Mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybeans and corn in rice stubble field

Abstract

The invention relates to a mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybeans and corns in a rice stubble field, and aims to optimize a soil structure, improve the fertilizer utilization rate and promote healthy growth of crops so as to meet the requirements of high quality, high benefit and green sustainable development of soybean and corn planting. According to the method, special agricultural machinery is utilized, and key steps such as fertilizer uniform application, soil treatment, straw stubble crushing, furrow digging and precision seeding are implemented in a preset planting area. Specifically, firstly, a fertilizing device uniformly applies fertilizer to a to-be-planted area according to agricultural requirements, a soil hardening layer is crushed through a rotary tillage soil crushing component, and crushed stubble straw and fertilizer are uniformly mixed to form a top crushed soil layer suitable for seeding; then, the furrowing device constructs a furrow system beneficial to drainage; finally, precise distribution of soybean and corn seeds is achieved through a precise seed sowing device, it is ensured that the row spacing between crops is scientific and reasonable, the distribution distances of all the seeds in the compartment faces are kept consistent, and therefore the optimal planting effect and yield potential are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of soybean-corn composite planting, and in particular to a mechanized direct seeding method for soybean-corn strip composite planting in a rice stubble field. Background Art

[0002] Planting soybeans and corn after the previous rice crop is a planting pattern in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It can make efficient use of land and is of great significance in my country's agricultural production. With the increase in population and the increasing shortage of arable land resources, increasing the yield per unit area and land utilization rate have become the key to agricultural development.

[0003] In recent years, the demand for soybeans and corn in my country has continued to grow, but the traditional single planting model has problems such as waste of resources and low land output. The soybean-corn strip composite planting method came into being. This method optimizes the crop layout and plants soybeans and corn in strips according to a certain ratio and row spacing. It has many advantages of sustainable development: improving soil nutrient utilization efficiency through spatial complementarity; reducing competition between crops through light utilization; soybeans have a nitrogen-fixing effect, which can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and create good conditions for corn growth; and by rationally allocating the planting ratio of soybeans and corn, both yield and benefits can be increased.

[0004] The strip-shaped composite planting of soybeans and corn not only has the above-mentioned excellent characteristics, but also has innovatively developed a cultivation model based on 2 rows of corn and 2-6 rows of soybeans, making full use of the advantages of side rows while increasing the planting area of ​​soybeans. It can not only solve the contradiction between corn and soybeans for land, but also ensure that the corn yield does not decrease basically, expand soybean production capacity, and achieve coordinated high yields of corn and soybeans.

[0005] However, the above method has the problems of many implementation steps, complicated operation, and failure to deeply apply fertilizer, and has low agricultural promotion value. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybean and corn in rice stubble fields in view of the above shortcomings.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybean and corn in rice stubble fields comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Fertilize the area to be planted evenly according to agronomic requirements, and break up the soil compaction layer by a rotary tillage and soil breaking component, so that the fertilizer and the stubble straw left over from the previous rice crop evenly form a top broken soil layer suitable for sowing;

[0010] Step 2: constructing a furrow system for drainage using a furrow opening device;

[0011] Step 3: Use precision seeding mechanism to sow soybean and corn seeds alternately.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 1, after the previous rice crop is mechanized harvested, the rice straw and stubble are scattered on the surface of the field and are not processed separately, so that the rice straw and stubble are fully returned to the field.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 1, the rotary tillage depth is greater than 150 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 1, the upper part of the tillage layer is crushed by mechanical rotary tillage during rotary tillage to form a top crushed soil layer with a crushing rate greater than 60%, a thickness of 100 to 150 mm and rich in fertilizer.

