Method for improving stability of spray-seeding grass planting
By using a composite structure of steel wire mesh and grass fiber on the slopes of the plateau area, the problem of low grass seed survival rate in extreme climates in traditional spray-sowing grass planting technology is solved, and the slope stability and vegetation survival rate are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510305863.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-06
AI Technical Summary
In plateau areas, traditional spray-sowing grass planting technology is prone to low survival rates due to soil erosion and low temperature frost damage in extreme climates, and the combination of slope surface and grass seeds is unstable, making it difficult to improve slope surface stability and vegetation survival rates.
The wire mesh is used as the skeleton layer, and the grass fibers are inserted into the mesh of the wire mesh to form a composite anchor structure. Then the podcast soil is sprayed on the fiber bundle and grass seeds are sown to form a "mesh-fiber" composite structure.
Through the composite structure of steel wire mesh and grass fiber, the slope stress can be effectively dispersed, the binding force between grass fiber and steel wire mesh is improved, soil consolidation and erosion resistance are enhanced, and the survival rate and slope stability of grass seeds are significantly improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN119924026A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of spray-seeding grass planting, and in particular to a method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting. Background Art
[0002] Plateau areas (such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) are characterized by high altitude, low temperature, frequent freezing and thawing, and long vegetation growth cycle. Traditional slope protection methods such as anchor frame beams and mortar-laid facing walls have problems such as complex construction, high cost, and great ecological damage. Although the existing spraying grass planting technology can quickly restore vegetation, it is easy to cause low grass seed survival rate due to soil erosion and low temperature frost damage in the extreme climate of the plateau, and the foreign soil used to cultivate grass seeds is unstable when combined with the slope surface.
[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an efficient, low-cost spraying grass planting technology that can adapt to the extreme climate of the plateau to improve slope stability and vegetation survival rate. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting, which is efficient, low-cost and adaptable to the extreme climate of the plateau, so as to improve the stability of the slope and the survival rate of vegetation.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting, comprising the following steps:
[0006] Step 1: Lay the wire mesh;
[0007] Step 2: prepare grass fibers, divide the grass fibers into several bundles to form several fiber bundles, and insert the several fiber bundles into the meshes of the steel wire mesh to form fiber layers;
[0008] Step 3: Spray the fiber bundle with soil and spread the grass seeds.
[0009] The beneficial effects of this program are:
[0010] 1. The wire mesh is used as a skeleton layer to effectively disperse the slope stress and prevent the surface soil from sliding;
[0011] 2. Bundle the grass fibers and insert them into the wire mesh to form a "net-fiber" composite anchoring structure, which significantly improves the bonding strength between the grass fibers and the wire mesh and avoids the problem of traditional flat-laid grass fibers being easily washed away by water flow; fill the gaps between the fiber bundles with imported soil to form a dense layer, further consolidating the soil and improving its anti-scouring ability.
[0012] 3. The fiber bundles are inserted into the mesh to form a vertical channel. When the soil is sprayed, it is evenly filled into the gaps between the fibers. After the grass seeds are sown, they can penetrate into the soil and combine with the fibers, reducing the loss of grass seeds caused by wind or water flow.
[0013] 4. In the later stage, the grass fiber is naturally degraded and converted into organic matter, which continuously improves soil fertility and promotes the development of vegetation roots.
[0014] 5. Therefore, the wire mesh and grass fiber in this solution are efficient in construction, low in cost, and adaptable to the extreme climate of the plateau to improve slope stability and vegetation survival rate.
[0015] Furthermore, a clustering sleeve is provided at the end of the fiber bundle, and the clustering sleeve is used to pass through the mesh of the steel wire mesh.
[0016] Furthermore, in step 1, an anchor rod is constructed on the slope, an elastic hanger is provided on the lower side of the end of the anchor rod, the wire mesh includes an upper mesh and a lower mesh, the lower mesh is hung on the elastic hanger, the upper mesh is hung on the anchor rod, and the meshes of the upper mesh and the lower mesh are staggered;
[0017] In step 2, the cluster sleeve is tilted upward and passes through the meshes of the upper net and the lower net in sequence.
[0018] Furthermore, the cluster sleeve is made of a rigid material.
