Large tunnel discharge flue type air bin and ventilation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction ventilation, and particularly relates to a large tunnel discharge flue type air bin and a ventilation method. A long tunnel discharge flue type air bin comprises a connecting channel, a discharge flue and a plurality of connecting caverns which are communicated in sequence, the connecting caverns comprise the open connecting caverns and the sealed connecting caverns, the open connecting caverns are communicated with a smoke discharge vertical shaft and a main tunnel air bin, and the outer side of the connecting channel is connected with a hard air supply pipe. A relay fan is arranged on the side, close to the tunnel face, in the main tunnel air bin and connected with a main tunnel air pipe, a main tunnel is connected to the side, close to the tunnel face, of the main tunnel air bin and communicated with an inclined shaft, the inclined shaft is communicated with the outer side of the tunnel, and the sealing connection cavern is connected with the main tunnel. The air bin is arranged at the junction of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel, relay ventilation is conducted through the axial flow fan, the ventilation distance can be greatly prolonged, the ventilation efficiency can be improved, meanwhile, the smoke exhaust channel is utilized, air distribution and relay type ventilation are achieved, and the air bin type ventilation effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction ventilation, and in particular relates to a smoke exhaust duct type wind chamber and a ventilation method for a long tunnel. Background Art

[0002] At present, tunnel construction ventilation mostly adopts pressure-type, suction-type, mixed-type and duct-type ventilation methods. However, with the increase of tunnel construction mileage, the commonly used construction ventilation methods are difficult to meet the ventilation needs of the face, and when multiple faces are under construction at the same time, there is still the problem of air volume distribution in each branch cavern. The wind silo ventilation system improves the traditional air supply method by adding a ventilation silo as an intermediate relay device, and installing an axial flow fan on the outside of the silo to redistribute the pressure of the air entering the silo, and then transport the pressurized air to the face. While solving the problem of air supply volume at the face, the wind silo ventilation also meets the dynamic control needs of ventilation at each construction stage.

[0003] However, there are still many problems in the design and application of tunnel wind silo ventilation. First, the tunnel wind silo structure mostly adopts a prefabricated wind silo structure, which has high production cost and complex internal structure. Secondly, due to the limitation of tunnel cross-sectional area and construction requirements, the cross-sectional area of ​​the wind silo is small, which brings large ventilation resistance. When the distance between the exhaust outlets is small, there will be a problem of wind grabbing, and the actual ventilation effect is not ideal. Finally, the prefabricated wind silo structure has poor stability, and the negative pressure generated inside the wind silo can easily cause damage to the wind silo structure, increase the wind silo leakage rate, and further increase the maintenance cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a smoke exhaust duct type wind bin and ventilation method for long and large tunnels. By setting a wind bin at the junction of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel and using axial flow fans for relay ventilation, the ventilation distance can be greatly extended and the ventilation efficiency can be improved. When the construction progress inside the tunnel permits, the smoke exhaust duct can be reasonably utilized to realize air volume distribution and relay ventilation, thereby achieving the effect of wind bin type ventilation.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a long and large tunnel smoke exhaust duct type wind bin, comprising a connecting passage, a smoke exhaust duct and a plurality of connecting caverns connected in sequence, the connecting caverns comprising an open connecting cavern and a sealed connecting cavern, the open connecting cavern is connected with a smoke exhaust shaft and a main tunnel wind bin, a hard air supply duct is connected to the outside of the connecting passage, a relay fan is provided on the side close to the heading face in the main tunnel wind bin, the relay fan is connected to the main tunnel air duct, the outlet end of the main tunnel air duct is located at the heading face, the main tunnel wind bin is connected to the main tunnel on the side close to the heading face, the main tunnel is connected with an inclined shaft, the inclined shaft is connected to the outside of the tunnel, and the sealed connecting chamber is connected to the main tunnel.

