Radioactive solid waste treatment device and treatment method

Abstract

The invention relates to a radioactive solid waste treatment device. An overpressure machine comprises a feeding mechanical arm, an overpressure machine body, a discharging mechanical arm and an electric control system. The overpressure machine body comprises a rack, an opening and closing window, a hydraulic system, an upper pressure head assembly, a guide stand column, a lower bearing plate, a lower positioning and plug unloading assembly, a drilling mechanical arm, a fine scrap blowing mechanical arm, a vacuum pump and an HEPA efficient filter. The upper pressure head assembly comprises a hydraulic plate, a pressure head, a sleeve and an electromagnetic induction heating assembly; the production line with the overpressure machine further comprises a high-frequency electric vibration table, a steel drum transportation crane, a transportation roller way, a visual damage detection module, a drum cake transportation crane, a drum cake optimization table, a radiation measurement table and a laser marking table. By implementing the embodiment of the invention, not only are cone bottom rebound, secondary pollution and jamming risks solved, but also efficient, automatic and safe operation of radiation waste compaction treatment is realized, and the batch treatment efficiency and the radiation protection level are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of waste compaction, and more specifically, particularly relates to a radioactive solid waste treatment device. Background Art

[0002] The development of nuclear power plants plays an important role in promoting the transition to clean energy. Due to its high efficiency and low carbon characteristics, it helps to reduce the use of fossil fuels. However, with the rapid development of nuclear energy, the amount of radioactive solid waste accumulated and generated in my country is increasing, and its volume has reached the level of 10,000 cubic meters. Therefore, the safe management of nuclear waste is an important challenge facing the nuclear industry. Overpressure reduction can be used to increase the density of waste, eliminate voids in the waste and reduce the volume. Among them, the overpressure machine is the core equipment of the overpressure process. It plays an important role in waste reduction and is one of the key links in achieving waste minimization. The volume of the waste package after volume reduction can meet the requirement proposed by my country's regulatory authorities that the annual radioactive waste generation of the million-kilowatt units at the coastal site should not exceed 50m 3 For example, the radioactive waste treatment center of Tianwan Nuclear Power Station in my country has been successfully put into use, which can treat low- and medium-level radioactive wastes such as waste resin, evaporation residue and dry waste generated during the operation of the whole plant.

[0003] At present, the existing compactors for radioactive solid waste volume reduction have the following deficiencies in use: (1) Compression rebound and barrel cake cone bottom problems. After the compaction barrel containing solid waste is compressed into a cake shape, due to the elastic deformation of the waste, a rebound phenomenon will occur. If the compression pressure is too high and the pressure holding time is insufficient, the bottom of the barrel cake is prone to form a "cone bottom", especially plastic products, which may even damage the compaction barrel and cause radioactive leakage. (2) Secondary pollution risk. Radioactive dust, aerosols or debris may be generated during the compaction process. If there is no perfect sealing and filtering system, it will cause radioactive contamination in the operation area, endangering the health of workers and environmental safety. (3) Barrel cake jam problem. In order to prevent radioactive gas and aerosol contamination generated when compressing steel barrels and to avoid excessive radial compression deformation of the barrel cake, the barrel cake is usually placed in a sleeve for restriction. However, if the radial compression deformation of the barrel cake is too large, the barrel cake may be jammed in the sleeve, that is, the barrel cake cannot be unloaded as the sleeve rises and falls. The above problems may lead to leakage of radioactive materials, pollution of the operation area, endangering the health of workers and environmental safety, and seriously affecting the effectiveness and safety of waste treatment.

[0004] Patent No. 201711246754.5 uses a cutting head to cut and crush the internal waste in the compaction chamber to improve the compactness of the waste after compaction. In fact, nuclear waste has undergone batch processing such as sorting and crushing under better protection conditions before loading into the barrel, but the patent performs secondary cutting on the waste, which increases the difficulty of protection and the risk of secondary pollution, and is not conducive to batch processing. Patent No. 201910614961.4 punches the steel barrel containing radioactive solid waste into a cake shape to the greatest extent through the action of segmented double stamping. However, the patent does not consider the problem of barrel cake jam in the inner cavity of the die of the steel barrel to be pressed. Patent No. 202110481605.7 uses a multi-beam mechanism to take two steps of pre-compression and deep compression to ensure better compression of the steel barrel. In addition, a hook is used to lift the containing cylinder to allow the barrel cake to detach. However, there is a gap between the middle crossbeam and the pressure head in this patent, and the applied pressures are different, the upper surface of the pressed cake will be deformed by pressure difference or even sheared and broken; in addition, if the porosity of the waste in the middle is large and the porosity of the edge is small, deep compression of the middle may cause the pressure head to be directly pressed into the barrel cake.

[0005] Based on the limitations and shortcomings of existing technologies, there is an urgent need to develop a radioactive solid waste treatment device that can reduce the risks of cone bottom rebound, secondary contamination and jamming during the volume reduction of radioactive waste by optimizing the compaction process, improving the equipment structure and enhancing the sealing performance, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of nuclear waste batch treatment, thereby better meeting the requirements of nuclear waste management and promoting the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a radioactive solid waste treatment device, which aims to compact the steel barrel containing radioactive solid waste into a cake shape to the maximum extent, and can effectively reduce the risks of cone bottom rebound, secondary contamination and jamming, thereby ensuring the volume reduction efficiency and nuclear protection safety in the process of radioactive solid waste treatment.