[0015] Furthermore, in the step 1, the previous rice straw in the top crushed soil layer is crushed and mixedly buried, and the burying rate is greater than 85%.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 2, the furrowing device includes a furrow opener and a furrow former, which are used to open furrows on the planting soil and form a bed surface with a width of 2700 to 2800 mm, control the furrow bottom width to 100 to 150 mm, the furrow upper shoulder width to 200 to 300 mm, and the furrow depth to 250 to 350 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 3, the precision seeding mechanism includes a sowing unit and a precision seeding device, the precision seeding device is arranged on the sowing unit, and the sowing unit is provided with a sowing row spacing adjustment device for controlling the number of sowing rows on each carriage surface to 2 rows of corn and 4 rows of soybeans, and the distribution distance between adjacent seeds remains consistent; the interval between two adjacent rows of corn is 400-650mm, the interval between two adjacent rows of corn and soybeans is 600-700mm, and the interval between two adjacent rows of soybeans is 200-400mm.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 3, soybeans and corn are sown in a strip composite planting pattern.

[0019] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0020] 1. The soybean-corn strip composite planting arrangement method designed by the present invention improves the treatment method of the residue of the previous crop. By directly crushing the previous rice straw into the crushed soil layer through rotary tillage, mechanized sowing operations can be carried out without separate stubble removal, burning, piling, and field removal. It effectively avoids the power consumption and environmental pollution problems caused by multiple processes, and saves processing costs and time.

[0021] 2. The layout method designed by the present invention forms a top broken soil layer through rotary tillage, which maintains the original structure of the soil and improves soil fertility while effectively breaking up the stubble. The upper fine soil layer formed by this tillage method further improves the soil structure of the tillage layer, making the soil more loose and breathable, providing a more suitable soil environment for the growth of soybeans and corn.

[0022] 3. Compared with the traditional planting and tillage methods of rice stubble fields, the soybean-corn strip composite planting layout method designed by the present invention has made significant improvements in the stability of the tillage layer. A stable tillage layer is formed by rotary tillage, which not only provides a good growth space for the crop roots, promotes the growth and development of the root system, but also prolongs the fertilizer effect period. The stable tillage layer allows fertilizer to be more evenly distributed in the soil, enhancing the crop's ability to absorb nutrients and water. At the same time, a good soil structure also improves the soil's water retention capacity and enhances the crop's drought resistance. Therefore, this layout method is more conducive to the robust growth of soybean and corn plants, making the plants more lush and the yield correspondingly increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The soybean-corn strip composite planting precision seeding device used in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] The meanings of the symbols in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0026] 1. Plow bottom layer; 2. Rotary tillage and crushing soil layer; 3. Cultivation layer; 4. Planting layer; 5. Seeds; 6. Pressing wheel; 7. Soil cover; 8. Furrow opener; 9. Depth-limiting wheel; 10. Seeder; 11. Seed box; 12. Profiling device; 13. Ridge-forming device; 14. Hanging rack; 15. Fertilizer box; 16. Fertilizer guide pipe; 17. Rotary tillage device; 18. Fertilizer; 19. Soybean plant; 20. Corn plant; 21. Furrow. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0028] The invention discloses a mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybean and corn in rice stubble fields, which specifically adopts the following method: Figure 1 The soybean-corn strip composite planting precision seeding device shown is similar to the Figure 2 The arrangement shown is implemented, and the specific implementation is as follows:

[0029] The soybean-corn strip composite planting precision seeding device includes a suspension frame 14 for connecting and supporting the entire seeding device; a rotary tillage device 17 located below the suspension frame 14 for rotary tillage of the soil; a fertilizer box 15 is arranged in front of the rotary tillage device 17, connected to the rotary tillage device 17 or the furrow opener 8 through a fertilizer guide pipe 16, and is used to evenly spread fertilizer 18 on the soil surface before rotary tillage, so that the fertilizer is broken and mixed into the soil; the seed box 11 is connected to the furrow opener 8 through a seed meter 10 for accurately placing seeds 5; in addition, it also includes a depth limiting wheel 9 for controlling the rotary tillage and seeding depth, a soil cover 7 for covering seeds, a pressing wheel 6 for pressing the soil, a profiling device 12 for maintaining the consistency of the seeding depth, and a ridging device 13 for forming suitable planting ridges.