[0006] The main tunnel wind bin is a partition-type wind bin structure, including a wind bin bottom plate cross beam, a wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beam, a wind bin bottom plate and a partition support frame, a wind bin bottom plate cross beam is provided above the partition support frame, a wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beam is provided between the wind bin bottom plate cross beams, and the wind bin bottom plate is spliced ​​above the wind bin bottom plate cross beams and the wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beams.

[0007] A wind bin vertical partition is provided at both ends of the wind bin bottom plate, and the shape of the wind bin vertical partition is nearly a semicircle surrounded by the wind bin bottom plate and the tunnel arch. The wind bin vertical partition is welded to the wind bin bottom plate and the wind bin bottom plate crossbeam. A front wind bin vertical plate is provided on one side of the relay fan, and a fan connecting hole is provided in the middle of the front wind bin vertical plate. A rear wind bin vertical plate is provided on the opposite side of the relay fan, and a main tunnel wind bin inspection door is provided on the left side of the rear wind bin vertical plate.

[0008] The main tunnel comprises a left tunnel and a right tunnel, and the left tunnel and the right tunnel are connected via an inclined shaft.

[0009] One end of the connecting channel is connected to the inclined shaft, and the other end is connected to the smoke exhaust duct. A connecting channel sealing door is provided at the end of the connecting channel connected to the inclined shaft. A duct hole is provided at the upper part of the connecting channel sealing door. The hard air supply duct seal passes through the duct hole. An inspection door is provided at the lower part of the connecting channel sealing door. The inspection door includes an inspection door frame and a wind shield cloth or a wind shield plate. The inspection door frame includes an inspection door transverse frame and an inspection door vertical frame. The inspection door transverse frame extends to the tunnel side wall and is connected to the side wall for reinforcement. The inspection door vertical frame is connected to the inspection door transverse frame and the road surface by bolts or anchor rods.

[0010] The outlets or inlets of the connecting passage, smoke exhaust duct and smoke exhaust shaft are provided with sealing base rings and bottom sealing belts.

[0011] A connecting cavern sealing door is provided at the connection between the smoke exhaust duct and the connecting cavern, and a shaft guide plate is provided at the connection between the smoke exhaust shaft, the main tunnel and the main tunnel wind bin. The shaft guide plate is L-shaped as a whole, with a semicircular lower part vertically fixed in the smoke exhaust shaft, and a rectangular upper part connected to the main tunnel wind bin.

[0012] A smoke exhaust duct branch hole guide plate is arranged on the upper part of the open connection cavern, and the smoke exhaust duct branch hole guide plate has a quarter spherical shell on the upper part and a semi-cylindrical shell on the lower part.

[0013] A guide plate bracket is provided on the upper part of the shaft guide plate for reinforcement. The guide plate bracket is a triangular structure and a reinforcement anchor bolt is provided at the connection with the wall of the smoke exhaust shaft.

[0014] A ventilation method for a long tunnel with a smoke exhaust duct type wind silo, using the long tunnel with a smoke exhaust duct type wind silo as described above, is characterized in that it includes the following steps: S1: When working, the fan outside the tunnel is turned on, and the wind flows into the connecting passage and the smoke exhaust duct through the hard air supply duct; S2: At the same time, the relay fan is turned on, negative pressure is generated in the wind bin, and the wind path enters the open connecting cavern, smoke exhaust shaft, and main tunnel wind bin and is diverted. Under the action of the relay fan, the wind is sent to the tunnel face through the main tunnel air duct, realizing the secondary distribution of wind flow and ensuring the supply of fresh air during the tunnel face operation; S3: The dirty air generated in the cave is discharged out of the cave through the main tunnel and inclined shaft in turn under the action of air pressure.

[0015] The technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention sets a wind bin at the junction of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel, and uses an axial flow fan for relay ventilation, which can greatly extend the air supply distance and improve ventilation efficiency. At the same time, the large-section wind bin structure can effectively reduce ventilation resistance and further improve ventilation efficiency; 2. The present invention uses the excavated exhaust duct structure as the main structure of the wind bin, which reduces the production cost and operation cost of the wind bin structure; 3. The present invention uses the excavated exhaust duct cavern as the wind bin structure, without adding internal and external support structures, and the structure is relatively stable.