[0007] The embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a radioactive solid waste treatment device, comprising:

[0009] A feeding robot for placing steel drums containing radioactive solid waste into the area to be pressed; a super press body for compacting and reducing the volume of the steel drums into steel cakes; a discharging robot for moving the steel cakes out of the super press body; and an electronic control system for controlling the operation of the super press and realizing automated operations of the feeding, compacting, discharging and other processes;

[0010] The super compressor body comprises:

[0011] A rack for providing an installation foundation and supporting bearing functions, an opening and closing window for radioactive aerosol isolation and airtight operation area, a hydraulic system for providing a power source for high-pressure compaction of steel drums, an upper pressure head assembly for contacting and high-pressure extrusion of the steel drums, a guide column for guiding the movement of the upper pressure head assembly, a lower bearing plate for supporting the steel drum to be compressed and bearing the compression force, a lower positioning and unplugging assembly for positioning the steel drum and assisting in unloading when the steel cake is stuck, a drilling mechanical arm for drilling holes in the steel drum at predetermined positions to facilitate the release of internal gas, a fine dust blowing mechanical arm for removing metal fine dust generated during the drilling and compaction process, a vacuum pump for vacuuming to gather fine particles, and a HEPA high-efficiency filter for filtering fine particles to prevent aerosol nuclear contamination;

[0012] The upper pressure head assembly comprises:

[0013] A hydraulic plate for vertical displacement and pressure transmission, a pressure head for direct contact and pressure on the steel drum, a sleeve for limiting radial compression deformation of the drum cake, and an electromagnetic induction heating assembly for heating the radioactive solid waste in the steel drum to meet the compaction process requirements.

[0014] In this scheme, the opening and closing window is hingedly mounted on the frame, and forms a closed cavity by cooperating with the frame; the hydraulic rod in the hydraulic system is fixedly connected to the upper pressure head assembly, and is used to provide a high-pressure driving force to enable the upper pressure head assembly to perform a downward pressing operation; the guide column is fixedly connected to the frame, and is used to guide the upper pressure head assembly to perform non-offset reciprocating movement; the lower bearing plate is fixedly mounted on the frame and is cooperatively mounted directly below the upper pressure head assembly, and is used to support the steel barrel and provide supporting force; the lower positioning and unplugging assembly is movably matched with the lower bearing plate, and is controlled by the hydraulic system to realize telescopic movement.

[0015] In this solution, the drilling robot arm is installed on the frame, the fine chip blowing robot arm is arranged on the opposite side of the drilling robot arm and is connected to the external high-pressure nitrogen supply system through a pipeline; the vacuum pump is connected to the cavity of the frame through a pipeline, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter is connected to the output end of the vacuum pump.

[0016] In this solution, the pressure head is fixedly connected to the hydraulic plate, the sleeve is concentrically sleeved with the pressure head, the sleeve is connected to the hydraulic plate through a spring and a shock absorber, and the electromagnetic induction heating component is arranged on the periphery of the sleeve.

[0017] In this solution, the lower positioning and unloading plug assembly is matched with the lower bearing plate through a magnetic fluid sealing structure.

[0018] The present invention provides a method for treating radioactive solid waste, which adopts a radioactive solid waste treatment device for treatment, and comprises the following steps:

[0019] S1: Steel drum lifting and pre-treatment, including:

[0020] The steel drum is hoisted from the transport roller to the designated location by a steel drum transport crane; the steel drum transport crane is equipped with a special grabber for the steel drum to ensure that the steel drum is stable and safe during the hoisting process; the steel drum is transferred to a high-frequency electric vibration table for vibration operation, which is used to shake the radioactive solid waste inside the steel drum to make it evenly distributed;

[0021] S2: Steel drum positioning and drilling, including:

[0022] The fine dust blowing robot arm cleans the lower carrying plate; the lower positioning and unloading plug assembly adjusts the length of the movable telescopic part to match the positioning of the steel drum and then retracts; the feeding robot accurately places the steel drum containing radioactive solid waste into the waiting area; the opening and closing window is controlled to close to seal the working area, and the vacuum pump is immediately started to extract the generated radioactive gas and aerosol and discharge them into the ventilation system after being filtered by the HEPA high-efficiency filter;

[0023] S3: Steel drum compression, including:

[0024] Entering the overpressure stage, the upper pressure head assembly starts to move downward, driving the sleeve to descend synchronously; the sleeve is gradually and completely inserted into the steel drum; the hydraulic plate continues to drive the pressure head to move downward, axially compressing the steel drum, and finally compressing the steel drum into a barrel cake shape;

[0025] S4: Bucket cake unloading, including:

[0026] Entering the unloading stage, the sleeve and the pressure head move upward to a predetermined position, and the opening and closing window is controlled to open; the discharging manipulator moves the steel cake out of the super press body onto the transport roller;

[0027] S5: Barrel cake detection, including:

[0028] The barrel cake is sent to the inspection area through the conveyor roller, and the surface is inspected by the visual damage detection module, and then transferred to the radiation measurement table for radiation measurement. Then the surface of the barrel cake is marked by the laser marking table, and the height data is collected by the height detection equipment.

