Method for recovering vegetation of coal gangue mountain by using bamboo reed

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal gangue mountain vegetation restoration, in particular to a method for performing coal gangue mountain vegetation restoration by using bamboo reed. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: covering surface soil on the surface of the coal gangue, wherein the thickness of the surface soil is not less than 30cm; planting the bamboo reed after applying an organic fertilizer and a microbial compound inoculant in the surface soil; the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1-2 tons / mu, and the application amount of the compound microbial inoculant is 20-30 kg / mu. According to the restoration method, coal gangue mountain surface layer soil improvement and bamboo reed cultivation are combined, the restoration method is a new mode suitable for coal gangue mountain vegetation restoration, and a new way which is more convenient and easy to popularize and use can be provided for coal gangue mountain vegetation restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation restoration of coal gangue heaps, and in particular to a method for restoring vegetation of coal gangue heaps by utilizing Phragmites australis. Background Art

[0002] Gangue is the main solid waste in the process of coal mining and washing, accounting for about 10-30% of the mining volume. The disposal of gangue is a topic that the coal mining industry must face for high-quality development. Gangue stacking occupies a large amount of land, causing waste of land resources, destroying the geological structure of the mining area, and easily causing geological disasters such as surface collapse, cracks, and sinking. In recent years, although the comprehensive utilization rate of gangue has increased, most gangue is still filled in ditches and piled up on mountains. When in contact with air or natural leaching, it will produce spontaneous combustion or a large amount of acid mine wastewater, causing serious pollution to the ecological environment. Gangue mountains are composed of gangue and other rocks. Gangue mountains are characterized by large particle size, lack of soil, many holes and large spatial variation. This extremely harsh site condition makes the reclamation and greening of gangue mountains very difficult. Phragmites australis has the advantages of low ash content, high calorific value, high yield, strong carbon fixation and soil improvement capabilities. Phragmites australis also has multiple stress resistance characteristics such as resistance to salt and alkali, drought, waterlogging, heavy metals, and pests and diseases. It has a wide range of ecological adaptability under different climate, geological, soil and hydrological conditions. Phragmites australis is a plant that tolerates barrenness, has deep roots, grows rapidly, and has a large biomass. It has the ability to prevent wind and sand, retain water and soil, absorb pollutants and heavy metals, and effectively utilize coal mining wastewater. It is a pioneer plant for mine restoration. At present, no method has been found to use Phragmites australis for vegetation restoration of coal gangue heaps.

[0003] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for restoring vegetation on coal gangue heaps by using Phragmites australis.

[0005] Specifically, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides a method for restoring vegetation on a coal gangue mountain by using Phragmites australis, comprising: covering the surface of the coal gangue with topsoil, wherein the thickness of the topsoil is not less than 30 cm; and planting Phragmites australis after applying organic fertilizer and microbial composite bacterial agent to the topsoil; the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 1-2 tons / mu, and the amount of microbial composite bacterial agent applied is 20-30 kg / mu.

[0006] Preferably, the topsoil is loess and / or brown soil.

[0007] Preferably, the surface slope of the gangue after being covered with topsoil does not exceed 15°.

[0008] Preferably, Phyllostachys australis seedlings with a height of 20-30 cm are selected and hardened at the planting site for 10-15 days before planting.

[0009] Preferably, during the seedling hardening period, the roots of Phragmites australis seedlings are treated once with a 300-fold solution of supersensitive protease.

[0010] Preferably, the diameter of the planting hole of Phyllostachys australis is 20-30 cm, the depth is 15-20 cm, and the spacing between the planting holes is 80-120 cm.

[0011] Preferably, water the Phyllostachys australis immediately after planting, and the interval between the first two waterings is 5-7 days.

[0012] Preferably, the topdressing is a mixed fertilizer of urea and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio of urea to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer in the mixed fertilizer is 1-3:1.

[0013] Preferably, top dressing is performed 2-3 times in total, with the amount of top dressing applied each time being 30-50 g / plant.

[0014] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for using Phragmites australis to restore vegetation in a gangue mountain, comprising: covering the surface of the gangue with topsoil, the thickness of the topsoil being not less than 30 cm; applying organic fertilizer and microbial composite inoculants to the topsoil and then planting Phragmites australis; the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 1-2 tons / mu, and the amount of microbial composite inoculants applied is 20-30 kg / mu. The restoration method provided by the present invention combines the improvement of the surface soil of the gangue mountain with the cultivation of Phragmites australis, and is a new model suitable for the restoration of vegetation in the gangue mountain, which can provide a more convenient and easy-to-promote and practical new way for the restoration of vegetation in the gangue mountain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be described below.

[0016] Figure 1 The present invention is to cover the surface of the waste rock mountain with soil in Example 1.

[0017] Figure 2 The growth conditions of Phragmites australis at various stages in Example 1 of the present invention are shown.

