Ruminant animal refined supplement taking rumex hanus as main raw material and preparation method of ruminant animal refined supplement

Abstract

The invention discloses a ruminant fine supplement mainly containing azolla filliculoidas and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of feed manufacturing, the ruminant fine supplement comprises 40.0%-65.0% of azolla filliculoidas, 10.0%-20.0% of corn, 14.0%-20.0% of wheat bran, 0%-10.0% of soybean meal, 1.0%-2.5% of salt, 1.0%-3.0% of stone powder, 1.0%-1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate and 1.0%-4.0% of premix. According to the preparation method of the ruminant refined supplementary feed taking the ruminant as the main material, provided by the invention, the ruminant refined supplementary feed with low / no soybean meal daily ration and low corn can be prepared. And the cost of the feed is reduced on the premise of not reducing the protein content of the feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to a ruminant feed mainly composed of leafy grass and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Concentrate supplement refers to feed designed to supplement the nutritional gap of herbivorous animals based on roughage, green fodder and silage. It is carefully proportioned with energy feed, protein feed, mineral feed and feed additives. It is not a complete feed, but a part of the daily diet, which is designed to fully meet the nutritional needs of animals. It must be fed together with roughage, green fodder or silage. In addition, if the basic forage type changes, the supply of concentrate supplement needs to be flexibly adjusted according to the physiological response and production performance of the animal.

[0003] Leaf-eating grass, also known as protein grass, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Rumex in the Polygonaceae family. It is a "nutritional plant" with high protein, high nutritional value, high yield and high economic benefits. It is rich in various trace elements and beneficial minerals such as various amino acids, vitamin E, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, isoflavones, etc., and is one of the sources of excellent nutrients required by animals. However, its water content of more than 90% leads to an extremely short shelf life and easy corruption, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of processing and storage, limiting its wide application in the breeding industry.

[0004] At present, with the continuous rise in the cost of feed raw materials, especially the high prices of protein raw materials such as soybean meal that rely on imports, the cost pressure of the breeding industry is increasing. Although the existing concentrated supplements on the market still use soybean meal as the main source of protein, the formula update lags behind and cannot meet the actual changes in demand. In order to reduce costs, some businesses do not hesitate to reduce the crude protein content, which seriously damages the quality of concentrated supplements and thus affects the feeding effect. In this context, edible grass, as a new type of protein raw material with great potential, has a very broad market demand and application prospects. However, it is necessary to overcome its challenges in processing technology, product quality stability, etc., to promote the healthy development of the edible grass processing industry, and to continuously strengthen technological research and development and innovation. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems of expensive concentrated feed supplement, backward formula and research and development of leafy grass feed in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a concentrated feed supplement for ruminants mainly composed of leafy grass and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] To achieve the above technical solution, the present invention provides a ruminant feed mainly composed of foliage grass, which consists of 40.0%-65.0% foliage grass, 10.0%-20.0% corn, 14.0%-20.0% wheat bran, 0%-10.0% soybean meal, 1.0%-2.5% salt, 1.0%-3.0% stone powder, 1.0%-1.5% calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1.0%-4.0% premix.

[0007] Furthermore, the premix provides the following nutrients and contents per kilogram: 12000 IU vitamin A, 2200 IU vitamin D, 20 mg vitamin E, 60 mg iron, 12.5 mg copper, 50 mg manganese, 24 mg zinc, 0.3 mg tin, 1.0 mg iodine and 0.3 mg cobalt.

[0008] Furthermore, a method for preparing a ruminant feed mainly composed of leafy grass is provided, which is used to prepare the animal feed mainly composed of leafy grass as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:

[0009] S1: crushing, crushing leaf grass, corn grains and wheat bran;

[0010] S2: weighing, weighing the raw materials according to the proportion of raw materials in the feed formula;

[0011] S3: Mixing: the mixer requires the uniformity coefficient of variation of the raw materials after mixing to be ≤5%;

[0012] S4: feed pellet production, adding the raw material mixture into the pelletizer for pelleting;

[0013] S5: Seal the bag and use the prepared pellet feed within 90 days. When storing, place it flat in a cool place.

[0014] Reduce squeezing.

[0015] Furthermore, step S1 includes sub-steps:

[0016] S11: preparing leaf-eating grass powder, removing impurities on the surface of the leaf-eating grass after harvesting, and then putting it into a cutter to chop it into 20mm-25mm, and then letting the leaf-eating grass pass through a high-temperature dryer quickly to reduce its moisture content to 10%-15%;

[0018] S12: Grinding corn kernels: Place the dried corn kernels in a grinder and grind the corn kernels to a degree of 1 ±

[0019] 0.3mm, and ensure that the proportion of corn particles exceeding 2mm is ≤10%;

[0020] S13: Grinding wheat bran: placing the wheat bran in a grinder and grinding it to a degree of 2±1 mm.

