total tillers of Timothy grass in different irrigation levels were measured, and the reproductive conversion rate was calculated. The results showed that irrigation had a significant effect on the reproductive conversion rate of Timothy grass, and the reproductive conversion rate increased significantly with the increase of irrigation volume. Among them, the reproductive conversion rate of Timothy grass treated with 40 mm irrigation volume was the highest, which was 3.8 times that of the Timothy grass treated with 10 mm irrigation volume. This shows that timely irrigation during the dry period after the year of Timothy grass can have a good regulatory effect on reproductive conversion, and the effect of 40 mm irrigation volume is the best ( Figure 4 ).

[0147] Example 4 Effect of nitrogen fertilization on reproductive transformation of native timothy grass 1. Technical solution objectives The experiment selected the native grass species Minshan timothy grass, treated it with different levels of nitrogen, and counted the reproductive conversion rate of timothy grass in the early stage of maturity. The effect of nitrogen application on the reproductive conversion rate of timothy grass was analyzed to clarify the regulatory effect of nitrogen on the reproductive conversion of timothy grass.

[0148] 2. Technical solution design In April 2014, the experiment used no nitrogen application as the control and designed a single factor with three levels. The nitrogen application rates at the three levels were 45, 90, and 180 kg N / hm 2 , 3 replicates / treatment, a total of 12 plots. The same management measures were taken in the year of sowing, nitrogen was applied during the greening period of the next year, and then the same amount of sprinkler irrigation was carried out. The number of reproductive branches and total tillers was measured at maturity to study the reproductive regulation effect under different nitrogen application rates. The specific measures and processes are as follows: 3. Technical Implementation Process 1. Site selection: Choose a low-lying, well-drained, flat area with neutral to sticky soil for sowing.

[0149] 2. Land preparation: Land preparation formula: base fertilizer potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (40kg / mu) + 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus insecticide (5kg / mu). Operation sequence: After cleaning the ground, spread the base fertilizer and insecticide first, then plow the soil, and finally press it down. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Land cleaning: Before sowing, first clean up the remaining plants, large rocks and waste from the previous crop.

[0150] 2) Base fertilizer and pesticides: Spread base fertilizer potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 40kg / mu (N=15%, P2O5=15%, K2O=15%, sulfur ≥11%) and 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus insecticide 5kg / mu.

[0151] 3) Tillage: The tractor is equipped with a five-share plow, together with pesticides and base fertilizer, to deeply plow the soil to a depth of 20 cm. The rotary tiller with a harrow is then used to repeatedly break up and level the larger clods of soil until most clods are less than 3-4 cm in diameter.

[0152] 4) Use a roller to level the ground.

[0153] 3. Sowing: Seedling acceleration formula: Due to the low germination rate of only 45.3%, increase the sowing amount to 3.0kg / mu + 4kg / mu of diammonium phosphate fertilizer. Operation sequence: weigh the grass seeds and diammonium phosphate fertilizer, mix them evenly, and then sow them in the furrows at the same time. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Sowing time: in mid-May when the maximum daily temperature is less than 30℃, sow in time when the surface soil is loose, dry and non-sticky after land preparation.

[0154] 2) Seed fertilizer weighing: The sowing amount is determined to be 3.0kg / mu. Seed fertilizer: diammonium phosphate (N=18%, P2O5≥46%), sowing amount is 4kg / mu.

[0155] 3) Seed and fertilizer mixing: Before sowing, mix the grass seeds and seed fertilizer evenly, and then sow them in the ridges at the same time.

[0156] 4) Sowing: Sowing is done by manual marking, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a north-south direction. When sowing manually, the marking tool is manually pressed, and marking and furrowing are done at the same time. The furrow depth is 1-2 cm. After sowing, lightly step on it once.

[0157] 5) Irrigation: Sprinkle 40mm after sowing.

[0158] 4. Autumn tillering promotion: After sowing in the first quarter, the number of tillers in autumn is sufficient, and only 40mm of sprinkler irrigation is required.

[0159] 5. Freezing management: Freezing formula: diammonium phosphate (20kg / mu) + irrigation amount (50mm). Operation sequence: first spread diammonium phosphate on the surface, then sprinkle irrigation. The specific operation measures are as follows: 1) Fertilization: When the minimum temperature is less than 0℃ on November 15, spread diammonium phosphate (20kg / mu).

[0160] 2) Sprinkler irrigation: irrigate about 50 mm until water accumulates over a large area of ​​the ground.

[0161] 6. Regulation of reproduction during re-greening: Greening formula: nitrogen fertilizer + irrigation (50mm), apply nitrogen after the sowing of timothy grass, the nitrogen level is 45, 90, 180 kg N / hm 2 , 3 replicates / treatment, followed by sprinkler irrigation.

[0162] 7. Supplementary sprinkler irrigation: During the tillering, jointing, heading and flowering stages, timely supplementary irrigation was carried out four times, with the same irrigation amount of 40 mm each time.

[0163] 8. Statistics of early maturity tests: At the early stage of maturity, the number of reproductive branches and tillers of each treatment was measured, and the reproductive conversion rate was calculated.