[0029] S6: Barrel cake selection and storage, including:

[0030] The barrel cake transport crane transports the barrel cake to the designated workstation on the barrel cake optimization table. Each workstation on the barrel cake optimization table is equipped with a precise positioning device. After the optimization operation, the barrel cake is loaded into a 200L steel barrel and then transported to the designated storage location through special transfer equipment for cement fixing operation.

[0031] In the present scheme, the S3 step also includes when the steel barrel is compressed into a barrel cake shape, the pressure head maintains the pressure for n minutes, n is a real number greater than 20, and at the same time the electromagnetic induction heating component heats the radioactive solid waste in the steel cake to reduce the elastic rebound of the radioactive solid waste; after cooling for m minutes, m is a real number greater than 10, entering the unloading stage.

[0032] In this solution, the S4 step also includes if the barrel cake is stuck in the sleeve, the lower positioning unplug assembly rises and supports the bottom of the sleeve to allow sufficient unloading space at the bottom of the barrel cake, and then the stuck barrel cake is pressed down by applying downward pressure through the pressure head.

[0033] In this scheme, the preferred operation in the S6 step refers to the height detection equipment transmitting the height data of the steel cake to the electronic control system; performing height combination on all the pressed cakes temporarily stored on the barrel cake optimization table, and performing the barrel filling operation on the maximum height combination that is less than or equal to the height of the 200L steel barrel.

[0034] The steps for performing the barrel filling operation on the maximum height combination less than or equal to the height of the 200L steel barrel are:

[0035] The first step is to take the height data of one steel cake each time, a total of C p 1 =p combinations and record height data {h1,h2,...,h p}, detect all C p 1 Are the heights in all greater than h? 200L ,h 200L It is the height of a 200L steel drum. If yes, it will prompt the staff that the drum cannot be filled. If no, it will proceed to the next step.

[0036] The second step is to take the combined height data of two steel cakes each time, a total of C p 2 =p·(p-1) / (2·1) ​​combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detect all C p 2 Is the total height of all greater than h? 200L If yes, then prompt the staff to p 1 Take the value less than or equal to h 200L The barrel cake combination with the maximum height is loaded into the barrel. If not, proceed to the next step;

[0037] In the kth step, take the combined height data of k steel cakes each time, k ≥ 3, a total of C p k =p·(p-1)·...·(p-k+1) / (k·(k-1)·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detect all C p k Is the total height of all greater than h? 200L If yes, then prompt the staff to p 1 , C p 2 ,...,C p k-1 Among all combinations, select one that is less than or equal to h 200L The barrel cake combination with the maximum height is loaded into the barrel. If not, proceed to the next step;

[0038] In the k+1th step, the combined height data of k+1 steel cakes are taken each time, a total of C p k+1 =p·(p-1)·...·(pk) / ((k+1)·k·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, and detect all C p k+1 The total height is greater than h 200L , prompting staff to p 1 , C p 1 ,...,C p k Among all combinations, select one that is less than or equal to h 200L The barrel cake combination with the maximum height is used for barrel filling.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] First, the present invention not only realizes efficient compression of steel drums through the unique design of upper pressure head assembly, combined with hydraulic system and electromagnetic induction heating assembly, but also limits the deformation of drum cake through radial sleeve, increases compaction accuracy and provides stability. At the same time, the electromagnetic induction heating assembly heats the internal radioactive solid waste, which improves the adaptability and efficiency of the compaction process. This multifunctional design effectively solves the problems of steel drum rebound and insufficient compression, and greatly improves the volume reduction effect.

[0041] Second, the present invention solves the safety hazards caused by the poor release of internal gas and the secondary pollution caused by the accumulation of metal chips in the traditional operation process by integrating the drilling robot arm and the fine chip blowing robot arm into the super press. Before the steel drum is compacted, the drilling robot arm is responsible for precise drilling and releasing the internal gas; while the fine chip blowing robot arm uses high-pressure nitrogen to clean the metal chips generated during the volume reduction process, thereby effectively preventing the fine chips from polluting the equipment and the surrounding environment. Combined with the vacuum pump and the HEPA filter, the isolation and filtration of aerosol fine particles are further realized, ensuring the emission safety of nuclear contaminated particles and the cleanliness of the operating environment, improving the degree of automation of the compaction process, and significantly reducing operational risks and manual participation, ensuring safety and work efficiency.

[0042] Third, in order to solve the jamming problem that may occur during the compression and unloading of the barrel cake, the present invention designs a lower positioning unplugging assembly, which cooperates with the pressure head to apply additional downward pressure after supporting the bottom of the sleeve by lifting the assembly to ensure smooth unloading of the jammed barrel cake and avoid equipment shutdown or damage caused by jamming, thereby improving the operating efficiency and safety of the production line.

[0043] Fourth, the batch compaction tooling production line of the present invention achieves close connection and high automation between multiple processes, covering the lifting, positioning, compression, unloading, detection, optimization and storage of steel drums. During the optimization operation, the height detection equipment can transmit the height data to the electronic control system to realize the intelligent combination of height data, thereby ensuring the effective use of the storage space of the 200L steel drum. At the same time, through the coordinated work of the visual damage detection module and the radiation measurement station, it has precise screening and marking functions. The system design significantly improves the automation level of the production line, reduces human participation and safety risks, and meets the high efficiency and high safety requirements for radioactive solid waste treatment.