[0030] In specific operation, the tractor pulls the precision seeding device through the suspension frame 14 to carry out the soybean-corn strip composite planting operation. The tractor pulls the seeding device into the field, and the fertilizer 18 in the fertilizer box 15 is evenly spread on the surface of the soil to be planted through the fertilizer guide pipe 16. Subsequently, the rotary tillage device 17 performs rotary tillage operation on the soil under the drive of power, fully mixes the fertilizer 18 with the soil, and crushes the soil to form a rotary tillage crushed soil layer 2. The thickness of the tillage layer 3 is controlled within a range suitable for crop growth. Above the tillage layer 3 is the planting layer 4, and the bottom maintains the original plow bottom layer 1 structure.

[0031] Next, the furrow opener 8 opens a planting furrow on the planting layer 4 according to the preset strip planting pattern. At the same time, the seed meter 10 accurately discharges the soybean seeds and corn seeds 5 in the seed box 11 into the planting furrow according to the set plant spacing and row spacing at a row ratio of 4:2, forming a strip planting pattern in which soybean plants 19 and corn plants 20 alternate. The row spacing and plant spacing of soybeans and corn can be adjusted according to the crop growth requirements and soil conditions to ensure that the crops can fully utilize light energy, water and nutrients.

[0032] Then, the soil cover 7 covers the soil on both sides onto the seeds 5 to form a thin soil cover, and the pressing wheel 6 appropriately presses the covered soil to promote close contact between the seeds and the soil, improve the germination rate of the seeds and the uniformity of emergence. The profiling device 12 automatically adjusts the sowing depth according to the terrain changes to ensure that the sowing depth of the entire field is consistent.

[0033] At the same time, the ridging device 13 forms an appropriate ridge shape according to the planting requirements, and the width of the bed is controlled at 2700-2800 mm to facilitate the growth of crops and ventilation and light transmission. The furrows 21 are opened by the furrow opener 8 on both sides of the bed, with the bottom width controlled at 100-150 mm, the shoulder width controlled at 200-300 mm, and the depth controlled at 250-350 mm to facilitate later drainage and field management.

[0034] Through the above steps, the arrangement of fertilizer, soil and seeds for soybean-corn strip composite planting is completed. The method can effectively improve land use efficiency, promote the coordinated growth of soybeans and corn, increase crop yields, and facilitate subsequent field management and mechanized harvesting. In addition, the method has the advantages of simple operation, strong adaptability, low cost, etc., and is suitable for soybean-corn strip composite planting under various soil types and climatic conditions.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] This embodiment was completed in Qujialing Management District, Jingmen City, Hubei Province, using a tillage and sowing device for fertilization, rotary tillage, furrowing, and precision sowing in one-time operation; the corn sowing rate for this operation is 10kg / mu, and the soybean sowing rate is 2.5kg / mu; about 40kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu, according to 60% base fertilizer and 40% topdressing, where the base fertilizer is a compound nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer, and the ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are 20%, 15%, and 15%. The specific planting structure data is adjusted to 650mm for the row spacing between corn and corn, 700mm for the row spacing between corn and soybeans, 380mm for the row spacing between soybeans, 140mm for corn sowing, 100mm for soybean sowing, 300mm for the shoulder width of the furrow, 120mm for the bottom width, and 200mm for the furrow depth. The test operation indicators are shown in Table 1;

[0037] Table 1 List of operation indicators (I)

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Using the arrangement relationship in Table 1 above to plant soybeans and corn, the average plant height of soybeans at maturity was 852mm, the stem diameter was 12mm, and the average soybean yield was 94kg / mu. The average plant height of corn was 2648mm, the stem diameter was 63mm, and the average corn yield was 342kg / mu.

