Combined structure of assembly type ditch and retaining wall and construction method of combined structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined structure of an assembled ditch and a retaining wall and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry land reclamation. The structure comprises a ditch and a retaining wall, the ditch is formed by interlocking and clamping a bottom plate and a wall plate through a broken-line-shaped groove and a tenon, and the outer side of the ditch is wrapped with hydraulic cloth and a hydraulic film in a layered mode to enhance the impermeability; the retaining wall adopts the right triangle buttress and the hollow reinforced concrete baffle, is fixed through the plug pin and is connected with the ditch through the inhaul cable in the threading pipe, so that the anti-overturning and anti-sliding stability is improved. The construction method comprises the steps of prefabricating the components, laying impermeable materials in a layered mode, conducting modular assembling, conducting backfilling and greening and the like. Through structure optimization and standardized prefabrication, the problems that a traditional cast-in-place structure is long in construction period, high in manufacturing cost and the like are solved, and the advantages of being rapid in assembly, multiple in seepage prevention, capable of saving cost and environmentally friendly are achieved. Compared with a cast-in-place scheme, the comprehensive manufacturing cost is reduced, the construction efficiency is remarkably improved, and the water and soil loss prevention and control effect is better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural and forestry land reclamation, and particularly relates to a combined structure of an assembled ditch and a retaining wall and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the improvement of environmental protection requirements, during the construction of modern green mines, the reclamation and revegetation of the access roads on the benches of the quarry slopes require "reclamation while mining" and cannot be left bare and idle for a long time. Once the final mining section is formed, revegetation should be carried out immediately. The entire reclamation project is divided into several repeated and discontinuous sporadic projects. Higher requirements are put forward for response speed, construction efficiency, cost control and environmental protection performance in construction organization. The traditional cast-in-situ concrete retaining walls and ditches have the following problems: (1) A large amount of formwork support is required for on-site pouring, the construction period is long, and it is difficult to meet the needs of scattered and frequent reclamation projects; (2) The cast-in-situ structure is sensitive to foundation settlement and has high requirements for foundation treatment; (3) The engineering quantity is large, the consumption of materials and labor is high, the construction management is difficult and the cost is high; (4) Poor flexibility, difficult to repair after the structure is damaged, and easy to cause soil erosion.

[0003] Although the assembled technology partly solves the modular problem, there are generally problems such as weak lateral pressure resistance, imperfect anti-seepage system and insufficient connection reliability. For example, when using a vertical retaining wall, the self-weight of the soil is not fully utilized to balance the overturning moment; the tenons and mortises are small, the strength of the connection part is low, and the installation is easy to be misaligned. The connection of the ditches depends on gluing or welding, with poor durability and difficult maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The invention provides a combined structure of an assembled ditch and a retaining wall and a construction method thereof, aiming to provide a new structure with rapid assembly, stable structure and ecological friendliness and a construction method thereof.

[0005] A combined structure of an assembled ditch and a retaining wall is built in a multi-level quarry slope. It is characterized in that: it includes a ditch and a retaining wall. The ditch is arranged at a position on the access road of the multi-level quarry slope close to the bottom of the upper-level slope. The ditch includes a bottom plate and a wall plate. The connecting edge of the bottom plate and the wall plate is in a zigzag shape, forming interlocking grooves and tenons that are mutually clamped. And the outer side of the connection between the bottom plate and the wall plate is processed with a fillet or a chamfer. A number of bottom plates and left and right wall plates are connected end to end to form a ditch. A strut is erected at the upper part of the connection of the opposite wall plates to stabilize the upper opening of the channel. The strut and the wall plate are fixed with a bolt. A layer of hydraulic membrane is wrapped around the bottom and the outer periphery of both sides of the ditch. A protective hydraulic cloth is additionally padded on both the inner and outer sides of the hydraulic membrane. At the external connection opening, a clamping plate is used to directly press the hydraulic membrane tightly against the wall plate to prevent leakage; The retaining wall is set at the position on the berm near the top of the next-level slope. The retaining wall includes buttresses and baffles. The side elevation of the buttress is a right triangle. The position of the buttress is directly opposite to the center of the ditch wall panel and its hypotenuse faces the ditch. Plug pins are preset on the hypotenuse; the baffle is a rectangular reinforced concrete hollow slab. Plug pin holes are preset at corresponding positions at both ends of the baffle. The baffle is fixed on the buttress through plug pins. The baffle and the buttress form a continuous retaining wall. A layer of geotextile is first laid on the top surface and the outer side surface of the baffle, and then a layer of geomembrane is laid on the geotextile; scissors braces are erected on the outer side surfaces between adjacent buttresses; A conduit is buried between the retaining wall and the ditch. One end of the conduit is set at the center of the bottom of the buttress. After passing through the buttress, the conduit leads directly to the top of the wall panel on the side of the ditch far from the retaining wall. A cable is threaded into the conduit to connect the retaining wall and the ditch. One end of the cable is anchored on the outer side surface of the buttress through an anchor bolt, and the other end is fixed on the wall panel through a hanging buckle; Backfill soil is filled between the retaining wall and the ditch and below the ditch. Planting soil is filled on the backfill soil. Greening plants or crops are planted in the planting soil, and climbing plants are planted along the slope line.