[0044] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a radioactive solid waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a super compressor body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the lower positioning plug removal assembly assisting the positioning of the steel drum according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the lower positioning plug removal assembly of the embodiment of the present invention assisting in unloading of the steel cake when it is stuck;

[0050] Figure 5 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a radioactive solid waste treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] In the figure: 1. Feeding robot; 2. Super press body; 21. Frame; 22. Opening and closing window; 23. Hydraulic system; 24. Upper pressure head assembly; 241. Hydraulic plate; 242. Pressure head; 243. Sleeve; 244. Electromagnetic induction heating assembly; 25. Guide column; 26. Lower bearing plate; 27. Lower positioning and unloading plug assembly; 28. Drilling robot arm; 29. ​​Fine chip blowing robot arm; 210. Vacuum pump; 211. HEPA high-efficiency filter; 3. Discharging robot; 4. Electronic control system; 5. Steel drum transport crane; 6. High-frequency electric vibration table; 7. Visual damage detection module; 8. Radiation measurement table; 9. Laser marking table; 10. Height detection equipment; 11. Bucket cake transport crane; 12. Bucket cake selection table; 13. 200L steel drum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which several embodiments of the present invention are provided, but the present invention may be implemented in different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in the text. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description and structural dimensions of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but are merely representative of selected embodiments of the present invention.

[0053] The technical solutions provided by various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0054] The basic structure of the super press used for radioactive solid waste volume reduction in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, it is designed to achieve efficient treatment, compaction and volume reduction of solid radioactive waste, including:

[0055] A feeding manipulator 1 is provided to safely and efficiently transport the steel drum containing the radioactive solid waste to the area to be compacted, and to achieve precise positioning, thereby providing a pre-guarantee for the subsequent compaction operation;

[0056] Equipped with a super press body 2, which uses high pressure to strongly compact the steel drums put in, and reduces the volume of the radioactive solid waste in the drums by compression, thereby forming a dense steel cake for subsequent processing and storage;

[0057] A discharging manipulator 3 is provided, whose main function is to reliably remove the pressed steel cake from the super press body 2 to ensure the smooth progress of the entire volume reduction process;

[0058] It also integrates an integrated electronic control system 4, which is responsible for controlling the overall operation of the super press. Its automated design can realize the whole process operation control from feeding, compacting to discharging of radioactive waste, greatly improving the working efficiency and operation safety of the equipment, reducing the manual intervention links, reducing radiation risks, and protecting the personal health of workers.

[0059] In one embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the super compressor body 2 includes the following components:

[0060] A frame 21 is provided to provide an installation foundation and support for the entire super press. The frame 21 has sufficient rigidity and durability to bear the high pressure and weight generated during the operation of the super press, and is also the main body for installing other components. An opening and closing window 22 is also installed on the frame 21 to achieve a closed operation area. The opening and closing window 22 is fixed to the frame 21 in a hinged manner, and forms a closed operation chamber through cooperation with the frame 21 to isolate radioactive aerosols and ensure the safety of operators. The opening and closing window 22 realizes flexible switching based on operational needs and effectively prevents nuclear aerosol contamination leakage. With the hydraulic system 23 as the power core, the device has a strong high-pressure compaction capability. The hydraulic system 23 is equipped with a set of high-efficiency hydraulic rods to drive the upper pressure head assembly 24 to complete the high-pressure downward operation. The hydraulic rod is fixedly connected to the upper pressure head assembly 24 to provide a stable operation. The upper pressure head assembly 24 is used to directly contact the steel drum to be processed and implement high-pressure extrusion forming operations; the guide column 25 is fixedly arranged on the frame 21, providing a precise motion guiding function to ensure that the upper pressure head assembly 24 maintains a straight displacement without offset during the up and down movement, thereby ensuring the uniformity and accuracy of the compression operation; the lower bearing plate 26 is fixedly installed in the core area of ​​the frame 21 as a supporting platform, directly opposite to the bottom of the upper pressure head assembly 24, for carrying the steel drum to be compressed, and providing a strong compressive support force to ensure the stability of the compression process; the lower positioning and unplugging assembly 27 is designed as a telescopic movable structure, which can be matched with the lower bearing plate 26. Through the control of the hydraulic system 23, the lower positioning and unplugging assembly 27 can realize telescopic movement, which plays an important role in the positioning of the steel drum and the unloading process of the steel cake after compaction, ensuring that the steel drum is accurately positioned and the jammed steel cake is removed smoothly.

[0061] Furthermore, the super compressor body 2 also includes the following components:

[0062] Before high-pressure compaction, the super press is also equipped with a precision drilling robot arm 28, which is fixedly installed at an appropriate position of the frame 21. Its design purpose is to perform drilling operations on the steel drum at a predetermined position, thereby releasing the gas that may remain inside the steel drum to reduce the risk of explosion. Correspondingly, the fine dust blowing robot arm 29 is installed on the opposite side of the drilling robot arm 28 to clean the metal fine dust generated during the drilling process. This fine dust blowing robot arm 29 is connected to an external high-pressure nitrogen supply system, and the fine dust is effectively removed by the blowing action of high-pressure nitrogen to prevent it from affecting the subsequent compaction operation.