[0041] Comparative Example 2

[0042] This embodiment adopts the method of first preparing the land and applying fertilizers, then digging furrows and sowing seeds for operation, wherein the fertilizer is mixed and applied. Other technical schemes are consistent with those of embodiment 1, and specific operation indicators are shown in Table 2;

[0043] Table 2 Operation index list (II)

[0044]

[0045] Using the arrangement relationship in Table 2 above to plant soybeans and corn, the average plant height of soybeans at maturity was 797 mm, the stem diameter was 17 mm, and the average soybean yield was 85 kg / mu. The average plant height of corn was 2384 mm, the stem diameter was 59 mm, and the average corn yield was 318 kg / mu.

[0046] Comparative Example 3

[0047] This embodiment uses the method of no-tillage, furrowing, sowing and fertilization to carry out the operation, wherein the fertilizer is evenly spread on the surface of the box. Other technical schemes are consistent with those of embodiment 1, and the specific operation indicators are shown in Table 3;

[0048] Table 3 Operation index list (III)

[0049]

[0050] Using the arrangement relationship in Table 3 above to plant soybeans and corn, the average plant height of soybeans at maturity was 774mm, the stem diameter was 17mm, and the average soybean yield was 76kg / mu. The average plant height of corn was 2437mm, the stem diameter was 60mm, and the average corn yield was 289kg / mu.

[0051] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the uniform application and deep tillage method designed by the present invention is more conducive to plant growth and development, and the stems of soybean and corn plants are taller, thicker and have higher yields.

[0052] The above is an example of the best implementation of the present invention, and the parts not described in detail are common knowledge of ordinary technicians in the field. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the content of the claims, and any equivalent transformation based on the technical enlightenment of the present invention is also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybean and corn in rice stubble fields, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Fertilize the area to be planted evenly according to agronomic requirements, and break up the soil compaction layer by a rotary tillage and soil breaking component, so that the fertilizer and the stubble straw left over from the previous rice crop evenly form a top broken soil layer suitable for sowing; Step 2: constructing a furrow system for drainage using a furrow opening device; Step 3: Use precision seeding mechanism to sow soybean and corn seeds alternately.

2. The mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybean and corn in rice stubble fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, after the previous rice crop is mechanized harvested, the rice straw and stubble are scattered on the surface of the field and are not processed separately, so that the rice straw and stubble are fully returned to the field.

3. The mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybean and corn in rice stubble fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the rotary tillage depth is greater than 150 mm.

4. The mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybean and corn in rice stubble fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the upper part of the tillage layer is crushed by mechanical rotary tillage during rotary tillage to form a top crushed soil layer with a crushing rate greater than 60%, a thickness of 100 to 150 mm and rich in fertilizer.

5. The mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybean and corn in rice stubble fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the previous rice straw in the top crushed soil layer is crushed and mixedly buried, and the burying rate is greater than 85%.

6. The mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybean and corn in rice stubble fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the furrowing device includes a furrow opener and a furrow former, which are used to open furrows on the planting soil and form a bed surface with a width of 2700 to 2800 mm, control the furrow bottom width to 100 to 150 mm, the furrow upper shoulder width to 200 to 300 mm, and the furrow depth to 250 to 350 mm.

7. The mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybean and corn in rice stubble fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the precision seeding mechanism includes a sowing unit and a precision seeding device, the precision seeding device is arranged on the sowing unit, and the sowing unit is provided with a sowing row spacing adjustment device for controlling the number of sowing rows on each carriage surface to 2 rows of corn and 4 rows of soybeans, and the distribution distance between adjacent seeds remains consistent; the interval between two adjacent rows of corn is 400-650mm, the interval between two adjacent rows of corn and soybeans is 600-700mm, and the interval between two adjacent rows of soybeans is 200-400mm.

8. The mechanized direct seeding method for strip-shaped composite planting of soybean and corn in rice stubble fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, soybeans and corn are sown in a strip composite planting pattern.

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