[0006] Further, the plug pins are made of anti-corrosion round steel of the same specification, and the ends are square or perforated for easy extraction operation. Weather-resistant adhesive is applied during installation to prevent loosening.

[0007] Further, when the filled soil is highly fluid silt, the maximum elevation angle of the inclined surface of the buttress is less than 57.2°, and the bottom width is greater than 0.644 times the height; when the stability of the filled soil is good, the calculation formula for the elevation angle is α = actg((√2) / (k 0 (2 - √2))) or α = actg(2.414 / k 0 ), where k0 is the lateral pressure coefficient of the filled soil, which is determined through geotechnical tests or conservatively obtained by referring to the engineering geology manual.

[0008] A construction method for a combined structure of a prefabricated ditch and a retaining wall, characterized by including the following steps: S1. Determine the backfill soil and the covering thickness of the planting soil and the dimensions of the retaining wall according to the reclamation standard; determine the ditch dimensions according to the catchment area, the cross-slope gradient of the berm and the rainfall data; prefabricate buttresses, baffles, bottom plates, wall panels and struts according to the dimensions. The lengths of the baffles, bottom plates and wall panels in the same engineering project are the same; S2. Clean the floating slag on the slope and the berm, lay backfill soil at the foot of the upper-level slope line and compact it to the elevation for building the ditch, and pre-embed conduits and cables; S3. First, lay a geomembrane on the ditch construction site, then lay a geomembrane, and lay another geomembrane on the top of the geomembrane. Install the bottom plate and wall panels of the ditch. During the installation, build an auxiliary installation bracket made according to the internal dimensions of the ditch. Using the pin holes reserved on the wall panels, firmly connect all the wall panels within a continuous operation section to the auxiliary installation bracket. Tighten the geomembrane and the outer geomembrane against the ditch wall panels and roll up their edges to the top of the wall panels first. Then, lay wooden boards on the auxiliary installation bracket to completely cover the upper opening of the ditch. Synchronously backfill the ditch with backfill soil or planting soil on both sides of the ditch. Then, bury the edge of the geomembrane in the soil beside the ditch and make it higher than the designed water level of the ditch. Compact the part of the backfill soil close to the wall panels. Using the pin holes reserved on the wall panels, fix the hanging buckle. Tie one end of the cable near the ditch to the hanging buckle. Then, install the strut and remove the auxiliary installation bracket. S4. Fix the abutment and install the cross bracing to align and penetrate the conduit in the abutment with the pre-buried conduit. Pass the outer end of the cable into the conduit in the abutment, tighten it and anchor it on the abutment with anchor bolts. Install the baffle on the inclined side of the abutment through pins to form a continuous retaining wall. Lay a geomembrane or a geomembrane and a geomembrane on the side of the baffle close to the backfill soil. S5. Lay and compact the backfill soil, spread the planting soil. After the planting soil is fertilized, plant greening plants or crops, and plant climbing plants along the slope.

[0009] Further, the auxiliary installation bracket is a cuboid bracket, with the same width as the internal space of the ditch and a height 1 cm higher than the internal space of the ditch, which is used to temporarily fix the ditch wall panels and support the wooden boards covering the ditch opening during the backfill operation.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) By using a right-angled triangular abutment in combination with a specific elevation angle design, such as the elevation angle <57.2° in silty soil, through the synergistic action of the self-weight of the backfill soil on the wall and its geometric and mechanical properties, the anti-overturning ability of the retaining wall is significantly improved. The design of combining the pier and the slab, and the hollow design inside and under the baffle saves more than 30% of materials compared with the traditional gravity retaining wall. The ditch bottom plate and wall panels adopt a zigzag mortise and tenon interlocking structure, combined with pins to fix the struts, forming a three-dimensional rigid framework, greatly improving the overall strength, and the installation accuracy is controllable without complex calibration tools.