[0063] Furthermore, the super compressor body 2 may also include the following components:

[0064] In order to further ensure the radioactive protection effect of the working area, the design also integrates a vacuum pump 210 and a HEPA high-efficiency filter 211; the vacuum pump 210 is connected to the closed cavity in the frame 21 through a pipeline, and its function is to evacuate the cavity and collect fine particles generated during the operation; the output end of the vacuum pump 210 is connected to the HEPA high-efficiency filter 211, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter 211 can completely filter the fine particles from the discharged gas to prevent aerosol nuclear contamination, thereby further improving the safety of the operation. HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) high-efficiency filter is a filter that can effectively capture and filter tiny particles in the air. According to the standard, the HEPA filter can capture at least 99.97% of particles with a diameter of 0.3 microns and above, including dust, pollen, smoke, bacteria, viruses and other fine pollutants.

[0065] In one embodiment, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the upper pressure head assembly 24 includes: a hydraulic plate 241 for vertical displacement and pressure transmission, a pressure head 242 for directly contacting the steel barrel and applying pressure, a sleeve 243 for compressing and deforming the barrel cake in the radial direction and providing a limiting effect, and an electromagnetic induction heating assembly 244 for heating the radioactive solid waste contained in the steel barrel to meet the compaction process requirements.

[0066] Furthermore, the pressure head 242 is fixedly mounted on the hydraulic plate 241, and can apply stable pressure to the steel drum with the help of the vertical movement of the hydraulic plate 241, thereby realizing the function of compacting the waste inside the steel drum; the sleeve 243 is coaxially sleeved with the pressure head 242, and its position design ensures that the steel drum is subject to radial compression deformation during the compaction process, thereby avoiding irregular distortion of the steel drum under the action of vertical pressure. The sleeve 243 is reliably connected to the hydraulic plate 241 through springs and shock absorbers. This design can effectively absorb and alleviate the vibration shock generated during the pressure transmission process, thereby improving the stability and durability of the equipment; the electromagnetic induction heating component 244 is arranged on the outer periphery of the sleeve 243, and is responsible for uniformly heating the radioactive solid waste in the steel drum, so that the waste can better meet the compaction process requirements in the heated and softened state, thereby further improving the overall work efficiency and effect.

[0067] In one embodiment, the lower positioning and unloading plug assembly 27 is matched with the lower bearing plate 26 through a magnetic fluid sealing structure. The magnetic fluid sealing structure utilizes the special physical properties of magnetic fluid to provide a highly reliable sealing effect in both static and dynamic conditions; magnetic fluid is a type of material that exhibits liquid-like but magnetic behavior under the action of an external magnetic field. It is usually composed of nano-scale ferromagnetic particles dispersed in a carrier liquid, and a suitable surfactant is added to prevent the particles from agglomerating. Permanent magnets are arranged around the sealing cavity in the magnetic fluid sealing structure. The magnetic field forms a closed magnetic circuit along the sealing part. The magnetic fluid is strongly attracted and concentrated at the sealing part under the action of the magnetic field, and a stable liquid sealing ring is formed through the constraint of magnetic force. This liquid sealing ring can not only adapt to the high precision of the mechanical device, but also maintain the sealing performance with the slight movement of the component.

[0068] Compared with patent number 202311685416.7, this patent uses the main drive and the auxiliary drive to drive the pressure head and the mold respectively during compaction, and solves the barrel cake jam problem by first raising the mold and then raising the pressure head. However, the system complexity increases, and there are coordination problems with the dual hydraulic drive system, which not only raises the threshold for equipment design and manufacturing, but also increases the difficulty of maintenance and troubleshooting. In addition, the patent only mentions the lifting and lowering movement of the pressure head and the mold, which has relatively single functions and stronger limitations, and there are no auxiliary measures such as heating treatment. When compacting radioactive solid waste, the waste may not reach a sufficient thermal softening state, which is not conducive to further improving the compression efficiency and effect. In particular, it cannot solve the problem that plastic products are prone to elastic deformation during compression due to their large elasticity, and are prone to compression rebound after removing the external force or leaving it for a period of time, thereby destroying the sealing structure of the compressed barrel cake.

[0069] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a batch compaction tooling production line for radioactive solid waste volume reduction, and its process flow is as follows:

[0070] S1: Steel drum lifting and pre-treatment, including:

[0071] The steel drum is hoisted from the transport roller to the designated location by the steel drum transport crane 5; the steel drum transport crane 5 is equipped with a special grabber for the steel drum to ensure that the steel drum is stable and safe during the hoisting process; the steel drum is transferred to the high-frequency electric vibration table 6 for vibration operation, which is used to shake the radioactive solid waste inside the steel drum to make it evenly distributed;

[0072] S2: Steel drum positioning and drilling, including:

[0073] The fine dust blowing robot arm 29 cleans the lower carrier plate 26; Figure 3 It is understood that the lower positioning and unloading plug assembly 27 adjusts the length of the movable telescopic part to match the positioning of the steel drum and then retracts; the feeding robot 1 accurately places the steel drum containing radioactive solid waste into the waiting area; the opening and closing window 22 is controlled to close to seal the working area, and the vacuum pump 210 is immediately started to extract the generated radioactive gas and aerosol and discharge them into the ventilation system after being filtered by the HEPA high-efficiency filter 211;