[0016] The following is a further description with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a smoke exhaust duct type wind silo for a long tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of a smoke exhaust duct type wind silo for a long tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the smoke exhaust duct and the main tunnel wind bin structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the main tunnel wind bin arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a large-scale cross-sectional view of a shaft guide plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a large-scale drawing of the sealing door of the connecting channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a large-scale drawing of the cavern sealing door connected according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a large-scale drawing of the vertical plate of the main tunnel wind bin in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure numerals: 1-hard air supply duct; 2-connecting passage; 3-smoke exhaust duct; 4-connecting cavern; 401-open connecting cavern; 402-sealed connecting cavern; 5-smoke exhaust shaft; 6-main tunnel wind silo; 7-inclined shaft; 8-main tunnel; 801-left tunnel of the main tunnel; 802-right tunnel of the main tunnel; 803-horizontal tunnel; 9-relay fan; 10-main tunnel air duct; 11-sealed door of connecting passage; 12-sealed door of connecting cavern; 13-shaft guide plate; 14-smoke exhaust duct branch tunnel guide plate; 15-wind silo bottom plate longitudinal beam; 1 6-wind bin bottom plate crossbeam; 17-wind bin bottom plate; 18-partition support frame; 19-guide plate bracket; 20-reinforcement anchor bolt; 21-inspection door frame; 2101-inspection door horizontal frame; 2102-inspection door vertical frame; 22-wind partition cloth or wind shield; 23-inspection door; 24-sealing base ring; 25-bottom sealing belt; 26-air duct hole; 27-wind bin vertical partition; 2701-front wind bin vertical plate; 2702 rear wind bin vertical plate; 28-main tunnel wind bin fan hole; 29-main tunnel wind bin inspection door. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example 1

[0026] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a long and large tunnel smoke exhaust duct type wind bin comprises a connecting passage 2, a smoke exhaust duct 3 and a plurality of connecting caverns 4 which are connected in sequence, the connecting caverns 4 comprising an open connecting cavern 401 and a sealed connecting cavern 402, the open connecting cavern 401 is connected with a smoke exhaust shaft 5 and a main tunnel wind bin 6, the outer side of the connecting passage 2 is connected with a hard air supply duct 1, a relay fan 9 is provided on the side of the main tunnel wind bin 6 close to the heading face, the relay fan 9 is connected with the main tunnel air duct 10, the outlet end of the main tunnel air duct 10 is located at the heading face, the main tunnel wind bin 6 is connected with a main tunnel 8 on the side close to the heading face, the main tunnel 8 is connected with an inclined shaft 7, the inclined shaft 7 is connected with the outside of the tunnel, and the sealed connecting chamber 402 is connected with the main tunnel 8.

[0027] In actual use, the present invention uses the space formed by connecting the connecting channel 2, the smoke exhaust duct 3, the connecting cavern 401, the smoke exhaust shaft 5, and the main tunnel wind bin 6 as the wind bin structure to realize the storage and diversion of the wind path. A rigid air supply duct 1 of a certain length is arranged on the outside of the connecting channel 2, and the material is aluminum alloy or other metals with smooth surface, so as to reduce the elbow resistance of the air supply duct 1 at this point. The rigid air supply duct 1 is connected with the connecting channel 2 so that fresh air can enter the wind bin. During operation, the fan outside the cave is turned on, and the wind flow enters the connecting channel 2 and the smoke exhaust duct 3 through the rigid air supply duct 1; at the same time, the relay fan 9 is turned on, and negative pressure is generated in the wind bin, and the wind path enters the open connecting cavern 401, the smoke exhaust shaft 5, and the main tunnel wind bin 6 and diverts. Under the action of the relay fan 9, it is sent to the face through the main tunnel duct 10, realizing the secondary distribution of the wind flow and ensuring the supply of fresh air during the face operation process; the dirty air generated in the cave is discharged out of the cave through the main tunnel 8 and the inclined shaft 7 in turn under the action of air pressure. The present invention can significantly extend the ventilation distance and improve the ventilation efficiency by setting a wind bin at the junction of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel and using an axial flow fan for relay ventilation. The present invention can also effectively shorten the ventilation distance of the air duct, expand the cross-sectional area of ​​the ventilation branch, reduce the resistance loss along the way and the local resistance loss, ensure that the exhaust ports of each wind bin are relatively independent, and avoid the phenomenon of wind grabbing at the exhaust port. At the same time, by controlling the power of the relay fan 9, the air supply volume of each face can be controlled. Through the combination of different relay fan exhaust powers, the air supply demand of the face under different operating conditions can be adapted to achieve the effect of air volume distribution. The present invention reduces the production cost and operation cost of the wind bin structure by using the excavated smoke exhaust duct structure as the main structure of the wind bin. Example 2