[0019] Furthermore, the method further comprises step 4 of covering the foreign soil with non-woven fabric.
[0020] Furthermore, the non-woven fabric is made of 15g / ㎡ polypropylene material, and is fixed with bamboo nails after being covered with the non-woven fabric, and the spacing between the bamboo nails is ≤30cm.
[0021] Furthermore, the method also includes step five, watering and curing the grass seeds.
[0022] Furthermore, the fiber layer has a thickness of 3-5 cm.
[0023] Furthermore, the imported soil contains a binder, the added amount of the binder is 1%-2%, and the binder is an environmentally friendly polymer material.
[0024] Furthermore, in step one, debris on the slope surface is cleared, and intercepting ditches and drainage ditches are excavated.
[0025] This solution also has the following effects:
[0026] 1. In this scheme, wire mesh is used as the skeleton to enhance the stability of the slope. Although the early growth environment of grass seeds is mainly in the guest soil, as the plants grow, the nutrients in the guest soil are gradually consumed, and the grass roots need to extend downward to meet the growth needs. However, when the grass roots extend, they encounter obstacles from grass fibers and wire mesh, making it difficult to smoothly enter the soil layer under the wire mesh. The lack of nutrients during the transition period reduces the survival rate of the plants.
[0027] In this scheme, a double-layer wire mesh is used, and the cluster sleeve with the fiber bundle is inserted into the mesh of the upper mesh and the lower mesh in turn. This scheme can be used for construction before the arrival of low temperatures in winter. During construction, the cluster sleeve is tilted upward and stuck between the meshes of the two layers of wire mesh. Since the two layers of wire mesh are staggered, the cluster sleeve is clamped; after the construction is completed, the grass seeds survive the cold winter and enter the spring and begin to grow. The lower mesh gradually slides down with the original slope soil under the action of load, and the upper and lower layers of wire mesh are misaligned, so that the cluster sleeve gradually rotates until the cluster sleeve and the slope are perpendicular, thereby driving the end of the fiber bundle away from the cluster sleeve to tilt upward, and the guest soil on the fiber layer falls down from the gap between the fiber bundles, enters between the fiber bundles and falls onto the wire mesh, providing soil for the transition period when the plants pass through the wire mesh, so that the plants can directly contact and take root with the original slope soil under the wire mesh after passing through the guest soil.
[0028] 2. Clean up the debris on the slope surface, dig intercepting ditches and drainage ditches to ensure the effective discharge of surface water and reduce the scouring of the slope by surface water;
[0029] 3. Anchor rods are laid on the slope surface to hang galvanized wire mesh (mesh size ≤ 5cm) and steel bar skeleton to enhance the integrity of the slope surface;
[0030] 4. Lay a natural grass fiber layer (such as rice straw, coconut shell fiber) on the surface of the wire mesh with a thickness of 3-5cm. After the grass fiber is decomposed, it can increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil;
[0031] 5. Mix the imported soil, grass seeds, adhesive (1%-2%), water retaining agent and organic fertilizer and spray them on the slope surface, with a spraying thickness of ≥8cm; the adhesive is an environmentally friendly polymer material that can enhance soil cohesion and reduce soil erosion. The 1%-2% environmentally friendly adhesive can improve the cohesion of the imported soil and adapt to the freeze-thaw cycle of the plateau;
[0032] 6. Immediately cover with 15g / ㎡ polypropylene non-woven fabric after spraying and fix it with bamboo nails; the non-woven fabric has the functions of heat preservation, anti-freeze and anti-scouring, and will degrade naturally after the grass seeds germinate;
[0033] 7. Use a high-pressure mist spray system to spray water once in the morning and evening every day, with a maintenance period of 60 days; add a covering layer for insulation in extremely low temperatures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the slope of Example 1;
[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the fiber bundle and the upper web of Example 1;
[0036] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the wire mesh and anchor rod of Example 1;
[0037] Figure 4Schematic cross-sectional view of the steel wire mesh and fiber bundle of Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:
[0039] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: intercepting ditch 1, drainage ditch 2, wire mesh 3, upper mesh 31, lower mesh 32, mesh 33, long anchor rod 41, short anchor rod 42, fiber layer 5, fiber bundle 51, cluster sleeve 52, imported soil 6, platform 7.