[0074] S3: Steel drum compression, including:

[0075] Entering the overpressure stage, the upper pressure head assembly 24 starts to move downward, driving the sleeve 243 to descend synchronously; the sleeve 243 is gradually and completely inserted into the steel drum; the hydraulic plate 241 continues to drive the pressure head 242 to move downward, axially compressing the steel drum, and finally compressing the steel drum into a barrel cake shape;

[0076] S4: Bucket cake unloading, including:

[0077] Entering the unloading stage, the sleeve 243 and the pressure head 242 move upward to the predetermined position, and the opening and closing window 22 is controlled to open; the discharging manipulator 3 moves the steel cake out of the super press body 2 to the transport roller;

[0078] S5: Barrel cake detection, including:

[0079] The barrel cake is sent to the inspection area through the conveyor roller, and the surface is inspected by the visual damage detection module 7, and then transferred to the radiation measurement table 8 for radiation measurement, and then the surface of the barrel cake is marked by the laser marking table 9, and then the height data is collected by the height detection device 10;

[0080] S6: Barrel cake selection and storage, including:

[0081] The barrel cake transport crane 11 transports the barrel cake to the designated workstation on the barrel cake optimization platform 12. Each workstation on the barrel cake optimization platform 12 is equipped with a precise positioning device. After the optimization operation, the barrel cake is loaded into a 200L steel drum 13 and then transported to the designated storage location through special transfer equipment for cement fixing operation.

[0082] The visual damage detection module 7 conducts a comprehensive inspection of the surface of the radioactive compressed barrel cake through a high-resolution camera and advanced image processing algorithms; first, the module will take an all-round picture of the barrel cake to obtain detailed images of its surface; then, through image processing technology, the module can automatically identify surface defects such as cracks, scratches, dents or contamination and other abnormal conditions; during the processing, the system will compare with the preset standard model, provide timely feedback on the test results, and identify areas with problems.

[0083] The radiation measuring station 8 is equipped with highly sensitive radiation detectors, such as Geiger counters or scintillation detectors, which can monitor the release of radioactive materials in real time; during the detection process, the detectors will scan the surface and surrounding areas of the barrel cake to obtain detailed radiation data. The detectors can effectively identify different types of radiation, including alpha, beta and gamma radiation, and display their radiation intensity and energy levels; to ensure the accuracy of the detection, the measuring station may also be equipped with radiation protection shielding to reduce the impact of background radiation and improve the reliability of the measurement results. In addition, the radiation measuring station is usually connected to a computer system to record and analyze radiation counts through data acquisition software. These data are not only used for real-time monitoring, but can also be archived for subsequent analysis and safety assessment.

[0084] The laser marking station 9 will locate the surface of the barrel cake and mark it according to the preset parameters. The marking content includes but is not limited to the unique identification code of the radioactive barrel cake, production date, radiation level, storage requirements and related safety warning information, etc. This information is crucial for subsequent tracking, management and safe use.

[0085] The height detection device 10 detects the surface of the radioactive compressed barrel cake through non-contact measurement technology. The device uses laser scanning or optical sensors to quickly capture the height changes and shape characteristics of the barrel cake surface. The system generates an accurate height map by analyzing the data of multiple measurement points to determine whether its surface shape meets the standard specifications.

[0086] As a preferred embodiment, the S3 step also includes that when the steel drum is compressed into a barrel cake shape, the pressure head 242 will continue to apply pressure to the steel drum and maintain the pressure-holding state for not less than n minutes, wherein n is a real number greater than 20, preferably n=20. The purpose of this pressure-holding process is to further enhance the compression effect and ensure the stability of the barrel cake shape; during this process, the electromagnetic induction heating component 244 is started at the same time to perform efficient heat treatment on the radioactive solid waste inside the steel cake, and reduce the elastic rebound characteristics of the waste by heating, thereby increasing the durability and density of the compression. After the pressure holding is completed, the steel cake needs to be naturally cooled or forcibly cooled, and the cooling time is not less than m minutes, wherein m is a real number greater than 10, preferably m=10. This cooling stage helps to readjust the internal structure of the material and further improve the stability and sealing of the steel cake; after the cooling is completed, the unloading stage can be entered, and the S3 step is terminated. The whole process not only improves the safety of the treatment, but also effectively reduces certain risks in the long-term storage of radioactive waste.

[0087] As a preferred implementation, please follow Figure 4 It is understood that the S4 step also includes that if the barrel cake is stuck in the sleeve 243, the lower positioning unplug assembly 27 will automatically rise and accurately support the bottom of the sleeve 243 to keep the sleeve 243 stable, while reserving sufficient unloading space for the bottom of the barrel cake. The purpose of this operation is to ensure that no additional damage is caused to the sleeve 243 or the barrel cake in the process of solving the jam problem; then, downward pressure is applied by the pressure head 242, and the stuck barrel cake is pressed out of the sleeve 243 with uniform force. During this process, the pressure size and direction of the pressure head 242 will be monitored by the system to ensure that the force application process is smooth and accurate, and to avoid deformation or damage of the barrel cake due to uneven pressure; after the pressure head 242 completes the pressing action, the barrel cake will be smoothly discharged from the sleeve 243 through the unloading channel, thereby realizing an automated solution to the problem of barrel cake jam, improving production efficiency, and reducing the frequency of manual intervention and operational risks.