[0011] (2) The application of the hollow reinforced concrete precast baffle reduces the weight of the component while ensuring the strength, reducing the transportation and hoisting costs. The geomembrane and the independent geomembrane are layered to wrap the channel, which can not only ensure the overall anti-seepage and anti-leakage of the channel including external interfaces and other parts, but also strengthen the protection of the geomembrane and extend its service life.

[0012] (3) The modular plug connection and conduit cable system enable plug-and-play assembly and the use of auxiliary installation brackets that can be used in a circulating manner, greatly improving the effect and efficiency of temporarily supporting, fixing, and protecting the ditch components during channel installation and filling operations. The construction period of a single operation section is shortened to 1 / 3 of the traditional method, and the square or perforated design at the end of the plug facilitates later maintenance and replacement.

[0013] (4) The integrated design of the composite layer of geotextile and geomembrane and the top greening planting effectively prevents soil erosion. The combination of vines, shrubs, and grasses ensures a vegetation coverage rate of 100%, reducing dust pollution by 50% compared with the traditional cast-in-place structure. The standardized production of all precast components reduces the material loss rate by 15%, and the comprehensive cost is saved by 25% compared with the cast-in-place plan. Moreover, it can be disassembled and reused, conforming to the concept of circular economy.

[0014] In summary, through multi-dimensional innovations in structure, materials, and technology, the present invention solves the pain points in the prior art such as low assembly efficiency, poor stability, weak anti-seepage, and difficult maintenance, and has significant promotion value in the fields of mine reclamation, agricultural water conservancy, etc.

[0015] Drawings of the specification Figure 1 It is an exploded view of the components of the ditch in Embodiment 1.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic plan view of the ditch and retaining wall in Embodiment 1.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic vertical sectional view of the ditch and retaining wall in Embodiment 1.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a large-scale sectional detail drawing of a part of Embodiment 1.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic overall structure diagram of Embodiment 1.

[0020] Figure 6 It is a side view of the pier in Embodiment 1.

[0021] Figure 7 It is a top view of the pier in Embodiment 1.

[0022] Figure 8 It is a schematic structure diagram of the cross bracing in Embodiment 1.

[0023] Wherein: 1 - pier, 2 - baffle, 3 - bottom plate, 4 - wall plate, 5 - strut, 6 - plug, 7 - plug socket, 8 - cable, 9 - conduit, 10 - anchor bolt, 11 - lifting hook, 12 - geomembrane, 13 - geotextile, 14 - slope, 15 - backfill soil, 16 - planting soil, 17 - greening grass or crops, 18 - climbing plant, 19 - cross bracing. Specific implementation mode

[0024] Example 1: This example is a green mine pit of a certain granite sand and gravel quarry, which is reclaimed into a forest land. The total length is 30512 m, the width of the access road is 5 - 15 m, the height of the slope is 10 - 15 m, and the thickness of the cultivated soil layer is 30 cm. A combined structure of prefabricated ditches and retaining walls is planned to be built. After calculation, the net width × depth size of the ditch is 50 cm × 40 cm, which can meet the drainage requirements at each place. The total height of the retaining wall is 40.1 cm, and it is built according to the following steps: A combined structure of prefabricated ditches and retaining walls includes a ditch and a retaining wall. The ditch is arranged on the access road of the multi - level pit slope near the bottom of the upper - level slope 14. The ditch includes a bottom plate 3 and a wall plate 4. The connecting edge between the bottom plate 3 and the wall plate 4 is zigzag, forming grooves and tenons that can be interlocked and clamped with each other. And the outer side of the connection between the bottom plate 3 and the wall plate 4 is processed with a fillet or a chamfer. A number of bottom plates 3 and the left and right wall plates 4 are connected end to end to form a ditch. A strut 5 is erected at the upper part of the connection between the opposite wall plates 4 to stabilize the upper opening of the channel. The strut 5 is fixed to the wall plate 4 with a bolt 6. A layer of hydraulic membrane 12 is wrapped around the bottom and the outer periphery of both sides of the ditch. A layer of protective hydraulic cloth 13 is padded on both the inner and outer sides of the hydraulic membrane 12. At the external connection opening, a splint is used to directly press the hydraulic membrane tightly on the wall plate 4 to prevent leakage.

[0025] The retaining wall is arranged on the access road near the top of the lower - level slope 14. The retaining wall includes a pier 1 and a baffle 2. The side elevation of the pier 1 is a right - angled triangle. The position of the pier 1 is directly opposite to the center of the ditch wall plate 4 and its hypotenuse faces the ditch. Bolt holes 7 are preset on the hypotenuse. Bolt holes 7 are preset at the corresponding positions at both ends of the baffle 2. The baffle 2 is fixed to the pier 1 with a bolt 6. A number of piers 1 are arranged at equal intervals, and the left and right baffles 2 are connected to form a continuous retaining wall. The baffle 2 is a rectangular reinforced concrete hollow slab. A layer of hydraulic cloth 13 is laid on the top surface and the outer side of the baffle 2, and a layer of hydraulic membrane 12 is laid on the hydraulic cloth 13. A cross - brace 19 is erected on the outer side between adjacent piers 1.