[0021] Furthermore, step S3 includes sub-steps:

[0022] S31: Mixing small materials: Put salt, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate and premix into the mixer and stir at a speed of 270±

[0023] Stir at 30r / min for 5min, mix evenly, and make mixed feed powder;

[0024] S32: Raw material mixing: Continue to add leafy grass powder, corn powder, wheat bran powder, and soybean meal powder into the mixer.

[0025] The mixture was stirred at a rotation speed of 230±30 r / min for 10-15 min to obtain a raw material mixture.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S4, the granular material obtained by granulation is required to have uniform color, be free of mold and odor, have a powder content of ≤4%, and a powder extraction rate of ≤10%.

[0027] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0028] The method for preparing a ruminant concentrate feed mainly based on leafy grass provided by the present invention can prepare a low / no soybean meal diet and a low corn type ruminant concentrate feed. The problem that leafy grass is difficult to process due to its high water content is solved, and its potential feeding value is tapped. Under the premise of not reducing the protein content of the feed, the feed cost is reduced, which is conducive to the research and development and promotion of leafy grass feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0031] The invention provides a ruminant feed mainly containing edible grass, which consists of 40.0%-65.0% of edible grass, 10.0%-20.0% of corn, 14.0%-20.0% of wheat bran, 0%-10.0% of soybean meal, 1.0%-2.5% of salt, 1.0%-3.0% of stone powder, 1.0%-1.5% of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1.0%-4.0% of premix.

[0032] The nutritional components of the feed obtained by the above formula are shown in Table 1:

[0033] Table 1 Nutrient composition of feed obtained by the present invention

[0034] Nutritional Information content Moisture ≦14.0 Dry matter ≧88.0 Coarse ash ≦10.0 Crude Protein ≧22.0 Crude fat ≧4.0 Neutral detergent fiber ≧25.0 Acid detergent fiber ≧10.0 calcium 1.0-2.5 phosphorus ≧0.5 Sodium chloride 1.0-2.5 Lysine ≧0.3 Metabolizable Energy ≧9.5 Metabolic proteins ≧12.0

[0035] Typical raw material sources and properties are as follows:

[0036] Leaf-eating grass: a perennial herb that is cold-resistant and heat-resistant, widely grown in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places in my country. It has a high protein content and rich amino acid composition, with dry matter ≧90.0%, crude protein ≧30.0%, neutral detergent fiber of about 30%, and acid detergent fiber of about 15%. It is commercially available.

[0037] Corn: It is widely planted in China. Its nutritional content varies slightly according to the geographical environment. It is one of the most widely used feed ingredients. Dry matter ≥ 85.0%, crude protein ≥ 7.0%, neutral detergent fiber about 9%, acid detergent fiber about 3%, all commercially available.

[0038] Wheat bran: Mainly grown in Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Shaanxi, it is a by-product of wheat flour processing. my country has abundant bran resources and low cost. Dry matter ≧85.0%, crude protein ≧15.0%, neutral detergent fiber about 40%, acid detergent fiber about 10%, all commercially available.

[0039] Soybean meal: Soybean meal is a by-product of soybean oil extraction. It is the most common source of feed protein. To control costs, soybean meal does not need to be added. Dry matter ≥ 87.0%, crude protein ≥ 40.0%, neutral detergent fiber about 11%, acid detergent fiber about 9%, all commercially available.

[0040] Table salt: The main ingredient is sodium chloride, which is used to maintain electrolyte balance and stimulate animals to feed. It is commercially available.

[0041] Stone powder: The main ingredient is calcium carbonate, which supplements calcium, regulates pH, and promotes digestion. The calcium content is ≧35% and is commercially available.

[0042] Calcium hydrogen phosphate: Supplements calcium and phosphorus, calcium content ≥ 29%, phosphorus content ≥ 22%, available in commercial stores.

[0043] Premix: Supplements trace elements, enhances animal immunity and production performance, available on the market.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the premix provides feed having the nutritional components and contents shown in Table 2 per kilogram:

[0045] Table 2 Nutritional content of premix per kg

[0046] Element content Vitamin A 12 000IU Vitamin D 2 200IU Vitamin E 20mg iron 60mg copper 12.5mg manganese 50mg Zinc 24mg tin 0.3mg iodine 1.0mg cobalt 0.3mg

[0047] A method for preparing a concentrated supplementary feed for ruminants mainly based on leafy grass comprises the following steps:

[0048] S1: Grinding, grinding leaf grass, corn particles and wheat bran. The degree of raw material grinding directly affects the cost of feed and the digestion and absorption rate of feed by animals. Too fine grinding will lead to increased energy consumption and cost, and accelerate the circulation rate of feed in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, reducing the absorption rate; too coarse grinding is not conducive to the formation of pellets, affects animal chewing, reduces the contact area between gastrointestinal microorganisms and feed, and affects digestion. Step S1 includes sub-steps:

[0049] S11: Preparation of leaf edible grass powder; leaf edible grass has a high moisture content. After harvesting, impurities are removed and the leaf edible grass is chopped by a cutter into pieces of about 20-25 mm. After quickly passing through a high-temperature dryer, the moisture content can be reduced to 10-15%.