[0088] As a preferred implementation, the preferred operation in step S6 is that the height detection device 10 transmits the height data of the steel cake to the electronic control system 4; performs height combination on all the pressed cakes temporarily stored on the barrel cake selection table 12, and performs barrel loading operation on the maximum height combination less than or equal to the height of the 200L steel barrel. Specifically,

[0089] Assume that the height of the 200L steel drum 13 is h 200L , read the height data of p steel cakes {h1,h2,...,h p};

[0090] The first step is to take one steel cake at a time, a total of C p 1=p combinations and record height data to detect all C p 1 Are the heights in all greater than h? 200L If yes, the staff will be prompted that the barrel filling cannot be completed. If no, proceed to the next step;

[0091] Step 2: Take two steel cakes each time, a total of C p 2 =p·(p-1) / (2·1) ​​combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detect all C p 2 Is the total height of all greater than h? 200L If yes, then prompt the staff to p 1 Take the value less than or equal to h 200L The barrel cake combination with the maximum height is loaded into the barrel. If not, proceed to the next step;

[0092] Until the kth step, take k steel cakes each time, a total of C p k =p·(p-1)·...·(p-k+1) / (k·(k-1)·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detect all C p k Is the total height of all greater than h? 200L If yes, then prompt the staff to p 1 , C p 2 ,...,C p k-1 Among all combinations, select one that is less than or equal to h 200L The barrel cake combination with the maximum height is loaded into the barrel. If not, proceed to the next step;

[0093] Finally, at step k+1, k+1 steel cakes are taken each time, for a total of C p k+1 =p·(p-1)·...·(pk) / ((k+1)·k·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, and detect all C p k+1 The total height is greater than h 200L , prompting staff to p 1 , C p 1 ,...,C p k Among all combinations, select one that is less than or equal to h 200L The barrel cake combination with the maximum height is used for barrel filling.

[0094] The present invention effectively improves the compression efficiency of steel drums through the unique design of the upper pressure head assembly 24, combined with hydraulic and electromagnetic induction heating, especially reducing the rebound of plastic by thermal softening; the sleeve 243 limits the radial deformation of the barrel cake and improves the compaction accuracy; the integrated drilling robot arm 28 and the fine chip blowing robot arm 29 solve the problems of poor gas release and metal fine chip contamination in traditional operations; the vacuum pump 210 and the HEPA high-efficiency filter 211 further ensure the safety and cleanliness of the operating environment; in response to the problem of barrel cake jamming, the designed lower positioning and unplugging assembly 27 ensures smooth unloading and improves equipment efficiency; the batch compaction tooling production line is highly automated, covering lifting, positioning, compression and other links, and through the intelligent height detection and visual detection modules, the automation level and safety of the production line are significantly improved to meet the high-efficiency requirements of radioactive solid waste treatment.

[0095] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the schematic diagram of the present invention includes these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A radioactive solid waste treatment device, characterized in that: include: The super press body is used to compact and reduce the volume of the steel drum into steel cakes; The super press body includes: a frame for providing an installation foundation and supporting bearing functions, a front opening and closing window and a rear opening and closing window for isolating radioactive aerosols and sealing the operation area, a hydraulic system for providing a power source for high-pressure compaction operations of steel barrels, an upper pressure head assembly for contacting and high-pressure extruding the steel barrels, a guide column for guiding the movement of the upper pressure head assembly, a lower bearing plate for supporting the steel barrel to be compressed and bearing the compression force, a lower positioning and unplugging assembly for positioning the steel barrel and assisting in unloading when the steel cake is stuck, a drilling mechanical arm for drilling holes in the steel barrel at predetermined positions to facilitate the release of internal gas, and a A fine dust blowing mechanical arm for removing metal fine dust generated during drilling and compaction, a vacuum pump for vacuuming to gather fine particles, and a HEPA high-efficiency filter for filtering fine particles to prevent aerosol nuclear contamination; the hydraulic system is connected to the upper pressure head assembly to drive the upper pressure head assembly for high-pressure extrusion; the upper pressure head assembly includes: a hydraulic plate for vertical displacement and pressure transmission, a pressure head for direct contact and pressure on the steel drum, a sleeve for radial compression deformation restriction of the drum cake, and an electromagnetic induction heating assembly for heating the radioactive solid waste in the steel drum to meet the compaction process requirements; A feeding manipulator, used for placing a steel drum containing radioactive solid waste into the waiting area through the front opening and closing window; The discharging robot is used to move the steel cake out of the super press body through the rear opening and closing window.

2. A radioactive solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front opening and closing window and the rear opening and closing window are hingedly mounted on the frame, and form a closed cavity by cooperating with the frame; the lower positioning and unloading plug assembly is movably matched with the lower bearing plate, and is controlled by the hydraulic system to realize telescopic movement.

3. A radioactive solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling robot arm is installed on the frame, the fine chip blowing robot arm is arranged on the opposite side of the drilling robot arm and is connected to the external high-pressure nitrogen supply system through a pipeline; the vacuum pump is connected to the cavity of the frame through a pipeline, and the HEPA high-efficiency filter is connected to the output end of the vacuum pump.