[0028] Preferably, on the basis of Example 1, in this embodiment, the main tunnel wind bin 6 is a partition type wind bin structure, including a wind bin bottom plate cross beam 15, a wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beam 16, a wind bin bottom plate 17 and a partition support frame 18, a wind bin bottom plate cross beam 15 is provided above the partition support frame 18, a wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beam 16 is provided between the wind bin bottom plate cross beams 15, and the wind bin bottom plate 17 is spliced ​​above the wind bin bottom plate cross beam 15 and the wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beam 16.

[0029] During actual use, the main tunnel wind bin 6 described in the present invention is a partition-type wind bin structure, including a wind bin bottom plate cross beam 15, a wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beam 16, a wind bin bottom plate 17 and a partition support frame 18, a wind bin bottom plate cross beam 15 is provided above the partition support frame 18, and a wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beam 16 is provided between the wind bin bottom plate cross beams 15, and the wind bin bottom plate 17 is spliced ​​above the wind bin bottom plate cross beam 15 and the wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beam 16, which is quick and stable to install. Example 3

[0030] Preferably, on the basis of Example 1 or Example 2, in this embodiment, vertical partitions 27 are respectively provided at both ends of the wind bin bottom plate 17, and the shape of the wind bin vertical partitions 27 is nearly a semicircle surrounded by the wind bin bottom plate 17 and the tunnel arch, and the wind bin vertical partitions 27 are welded to the wind bin bottom plate 17 and the wind bin bottom plate crossbeam 15, and a front wind bin vertical plate 2701 is provided on one side of the relay fan 9, and a fan connecting hole 28 is provided in the middle of the front wind bin vertical plate 2701, and a rear wind bin vertical plate 2702 is provided on the opposite side of the relay fan 9, and a main tunnel wind bin inspection door 29 is provided on the left side of the rear wind bin vertical plate 2702.

[0031] During actual use, the two ends of the wind bin bottom plate 17 of the present invention are respectively provided with wind bin vertical partitions 27, and the shape of the wind bin vertical partitions 27 is nearly semicircular surrounded by the wind bin bottom plate 17 and the tunnel vault. The present invention uses the excavated smoke exhaust duct cavern as the wind bin structure, and there is no need to add internal and external support structures, and the structure is relatively stable. An air valve is arranged inside the main tunnel wind bin 6 to control the opening and closing of the wind bin outlet. The air valve is arranged behind the front vertical partition 2701 of the main tunnel wind bin. When a certain face or main tunnel working area does not need air supply, the corresponding air valve is controlled to close. The relay fan 9 can be directly connected to the main tunnel wind bin 6 through a hoop and bolts, or it can be connected through a hard wind tube, but it cannot be connected with a flexible air duct to prevent the air duct from deforming under the action of internal negative pressure. Example 4

[0032] Preferably, on the basis of Example 1 or Example 3, in this embodiment, the main tunnel 8 includes a left main tunnel 801 and a right main tunnel 802, and the left main tunnel 801 and the right main tunnel 802 are connected via an inclined shaft 7.