[0040] Example 1
[0041] Example 1 is basically as Figure 1-Figure 3 A method for improving the stability of spraying grass planting, comprising the following steps:
[0042] Step 1: Use galvanized steel mesh 3 with mesh size ≤5cm×5cm, steel wire diameter ≥2.5mm, and tensile strength ≥400MPa; as there is a lot of rain and snow in the plateau area, spray epoxy resin coating on the steel mesh 3 or use hot-dip galvanizing process to prevent the steel mesh 3 from rusting; cut into pieces according to the size of the slope, and transport them in rolls to avoid bending and deformation; divide the steel mesh 3 into upper mesh 31 and lower mesh 32 according to different use positions;
[0043] Remove floating stones and debris from the slope, fill in pits, and ensure that the slope flatness error is ≤5cm; compact the loose slope surface, and the compaction degree is ≥90%. Dig a drainage ditch 1 at the top of the slope and a drainage ditch 2 at the bottom of the slope;
[0044] Prepare a number of long anchor rods 41 and short anchor rods 42. In this embodiment, the long anchor rod 41 is greater than or equal to 3 m, and the function of the long anchor rod 41 is to anchor to the bedrock to improve the overall stability. The short anchor rod 42 is 0.5 m, and the function of the short anchor rod 42 is to anchor to the soil as the hanging point position of the lower layer net 32;
[0045] A scaffold is set up, and long anchor rods 41 and short anchor rods 42 are arranged in a plum blossom shape with a spacing of 1.5m×1.5m. The long anchor rods 41 and the short anchor rods 42 are perpendicular to the rock-soil boundary line. Anchoring agents are filled between the long anchor rods 41 and the short anchor rods 42 and the original slope soil, and each short anchor rod 42 is set below the long anchor rod 41.
[0046] First, lay the lower steel mesh 3, hang the lower steel mesh 3 on the short anchor rod 42, reserve 30cm of steel mesh 3 on the top of the slope and wrap it up to the bottom of the intercepting ditch 1, extend the slope foot to the inside of the drainage ditch 2 and press it with stones; then lay the upper steel mesh 3 on the lower steel mesh 3, and hang the upper steel mesh 3 on the long anchor rod 41; if the slope is high and needs to be set up in stages, it is not necessary to set the steel mesh 3 on the platform 7 between the two levels of slopes;
[0047] Step 2: prepare natural grass fibers (such as coconut shell fibers and rice straw) that are resistant to corrosion and highly absorbent, with a fiber length of 20-30 cm and a moisture content of ≤15%; divide the grass fibers into several bundles to form several fiber bundles 51, each bundle of fiber bundles 51 has a diameter of 3-5 cm, and are tied with degradable hemp ropes, with a density of 30-40 bundles per square meter;
[0048] The meshes 33 of the upper net 31 are positioned along the slope surface at intervals of 20 cm horizontally and 15 cm vertically; the fiber bundles 51 are inserted into the meshes 33 from above the upper net 31, and then obliquely passed through the meshes 33 of the lower net 32, with the exposed length below ≥ 10 cm. After insertion, the fiber bundles 51 are gently pulled to ensure that there is no loosening or falling off; thus, several fiber bundles 51 are respectively inserted into the meshes 33 of the wire mesh 3 to form a fiber layer 5, and the thickness of the fiber layer 5 is 3-5 cm. ; Use a wooden hammer to tap the fiber bundles 51 to make them evenly distributed and avoid local accumulation, and spray a small amount of water mist on the exposed fibers to enhance their flexibility for subsequent attachment of the foreign soil 6;
[0049] Step 3, prepare guest soil 6, the ingredients of guest soil 6 are: 60% humus soil, 20% peat soil, 10% perlite, 2% adhesive (environmentally friendly polyacrylamide), 1% water retaining agent (polymer absorbent resin), and 7% slow-release fertilizer; guest soil 6 is mixed with a forced mixer, and the humidity is controlled at 20%-25% (it forms a ball when held by hand and falls loosely on the ground);
[0050] The guest soil 6 is sprayed using a hydraulic sprayer, with a nozzle pressure of 0.4-0.6MPa and a spraying distance of 3-5m; the spraying is divided into two layers, the first layer: spraying thickness of 3cm, covering the root of the fiber bundle 51, compacting and filling the seams; the second layer: spraying thickness of 5cm, covering the top of the fiber bundle 51, forming a continuous matrix layer; after spraying, it is manually scraped and the local concave areas are sprayed to ensure uniform thickness (total thickness ≥ 8cm);
[0051] Choose grass seeds that are cold-resistant, drought-resistant, and have well-developed root systems (such as Elymus alkali and Poa fruticosa), with a germination rate of ≥ 90%; mix the grass seeds with a water retaining agent (1:0.1) and a bird repellent (0.5%) and let it stand for 12 hours; use a centrifugal spreader to spread the grass seeds, with a sowing amount of 30-40g / m2, and spread them crosswise in two steps from top to bottom along the slope to avoid missing any seeds; lightly rake the surface manually to bury the grass seeds 61-2cm deep in the soil.