[0026] A conduit 9 is buried between the retaining wall and the ditch. One end of the conduit 9 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the pier 1. The conduit 9 passes through the pier 1 and directly reaches the top of the wall plate 4 on the side of the ditch away from the retaining wall. A cable 8 is inserted into the conduit 9 to connect the retaining wall and the ditch. One end of the cable 8 is fixed to the outer side of the pier 1 through an anchor bolt 10, and the other end is fixed to the wall plate 4 through a hanging buckle 11; A layer of backfill soil 15 is filled between the retaining wall and the ditch and below the ditch. A layer of planting soil 16 is filled on the backfill soil 15. The planting soil 16 is filled to be flush with the top surface of the ditch. Green plants or crops 17 are planted in the planting soil 16, and climbing plants 18 are planted along the slope 14.

[0027] The method for building this structure includes the following steps: S1. Prefabricated pier 1, with a pier height of 39.4 cm, a side elevation being a right triangle with an elevation angle of 55°, prefabricated baffle 2, bottom plate 3 of the ditch, and wall panel 4. The baffle 2 is 42.5 cm wide, and the lengths of the baffle 2, bottom plate 3, and wall panel 4 are all 3.00 m. Prefabricated 10×10 cm hollow column struts.

[0028] S2. After the final mining section of the mine is formed, clean the floating slag on the slope and access road. At the toe of the high slope, lay fill soil and compact it to the elevation for building the bottom plate 3 of the ditch, and pre-bury the cable stay 8 and the conduit 9. S3. First, lay geotextile 13 at the ditch construction location, then lay geomembrane 12, and then lay geotextile 13 on the geomembrane 12. Then install the bottom plate 3 and wall panel 4 of the ditch. During installation, build an auxiliary installation bracket made according to the internal dimensions of the ditch. Using the pin holes 7 reserved on the wall panel, firmly connect all the wall panels 4 within a continuous operation section to the auxiliary installation bracket. Tighten the geomembrane 12 and the outer geotextile 13 against the ditch wall panel 4 and roll up their edges to the top of the wall panel 4 first. Then lay wooden boards on the auxiliary installation bracket to completely cover the upper opening of the ditch. Synchronously fill backfill soil 15 and planting soil 16 on both sides of the ditch. Then bury the edge of the geomembrane 12 in the fill soil 15 beside the ditch and make it higher than the designed water level of the ditch. Compact the part of the backfill soil 15 close to the wall panel 4. Using the pin holes 7 reserved on the wall panel, fix the hanging buckle 11, tie the cable stay 8 at the end near the ditch to the hanging buckle 11. Then install the strut 5, and then remove the auxiliary installation bracket. S4. Fix the pier 1. Between adjacent piers 1, enhance the stability by connecting them in series with cross braces 19 erected on the outer side, align and penetrate the conduit 9 inside the pier with the pre-buried conduit 9. Pass the outer end of the cable stay 8 into the conduit 9 inside the pier 1, tighten it and anchor it on the pier 1 with anchor bolts 10. Install the baffle 2 on the hypotenuse of the pier 1 through pins 6 to form a continuous retaining wall.

[0029] S5. Lay and compact the backfill soil 15, spread the tillage soil 16, fertilize the soil and then plant greening grass or crops 17, and plant climbing plants 18 along the slope 14, thus completing the reclamation engineering measures.