4. A radioactive solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure head is fixedly connected to the hydraulic plate, the sleeve is concentric with the pressure head, the sleeve is connected to the hydraulic plate through a spring and a shock absorber, and the electromagnetic induction heating component is arranged on the periphery of the sleeve.

5. The radioactive solid waste treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower positioning and unloading plug assembly is matched with the lower bearing plate through a magnetic fluid sealing structure.

6. A method for treating solid radioactive waste according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Steel drum lifting and pre-treatment, including: The steel drum is hoisted from the transport roller to the designated location by a steel drum transport crane; the steel drum transport crane is equipped with a special grabber for the steel drum to ensure that the steel drum is stable and safe during the hoisting process; the steel drum is transferred to a high-frequency electric vibration table for vibration operation, which is used to shake the radioactive solid waste inside the steel drum to make it evenly distributed; S2: Steel drum positioning and drilling, including: The fine dust blowing robot arm cleans the lower carrying plate; the lower positioning and unloading plug assembly adjusts the length of the movable telescopic part to match the positioning of the steel drum and then retracts; the feeding robot accurately places the steel drum containing radioactive solid waste into the waiting area; the opening and closing window is controlled to close to seal the working area, and the vacuum pump is immediately started to extract the generated radioactive gas and aerosol and discharge them into the ventilation system after being filtered by the HEPA high-efficiency filter; S3: Steel drum compression, including: Entering the overpressure stage, the upper pressure head assembly starts to move downward, driving the sleeve to descend synchronously; the sleeve is gradually and completely inserted into the steel drum; the hydraulic plate continues to drive the pressure head to move downward, axially compressing the steel drum, and finally compressing the steel drum into a barrel cake shape; S4: Bucket cake unloading, including: Entering the unloading stage, the sleeve and the pressure head move upward to a predetermined position, and the opening and closing window is controlled to open; the discharging manipulator moves the steel cake out of the super press body onto the transport roller; S5: Barrel cake detection, including: The barrel cake is sent to the inspection area through the conveyor roller, and the surface is inspected by the visual damage detection module, and then transferred to the radiation measurement table for radiation measurement. Then the surface of the barrel cake is marked by the laser marking table, and the height data is collected by the height detection equipment. S6: Barrel cake selection and storage, including: The barrel cake transport crane transports the barrel cake to the designated workstation on the barrel cake optimization table. Each workstation on the barrel cake optimization table is equipped with a precise positioning device. After the optimization operation, the barrel cake is loaded into a 200L steel barrel and then transported to the designated storage location through special transfer equipment for cement fixing operation.

7. The processing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S3 step also includes that when the steel barrel is compressed into a barrel cake shape, the pressure head maintains the pressure for n minutes, where n is a real number greater than 20, and at the same time the electromagnetic induction heating component heats the radioactive solid waste in the steel cake to reduce the elastic rebound of the radioactive solid waste; after cooling for m minutes, where m is a real number greater than 10, the unloading stage is entered.

8. The processing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The S4 step also includes that if the barrel cake is stuck in the sleeve, the lower positioning unplug assembly rises and supports the bottom of the sleeve to allow sufficient unloading space at the bottom of the barrel cake, and then the stuck barrel cake is pressed down by applying downward pressure through the pressure head.

9. The processing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preferred operation in the S6 step refers to the height detection equipment transmitting the height data of the steel cake to the electronic control system; performing height combination on all the pressed cakes temporarily stored on the barrel cake selection table, and performing barrel filling operation on the maximum height combination that is less than or equal to the height of the 200L steel barrel.

10. The processing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The steps for performing the barrel filling operation on the maximum height combination less than or equal to the height of the 200L steel barrel are: The first step is to take the height data of one steel cake each time, a total of C p 1 =p combinations and record height data {h1,h2,...,h p }, detect all C p 1 Are the heights in all greater than h? 200L ,h 200L It is the height of a 200L steel drum. If yes, it will prompt the staff that the drum cannot be filled. If no, it will proceed to the next step. The second step is to take the combined height data of two steel cakes each time, a total of C p 2 =p·(p-1) / (2·1) ​​combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detect all C p 2 Is the total height of all greater than h? 200L If yes, then prompt the staff to p 1 Take the value less than or equal to h 200L The barrel cake combination with the maximum height is loaded into the barrel. If not, proceed to the next step; In the kth step, take the combined height data of k steel cakes each time, k ≥ 3, a total of C p k =p·(p-1)·...·(p-k+1) / (k·(k-1)·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, detect all C p k Is the total height of all greater than h? 200L If yes, the staff will be prompted to p 1 , C p 2 ,...,C p k-1 Among all combinations, select one that is less than or equal to h 200L The barrel cake combination with the maximum height is loaded into the barrel. If not, proceed to the next step; In the k+1th step, the combined height data of k+1 steel cakes are taken each time, a total of C p k+1 =p·(p-1)·...·(pk) / ((k+1)·k·...·1) combinations and record the total height data in each combination, and detect all C p k+1 The total height is greater than h 200L , prompting staff to p 1 , C p 1 ,...,C p k Among all combinations, select one that is less than or equal to h 200L The barrel cake combination with the maximum height is used for barrel filling.

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