[0052] Step 4: Prepare 15g / ㎡ polypropylene non-woven fabric with a light transmittance of ≥70% and a tensile strength of ≥8kN / m; spread it horizontally along the slope with an overlap width of ≥15cm, and reserve 50cm on the top of the slope to wrap it up to the intercepting ditch 1; fix it with bamboo nails (length 20cm) with a nail spacing of 30cm×30cm, and compact the foot of the slope with stones; add nylon rope grids (spacing 1m×1m) to cover the strong wind area;
[0053] Step 5: Water the grass seeds for maintenance.
[0054] Example 2
[0055] Example 2 is based on Example 1: In step 2, a plurality of cluster sleeves 52 are prepared. The cluster sleeves 52 are in the shape of sleeves, such as Figure 4 As shown, the grass fibers are sequentially passed through the clustering sleeve 52 to form a fiber bundle 51. The clustering sleeve 52 is sleeved on the end of the fiber bundle 51. The clustering sleeve 52 is used to tilt upward and sequentially pass through the meshes 33 of the upper net 31 and the lower net 32. If it cannot pass through smoothly, a stone or a wood block is placed between the upper net 31 and the lower net 32 to make there is enough space between the upper net 31 and the lower net 32 for the clustering sleeve 52 to pass through. Figure 4 In the figure, for the convenience of display, the cluster sleeve 52 is not shown in cross-section, but only in rectangle. A spring is arranged between the exposed ends of the long anchor rod 41 and the short anchor rod 42, and the two ends of the spring are welded to the exposed ends of the long anchor rod 41 and the short anchor rod 42 respectively.
[0056] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.
Claims
1. A method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Lay the wire mesh; Step 2: prepare grass fibers, divide the grass fibers into several bundles to form several fiber bundles, and insert the several fiber bundles into the meshes of the steel wire mesh to form fiber layers; Step 3: Spray the fiber bundle with soil and spread the grass seeds.
2. A method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cluster sleeve is provided at the end of the fiber bundle, and the cluster sleeve is used to pass through the mesh of the steel wire mesh.
3. A method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting according to claim 2, characterized in that : In step 1, an anchor rod is constructed on the slope, an elastic hanger is provided at the lower side of the end of the anchor rod, the wire mesh includes an upper mesh and a lower mesh, the lower mesh is hung on the elastic hanger, the upper mesh is hung on the anchor rod, and the meshes of the upper mesh and the lower mesh are staggered; In step 2, the cluster sleeve is tilted upward and passes through the meshes of the upper net and the lower net in sequence.
4. A method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cluster sleeve is made of rigid material.
5. The method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises a step 4 of covering the foreign soil with a non-woven fabric.
6. A method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting according to claim 7, characterized in that: The non-woven fabric is made of 15g / ㎡ polypropylene material. After being covered with the non-woven fabric, it is fixed with bamboo nails, and the spacing between the bamboo nails is ≤30cm.
7. A method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method also includes step five, watering and curing the grass seeds.
8. The method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fiber layer thickness is 3-5cm.
9. The method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The imported soil contains a binder, the addition amount of the binder is 1%-2%, and the binder is an environmentally friendly polymer material.
10. The method for improving the stability of spray-seeding grass planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, debris on the slope surface is cleared and intercepting ditches and drainage ditches are excavated.