Claims

1. A combined structure of an assembled ditch and a retaining wall, built in a multi-level pit slope, characterized in that: It includes a ditch and a retaining wall. The ditch is set on a multi-level pit slope horseway near the bottom of the upper slope. The ditch includes a bottom plate and a wall plate. The connection edge of the bottom plate and the wall plate is in a broken line shape, forming grooves and convex tenons that can be interlocked and clamped with each other, and the outer side of the connection between the bottom plate and the wall plate is rounded or angled. Several bottom plates and left and right wall plates are connected end to end to form a ditch. A support rod is set on the upper part of the connection between the opposite wall plates to stabilize the upper end of the channel. The support rod and the wall plate are fixed with pins. The bottom and the outer periphery of both sides of the ditch are wrapped with a layer of hydraulic membrane. The inner and outer sides of the hydraulic membrane are padded with protective hydraulic fabrics. A plywood is used at the external opening to directly press the hydraulic membrane against the wall plate to prevent leakage. The retaining wall is set on the horseway near the top of the next level of slope. The retaining wall includes a pier and a baffle. The side elevation of the pier is a right triangle. The pier is located opposite to the center of the ditch wall plate and its hypotenuse faces the ditch. A pin is preset on the hypotenuse. The baffle is a rectangular reinforced concrete hollow plate. Pin holes are preset at the corresponding positions of both ends of the baffle. The baffle is fixed on the pier by the pin. The baffle and the pier form a continuous retaining wall. A layer of hydraulic fabric is first laid on the top and outer side of the baffle, and then a layer of hydraulic membrane is laid on the hydraulic fabric. Scissor braces are set on the outer sides between adjacent piers. A threading pipe is buried between the retaining wall and the ditch. One end of the threading pipe is set at the center of the bottom of the pier. The threading pipe passes through the pier and directly reaches the top of the wall panel on the side of the ditch away from the retaining wall. A cable is inserted into the threading pipe to connect the retaining wall and the ditch. One end of the cable is anchored on the outer surface of the pier by an anchor bolt, and the other end is fixed on the wall panel by a hanging buckle. Backfill soil is filled between the retaining wall and the ditch and under the ditch, planting soil is filled on the backfill soil, green grass or crops are planted in the planting soil, and climbing plants are planted along the slope line.

2. A method for constructing a combined structure of an assembled ditch and a retaining wall, characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1, determine the thickness of backfill and planting soil and the size of retaining walls according to the reclamation standards; determine the size of the ditch according to the catchment area, the slope of the bridleway and rainfall data; prefabricate piers, baffles, bottom plates, wall plates and struts according to the size, and the length of baffles, bottom plates and wall plates in the same project should be consistent; S2, clean the scum on the slope and the horse trail, lay backfill soil near the foot of the upper slope line, compact it to the construction elevation of the ditch, and pre-bury the threading pipe and cable; S3, first lay the hydraulic fabric at the construction location of the ditch, then lay the hydraulic membrane, then lay the hydraulic fabric on the hydraulic membrane, install the bottom plate and wall plate of the ditch, build an auxiliary installation bracket made according to the empty size in the ditch during the installation, use the reserved pin holes on the wall plate to firmly connect all the wall plates in a water flow operation section with the auxiliary installation bracket, tighten the hydraulic membrane and the outer hydraulic fabric close to the ditch wall plate and roll its edge to the top of the wall plate first, then lay the wooden board on the auxiliary installation bracket to completely cover the upper mouth of the ditch, and simultaneously fill backfill soil or planting soil on both sides of the ditch, and then bury the edge of the hydraulic membrane in the backfill soil beside the ditch and make it higher than the designed water level of the ditch, and compact the backfill soil close to the wall plate; use the reserved pin holes on the wall plate to fix the hanging buckle, and the cable is close to one end of the ditch and bolted to the hanging buckle, then install the support rod, and then remove the auxiliary installation bracket; S4, fix the pier and install the scissor brace, align the threading tube in the pier with the pre-buried threading tube, insert the outer end of the cable into the threading tube in the pier, tighten it and anchor it on the pier with anchor bolts; install the baffle on the inclined side of the pier through the pin to form a continuous retaining wall; lay the hydraulic fabric or hydraulic fabric and hydraulic membrane on the side of the baffle close to the fill; S5, lay backfill soil and compact it, spread planting soil, plant green plants or crops after the planting soil is fertilized, and plant climbing plants along the slope.

3. A combined structure of an assembled ditch and retaining wall as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The latch is made of anti-corrosion round steel of the same specification, and the end is square or perforated to facilitate the pull-out operation. During installation, a weather-resistant adhesive is applied to prevent loosening.

4. The combined structure of an assembled ditch and retaining wall as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that When the fill is highly fluid silt, the maximum elevation angle of the pier slope is less than 57.2°, and the bottom width is greater than 0.644 times the height; when the fill has good stability, the calculation formula for the elevation angle is α=actg((√2) / (k0 (2-√2))) or α=actg(2.414 / k0), where k0 is the lateral pressure coefficient of the fill, which is determined by geotechnical tests or obtained by conservatively taking a value in reference to the engineering geology manual.

5. A method for constructing a combined structure of an assembled ditch and retaining wall as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that The auxiliary mounting bracket is a rectangular bracket, which is as wide as the inner space of the ditch and 1 cm higher than the inner space of the ditch. It is used to temporarily fix the ditch wall panels and support the wooden boards covering the ditch mouth during filling operations.

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