[0018] Figure 3 The surface of the waste rock mountain is prepared according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is the planting and watering of Phragmites australis in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is the greening of a coal gangue mountain in Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention provides a method for using Phragmites australis to restore vegetation in a gangue mountain, including the steps of covering the surface of the gangue with soil, arranging the surface soil, and planting and managing Phragmites australis. The method provided by the present invention combines the improvement of the surface soil of the gangue mountain with the cultivation of Phragmites australis, and is a new model suitable for the restoration of vegetation in a gangue mountain, which can provide a more convenient and easy-to-promote and practical new way for the restoration of vegetation in a gangue mountain.

[0022] In a more specific embodiment, the present invention provides a method for vegetation restoration of coal gangue heaps using Phragmites australis, comprising the following steps: (1) Surface covering of coal gangue pile According to the terrain, the surface of the gangue mountain is leveled. When planting on a large scale, the slope of the gangue mountain surface should not exceed 15° for the convenience of mechanical operation. If necessary, it can be made into a terraced structure. The surface of the mountain is covered with topsoil with a thickness of more than 50cm. The topsoil is loess or brown soil, or it can be the topsoil of the mountain where plants can grow, as a plant growth medium layer. In places with conditions, the covering soil layer can be appropriately thicker; in areas with scarce soil resources, the covering soil layer can be appropriately thinner, but the thickness should not be thinner than 30cm. If the yield of Phyllostachys australis is pursued, the thickness of the covering soil should not be less than 100cm.

[0023] (2) Topsoil preparation The surface soil of coal gangue is generally raw soil, which is characterized by compact soil, small porosity, poor permeability, low fertility, lack of nutrients, especially low content of fast-acting nutrients, small microbial flora, and low biological activity. The effective conversion of nutrients is far from meeting the needs of normal growth of crops, which is not conducive to the growth of crops. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the physical and chemical properties of the surface soil.

[0024] Apply organic fertilizer: Apply organic fertilizer at a rate of 1-2 tons per mu. When applying, spread the organic fertilizer evenly on the soil surface and mix it with the soil surface by mechanical rotary tillage. By applying organic fertilizer, the organic matter content in the soil is increased, a stable aggregate structure is formed, the water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability of the soil are enhanced, and a good environment for plant growth is created.

[0025] Applying microbial compound agents: spray 30 times the surface microbial compound agent (EM bacteria) once before rotary tillage, the working amount of the compound agent is 20-30kg / mu, and mechanical rotary tillage or manual harrowing. By applying microbial compound agents, the total colony number and diversity of soil microorganisms are increased, which helps to form a granular structure, accelerate the dissolution and release of insoluble nutrients in the soil, activate potential nutrients in the soil, promote plant growth, and improve plant resistance to drought, cold, lodging, disease and salt and alkali.

[0026] (3) Planting and management of Phragmites australis Hardening of Phragmites australis seedlings: Phragmites australis seedlings are generally cultivated in greenhouses or nurseries, which are different from the coal gangue mountain environment. In order to reduce the time for seedling hardening and ensure the survival rate, the Phragmites australis seedlings need to be hardened before planting. Before planting, in order to improve the survival rate of seedlings, the following measures need to be taken: a. Harden Phragmites australis seedlings with a height of 20-30cm for about 10-15 days at the planting site to adapt Phragmites australis to the planting environment; b. Considering the poor surface soil and uneven fertility distribution of coal gangue mountain, as well as the adverse climatic conditions, Phragmites australis seedlings are treated with 300 times the liquid of supersensitive protease during the hardening period to improve the stress resistance of Phragmites australis, promote root growth, facilitate seedling hardening, and ensure that the Phragmites australis seedlings are uniform, neat, and strong in the early growth stage.

[0027] When planting, first dig planting holes with a diameter of 20-30cm, a depth of 15-20cm, and a hole spacing of 80-120cm. Transplant the Phyllostachys reed seedlings into the planting holes and compact them.

[0028] Immediately after transplanting, water the plant to allow it to take root, and water it for the second time after 5-7 days to increase its survival rate. Watering is required in the seedling stage, with an interval of 5-7 days between the first two waterings, and then watering can be done once every 10 days. If it rains, watering can be delayed according to soil conditions.

[0029] Combined with watering, top dressing should be applied 2-3 times a year, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in appropriate amounts. You can mix urea: compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 15:15:15) = 2:1 for top dressing, 30-50g of top dressing per plant.

[0030] The main diseases and insect pests of Phragmites australis are lepidoptera larvae, which can be sprayed with insecticides such as avermectin and dimethoate. The pesticides will be evenly sprayed on the front and back of Phragmites australis leaves, branches and the ground to prevent and control some diseases and insect pests on the soil and leaves.

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in this specification are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed in this article.

[0033] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific implementations", or "some specific implementations" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0034] In the examples provided in this specification, if no specific techniques or conditions are specified, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or the product instructions are used. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased through regular channels.

[0035] In the following examples, the organic fertilizer is selected from the organic biological fertilizer (organic matter 45%, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 5%) produced by Hebei Rundong Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; the microbial compound agent is selected from the biological compound agent (RICHHOLD® PGPR microbial compound agent) produced by Guangdong Lihao Bio-Agriculture Co., Ltd.