[0050] S12: Corn kernel crushing: Place the dry corn kernels in a crusher, the recommended crushing degree is 1±0.3mm.

[0051] The proportion exceeding 2mm should be ≤10%.

[0052] S13: Wheat bran crushing: Place the wheat bran in a crusher and crush it. The recommended crushing degree is 2±1mm.

[0053] S2: Weighing: weigh the raw materials according to the proportion of raw materials in the feed formula.

[0054] S3: Mixing. The mixer requires the uniformity coefficient of variation of the raw materials after mixing to be ≤5%. Step S3 includes sub-steps:

[0055] S31: Mixing small materials: Put salt, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate and premix into the mixer and stir at a speed of 270±

[0056] Stir at 30r / min for 5min, mix evenly, and make mixed feed powder.

[0057] S32: Raw material mixing: Continue to add leafy grass powder, corn powder, wheat bran powder, and soybean meal powder into the mixer.

[0058] The mixture was stirred at a rotation speed of 230±30 r / min for 10-15 min to obtain a raw material mixture.

[0059] S4: Feed pellet production: add the raw material mixture into the pelletizer for pelleting. The pellets obtained by pelleting are required to be uniform in color, free of mold and odor, with a powder content of ≤4% and a powder extraction rate of ≤10%.

[0060] S5: Seal the bag and use the prepared pellet feed within 90 days. When storing, place it flat in a cool place to reduce squeezing.

[0061] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ruminant feed mainly based on leafy grass, characterized in that: It consists of 40.0%-65.0% of edible grass, 10.0%-20.0% of corn, 14.0%-20.0% of wheat bran, 0%-10.0% of soybean meal, 1.0%-2.5% of salt, 1.0%-3.0% of stone powder, 1.0%-1.5% of calcium hydrogen phosphate and 1.0%-4.0% of premix.

2. The ruminant feed mainly based on leafy grass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The premix provides the following nutrients and contents per kilogram: 12000 IU vitamin A, 2200 IU vitamin D, 20 mg vitamin E, 60 mg iron, 12.5 mg copper, 50 mg manganese, 24 mg zinc, 0.3 mg tin, 1.0 mg iodine and 0.3 mg cobalt.

3. A method for preparing a concentrated supplementary feed for ruminants mainly containing leafy grass, used for preparing the concentrated supplementary feed for ruminants mainly containing leafy grass as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: Includes steps: S1: crushing, crushing leaf grass, corn grains and wheat bran; S2: weighing, weighing the raw materials according to the proportion of raw materials in the feed formula; S3: Mixing: the mixer requires the uniformity coefficient of variation of the raw materials after mixing to be ≤5%; S4: feed pellet production, adding the raw material mixture into the pelleting machine for pelleting; S5: Seal the bag and use the prepared pellet feed within 90 days. When storing, place it flat in a cool place to reduce squeezing.

4. The method for preparing a ruminant feed mainly based on leafy grass according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step S1 includes sub-steps: S11: preparing leaf edible grass powder, removing impurities on the surface of the leaf edible grass after harvesting, and then putting it into a cutter to chop it into 20mm-25mm, and then letting the leaf edible grass pass through a high-temperature dryer quickly to reduce its moisture content to 10%-15%; S12: Grinding corn particles: placing the dried corn particles in a grinder, grinding the corn particles to a size of 1±0.3 mm, and ensuring that the proportion of corn particles exceeding 2 mm is ≤10%; S13: Grinding wheat bran: placing the wheat bran in a grinder and grinding it to a degree of 2±1 mm.

5. The method for preparing a ruminant feed mainly based on leafy grass according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step S3 includes sub-steps: S31: Mixing small materials: Put salt, stone powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate and premix into a mixer, stir at a speed of 270±30r / min for 5 minutes, and mix evenly to make mixed feed powder; S32: Raw material mixing: continue to add edible grass powder, corn powder, wheat bran powder and soybean meal powder into the mixer, and stir at a speed of 230±30r / min for 10-15min to obtain a raw material mixture.

6. The method for preparing a ruminant feed mainly based on leafy grass according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the granular material obtained by granulation is required to be uniform in color, free from mold and odor, with a powder content of ≤4% and a powder extraction rate of ≤10%.