[0033] During actual use, the main tunnel 8 described in the present invention includes a left main tunnel 801 and a right main tunnel 802. The left main tunnel 801 and the right main tunnel 802 are connected via an inclined shaft 7. The polluted air generated in the tunnel is discharged out of the tunnel through the main tunnel 8 and the inclined shaft 7 in turn under the action of air pressure. Example 5

[0034] Preferably, on the basis of Example 1 or Example 4, in this embodiment, one end of the connecting channel 2 is connected to the inclined shaft 7, and the other end is connected to the smoke exhaust duct 3, and a connecting channel sealing door 11 is provided at the end of the connecting channel 2 connected to the inclined shaft 7, and a duct hole 26 is provided at the upper part of the connecting channel sealing door 11, and the hard air supply duct 1 seals and passes through the duct hole 26, and an inspection door 23 is provided at the lower part of the connecting channel sealing door 11, and the inspection door 23 includes an inspection door frame 21 and a windproof cloth or wind shield 22, and the inspection door frame 21 includes an inspection door transverse frame 2101 and an inspection door vertical frame 2102, and the inspection door transverse frame 2101 extends to the side wall of the tunnel and is connected to the side wall for reinforcement, and the inspection door vertical frame 2102 is connected to the inspection door transverse frame 2101 and the road surface by bolts or anchor rods.

[0035] During actual use, the air duct hole 26 is opened on the top of the connecting channel sealing door 11 of the present invention and connected to the hard air supply duct 1, and an inspection door 23 is set at the bottom to ensure that construction personnel and vehicles can enter the exhaust duct structure for inspection. The material of the inspection door 23 is also a windproof cloth or a wind shield 22, and an inspection door frame 21 is set on the outside, including a transverse frame 2101 and a vertical frame 2102. The transverse frame 2101 extends to the side wall of the tunnel and is connected and reinforced with the side wall. The vertical frame 2102 is supported by the transverse frame 2101 and the road surface and connected by bolts or anchor rods to ensure that the external frame structure of the inspection door 23 is stable. The left and right sides of the inspection door 23 and the inspection door 23 and the frame 21 are connected by a sealed zipper to ensure that the inspection door does not enter dirty air. Example 6

[0036] Preferably, on the basis of Example 1 or Example 5, in this embodiment, the outlets or inlets of the connecting passage 2 , the smoke exhaust duct 3 and the smoke exhaust shaft 5 are provided with sealing base rings 24 and bottom sealing belts 25 .

[0037] In actual use, the outlets or inlets of the connecting passage 2, the smoke exhaust duct 3 and the smoke exhaust shaft 5 of the present invention are provided with sealing base rings 24 and bottom sealing belts 25 to prevent air leakage. Example 7

[0038] Preferably, on the basis of Example 1 or Example 8, in this embodiment, a connecting cavern sealing door 12 is provided at the connection between the smoke exhaust duct 3 and the connecting cavern 4, and a shaft guide plate 131 is provided at the connection between the smoke exhaust shaft 5 and the main tunnel 8 and the main tunnel wind bin 6. The shaft guide plate 13 is L-shaped as a whole, the lower part is semicircular and vertically fixed in the smoke exhaust shaft 5, and the upper part is rectangular and connected to the main tunnel wind bin 5.

[0039] During actual use, the present invention installs guide plates inside the smoke exhaust duct 3 and the shaft 5, and uses cement or rubber sealing tape to reinforce the contact parts between the guide plates and the cave wall, and adds anchor bolts and support frames for reinforcement at local positions. Secondly, the main tunnel wind bin 6 and the connecting cavern sealing door 12 are set up, and the partition-type wind bin structure is transported to the cave for assembly after the prefabrication of the parts outside the cave is completed. Finally, the connecting channel sealing door 11 and the hard air supply duct 1 are installed, and the original air duct is connected to the hard air supply duct to ensure that the construction of all wind bin structures is completed after the construction of other structures in the cave is completed. After the construction of the wind bin structure is completed, the airtightness and safety of the wind bin should be checked through ventilation experiments, the parts with air leakage should be further sealed, and the parts with unstable structures should be reinforced. Example 8

[0040] Preferably, based on Example 1 or Example 7, in this embodiment, a smoke exhaust duct branch hole guide plate 14 is arranged on the upper part of the open connecting cavern 401, and the upper part of the smoke exhaust duct branch hole guide plate 14 is a quarter-spherical shell, and the lower part is a semi-cylindrical shell.