[0164] 4. Technical Implementation Effect The seeds were sown in April 2014. The number of reproductive branches and total tillers of Timothy grass treated with different nitrogen application levels were measured and counted at the early stage of maturity after the first year. The reproductive conversion efficiency was calculated. The results showed that compared with the non-nitrogen application, the reproductive conversion rate of the wintering plants treated with nitrogen application was significantly increased. 2 The reproductive conversion rate of the treatment was the highest, reaching 60.4%, which was 27.2% higher than that of the control. 2 , the reproductive conversion rate did not increase but decreased. At the same time, nitrogen application during the greening period can cause plant lodging to a certain extent, which is not conducive to seed harvesting during the mature period. The test results show that nitrogen application of 45kg N / hm 2 When the amount was higher than 90 kg N / hm2, the lodging rate increased significantly. 2 The lodging rate reached 38.3%, 180kg N / hm 2 The lodging rate reached 60%. It can be seen that nitrogen application in the spring green period can effectively improve the reproductive conversion rate of timothy grass, but it should not be too much, 45kg N / hm 2 The nitrogen application rate regulation effect is relatively good ( Fig.9c and 9d ).

[0165] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made based on the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for overall control of improving the reproductive conversion rate of timothy grass, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Site selection: Choose a low-lying, well-drained, neutral or sticky soil that is not prone to drought for sowing; S2, land preparation: after the ground is cleaned, first spread the base fertilizer and pesticide, then plow the soil, and finally press it once with a roller; wherein the base fertilizer is potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the spreading amount is 35-45kg / mu, preferably 40kg / mu, the pesticide is 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus, the spreading amount is 5kg / mu; S3. Sowing: The sowing time is early spring or early autumn. In early spring, the daily minimum temperature is 4℃ to the daily maximum temperature is 25℃, and in early autumn, the daily minimum temperature is 10℃ to the daily maximum temperature is 30℃. First, weigh the Timothy grass seeds and the seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate, mix them evenly, then sow them in the furrows at the same time, and finally sprinkle irrigate; wherein the sowing amount of the Timothy grass is determined according to the germination rate, ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 kg / mu; the seed fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, the sowing amount is 3 to 5 kg / mu, preferably 4 kg / mu, and the sprinkler irrigation amount of water is 35 to 45 mm, preferably 40 mm; S4. Autumn tillering: When the minimum temperature is ≤0℃, that is, 7-8 weeks before freezing, apply urea with N≥46% at 13kg / mu, i.e., 90kg N / hm2. 2 , then sprinkle irrigation, and spray 6-BA with a concentration of 40ppm around noon the next day, the water spraying amount is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm, and the spraying amount of 6-BA is 55-65L / mu, preferably 60L / mu; S5. Freezing management: After freezing in winter, first spread diammonium phosphate on the surface, and then sprinkle irrigation; wherein, the spreading amount of diammonium phosphate is 15-25 kg / mu, preferably 20 kg / mu, and the amount of water for sprinkle irrigation is 45-55 mm, preferably 50 mm; S6. Greening and reproductive regulation: After the overwintering plants turn green in spring, when the daily minimum temperature is > 0℃, nitrogen is applied to the ground first, followed by sprinkler irrigation; the nitrogen application rate is 45kg N / hm 2 , the amount of water for sprinkler irrigation is 45-55mm, preferably 50mm; S7. Jointing and reproductive regulation: At the end of the jointing period of the overwintering plants, nitrogen was applied to the ground and then sprinkled, and gibberellin with a concentration of 40 ppm was sprayed around noon the next day; the nitrogen application rate was 90 kg N / hm 2 , the water spraying amount is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm, and the gibberellin spraying amount is 55-65L / mu, preferably 60L / mu; S8. Harvest management: After harvesting the grass seeds in the summer, cut the aboveground part of the plants, leaving 6-10 cm stubble, preferably 8 cm, apply nitrogen on the surface, and then sprinkle irrigation; the nitrogen application rate is 90 kg N / hm 2 The amount of water for sprinkler irrigation is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that S1 specifically includes: selecting low-lying, well-drained, flat ground that is not prone to drought and has neutral or slightly sticky soil for sowing.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that S2 specifically includes: 1) Cleaning the land: Before sowing, first clean up the remaining plants, large rocks and waste from the previous crop; 2) Base fertilizer and pesticide: spread base fertilizer potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 35-45kg / mu, preferably 40kg / mu and 5% zinc sulfur phosphorus pesticide 5kg / mu; the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer includes: N 15%, P2O5 15%, K2O 15% and sulfur ≥11%; 3) Tillage: A tractor with a five-furrow plow is used to plough the soil deeply with pesticides and base fertilizer to a depth of 15-25 cm, preferably 20 cm. A rotary tiller with a harrow is then used to repeatedly break up and level the larger clods in the soil until most clods are less than 3-4 cm in diameter. 4) Use a roller to level the ground.