[0036] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for using Phragmites australis to restore vegetation in coal gangue heaps. The implementation site is located on the horse trail of the coal gangue heap in Xiashitou Village, Xicun Town, Zezhou County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province. The heap is mainly composed of coal gangue from No. 3 coal, with an area of ​​about 2 mu. The Phragmites australis planted are Hangzhu No. 1. Surface covering of the gangue mountain: On May 6, 2024, the surface covering of 2 mu of coal gangue mountain was completed, with a covering depth of 80-200cm ( Figure 1 ).

[0037] Surface soil preparation: On May 8, 3 tons of organic fertilizer was applied to 2 mu of land, and the organic fertilizer was evenly spread on the surface of the coal gangue mountain. On May 9, 30 times the liquid of microbial compound bacterial agent was sprayed, with a dosage of 30kg / mu, and rotary tillage was carried out.

[0038] Planting and management of space reed: On May 1, harden the reed seedlings; on May 6, dip the roots of the reed seedlings; on May 10, plant the reed in the coal gangue mountain. After planting, water the seedlings. On May 16, water the second time. The interval between the first and second waterings is 5 days. Watering and irrigation are required in a timely manner during the seedling stage. Water once every 10 days in the early stage. Fertilize once in mid-July and once around mid-August.

[0039] No diseases or insect pests occurred during the growth period of Phragmites australis.

[0040] This embodiment took 4 months, and the survival rate of space Phragmites australis was 100%, the plant height was 240-270cm, and the number of tillers was more than 20. Hardening of seedlings, root soaking treatment with ultrasensitive protease, and watering the first two times are the key to ensure the survival of Phragmites australis (note that the interval between the two waterings should not exceed 7 days). On May 10, 2024, 4,800 Phragmites australis planted in Daxing Village, Gaodu Town, Zezhou County, Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, were not treated with hardening of seedlings and root soaking with ultrasensitive protease. They were watered once immediately after planting and the second time on May 26. The interval between the first two waterings was about 15 days. According to statistics on June 10, 450 seedlings died and the survival rate was 90.6%. The Phragmites australis grown on coal gangue hills were treated with hardening of seedlings and root soaking with ultrasensitive protease, and the watering interval was 5 days, with a survival rate of 100% ( Figure 2 ).

[0041] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for using Phragmites australis to restore vegetation in a coal gangue mountain. The implementation site is located in a coal gangue mountain to the west of the Ejin Horo Chahasu coal washing plant in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, with an area of ​​about 1 mu. The soil layer on the surface of the gangue mountain is relatively thin, with a soil layer thickness of about 30 cm. The planted Phragmites australis is Hangzhu No. 1, which has been treated with seedling hardening and root immersion with ultrasensitive protease before planting.

[0042] On May 12, we removed the larger stones from the soil, divided the ridges into areas and laid the ground film ( Figure 3 ).

[0043] On May 16, the Phragmites australis was planted and watered for the first time on the same day, and for the second time on May 21. In the first two months, water was applied once every 10 days, and fertilizer was applied once in late June and once in late July ( Figure 4 ).

[0044] No diseases or insect pests occurred during the growth period of Phragmites australis.

[0045] This embodiment took 3 months, the survival rate of Phyllostachys australis was 100%, the Phyllostachys australis had grown to 60-80 cm, the number of tillers was about 15, and the greening of the coal gangue heap was achieved ( Figure 5 ).

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for restoring vegetation on coal gangue heaps using Phragmites australis, characterized in that: include: Cover the surface of the gangue with topsoil, with a thickness of no less than 30cm; plant Phragmites australis after applying organic fertilizer and microbial compound inoculants to the topsoil; The application amount of organic fertilizer is 1-2 tons / mu, and the application amount of microbial compound agent is 20-30kg / mu.

2. The method for revegetation of coal gangue heaps using Phragmites australis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The topsoil is made of loess and / or brown soil.

3. The method for revegetation of coal gangue heaps using Phragmites australis according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The surface slope of the gangue shall not exceed 15° after it is covered with topsoil.

4. The method for revegetation of coal gangue heaps using Phragmites australis according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Select Phragmites australis seedlings with a height of 20-30cm and harden them in the planting site for 10-15 days before transplanting.

5. The method for revegetation of coal gangue heaps using Phragmites australis according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the seedling hardening period, the roots of Phragmites australis seedlings were treated once with 300 times diluted supersensitive protease.

6. The method for revegetation of coal gangue heaps using Phragmites australis according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The diameter of the planting hole for Phyllostachys australis is 20-30cm, the depth is 15-20cm; the spacing between the planting holes is 80-120cm.

7. The method for revegetation of coal gangue heaps using Phragmites australis according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Water the Phragmites immediately after planting, and the interval between the first two waterings should be 5-7 days.

8. The method for coal gangue heap vegetation restoration using Phragmites australis according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Top dressing uses a mixture of urea and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio of urea to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer in the mixture is 1-3:

1.

9. The method for revegetation of coal gangue heaps using Phragmites australis according to claim 8, characterized in that: Top dressing is done 2-3 times in total, with each application amount being 30-50g / plant.

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