[0041] In actual use, the smoke exhaust duct branch hole guide plate 14 has a quarter-spherical shell on the upper part and a semi-cylindrical shell on the lower part. When in use, the wind flow can be directly guided into the smoke exhaust shaft to reduce the size of the vortex formed in the open connecting chamber 401. Example 9

[0042] Preferably, based on Example 1 or Example 8, in this embodiment, a guide plate bracket 19 is provided on the upper portion of the shaft guide plate 13 for reinforcement. The guide plate bracket 19 is a triangular structure, and a reinforcing anchor bolt 20 is provided at the connection with the wall of the smoke exhaust shaft 5.

[0043] In actual use, a bracket 19 is provided on the upper part of the shaft guide plate 13 of the present invention for reinforcement. The bracket 19 has a triangular structure and is reinforced at the connection with the wall of the smoke exhaust shaft 5 by a reinforcing anchor bolt 20 to ensure stable installation. Example 10

[0044] A ventilation method for a long tunnel with a smoke exhaust duct type wind silo, using the long tunnel with a smoke exhaust duct type wind silo as described above, is characterized in that it includes the following steps: S1: When working, the fan outside the cave is turned on, and the wind flows through the hard air supply duct 1 into the connecting channel 2 and the smoke exhaust duct 3; S2: At the same time, the relay fan 9 is turned on, negative pressure is generated in the wind bin, and the wind path enters the open connecting cavern 401, the smoke exhaust shaft 5, and the main tunnel wind bin 6 and is diverted. Under the action of the relay fan 9, the wind is sent to the tunnel face through the main tunnel air duct 10, realizing the secondary distribution of the wind flow and ensuring the supply of fresh air during the tunnel face operation; S3: The dirty air generated in the cave is discharged out of the cave through the main tunnel 8 and the inclined shaft 7 in turn under the action of air pressure.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smoke exhaust duct type wind silo for a long tunnel, characterized by: The invention comprises a connecting passage (2), a smoke exhaust passage (3) and a plurality of connecting caverns (4) which are connected in sequence. The connecting caverns (4) comprise an open connecting cavern (401) and a sealed connecting cavern (402). The open connecting cavern (401) is connected to a smoke exhaust shaft (5) and a main tunnel wind chamber (6). The outside of the connecting passage (2) is connected to a hard air supply duct (1). A relay fan (9) is provided in the main tunnel wind chamber (6) on the side close to the tunnel face. The relay fan (9) is connected to a main tunnel wind duct (10). The outlet end of the main tunnel wind duct (10) is located at the tunnel face. The main tunnel wind chamber (6) is connected to a main tunnel (8) on the side close to the tunnel face. The main tunnel (8) is connected to an inclined shaft (7). The inclined shaft (7) is connected to the outside of the tunnel. The sealed connecting cavern (402) is connected to the main tunnel (8).

2. According to claim 1, a long tunnel smoke exhaust duct type wind silo is characterized in that: The main tunnel wind bin (6) is a partition-type wind bin structure, comprising a wind bin bottom plate cross beam (15), a wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beam (16), a wind bin bottom plate (17) and a partition support frame (18), wherein a wind bin bottom plate cross beam (15) is provided above the partition support frame (18), a wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beam (16) is provided between the wind bin bottom plate cross beams (15), and the wind bin bottom plate (17) is spliced ​​above the wind bin bottom plate cross beam (15) and the wind bin bottom plate longitudinal beam (16).