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: S3 specifically includes: 1) Select the sowing time: First, the sowing time can be divided into two time periods: early spring and early autumn. In early spring, the earliest sowing time is when the daily minimum temperature is ≥ 4℃, and the sowing can be stopped when the daily maximum temperature is ≥ 25℃; in early autumn, the sowing can be started when the daily maximum temperature is ≤ 30℃, and the sowing can be stopped when the daily minimum temperature is 10℃, that is, one month before frost; secondly, the specific sowing date is preliminarily selected, and it is judged according to rainfall and irrigation conditions; if there are irrigation conditions, it can be carried out at any time during the suitable sowing period; if there are no irrigation conditions, early autumn sowing is preferred. Before sowing, you must always pay attention to the local weather forecast, keep abreast of the recent rainfall conditions, and then choose 1-2 days before the forecast of light to moderate rain as the preliminarily selected sowing date; finally, make sure that the soil is loose, dry and non-sticky before sowing; 2) Weighing of seeds and seed fertilizer: First, determine the sowing amount according to the germination rate. When the germination rate is above 80%, the sowing amount is 1.5kg / mu; when the germination rate is 50%-80%, the sowing amount is 1.5-2.5kg / mu; when the germination rate is below 50%, the sowing amount is 2.5-5.0kg / mu. The lower the germination rate, the greater the sowing amount. For seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate, the sowing amount is 4kg / mu; the diammonium phosphate includes: N 18%, P2O5≥46%; 3) Mixing seeds and fertilizer: Mix grass seeds and fertilizer evenly before sowing, and then sow them in the furrows at the same time; 4) Sowing: There are two types of sowing methods: manual and mechanical. Before sowing, determine the row spacing and direction: the row spacing for row sowing is 35-45cm, preferably 40cm, and the row direction is north-south. When sowing manually, manually apply pressure to the marking tool, marking and furrowing are done at the same time, with a furrow depth of 1-2cm. Then, the grass seeds are sown in the furrows, and lightly stepped on once after sowing. For mechanical sowing, choose a 2-4 row seeder, a no-till machine or a plow seeder, sow at a depth of 1-2cm, and use a roller to press once after sowing. 5) Irrigation: If there is no effective rainfall after sowing, sprinkler irrigation should be carried out in time, preferably medium and micro sprinkler irrigation, sprinkler irrigation after sowing, the sprinkler irrigation depth is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm, during the period, if the surface water is serious or the soil saturated water holding depth reaches more than 20cm, stop; Among them, irrigation volume (m 3 ) / times = irrigation area (m 2 )×irrigation depth (mm) / 1000.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that S4 specifically includes: 1) Nitrogen application: 7-8 weeks before freezing, apply 90kg N / hm 2 ; 2) Irrigation: The irrigation depth is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm. If the soil saturated water holding depth reaches more than 20cm, it can be stopped in advance; 3) Spraying: On the second day of sprinkler irrigation, spray 6-BA with a concentration of 40ppm around noon when the weather is clear, 55-65L / mu, preferably 60L / mu, for 2 consecutive times, once a week.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that S5 specifically includes: 1) Fertilization: When the lowest temperature is less than 0℃ after winter, spread diammonium phosphate at 15-25 kg / mu, preferably 20 kg / mu; 2) Irrigation: The irrigation depth is 45-55mm, preferably 50mm, until water accumulates over a large area of ​​the ground.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that S6 specifically includes: 1) Nitrogen application: In spring, when the lowest daily temperature is > 0°C after the plants turn green, apply 45 kg N / hm2 of nitrogen. 2 ; 2) Irrigation: The irrigation depth is 45-55mm, preferably 50mm, until water accumulates over a large area of ​​the ground.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that S7 specifically includes: 1) Nitrogen application: At the end of the jointing period of overwintering plants, apply 90 kg N / hm 2 ; 2) Irrigation: The irrigation depth is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm, and it can be stopped when the soil saturated water holding depth reaches more than 20cm; 3) Spraying: When the weather is clear on the second day of sprinkler irrigation, spray 40ppm gibberellin around noon, 55-65L / mu, preferably 60L / mu, for 3 consecutive times, once a week.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: S8 specifically includes: 1) Mowing: After harvesting the mature seed ears, use a scissor-type mower to mow the above-ground part, leaving a stubble of 6-10 cm, preferably 8 cm; 2) Nitrogen application: After cleaning the ground, apply nitrogen at 90kg N / hm 2 ; 3) Irrigation: The irrigation depth is 35-45mm, preferably 40mm, and it should be stopped when water accumulates over a large area on the ground.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Also includes extension management: 1) Increased irrigation: When the depth of dry soil layer reaches more than 5cm, and 20%-30%, especially more than 30% of plant leaves wilt, it is necessary to temporarily increase single irrigation, 35-45mm, preferably 40mm / time; 2) Weed control: When weeds appear between rows, especially broad-leaved weeds, they should be manually removed in time when they are higher than 20 cm; 3) Lateral seepage and drainage: When there is sufficient rainfall in the summer and the ground is waterlogged for many days, it is necessary to dig seepage ditches around the fields and connect them to the main canal for lateral seepage and drainage. The depth of the ditch should be 30 cm. If the main canal cannot be connected, a pump should be used to pump out the seepage ditch.

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