3. According to claim 2, a long tunnel smoke exhaust duct type wind silo is characterized in that: Wind bin vertical partitions (27) are respectively provided at both ends of the wind bin bottom plate (17), and the shape of the wind bin vertical partitions (27) is nearly a semicircle formed by the wind bin bottom plate (17) and the tunnel arch, and the wind bin vertical partitions (27) are welded to the wind bin bottom plate (17) and the wind bin bottom plate cross beam (15). A front wind bin vertical plate (2701) is provided on one side of the relay fan (9), and a fan connection hole (28) is provided in the middle of the front wind bin vertical plate (2701). A rear wind bin vertical plate (2702) is provided on the opposite side of the relay fan (9), and a main tunnel wind bin inspection door (29) is provided on the left side of the rear wind bin vertical plate (2702).

4. According to claim 1, a long tunnel smoke exhaust duct type wind silo is characterized in that: The main tunnel (8) comprises a left main tunnel (801) and a right main tunnel (802), and the left main tunnel (801) and the right main tunnel (802) are connected via a transverse tunnel (803).

5. According to claim 1, a long tunnel smoke exhaust duct type wind silo is characterized in that: One end of the connecting channel (2) is connected to the inclined shaft (7), and the other end is connected to the smoke exhaust duct (3). The end of the connecting channel (2) connected to the inclined shaft (7) is provided with a connecting channel sealing door (11). An air duct hole (26) is provided at the upper part of the connecting channel sealing door (11). The hard air supply duct (1) seals and passes through the air duct hole (26). An inspection door (23) is provided at the lower part of the connecting channel sealing door (11). The inspection door (23) comprises an inspection door frame (21) and a windproof cloth or wind shield (22). The inspection door frame (21) comprises an inspection door transverse frame (2101) and an inspection door vertical frame (2102). The inspection door transverse frame (2101) extends to the tunnel side wall and is connected and reinforced with the side wall. The inspection door vertical frame (2102) is connected to the inspection door transverse frame (2101) and the road surface by bolts or anchor rods.

6. According to claim 1, a long tunnel smoke exhaust duct type wind silo is characterized by: The outlets or inlets of the connecting passage (2), the smoke exhaust duct (3) and the smoke exhaust shaft (5) are provided with sealing base rings (24) and bottom sealing belts (25).

7. The smoke exhaust duct type wind silo for a long tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting cavern sealing door (12) is provided at the connection between the smoke exhaust duct (3) and the connecting cavern (4), and a shaft guide plate (13) is provided at the connection between the smoke exhaust shaft (5) and the main tunnel (8) and the main tunnel wind bin (6). The shaft guide plate (13) is L-shaped as a whole, with a semicircular lower portion vertically fixed in the smoke exhaust shaft (5) and a rectangular upper portion connected to the main tunnel wind bin (5).

8. According to claim 1, a long tunnel smoke exhaust duct type wind silo is characterized by: A smoke exhaust duct branch hole guide plate (14) is arranged on the upper part of the open connection cavern (401); the smoke exhaust duct branch hole guide plate (14) has a quarter spherical shell on the upper part and a semi-cylindrical shell on the lower part.

9. The smoke exhaust duct type wind silo for a long tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that: A guide plate bracket (19) is provided on the upper part of the shaft guide plate (13) for reinforcement. The guide plate bracket (19) is a triangular structure and a reinforcement anchor bolt (20) is provided at the connection with the wall of the smoke exhaust shaft (5).

10. A ventilation method for a long tunnel with a smoke exhaust duct type wind silo, using the long tunnel with a smoke exhaust duct type wind silo as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: When working, the fan outside the cave is turned on, and the air flow enters the connecting passage (2) and the smoke exhaust duct (3) through the hard air supply duct (1); S2: At the same time, the relay fan (9) is turned on, negative pressure is generated in the wind bin, and the wind path enters the open connecting cavern (401), the smoke exhaust shaft (5), and the main tunnel wind bin (6) and is split. Under the action of the relay fan (9), the wind is sent to the tunnel face through the main tunnel air duct (10), thereby realizing secondary distribution of the wind flow and ensuring the supply of fresh air during the tunnel face operation; S3: The dirty air generated in the cave is discharged out of the cave through the main tunnel (8) and the inclined shaft (7) in sequence under the action of air pressure.

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